Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet
Drilling rig
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 2
Drilling rig
CROWN BLOCK
WIRE ROPE
TRAVELING BLOCK
HOOK
SWIVEL
ROTARY TABLE
DRAWWORK AND
BRAKES
MUD PUMP
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 3
Drilling rig
• The hole is a “mining object” that has minor diameter compared to the
length.
•It serves as the conduit for hydrocarbons from the layer to the surface.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 4
1. Bit
2. Sub: bit – drill collar
3. Drill collars
4. Drill pipes
5. Sub: drill pipe - kelly
6. Kelly
7. Preventer stuck
8. Rotary hose
9. Swivel
10. Rotary table
11. Draw work
12. Power engines and transmission
13. Mud pumps
14. Mud tanks
15. Hook and traveling block
16. Mast/derrick
17. Wire rope/drilling line
18. Crown block
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 5
• Drilling rig schematics through three aspects of
energy transmission
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 6
Drilling rig
• Todrill the hole it is necessary to:
- rotate the bit or crown,
- put weight on bit,
- remove drilled formation from the bottom of the
hole, to enable bit contact with clean surface of intact
formation.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 7
Bit rotation
• There are three ways to rotate
the bit:
- with rotary table,
- top drive and
- down hole motor.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 9
Removing parts of drilled formation
from the bottom of the hole
• When bit rotates and is
weighted with certain axial force
his teeth or inserts crush or cut
the rock.
•Formation cuttings have to be
removed from the bottom hole
immediately.
•That enables bit contact with
intact rock and prevents pipe
stacking.
•That is the third component that
completes the term drilling in
basic sense.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 10
Drilling rig
• According to mobility drilling rigs can be:
- light, mobile, often set on adequate vehicle
and
- heavy plants, that are driven on the location in parts and there
assembled.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 11
Derrick (mast)
•Derrick is trussed steel construction, that
serves as a carrying structure while drilling.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 14
• Substructure supports full
derrick load, rotary table load,
and the load of the drill stem that
can be suspended in the hole by
the slips, on the hook, or rests i
finger.
•When lowering casing in the hole
special spider serves to
accommodate pipes of large
diameter.
• Working floor also
accommodates draw work, rotary
table, control panels and auxiliary
equipment.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 15
Derrick (mast)
• Derrick height does not
influence of his loading rating,
but influences on the length of
drill string that can be
manipulated as a section.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 16
Derrick (mast)
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 17
Derrick characteristics are
defined in API spec.4F
Derrick (mast)
OPPENING HEIGHT
Basic
CROWN WIDTH
(FRONT SIDE)
derrick
BASE WIDTH
dimensions
HEIGHT
MARK AT BT CT CT DT ET
m m m m m m Tolerances:
10 24,38 6,10 2,29 7,21 1,68 2,44
11 26,52 6,10 2,29 7,21 1,68 2,44 AT ±0,1524 m;
12 28,65 7,32 2,29 7,21 1,68 2,44 BT ±0,127 m;
16 37,19 7,32 2,29 7,21 1,68 2,44 CT +1,0668 m;
18 41,45 7,92 2,29 7,21 1,68 3,66 DT ±0,0508 m;
18A 41,45 9,14 2,29 7,21 1,68 3,66
19 42,67 9,14 2,29 8,08 2,29 5,18
ET ±0,1524 m
20 44,81 9,14 2,29 8,08 1,97 5,18
25 56,61 11,28 2,29 8,08 2,29 5,18
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 18
Derrick load-bearing
capacity
• The derrick must carry full load of drill stem while drilling or
when suspended in rotary, or set up in finger. That results with
stresses and strains. Additional load is generated when
derrick with pipes in finger is exposed to strong wind or
vibrations of any kind or reason. Because of that the derrick
must be designed to withstand loads of doubled amount
compared with those calculated for the job:
Derrick load-bearing capacity is that amount of weight that can be
suspended in the derrick with adequate safety factor if additional
preconditions are fulfilled:
- all four legs are equally weighted
- there are no pipes in the derrick and no additional load due high
wind
- the weight of the derrick is neglected.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 19
Derrick load-bearing
capacity
•Maximal static hook load of conventional derrick is such load
that can be carried by the derrick and the hook with safety
factor (about 2). In that case the derrick weight, crown and
traveling block weight, wire rope weight and similar must be
included. Maximal hook load is:
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 20
Derrick erection
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 21
Power
• Two common means of transmission
power transmission are:
mechanical and electrical.
