Colonia Dignidad

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Colonia Dignidad

Sect's operation space, with overlapping use as concentration and

torture camp by DINA

Hotel Villa Baviera in February 2014

Location of Colonia Dignidad (now Villa Baviera) in Chile

 36°23′13″S 71°35′17″WCoordinates:  36°23′13″
Coordinates
S 71°35′17″W

Other names Villa Baveiera

Known for Internment and murder of

dissidents during Pinochet's military dictatorship

Location 35km east of Parral

Built by Paul Schäfer's sect

Operated by Paul Schäfer

Commandant Paul Schäfer

First built 1961

Operational 1961 - 2007 (as sect's operation place)[1]

1973 - 1985 (as concentration camp of Pinochet's

dissidents)

Killed unknown

Notable Boris Weisfeiler (alleged)

inmates

Notable books Das Blendwerk: Von der "Colonia Dignidad" zur

"Villa Baviera"

Colonia Dignidad ("Dignity Colony") was an isolated colony of Germans and

Chileans established in post-World War II Chile by emigrant Germans which
became infamous for the internment, torture, and murder of dissidents during the
military regime of General Augusto Pinochet in the 1970s while under the
leadership of German fugitive Paul Schäfer.
The main legal economic activity of the colony was agriculture; at various periods it
also was home to a school, a hospital, two airstrips, a restaurant, and a power
station.
Protesters asking for justice in 2015

Colonia Dignidad's longest continuous leader, Paul Schäfer, arrived in the colony
in 1961.[2] Schäfer was a fugitive, accused of child molestation in West Germany.
The organization he led in Chile was described, alternatively, as a cult or as a
group of "harmless eccentrics". The organization was secretive, and the Colonia
was surrounded by barbed wire fences, and featured
a watchtower and searchlights, and was later reported to contain secret weapon
caches. External investigations, including efforts by the Chilean government,
uncovered a history of criminal activity in the enclave, including child sexual abuse.
[3]
 Its legal activities were supplemented by income related to weapons sales and
money laundering.[not verified in body] Reports from Chile's National Commission for Truth
and Reconciliation, indicate that a small set of the many individuals abducted
by Pinochet's Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional during his rule were held as
prisoners at Colonia Dignidad, some of whom were subjected to torture, and that
some Colonia residents of the time were participants in the atrocities.
In 1991, the name of the settlement was changed to Villa Baviera. According to
the census of 2002,there were 198 inhabitants of the colony.
As of 2005, the Villa Baviera´s leaders insist that it is a different, changed
organization and have attempted to modernize the colony, allowing residents to
leave to study at university, and opened the colony to tourism, attracting visitors
due to its infamous past.[4][5][6]

Contents

 1Location
 2History
o 2.1Problem observed
o 2.2Secret detention camp
o 2.3Claims of German Intelligence Service assistance
o 2.4Democratic transition
 3Life under Schäfer leadership
 4Atrocities
o 4.1Sexual abuse
o 4.2Torture and murder
o 4.3Member abuse
o 4.4Weapons violations
o 4.5Nazi ties
 5Legal proceedings
 6Villa Baviera era
 7See also
 8References
o 8.1Bibliography
 9Further reading
 10External links
Location[edit]
Located in a remote area in the Maule Region of central Chile, Colonia Dignidad
was ~35 km southeast of the city of Parral, on the north bank of the Perquilauquén
River. The full name of the colony from the 1950s was Sociedad Benefactora y
Educacional Dignidad ("Charitable and Educational Society 'Dignity' "). At its
largest, Colonia Dignidad was home to some three hundred German and Chilean
residents, and covered 137 square kilometers (53 sq mi).[7]

