oll ali - lyilSyoll Aig Twkro duction s= Rann ¥ The mechanics *S a branch of physical science Yat deals with bodies Cither af rest or in motion... ¥ afluid is asubstlance arhose molecules move Freely past each other. - fluid Mechanics deals with Fluid [eaguuds 2 gasses | ees atrest or im motion, note thats Fluid also substance Jha} will Contmnucush deform ; thets flow uncler the acon of shear sbress- ¥ diguids 9 gaseste daguids pel Gosses Abfer because of fores between molecules . | ATTibste Solid dgud Tg Wpical gece =) o - "Yi Sula isabon| Oe =o oe | Le | —— | Macro scepic| solid “hold hel degud dopey Molecules move! description | Shape, no need | flow exen ther | Oround freely | for Sede strong inter.) ith Witte ter | | | mole cular forces | Ackien. | —__{|__-__} | molecular | Small; Salt SPAcing | moleates are | mokcules ove ow ge Close 4o held Close oper togethennDimensions Q units e Basic Units + Cogmbel) ST“ tu it’ Bs “British” Mass M Kilogrn (4g) ae Jeagth meter (mm) fe Time T second (5) seond (5) Tempreature = Weelyin CK) ¥ Flectvic current | cunpere (I) Amount of dight c Candela” Amounbe mother Al moles (ST Ji oles CR ew => The Grid Methools Becaye Fluicl Mechomies tnvelves eae complex eduatwns , Qwrying and canceling units iS help ful « ‘ ans Clample? g = a8! ls? aS £4 /s* Ae => Fl my 321% 1/97 a * ey. = looo He cone slag | PP => Iooo Kg y | slg (03048 } : m7 Ye key ie = bau sluglt sRiow? a 2 NBN iF at db i) CE- Ce Shashi ahs ¢ (sons / Unb dsb) ALGO hes 23 it wo (Sw ot Go) $541 meat ¢ N Wiad ost oF UL 4) 6jeodanfll alii - lyilSyoll Ail / Plurol Properties Chapter I Powwow + aflaid has acertain characterises by which its Phy sicat conolifions may be describedl - -- () mass density ¢ (CP) tdefineol as the rate of mass + Volume oF acertoin point » f= mes = Dow] 2 4 ( 4) Volume [rralune] > Malus of (P) Con be found tabulate © text beok. @ Specific weights (W) : defned as The gewvitational force per Omit oslume of Pluiol . Y= Meheight _ Coheg ht) 2 AM (4/) Volume Larolume] He = mass eg ow rokme yd Png G specific Crary : “Relative dleasity” —> defined as the ratio of the specific wheig) of agiven Fluid to Yhe specific wheiqt of water @ arefrence Tewp. (4 t ) S$: @2 S = News = Sawd Su,0 Frocter®@ Toleat 925 low. “equation of state”? PY =n Rut Mt number of moles > eee PY¥ = mass Per + Rut Universal 923 constant ————= By = S34 uy Molar mass ——— Kroes PM 2 massa Ry pT #7: Temp. ( Retvin) UE Oita (By ut ¢ ayy pb Cade OV (Rule FS). ( Raldn) 595 oP > (Re Hom has oe Bee" jul at ENG VON CRS 4 iB WW aN@ © specific Heat Ce): = abblity af fluc to shore Hermal onorgy: - amour of Heal required 40 raise Yee Temp. of unit mass by degrees @ const. Pressure @ enc} volume. - ce = => for diguidss cpecyec 3 doe gasses: Cp # Cy SPecific Heat Rati - = ° Ch) = 2 lee, Tisteres| energy: (U) - the energy Phat subs tance poss- €58€S becaus of the stote of the molecular