• In the past most rigs were
mechanical.
• Analyzing efficacy of energy
transmission on drill rigs
greater effect is in use of
diesel-electric rigs.
• Mechanical transmission
uses clutches, couplings, belts,
gears, sprockets, chains,
shafts, bearings and pulleys to
transfer the power.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 22
• On a diesel-electric rig, diesel Power
engines, which on land rigs are located
at ground level, away from the rig floor, transmission
drive electric generators.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 23
Systems of energy transmission on rotary
drilling rig
(a) mechanical
(b) diesel-electric
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 24
Pipe manipulation system – Hoisting
system
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 25
Pipe manipulation system – Hoisting
system
•Two main purposes of the
drawworks are:
• to lift pipes out of the hole,
and
• to lower the pipes back in the
hole.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 27
Drawworks
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 29
Drawworks - Catheads
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 30
Blocks
• The traveling block, crown block, and
drilling line are the three components are CROWN
essential in pipe manipulation. BLOCK
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 31
Blocks and drilling
line
• Three main parts of the
system are:
•traveling block
•crown block, and
•drilling line
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 32
Drilling line – wire
rope
• Wire rope is produced of same or different
diameter of steel wires.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 33
Drilling line – wire rope
• One end of the rope is
suspended in the brake crest.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 34
Blocks
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 35
Blocks
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 36
The rotating
equipment
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 37
The rotating
equipment
• A swivel is a remarkable
mechanical device.
• It is attached to the
traveling block by a large
bail.
• The swivel has three main
functions:
1. it supports the weight of the drill
stem;
2. it allows the drill stem to rotate;
and
3. it provides a pressure-tight seal
and passageway for the drilling
mud to be pumped down the
inside of the drill stem.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 39
Swivel
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 41
Kelly and Rotary Table
• The kelly's upper end is
connected to the swivel,
and its lower end is
connected to the drill
pipe.
• The drill pipe screws onto
a device called a kelly
saver sub, or a saver sub.
• The sub is a short,
connecting fitting that
screws onto the bottom
of the kelly.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 42
Kelly and Rotary Table
• The kelly fits into a
corresponding square or
hexagonal opening in a
device called a kelly, or
drive, bushing.
– The kelly bushing fits into a
part of the rotary table
called the master, or
rotary, bushng.
– As the master bushing
rotates, the kelly rotates;
and as the kelly rotates,
the drill string and bit
rotate.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 43
Kelly and Rotary Table
• The bottom threads on
the sub are temporarily
joined with threads on
the top of each length of
drill pipe that is added to
the stem.
• The sub saves wear on
the threads of the kelly;
when the threads of the
sub become worn, the
sub is replaced or
rethreaded.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 44
Upper kelly cock
• An upper kelly cock is a special
valve that can often be
recognized as a bulge on the
upper part of the kelly.
– The kelly cock can be closed to
shut off well pressure coming up
from inside the drill stem.
– Most kelly cocks require a special
wrench to operate the closing
valve, and the driller should make
sure that the kelly cock wrench is
kept in one place and that every
crew member knows where to
find it.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 45
Lower kelly cock
• A lower kelly cock (also called a drill
pipe safety valve or a drill stem
valve) is usually made up between
the lower end of the kelly and the top
joint of drill pipe.
– When the kelly is pulled up high above
the rotary table, as it usually is when a
joint of pipe is being added to the drill
stem (i.e., when a connection is being
made), the upper kelly cock cannot be
reached easily should it be necessary to
close in the drill stem.
– However, the lower kelly cock is readily
accessible when the kelly is raised.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 46
Rotary table
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 47
Rotary table
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 50
Drill String
• Drill collars, like drill pipe, are steel
tubes through which mud can be
pumped.
– Drill collars are heavier than drill pipe and
are used on the bottom part of the string
to put weight on the bit.
a) b) C) – This weight presses down on the bit to
a) standard get it to drill.
b) square – Drill collars are about 9,14 m (30 feet)
long and, unlike the drill pipe that has
c) spiraled tool joints welded on, they have the
boxes and pins cut into them.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 51
Bits
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 52
Bits
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 54
Polycrystalline
diamond bits
• PDC bit cutting elements
have polycrystalline diamond
cutter with transitional layer
for strike absorption.