History[edit]
The first inhabitants of Colonia Dignidad arrived in 1961, brought by German
citizen Paul Schäfer, who was born in 1921, in the town of Troisdorf. Schäfer's first
employment in Germany was as a welfare worker for children in an institution of
the local church, a post from which he was fired at the end of the 1940s; he, then,
faced accusations of sexual abuse against children in his care. [8] While these first
reports led to his dismissal, no criminal proceedings were initiated. Afterwards, he
worked as an independent preacher, forming a community in Gronau, which is an
organization dedicated to working with children at risk. [citation needed] He quickly acquired
great influence over his members, who had to perform hard farm work without pay.
Shortly thereafter, stories reemerged relating to the earlier allegations of pedophilia
against him.[citation needed] As a result, in 1961, Schäfer organized the emigration of
several hundred members of their community to Chile.
Problem observed[edit]
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The colony intended to project to the outside world an image of harmony, order
and an inclusive system of communal work. This was emphasized by the work of
its own press operations who were recording and broadcasting videos showing
their happy residents amid celebrations and commemorations: men dedicated to
farm work, women and girls embroidering or preparing butter.
However, Schäfer's propaganda efforts were again and again overshadowed by
allegations of people escaping from the colony and obtaining asylum in Germany.
The first, Wolfgang Müller, fled in 1966 and first exposed the atrocities that
occurred within the colony. Müller obtained German citizenship and worked for a
newspaper, soon becoming an activist in Germany against the leaders of Colonia
Dignidad, and finally became the president of the foundation dedicated to the
support of victims in Chile.
In the following year, he freed another inhabitant of the colony, Heinz Kuhn, who
confirmed the allegations previously made by Müller, and provided more
information on abuses. However, these first allegations were rejected by politicians
and were emphatically denied due to their ties with the management of the Colony
in their preparation of the military coup of September 11, 1973, as demonstrated
later in Chilean court cases.
Secret detention camp[edit]
See also: Human rights violations in Pinochet's Chile
Before officially moving his organization to Chile, Paul Schäfer requested that the
Chilean government exempt him from paying taxes and grant him asylum as long
as he helped with gaining political intelligence. [9] The Rettig Commission noted a
wealth of information supporting the accusations of the use of the laundry owned
by Colonia Dignidad for detention and torture of political detainees
during Pinochet's military dictatorship. This farm, commonly known as Colonia
Dignidad, is within Parral, on the banks of river Perquilauquén, near Catillo. The
Commission has also noted that other sources concluded Colonia Dignidad was
used at a minimum as a detention center for political prisoners. Among these
sources are spokesmen for the Government of the Federal Republic of Germany,
and the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances. The Rettig
Commission ultimately based its conclusions on evidence that it examined directly.
In these underground prisons, the captives were tortured in numerous ways,
including mutilation from dogs and electric shocks. There is speculation that the
extent of Schäfer's involvement with Pinochet has not yet been fully disclosed.
[7]
 Schäfer's 2005 arrest saw more than 500 government files of missing detainees
hidden in the ‘bodega de las papas’ (‘potato cellar’ in English). Each of these files
contained details of severe human rights violations committed under Schäfer's
supervision in collaboration with Pinochet. In the late 1970s, Pinochet allegedly
ordered for the mass graves containing hundreds of murdered detainees to be
unearthed and for the bodies to be either thrown into the sea or burned. [9]
Claims of German Intelligence Service assistance[edit]
Journalist John Dinges has claimed[when?] that there was some degree of cooperation
between the German Intelligence Service and Colonia Dignidad, including creation
of bunkers, tunnels, a hospital, and runways for the decentralized production of
armaments in modules (parts produced in one place, other parts in another). This
subject was proactively hidden, because of the problems experienced at the time
associated with Argentina.[citation needed]
Democratic transition[edit]
Chile took a turn to democracy in 1990 after 17 years of dictatorship, but Colonia
Dignidad remained unchanged. Allegations of abuses and humiliations that
occurred inside the colony increased. National and international pressure
intensified, but each time the police tried to conduct an investigation at the site they
were greeted with a wall of silence. Colonia Dignidad authorities remained powerful
and also had allies in the army and among the Chilean far-right, [citation needed] who would
warn them in advance when the police were preparing to visit the site.
Slowly, Chilean public awareness began to change, creating a growing feeling of
resentment towards the place, which many began to perceive as an independent
state, or an enclave within Chile.[citation needed]

Life under Schäfer leadership[edit]