activity in the substan te Boh Sob JW ie pe ‘A sy) Cay cy Boda ge eltolla alu) - elise Aial + Mote Watt Energy spohential energy gotonic shuctore (fnternal } i energy, @ Enthalpy CH) + the combination (U4 PIP) TS encount- -ered Frequently. im equation for Yrermo— —dynomics , HeU+ p¥ snoter Lathalpy 2 Internal energy are afunchons uf Jexpreobe PF pressure - ut for gasses th afunctivm of tenpreatwre only 1 erhensive + which depend on mote # eas note? Properties ave << > NFU Be, pie ma Lntentive t which Lelependent A was > TPP nea * extensive prop. dliviolect by mass aind ; eh 1 GIVE US a specific Propor Lies es Us UL mm YU Cspecific Internal en.) vote 2 amy Ratio: belween two extensive Properties * give us am Intensive one We mass &~ So; P is an Intensive Melame a 2 erdensive exhensiveyOlLulll alzilil - ElilSigll Aial a g.yr - ability ef dluid Jo resist © Viscosity ¢ Po deformation (Plow) umeler ZT Sheor stresses; ids olePeno! a on mater. SSS moving plete. f -. ‘ d& Os xu yi bed od pov 5s = eb yh Ve) sh ahi ce saya sl? (Ly Waco gel Neutlow gonad Poe Viscosity 7s), 210 je SOON w Hea) oi df arte SOY et at Pa OF (eA) ae ‘ (eres Voz u @ trelocity Variation Curve, Camot ee be dangented to the Soli howd, Gs because ¢ , oes : : 5 Aie-shp encton Te 00. sig is Westies By oes iults 2 s decreases with dishance a he wall , ( at increses ) UW, = 2299 Ug @ Ahis @ Fluicl @ the wall Wore welocity Point, the corresponding (4) like the soliol Dounclary called KBoundewy leeyeor Phicknes Meutovion fluids: flaicls for which Whe sheer stress ts ers, rect dhirecHy poporlional to the rate of sham Wi 7 CW cee tad Co Rey cit Uy cadet y for Which the sheur stress Paints, booth pasle, calup Wek be divechly proporerel $e the eg . vale of Strain. + 2 Hin-newtonion Plaids + Plaids => NMetonian => Non-Heuherion + Classification uf Viscosity + Aramie absolute) Kimemitic ; A (pas ) Pg ( ls) + effect an temPreature wn Wiscosity s w) + Ber diquids:- wriscosity is dectony Na a with Ineveasing in (T), Cause’ gi LS © f Anis increasing the attvactite ———- oe Force between molecules is | decreasing. Tee WI 6F do 5) teal ee+ B4, for gases vs scosity. Vs \mereasiny wth increasing Vv Fr), this couse of \ncreusing ef movable mclecsles enol collis Wig ce orth SEAT? “aM Bn 8 aoa ae # Viscosity equations ¢ a 15) wherer# Cy bp are constants > dor figivalss /-. Ce Fabulated @ fev} best 312 * T+ Temp CH) > for goser: # (ZL) (BH PY, To T +5 + triscosid * this equation also aalleds pg iscosidy £ Tin Kelvin , Sutheel omel epuaton” 2 guiher lend cov stent WN ca) ead (Marcle oot 2 2A) 206 QTD Proplems 2-24) ¢ Phe Kinemedic viscosity of methome @ Ws &) QD atmesphric pressure is (1-54 x10" ws) Using Sutherland eguation, amcl Ideal gas pow find the inemebic viscosity @ (200%) % DQ atm. pressure!) 