Photosynthesis

 Process by which organisms use light energy to produce organic

compounds.

Autotrophs:
 Organism that obtains energy from sunlight or inorganic
substances to make organic compounds.
Heterotrophs:
 Organism that must get energy from food sources

Photosynthesis is the process that provides energy for almost all life.
Stages:
1. Energy is captured from sunlight
2. Light energy is converted into chemical energy, which is
temporarily stored in ATP and the carrier molecule NADPH.
3. The chemical energy stored in the ATP and NADPH powers the
formation of organic compound, using CO2

Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplasts.

Equation:
Pigment
 Molecule that absorbs certain wavelengths of light
Chlorophyll
 Pigment responsible for trapping light energy in photosynthesis.
Carotenoids:
 Yellow and orange plant pigments that aid in photosynthesis.
Thylakoids:
 Internal membrane-bound sac of chloroplasts
When light strikes a thylakoid in a chloroplast, energy is transferred to
electrons in chlorophyll and other pigments.

Rubisco:
 enzyme present in plant chloroplasts, involved in fixing
atmospheric carbon dioxide during Calvin Cycle.

RuBp:
 A five-carbon sugar that is combined with carbon dioxide to form
two three-carbon intermediates in the first stage of the light-
independent reactions of photosynthesis
Photosystems:
 group of pigments, chlorophyll and others. That are capable of
absorb luminic energy.
Water photolysis:
The photolysis of water (H2O) in the light
reactions of photosynthesis occurs in the water-splitting
complex of photosystem II embedded in thylakoid
membranes of chloroplasts where light is used to split water
molecules as represented by the following equation:
H2O H+ + O2

NADPH formation:

 The high-energy electron travels down a short second leg of the

electron transport chain. At the end of the chain, the electron is
passed to the NADP to start superscript to make NADPH

Carbon Dioxide:

 Plants get carbon dioxide from the air through their leaves. The
carbon dioxide diffuses through small holes in the underside of
the leaf called stomata. (singular: stoma. plural: stomata)

Explain how does the Light dependent reactions takes place:

 in Thylakoid membranes

The light dependent reactions use photosynthetic pigments (organized

as photosystems) to convert light energy into chemical energy
(specifically ATP and NADPH)