Before coming to Chile, Schäfer had attempted to start an orphanage in Germany,
but two mothers living there accused him of molesting their children, so to escape
judicial consequences, he fled to Chile. [10] Schäfer arrived in Chile in 1961 with
around 70 followers, and a number of kidnapped children.  The colony continued to
‘import’ children from Germany and the surrounding areas until the end of
Schäfer's leadership.  Colonia Dignidad grew to have about 350 people, around
100 of which were children.[11] Those on the side of the colony said that it was a
harmless organization, but, those against it recounted it as tyrannical in structure,
and highly restrictive in terms of interaction between genders and in expression of
sexuality, with a reportedly aging population.  The perimeter of the colony was
made up of barbed wire, searchlights, and a watchtower. [7] Today the colony is not
as isolated as it was under Schäfer's leadership; Schäfer made great efforts to
keep the colony as isolated as he could.  The road to the colony cut through
farmland and forest, and brought the traveler to a large barbed-wire fence that was
generally heavily protected. Inside, however, the colony seemed fairly normal,
though a bit old-fashioned:
The village had modern apartment complexes, two schools, a chapel, several
meetinghouses, and a bakery that produced fresh cakes, breads, and cheeses.
There were numerous animal stables, two landing strips, at least one airplane, a
hydroelectric power station, and mills and factories of various kinds, including a
highly profitable gravel mill that supplied raw materials for numerous road-building
projects throughout Chile. On the north side of the village was a hospital, where the
Germans provided free care to thousands of patients in one of the country’s
poorest areas.[10]
Schäfer, despite living in Chile for most of his adult life, spoke little Spanish, as
only German was spoken inside the colony.  He was described as having a very
serious demeanor, and rarely smiled, but was considered to be quite charismatic
nonetheless. He made great efforts to illustrate Colonia Dignidad as a utopian
paradise, seemingly frozen in times before World War Two. [10] In reality, Schäfer ran
a fear-based colony where members were barred from interacting with the world
outside the community, and a few were armed to protect the community against
possible outside attacks.[9] The inhabitants lived under an
abnormal authoritarian system, where in addition to minimal contact with the
outside, Schäfer ordered the division of families (parents did not talk to their
children, or did not know their siblings). It prohibited all kinds of relations,
sentimental or conjugal, among adult women and men, and segregated the living
quarters of each sex. Schäfer sexually abused children and some were tortured, as
is clear from the statements of the German Dr. Gisela Seewald, who admitted the
use of electroshock therapy and sedatives that her boss had claimed
were placebos. Members were often encouraged to confess to him both their own
sins, and the sins of others that they had witnessed.  Supposed sinners were often
publicly outed and shamed during gathering times and meals. Women were
thought to be inherently sinful, plagued by sexuality, thus the justification behind
separating the men from the women. Schäfer often dictated forming romantic
relationships, as far as saying when to get married and have children.  Most of the
time, however, conceptions of family inside the colony were based not on genetics,
but on loyalty to Schäfer, who self-identified as ‘The Permanent Uncle.’  When a
child was born, it would not stay with its biological parents, but rather be raised by
nurses in a group called ‘The Babies.’ Each stage of life was categorized like this,
with the following stages being ‘The Wedges’ (up to age 15), ‘The Army of
Salvation,’ ‘The Elder Servants’ by age 30, and lastly, by age 50, ‘The Comalos.’
This was done in an effort to give everyone an exact role in the colony's order.
Inhabitants lived in groups of about six, and all wore similar German 30s-style
clothing. Each person would work 12+ hours a day, receiving no payment, but
doing so rather for the sake of Colonia Dignidad. [10]
The colony had a school and hospital in the enclave which offered support to rural
families through free education and health services. This would, ultimately, create
support in case the colony was attacked. However, there are many cases
uncovered in recent years that refer to illegal adoptions of children from families
residing in the surrounding areas by the German hierarchy in order to deliver on
the promise of free education. Locals around the colony generally knew Colonia
Dignidad to be made up of hygienic, hard-working individuals who led a very
structured life.[10]