• They are embedded in bit
body and some
manufacturers make them
interchangeable.
• Are produced with steel
bodies or with impregnated
matrix.
• PDC bits have
interchangeable jet nozzles
made of tungsten carbide.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 55
Circulating System
• One of the essentials of rotary
drilling is a circulating system.
– For the rotary drilling system to
function, fluid must be circulated
downward through the drill stem,
around the bit, and upward in the
annular space between the drill stem
and the wall of the hole or the
casing. borehole.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 56
Circulating System
• The principal purposes of circulation
fluid are to:
1. clean the bottom of the hole;
2. cool the bit;
3. flush cuttings from the hole;
4. support the walls of the well so that they do
not cave in; and
5. prevent the entry of formation fluid into the
borehole.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 57
Drilling Fluid
• The circulation fluid is usually a liquid
but can also be air or gas. (Remember,
a fluid can be either a liquid or gas.)
– If the circulating, or drilling, fluid is a liquid,
it is made up mostly of water, although
occasionally oil is the major component.
– Both types of drilling fluids are called muds,
or drilling muds, because that is what they
appear to be.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 58
Drilling Fluid
• Nevertheless, some drilling muds are quite a
bit more than just muds; literally scores of
special chemical additives and weighting
materials are put into them in order to achieve
their purpose with the greatest efficiency.
– Special clays are used to give body to the mud, and
barite -a heavy mineral- is added to increase the
density of the mud.
– Chemicals are used to control the thickness, or
viscosity, of the mud and to improve the ability of
the solid particles in the mud to deposit a layer, or
cake, on the wall of the hole.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 59
Drilling Fluid
• In perhaps 1 percent of all oilwells drilled,
compressed air or natural gas is used as the
circulating fluid instead of mud.
– Conditions are usually such that air drilling,
although a very efficient drilling method, cannot be
used.
– Circulating with a liquid is less efficient but offers
the advantages of hydraulic lift (such as its ability
to lift cuttings made by the bit), pressure buildup
as depth increases, and so on.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 60
Mud Tanks and Pumps
• The mud is mixed in the
mud tanks (often called
mud pits) with the help
of a mud hopper into
which most of the dry
ingredients for the mud
are poured. (It is very
important to note that
some dry ingredients,
especially one called
caustic, should never be
added to the mud
through the hopper.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 61
Mud Tanks and Pumps
• The hopper works in such a
way that it often throws
out a little of the
ingredients being added to
it. Since caustic is just that
-caustic- one can easily
receive a severe burn from
such ejected particles.)
– The tanks contain agitators
(paddle like projections) and
jets that mix the mud.
– The mud is mixed with either
oil or water, depending on
the mud properties needed.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 62
Mud
• The mud pump is the
primary component of any Pumps
fluid-circulating system.
– Pumps are either powered by
electric motors attached
directly to them, or driven by
the compound.
– The pumps for rotary drilling
rigs have high ratings and
are capable of moving large
volumes of fluid at very high
pressures.
– When circulating with air or
gas, the pump is replaced by
compressors, and mud tanks
are not required.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 63
The Mud Cycle
• The mud is pumped from
the mud suction tank
through a discharge line to
a standpipe.
– The standpipe is a steel pipe
mounted vertically on one leg
of the mast or derrick.
– The mud is pumped up the
standpipe and into a flexible,
very strong, reinforced rubber
hose called the rotary hose,
or kelly hose.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 64
The Mud Cycle
• The rotary hose is
connected to the swivel.
– The mud enters the swivel,
flows down through the kelly,
drill pipe and drill collars, and
exits at the bit.
– It then does a sharp U-turn
and heads back up the hole
through the annulus, a space
between the outside of the
drill string and wall of the
hole.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 65
The Mud Cycle
• Finally, the mud leaves the
hole through a steel pipe or
trough, called the mud
return line, and falls over a
vibrating, screen like device
called the shale shaker.
– The shaker screens out the
cuttings and dumps them into
a reserve pit.
– The mud then drains back
into the mud tanks and is
recycled back down the hole
by the mud pump.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 66
• If fine silt or sand is being
drilled, devices called
desilters and desanders are
mounted on the mud pits to
remove these very small
particles.