2 ($=s9¥¥) 4 p a= Be Hf pp aR = 2-4 el = 2-35 cite re in Bhis ban *Del eee ae 2 aa aH % Sobutign > PA (ab S10?olla alu) - elise Aial Problem 2.232 the Ayname viscosity of a @ (\S"C) Ts (1-F@ 210" Mes [m2) , finol the viscosity @ loo 21 (= \WFBHO Wo /igt, Tee Sty ad ‘vee -(=} SEE] 5 subsheeee = x - te [Se] La ]> eo deren 7 uu = QAS*\O We Problem 2-32 Pad the kinmelic anol tre dynomnc viscosity aunt Of air QD water of atenP of 40% als absolute pressure of 170 KPa ASobufion s [ Crom Table AB thee # Va elOS WSL?) fadeee 6B 3S Hort 7 Peers <2 vo/r3 | ah og 2 (70x10 rd \w to’ Ws /? fuer ee ee oy we 4 = \ into = \ON elo” 75 Fie [Mio \s1d Qu Preble 235 The welocily distribukien fr the flow of @ Blok [Me 393210 y-s JnP) between Two walls a> Shown js given by us loog (ot -¥) mls , feeds plot the velocity distnbuten anol oleterwine (VU) ¥ orude o » Soffion® U= 109 - loo y 7 w =\0- Rey cele SS a i: esac = = jos de | = -\03! Mo tee te A se © = BBIMOTNO = Or03EFM, a * a5 2 383410 RO = -O/03T3 A@ Bulk modulas of elasticily ge (ee) ARAKI nee the Bulk moculus of elashicidy ts property rot yelates on Pressuve lo Chowng & im Volume C exPansien or contraction) pale as eS dp . ee Pe alan 13 We “oes0 Maeght sd), sgh ee (dv/v) 3 “ a W2- GBs We i AE ¥ accoraling to this Property seo 7aWwWoO Ape > WV® WZ Oa 26 U8)? We con conclucle thoedge + Incompressibles busiy Se She + Compressible: budw we sLe OY Ey Re USM derlo WIE Buhich cayesphos +e 0-05 % Change in volume s 55 te con Aisdmei} os “Treonpressite PeeMyt ai We ko ge aN pe ST ad ge Ui bode Problems The Bulle meclulus od elasticity oF thy! alcohol) is q 06410 pa, Ly water ibis 215 410° P,, Which of Hhese ligitcls easier to compress, why Z|! Sol for L Lepage roe 1O Ra. Eye 205 mot} fae ¥ E= ~at » 7 Po Aides W ale 28.09 Sa hG bite! we (she Ub ize dea, W alle Sp Ld sv 3«lM allo 29 Wale) or" eevbeadls Si eee MIDS 2 II 2 £ ant £+ Sur face tension ¢ © C519 ma) ¢ ‘NFAY material property whereby aligird ot amateral interPace ererts aforce per unit Jeagth along the Surface 6 = E( ¥ Sutface Jeasion is invershy re, Proportional with temo TH -6y + Gapillary rise g + Walues ©§ surface tention anna, tabulated @ ferk book > FiSe above « eveastatic walen surface at adoaiplate: pressure: PEA rohit pho ys rr wr ede @: cntad ang le: angle belweon Yne Viguid amok soliel doundery, 6 dao: liguicl wel surface @ >A: liguidl vot-web surface F cos® Be equiv 3Fy 0.0 ‘ Kd € cos6- (BRd*h\¥ =0-0 uheight = ¥ 4 h- 4S Gs6 Bal (HA) beh & Curhrce tom) of yee 25 (Fe) 15) ®, a= - I bap bab ae iL deo BY ot BL YA i200 wishywaler droplets. Ce * Soap Bubble: lass Foe 1S Ved Fe bie * Problem 2-522 water column ing measure the pressure in PIPE , the ube \5 ; dlicmetfer, how wach 4§ Ine water coloumn is due to surface tension efects 7 — rslilens — UE so Coord, LO= 70 Mm le Be iv he ye FAO? a = C-0049bl reo * 0-006 ¥ Problem 251 tawaler bug is susparded eon tre surface of abend by surface tension (water doesn’t wet re bey) The buy has Six degs anol each deg Is contack