Atrocities[edit]
Sexual abuse[edit]
In 1996, Schäfer fled child sex abuse charges in Chile, [8] escaping arrest until 2005.
[12]
 The previous year, in his absence, a Chilean court had convicted him of child
abuse, together with 26 other cult members.[13] In 2006, he was sentenced to 20
years in prison.[14] He died in prison of a heart ailment, on 24 April 2010, at the age
of 88. At the time of his death he was still under investigation for the 1985
disappearance of mathematician Boris Weisfeiler, an American citizen who went
missing while hiking near Colonia Dignidad. [15]
Torture and murder[edit]

Families of disappeared people

The grave where the bodies of murdered detainees were buried and later exhumed from

During the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet, from 1973 to 1990, Colonia
Dignidad served as a special torture center. In 1991, Chile's National Commission
for Truth and Reconciliation concluded that a number of people apprehended by
the DINA were held at Colonia Dignidad, and that some of the colony's residents
actively helped the DINA torture some of the captives. [10] Colonia Dignidad's
involvement came to light as early as an October 1976 report from the United
Nations Ad Hoc Working Group on Chile, as referenced in a March 1977 Amnesty
International report, "Disappeared Prisoners in Chile", with the latter report
describing the evidence in this way:
Another DINA detention center described in the [U.N.] document, in which it is
alleged that experiments in torture are carried out, is Colonia Dignidad, near the
town of Parral…[4]
Prisoners being tortured in the tunnels under Colonia Dignidad were each
interrogated to gain an understanding of their personality in order to gauge the
appropriate torture technique.  These techniques led to a number of afflictions
lasting indeterminate periods of time.[11] As many as 100 of the citizens taken to
Colonia Dignidad by the DINA were murdered at the colony. [16]
Member abuse[edit]
Some defectors from the colony have portrayed it as a cult in which the leader Paul
Schäfer held the ultimate power. They claim that the residents were never allowed
to leave the colony, and that they were strictly segregated by gender. Television,
telephones and calendars were banned. Residents worked
wearing Bavarian peasant garb and sang German folk songs. Sex was banned,
with some residents forced to take drugs to reduce their desires. Drugs were also
administered as a form of sedation, mostly to young girls, but to males as well.
Severe discipline in the forms of beatings and torture was commonplace: Schäfer
insisted that discipline was spiritually enriching.[citation needed]
There are more than 1,100 desaparecidos (disappeared persons) in Chile, many
taken to the Colony where they were tortured and killed. [citation needed] One of them is a
U.S. citizen, Boris Weisfeiler, a Soviet-born mathematics professor at Pennsylvania
State University. Then 43-year-old Weisfeiler vanished while on a hiking trip near
the border between Chile and Argentina in the early part of January 1985. It is
presumed that Weisfeiler was kidnapped and taken to the Colony where he was
tortured and killed.[17] In 2012, a judge in Chile ordered the arrest of eight former
police and army officials over the kidnapping of Weisfeiler during
the Pinochet years, citing evidence from declassified US files. [18] In 2016, the case
was closed and the men were freed when a judge ruled that Weisfeiler had indeed
been abducted, but that it was only a common crime, long past the statute of
limitations, instead of a human rights violation. [19]
One of the first instances of abuse allegations was in 1966 from escapee Wolfgang
Müller, who claimed that, being only sixteen when he came to the colony, he was
forced into slave labor, received regular harsh beatings, and was molested by
Schäfer on multiple occasions.  Müller admitted to former Nazis being a part of the
colony as well.[11]
Weapons violations[edit]
In June and July 2005, Chilean police found two large illegal arms caches in or
around the colony. The first, within the colony itself, included three containers
with machine guns, automatic rifles, rocket launchers, and large quantities
of ammunition, some as many as forty years old but with evidence of recent
maintenance.[20][21] This cache was described as the largest arsenal ever found in
private hands in Chile. The second cache, outside a restaurant operated by the
colony, included rocket launchers and grenades.[citation needed]
In January 2005, former Chilean secret police operative Michael Townley, then
living in the United States under a witness-protection program, acknowledged to
agents of Interpol Chile links between DINA and Colonia Dignidad. Townley also
revealed information about Colonia Dignidad and the army's Laboratory on
Bacteriological Warfare. This last laboratory would have replaced the old DINA
laboratory at Vía Naranja de Lo Curro hill, where Townley worked with the
chemist Eugenio Berríos. Townley also gave proof of biological experiments,
related to the two aforementioned laboratories, on political prisoners at Colonia
Dignidad.[22]
Nazi ties[edit]
Both the Central Intelligence Agency and Simon Wiesenthal have presented
evidence that Josef Mengele, the infamous Nazi concentration camp doctor, known
as the "Angel of Death" for his lethal experiments on human subjects was present
at the colony.[23]
The Nazi Underground in South America was established some time before World
War Two. Juan Perón provided shelter to some escaped Nazi criminals. Nazi
sympathy in South America decreased, until Pinochet took power.[11] It was
suggested that part of the intense racism, anti-Semitism, and classism in Chile can
be attributed to Nazi presence. The high concentration of Germans in Chile shaped
the country's overall attitude towards subjects like education and military. A few of
the Germans who immigrated to Chile in the 1960s were ex-Nazis led by Paul
Schäfer.[9] Colonia Dignidad was a “Nazi stronghold protected by the Chilean
government[...].”[2]  Former members of the SS and Gestapo had the job of
demonstrating Nazi torture methods to the secret police of Chile.  Many of
Schäfer's followers who had Nazi pasts joined him to escape post-World War
Two war crime investigations.[2] The presence of Colonia Dignidad had an effect on
the general political opinion of the surrounding areas, and the government as well
because of this, considering the political ties between Colonia Dignidad and the
Chilean government.[24]