– Recirculating silt and sand
back down the hole makes the
mud heavier than desired and
might erode the drill string and
other components.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 67
Mud-Gas Separator
• A mud-gas separator is
an essential item of rig
equipment for handling a
gas kick.
– The mud-gas separator
saves the usable mud
coming out of the well
while a kick is being
circulated out and
separates the flammable
gas so it can be burned at
a safe distance from the
rig.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 68
Mud-Gas Separator
• Most mud-gas separators are made of a length of
large-diameter pipe.
– Interior baffles are used to slow down the mud-gas
stream, and a gooseneck arrangement at the bottom
permits the mud to flow to the shaker tank while
maintaining a fluid head to hold the gas at the top.
– The gas vent pipe at the top permits the gas to be flared
without too much back-pressure on the mud.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 69
• And, if a formation containing small amounts
of gas is encountered, a degasser is often
employed to remove the gas from the mud
before it is recirculated into the hole.
– Mud containing gas (gas-cut mud) should not be
recirculated because it decreases the density of the
mud, which could lead to a blowout.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 70
Well Control Equipment
• When the subject of well
control is mentioned, the
first thing to come to mind is
a blowout.
– A blowout is a very
undesirable occurrence on any
rig, because it endangers the
lives of the crew, can destroy
a rig worth millions of dollars,
wastes much-needed
petroleum, and may damage
the environment.
– Although relatively rare, a
blowout is an awesome sight.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 71
Well Control Equipment
• Fluid (either liquid or gas)
erupts from the well, usually
with great force, and often
ignites into a roaring inferno,
especially if the fluid is gas.
– The trouble arises when the
pressure in the formation is
higher than that in the well.
– The pressure in the well is
maintained by the type and
amount of drilling fluid being
circulated through it.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 72
Well Control Equipment
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 73
Blowout Preventers
• Blowout preventers (BOPs),
in conjunction with other
equipment and techniques,
are used to close the well in
and allow the crew to control
a kick before it becomes a
blowout.
– The two basic types of
blowout preventers on a
drilling rig are annular
preventers and ram
preventers.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 74
Blowout Preventers
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 75
Blowout Preventers
• Ram preventers consist of
large, steel valves (the rams)
that have sealing elements.
– One type of ram preventer is
called a pipe ram because it
closes on the drill pipe and is
not able to affect a seal on an
open hole.
– Blind-ram preventers are used
to close an open hole.
– Shear rams, used mostly in
offshore drilling, cut the drill
pipe completely, thus sealing
the hole.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 76
Blowout Preventers
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 78
Accumulator
“Koomey”
• The accumulator is usually located at least 30,48 m
(100 feet) away from the rig floor so that, if a
blowout and fire occur, the accumulator is not
damaged and valves on the accumulator can be
used to close the preventers.
– A master control
panel located on
the rig floor is
normally used to
operate the
preventers.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 79
Choke Manifold
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 82
– A fixed choke has a
flow restriction of Choke
permanent size.
– In either case, the idea
is that the well can be
circulated "through the
choke" and adequate
back-pressure held on
the well to prevent the
further entry of
formation fluids while
well-killing procedures
are being carried out.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 83
Auxiliaries
• In addition to the major assemblies of
equipment that make up a drilling rig, a
great number of minor pieces of
equipment are necessary to carry on the
work.
– Some of these auxiliaries are:
• generators,
• air compressors,
• mud storage facilities, and
• various instruments.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 84
Electricity Generators
• Modern rotary rigs are provided with alternating-
current generators, nearly always diesel powered.
– Most of these generators have capacities of 50 to 100
kilowatts, although larger units are sometimes installed.
– They have enough capacity to carry the main power load
of the rig-excluding hoisting, pumping, and rotating-using
only one unit.
– Alternating-current electricity is used for rig lighting, shale
shaker motors, mud pit agitators, centrifugal pumps, rig
instruments, engine-cooling fans, and air conditioning for
the bunkhouses furnished on many large rigs.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 85
Air Compressors
• On mechanical rigs, a small compressor is usually
mounted on the engine compound to supply air for
the pneumatic controls and clutches.
– The compressor has a volume tank to allow reserve
storage of compressed air.