with he water wwver alength of Simm , Calaulate Phe maptiniimen mass of the bug fo avid! sinking! tSeldlon: Noply Elo +2 pe ing core AsKS PMD 2 Blt = Eee mee LC beGC] = 2eEL ESI piheyyh Udinns — 2 ID Corot 3k o-oo )LomomEaT “Seper Pfr > wieghtB = mg : m-£T > 00058 =¥ Vapor Pressures The Pressure at which aliguiol will ei Vaporize , orboil a4} agiven tompreature- AN S0 hat Sal Wed) | So Las dj Woh) it GW UB ye SN 7y> cobs wf rie (Nopor press dn oe Mery WM St gp Po(@vibabin 5 20 SIO ZV oye &us y sod ier Je jo tele dyoh pe thes pe ee 0 dy, h Lep ane pressures = lol-325 KPa a = Homm HG tac ot pa abs Be codon Kea alos =10-3m Wyo Aosoluke Z0ro (adsolle cefemee) \ P> oabs.* Hydeaklic machines: these machines uses Components Suchas 7 Pistons , pumps Hoses +o transmit Forces amc energy Using Fluids; hese machines are applied for forklift track, power steering system air Plame cmbrol systons—~ eke. + Hydraulic machines Provicle + mechomical aclromtage”, + Pascalsfow ; “ the pressure applicol to an enclosed curd continves bedy of Pluid is transmidted Urdiminished +o every portion of tat fluid ono! to the walls ef Containing vessel.” . 26 SE Alle 49 2 por ya ce nye OI de Ll aah ai Gv 100 Waowidshr 22 25 eli yA sel GSA CT SN ey oie Ny GN “Mechanical adv." es ~LSeNELy TDG Ta tetonpler Fr 2 rm Ay Ag , Mechonical” Fo A ‘acWvombage uy 1 Fy rae _ . i & (A) AVF 2) (Bynes esa Abbe : fy eyomple? Hy dalle Fok hes alinensions shown, 1? one exerts | Fp Boree of 100.4 (F) on the hanolle of he yack what load (R) con the Jack support, Cheglect le 3M.-0 height) oo ¥0-33)- E, ¥ 0-03) = © 2 fi - tee 6 ee __ = 6729 (ra A Ecs ye)" f CMI m?) Sy. fy = AaB = bazatste 0B (5)? =|[12-22 KN cllLazell vgolla alu) - elise Aial % Pressure qranation with elevations Nas heave behas EUG Soke) ai ws ou sley 22° (Clemmt) i gas ede pro NUE oe + for eguil briums. Any Rw cose 3A =0-0 PAA - (PDP) AR - Aw sink =O POK- pSK—span = % WK AA AZ ~ 0 AL Hyclrestatic dif ferential equation + this equation shows that, the Pressure changes olue Jo elevation «IP the elevation a lt the elevation (2) Aecveases —y pressure Tnereates C2) Therenses 5 pressure Decreases howmeicle) 45 36 Male iidalis 6 yA G BEY GE Seah Ihe eSiible) fh ab ys “gs pv Sach UX) 08 od on (Compressible) fel AEN Toe oy ee oa 2B Conte = Ah Gaye (EK Jas aby HE UA) ol ye cen ee P+¥2 2 ps CEN _ —B: piezonetric preture ~% pe eee Si Nevalion * Pine he piezometric Henol anrerer 7" aa Piczometeic pressure) 2\ (Piezome tig) Smee+ Notes about plezomedne pressure (P) Qpiezonelric head H) g. Se ety acai enter tl nase oe oy 1h, 5d BL Gh ah OA ugh WOE & oil Sb) AAV ZEEE UU bod, Ub 2 bal aA BBV AV EY ( piezometric. heut) Sy rae y\ od oS ca § BI Ud sin Aioy He =Ha= Hg = Piezomedyic Head ELLA ga Hy = Hee Hy = piezonetric Head Polytechnic He A Hg ¢ water se y4ae) V83Us 8 Ga Ge SN ob- ‘ 2 ag aot g CO re ayer ii Gece ee es NOM 6 BOY (HY a Vues FAL cay (EA 2 ys CWamples what ty the pressure @ abepth of (10 m) in the tem |e Shown; SA 0 e009 H, elevation = 65 mL O Pi = Zero (gage) (oR*atm ) : fis, = fiz - O+65 = Pr 435 Alo BOM eleradions p ae Sarater® 4 = ABI lepa (gage) aon (Zero gage) “ne shy eal 258K APA (gage presure 5 AEE), eYomples for the Tank Shown, delermine the pressure at the T — ‘poten! A F122 humo on =f ° Siz Se 9Bie1O-E WB) = B= 063 KPo CHwin/, why 1421) oil ater p - = =. Zee oF = ee Kea asd ital Polytechnic +2ppollafll alaijll - ulyiSaoll Ail @ pressure vowiatien in tos phere ( Toposphere Zstrabsphee) AAA RR AAA RANA nn UAARAAAAACAMANAAK re EP MeD O Tope sphere , @ stredo sphere ¢ a aT; lapse rate (0) Be (OA v o\A\ 22 GE dae @ (Li vf (a2 6-84 ) peo } i¢ shale. | (Aeopo...) Hb 3 Wes 5 Treposphere + * ie at coe . “Wepe- ? ; a ¢! ie 0 Sea leve| Ps 13°F Km ° aoe eee Ss + strato spheres -80 -60-40 -20 0. go Ho Trepo ae Tapreohure, € repo sphere “°, 50 Km (I sep 55 99,2) 148) + dor Tepospheres * T= T+ & (4-20) oe oh + Pe p, [He-te ae © Te ve dew prim of shebspwer 4 pp 6°”) ts RF ples das LNG) 0 de any Problem 3-H6sthe boiling point of water decreases with elevation because +he pressure Changes, what iS the boiling Point of water atan elevation ef 2000™ © Stadard! confilies (296k = a4 => A=W) ay be wile pee oh LE bierg a= AA adel CBN (Pyggg.) Bi el Le Wg OM 346 74> 2H Tnterpolatind’ OY *9-31 et =f [ease QR 43\_ P] = tog (26-68 ae) OER 296 bx Wir olodwerd Yea « ooo m Lo UA od Ye SA Sse), 708 Se wer WB ey 61, 592 309 5 d Table AS dh Sable Povo m T= 40°C —-» p= Fo-l kea T= 72% + p= Bo-03 KOs Te lode ——> P= lo\-3 KPa T= 9ots (Bestar + (o%) (lol-3- 70-1) + Problem F-4Bs assume that awoman must breathe aconsdamt mass rate of air fo maintain Wer metabolic proces, If she inhales ond exalts \6 Himes/min ct S€a level where the tempreature is (28 ky ai aienere a caetieraj cise Toeamicane: tare @ soos te bet iM Al = bs] Cyr ) (cos gaeses b BOW A GATE Sea bevel b= b, 4 a 5 oe = Th)=1 8 Jaa be b C* (B®) co) bats [ eb saziteeme , 288 by = 28°32 breath /minjeodanfll alii - lyilSyoll Ail / - gH re cn05? * hy o@3, Nes See Wd iS co FAS HLM By SoA Bh - Joh oe T=T. -X(z-2) OH, P =P, = eons } bly ap -eliip Ade UI) 050 26 VAC topo.) mp E GV Us 8 eB Oss) (Tralza) xiv (mB) get + P =P [testemacers 0% Te icy" Sy es Py Te . VW AW gee gh ZV + Problem 3-51 am airplane is Flying @ lo Km altitude in a US, Stordard atin IP the internal pressure of the air craft interior iS 109 Kea, what iS the cndwerd Porce on amindow - trewindow is Aak and hag om elliptical shope with legis 300 me along Hoe major afis crcl 200mm aleng tre mince axis {{ a Solution ¢ P glxR = To - A(2-Ze! weg = Pe if Eaaeas] aa = 101-3 kp [ Aecberee coms) | Bae 2% =|24.97 KPa SRW wis a) 02 oD : ak = (loos2747) Kab 216 ne —- pe snl) UN) SM ay, Vaal Fogo has’ oe la P eee 2 1 LOLS See) SEP Gately EN MN Yee Py + Shy -&h, = Q0 NI eh Sh uss ghee de 554 payith a I h (wonomabers) 3 iid Jyh 0 JIN Yio I PEAY blah Sh aos Vee WA b ga BO, VB BN od ot & HK WY Nip Gah ANS Yb doy Hee Problem 3-31! Determine Pressure @ A Cpipe center] (Gex.