Legal proceedings[edit]
In 2004, a Chilean court convicted Schäfer and 26 other cult members of child
abuse.[13] In 2006, Schäfer was sentenced to 20 years in prison. [14]
In early 2011, Hartmutt Hopp, considered to be Schäfer's "right-hand-man" at
Colonia Dignidad, was placed under house arrest in Chile while awaiting trial for
human rights crimes.[16] In May 2011, Hopp fled Chile on board a helicopter, later
making his way to Germany.[16] In June 2016, prosecutors in Germany petitioned a
court to enforce a 5-year prison sentence that Hopp was sentenced to in absentia
in Chile.[25][26]
At the time that Hopp fled Chile, 10 other cult members were out on bail awaiting
trial on various charges. Fearing that they would also flee the country, their bail
was immediately revoked and they were taken into custody. [16]
In 2010, Chilean authorities opened an investigation into the events occurring in
the colony during the 1990s, resulting 19 months later in the Supreme Court
issuing a unanimous ruling to prosecute 16 Chilean and German members of the
colony.[27] On 28 January 2013, six former leaders of the colony were sentenced to
prison, while the remaining 10 were found guilty of lesser crimes and given
probationary sentences.[27]

Villa Baviera era[edit]

School
Laguna

Hotel

Restaurant

In 1991, the name of the settlement was changed to "Villa Baviera". [28] There is still
a colony on the site, but its current leaders insist that changes have taken place.
[citation needed]
 The colony has been modernized, residents are allowed free ingress and
egress, and some study at university.[5] As of 2019 Villa Baviera is operated as
a tourist resort.[28]