– Diesel-electric rigs usually have an electrically powered
compressor to furnish high-pressure air to pneumatic
controls and for other purposes, including starting the
main engines and operating the air-powered hoists, air
slips, air pumps on the BOP-operating equipment, water
wells, air-operated tools, and the like.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 86
Mud Storage Facility
• A complete mud system for a heavy-duty
drilling rig usually includes not only settling
tanks, or pits, but suction tanks, or pits, to
which the pump is connected.
– It also frequently includes a reserve or waste pit
where surplus mud and cuttings are accumulated
as drilling progresses.
– Some form of storage for the dry and liquid mud
materials that are to be added as the drilling
progresses is found on most rigs.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 87
Mud Storage Facility
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 88
Drilling Instruments
• An instrumentation system is a
key part of almost all rigs today.
– It may be no more than one simple
weight indicator, or it may include a
great variety of things such as a
mud level recorder, a mud density
recorder, torque indicators and
recorders, and logging devices to
keep a continuous graphic record of
work being done on the rig,
particularly the depth being drilled.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 89
Drilling Instruments
• Figure shows the instruments
placed at the driller's position
for observing drill stem
weight, mud pit level, pump
pressure, rotary speed, tong-
line pull, and other variables.
– A mud logging unit, generally
supplied by a contracting
service company, may be used
to keep track of any indications
of oil and gas brought up in the
circulating fluid.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 90
Other Facilities
• Drilling rigs also generally include such facilities as fuel
storage installations; a change house (a place for rig
workers to change from their work clothes to street
clothes); a doghouse (a small structure on the rig
floor that serves as an office for the driller and as a
storage place for small tools); a tool house (a place to
store spare parts for the pumps and other
equipment); and other facilities. Rigs located in
remote areas frequently have a bunkhouse where the
rig crews live while on duty.
– Sometimes, the tool pusher is provided with a trailer that serves as an
office with a telephone and radio for communication with the head office
and as his living quarters while on duty.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 91
Other Facilities
• Offshore rigs are provided with sleeping quarters,
mess facilities, electric power, water supply, and
sewage facilities, as well as storage for enough dry
mud, chemicals, cement, oil, and other supplies to
operate the rig for many days.
– Most large rigs are equipped to continuously transmit
operation data by radio to the company headquarters.
– Good rig housekeeping requires that there be a place for
everything while drilling is underway.
– Pipe racks and casing racks are standard items used for
temporary storage.
– Provisions are made for moving and storing hand tools used
in rig maintenance.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 92
The Crew
• Although not a component of the rig as
such, the crew is a very important part of
the rig. Without the individuals in the
crew, the equipment for rotary drilling
would be worthless.
• Crews may consist of four, five, six, or
more individuals, depending on the size
and service rating of the rig itself.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 93
The Crew
• The tool pusher also called rig manager – is
the man in charge.
– His experience includes years of work on a drilling
rig as a crewman and driller;
– He has expert knowledge of well drilling, rig
machinery, tools and equipment.
– He directs the actual operation of the drilling rig
and the work performed by the drilling crew,
authorizes the employment of the crew and
coordinates the affairs of the operating company
and drilling contractor.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 94
The Crew
• The driller is in charge of
drilling; he operates the
drilling machinery.
– He is under the direct
supervision of the tool pusher
and is the overall supervisor
of the floor men.
– The driller gives the actual
instructions concerning work
on the rig to the other five or
six crew members.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 95
The Crew
• The derrick man works on the
monkey board, a small platform
located up in the derrick at a
level even with the upper end of
a stand of drill pipe.
– When the pipe is being tripped in
or out, he handles the upper end
of the pipe, guiding it to and from
the finger.
– When drilling is going on he is
responsible for maintaining the
drilling fluid or repairing the
pumps and other circulating
equipment.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 96
• The motorman is responsible
for the engines, fuel, and
auxiliaries.
• Electrician maintains and
repairs the electrical generating
and distribution system on the
rig. The Crew
• The floor man; rotary helper or
roughneck, is responsible for
handling the lower end of the
drill pipe when it is being
tripped in or out of the hole,
handle the tongs, maintain
equipment, keep it clean and
painted, and keep the rig in
general repair.
Rudarsko-
Rudarsko-geološ
geološko-
ko-naftni fakultet 97