See also[edit]
 Klaus Schnellenkamp
 Colonia, a 2015 film set primarily in Colonia Dignidad.
 Hunting Hitler, season 2 episode 8 "Nazi Colony".
 The Tunnel, whose second season involves past
Colonia Dignidad crimes.
References[edit]
1. ^ de Sena, Donato (2010-12-08).  "Villa Baviera, da colonia
nazista a villaggio per turisti".  Giornalettismo  (in Italian).
Retrieved  2019-07-30.
2. ^ Jump up to:a b c Infield, Glenn, Secrets of the SS, 1981, p. 206.
3. ^ Staff writer (2013-12-15).  "The Colony: Chile's dark past
uncovered". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 2014-01-24.
4. ^ Jump up to:a b Amnesty Staff (1977-03-01).  "Disappeared
Prisoners in Chile".  Amnesty International Publications.
Retrieved  2016-04-21.  Another DINA detention center
described in the same document, ...
5. ^ Jump up to:a b Reel, Monte (2013-02-27).  "Villa Baviera: Chile's
Torture Colony Tourist Trap". Bloomberg News.
Retrieved  2016-09-05.
6. ^ Oppenheim, Marella (2018-05-02).  "Excavations at Chile
torture site offer new hope for relatives of disappeared".  The
Guardian. Retrieved  2019-07-30.
7. ^ Jump up to:a b c Branford, Becky (2005-03-11).  "Secrets of ex-
Nazi's Chilean fiefdom".  BBC News. Retrieved  2016-04-21.
8. ^ Jump up to:a b Hannaford, Alex (2016-07-03).  "What happened in
Colonia? Inside the terrifying Nazi cult that inspired Emma
Watson's new film". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved  2019-05-
28.
9. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Cassigoli, Rossana (May 2013). "Sobre la
presencia nazi en Chile". Acta Sociológica (in Spanish). 61:
157–177.  doi:10.1016/S0186-6028(13)70994-0.
10. ^ Jump up to:a b c d e f Falconer, Bruce (2008-09-01). "The Torture
Colony". The American Scholar. Retrieved 2019-05-10.
11. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Levenda, Peter (2002).  Unholy Alliance: A History
of Nazi Involvement in the Occult. London:  Bloomsbury
Academic.  ISBN  0826414095.
12. ^ Porteous, Clinton (2005-03-11). "Fugitive Chile cult leader
held". BBC News. Retrieved 2012-02-04.
13. ^ Jump up to:a b Harding, Luke (2005-03-12).  "Fugitive Nazi cult
leader arrested".  The Guardian. Retrieved  2008-04-02.
14. ^ Jump up to:a b Conway, Jane (2006-05-25). "German Cult Leader
in Chile Gets 20-Year Sentence".  Deutsche Welle.
Retrieved  2016-09-07.
15. ^ Brown, Emma (2010-04-25). "Paul Schaefer, 89, ex-Nazi
preacher jailed for abuse, dies". The Washington Post.
Retrieved  2016-09-07.
16. ^ Jump up to:a b c d Reynoso-Palley, Amanda (2011-05-25).  "Human
Rights & Law News: "Colonia Dignidad Cult's Second-In-
Command Flees Chile"".  The Santiago Times. Archived
from the original  on 2015-04-02. Retrieved  2015-02-28.
17. ^ Weisfeiler, Olga; Weisfeiler, Lev. "Professor Boris Weisfeiler
Has Been Missing in Chile since 1985". weisfeiler.com.
Retrieved  2016-04-21.
18. ^ Staff writers (2012-08-22). "Judge in Chile orders arrests over
missing US hiker". BBC News. Retrieved 21 April  2016.
 19. ^ Long, Gideon (2016-04-10).  "Missing in Chile: What
happened to Boris Weisfeiler?".  BBC News. Retrieved  2019-07-
31.
20. ^ "Arsenal encontrado en Colonia Dignidad". War2Hobby.cl (in
Spanish). 2005-06-16. Archived from  the original on 2009-09-
12. Retrieved 2019-07-31.
21. ^ Staff writers (2005-06-14). "Policía civil encontró dos
depósitos de armas en ex Colonia Dignidad". Radio
Cooperativa  (in Spanish). Retrieved  2012-02-04.
22. ^ Staff writers (2005-03-30). "Michael Townley fue interrogado
por muerte de Frei Montalva". Radio Cooperativa  (in Spanish).
Archived from the original  on 2012-07-29. Retrieved  2016-04-
21.
23. ^ Infield, Secrets, p. 207.
24. ^ Valades, Adriana; Garza Elizondo, Humberto (Summer 1992).
"Las Relaciones Políticas y Culturales Entre Alemania y
América Latina". Foro Internacional.  32  (4): 455–466 – via
JSTOR.
25. ^ Stirken, Norbert (2016-07-27).  "Sektenarzt aus Krefeld: Hopp
könnte laut Regierung Täter und Opfer zugleich
sein".  Rheinische Post  (in German). Retrieved  2016-09-05.
26. ^ Staff writers (2016-06-08). "German court asked to jail Chile
sect doctor Hartmut Hopp". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-09-05.
27. ^ Jump up to:a b Roberts, Laina (2013-01-29). "Chile Abroad: Colonia
Dignidad victims file US $120 million lawsuit against Chile".  The
Santiago Times. Archived from the original  on 2015-04-02.
Retrieved  2015-02-28.
28. ^ Jump up to:a b "Colonia Dignidad: Germany to compensate Chile
commune victims". BBC News. 18 May 2019.

Bibliography[edit]

 Infield, Glenn (1981). Secrets of the SS. New York,

NY: Stein and Day. ISBN 0812827902.

Further reading[edit]
The following citations are presented in inverse date order, newest published to
oldest. They are offered for improvement of the article, and to allow readers further
information on the subject.

 Douglas, Marcela. "Hopes and Horror. A German

community in Chile." UiT The Arctic University of
Norway, 2014. ISBN 9788282441148.
 "Tales of torture: A former member of Chile's national
intelligence agency describes some of the methods
used against political prisoners". AlJazeera.
December 15, 2013. Retrieved January 24, 2014..
The relevance of this article us uncertain.
 Levenda, Peter (Kindle ed., 2012). Ratline: Soviet
Spies, Nazi Priests, and the Disappearance of Adolf
Hitler. Ibis Press. ASIN B0081HDYQ6.
 Klaus Schnellenkamp. Geboren im Schatten der
Angst, Ich überlebte die Colonia Dignidad. München:
Herbig Verlagsbuchhandlung, 2007, 238
S., ISBN 9783776625059.
 Heller, Friedrich Paul. Lederhosen, Dutt und Giftgas:
Die Hintergründe der Colonia Dignidad. Stuttgart:
Schmetterling Verlag, 2005. ISBN 3-89657-093-5
 Vedder, Efrain & Lenz, Ingo. Weg vom Leben. Berlin:
Ullstein, 2005, ISBN 3550076134.
 "BBC NEWS - Americas - German held over 'Chile
torture'". bbc.co.uk. 27 December 2005. Retrieved 21
April 2016.
 "BBC NEWS - Americas - Chile officials take over
colony". bbc.co.uk. 27 August 2005. Retrieved 21
April 2016.
 "Chile discovers weapons cache on cult
grounds". The New Zealand Herald. 16 June 2005.
Retrieved 21 April 2016.
 "BBC NEWS - Americas - Fugitive Chile cult leader
held". bbc.co.uk. 11 March 2005. Retrieved 21
April 2016.
 Peter Kornbluth, The Pinochet File: A Declassified
Dossier on Atrocity and Accountability, Boris
Weisfeiler, pp. 7 e.a. New York: The New Press,
2003, ISBN 9781595589958.
 Gero Gemballa: Colonia Dignidad. Ein Reporter auf
den Spuren eines deutschen Skandals. Frankfurt/New
York: Campus-Verlag, 1998, 213
S., ISBN 3593359227.
 Levenda, Peter (1995). Unholy Alliance: History of the
Nazi Involvement With the Occult, 1st edn., Avon
Books. ISBN 0380777223. See also 2nd ed., 2002,
Continuum International Publishing
Group. ISBN 0826414095.
 Friedrich Paul Heller. Colonia Dignidad. Von der
Psychosekte zum Folterlager. Stuttgart: Schmetterling
Verlag, 1993, ISBN 392636999X.
 Gero Gemballa. Colonia Dignidad: ein deutsches
Lager in Chile. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt, 1988.
173 S., ISBN 3499124157.
  John Dinges y Saul Landau. Asesinato en
Washington, Pantheon 1980, Planeta 1990 (sobre el
caso Letelier).
 Álvaro Rojas. El secreto de Colonia Dignidad.[full citation needed]

External links[edit]
 Official site of current Villa Baviera colony.
 Official site of the film, Colonia.
97-2

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ntities: lccn-n95053284
Categories: 
 Child sexual abuse in Chile
 Communes
 Far-right politics in Chile
 Internment camps
 Nazis in South America
 Operation Condor
 Populated places established in 1961
 Populated places in Linares Province
 Sects
 Torture in Chile
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