- Heccurg =13-55)¥ 9810 pre wa fy + (0-4 #9810) — (0-054 13-55 #98l0) =o me FG, = 2722-2 Pa example + Dedernine pressure @ A (pipe center) (Soom 138) Y= Who water P, 4 (0-54 WBl0) — (0-24 13-55429) 4 (0-24 0-84 q8fo) ~ (0-3 40-8 4 WIS) =0 she | 05 | wate: va asx problem 3-30 t And the pressure @ the center of pipe (A) 7! Px = (1-54 4810) + (V¥r0B20800) = (0-6 13-65 2 lo) — Cod # lo) =o R= 841924 Pa FP core ne Sed) pd et aoe yg es Jue oe Geese whak is the pressuve@ A 7? + (06 £loyle) + (0-18 20416) ~ (03 #204(0) 20 [Pa= = lee Pal (Tnelined) G2 4) 120 we Whe yd Deal) EW, by bee Cs Neh GA oi 0 5250 d PAG guid S20 kn [mi Persia ore . 5 «cronbles 3102 ©5406 2 0- 3m as shown, amar space above along jube pir spa 18 Pressurized to 50 KPa Kea Waccum , water From reservoir Bills the Jobe to height (h),, if the presure y chonged to 25 KPa waccum, will h increase ov glecrease 7? Pothtuo = , @P-bokpa => h= Sos - Bel m agi, = => Wz 2tle - 255m @p2-28 R= Beerenple : for He dete shoun, fed the elorition of point ®) — R_ ee ye 0-197 bar 2566" | Air = o-lqzsld Pa TE HAERTT Plued (S-G@= |-6) EGE soe, 2 Ut WL, (2) deeds gut Ul ook GA ued - 2das ~Le Fa Soin (36-6 = 32-3) + ¥pigg (32-38-25) H¥, C41 2y] = Pq r Ph = 0-224 ¥ Bug = -2°224413-554 ABlO = - 30/4347 KPg Pp = 0-19 bor = 0-19 710" Pa 2630/4498 10 £ 0-3 (36-6-32-3) + Wlo# lb (32-3-Z4)- QBlo (34) -Z¢] = 0-117 ¥ 0% #10 ph & 26-5148 mm | 6p Rd) SVP aBe ELD nt SAVE MW bas Boal) Sub Bale eon Taw : 3 WF xe pao, bemoe mtyrdy Gy GF rool si ¥* Foret om plore surfaces (Pavel) te A 2 Ft ae? 65 WBde aly 65H RO) do 2 Ge p22 OP & (coater of pressure ) 76%, 010 «> ( Panel )h Ges -Pi de + plone surface Cpame's flat surface of arbitory shape, with the descriplion sf she presure at all points along along asurface Called pressure distribution « conter of pressare Uniform pressure S distibukon Hy dros atic pressure di stibuciern Cdineow distribution + Magnitude of Rasultont Wydrosehe Prete ie yueh@ p= %ysind WSBT) wl 7> Nasr eas he at Fe fpan=\Bysnada Home dl oviel 0 @ A A nA 2 UNE 22 F -bysinaf yd avn) jal wii Se a Wcalwh 2 ge = % q A sink ato , 23h Fadi so Ga Buy bao as ASU ped) SBN Fa8 YAsind %: speck ge AE Area ef gae BMA Top dh hd che ie ante Feasts Angle oth sordace to center or izewtaa|Spel cos 5504, ay) AV wee (eg) Tes pe oe «Ad (conrvoid ) cade i SU ee su, & ne Ney FRES GLA Sink 109A (Fe) 7hed va Quel (Ge) dbdeo -< Hor Ger Be WHE BV UG os Weg) PI de gle nec ut Bil Jepan dt Bet Yep “i808 Hos al FAs Cad (Hemet oP Trortia h) ) av # Ap od : [= bh be 56 ik D" €kawnPle 3-10 t ow elliplical gate covers the end of a pe Umin TN dlemeter, if she gate is hinged at the 49P, Ghat norral 2) force required 4 open the gate when water is Sm deep above the +op of the pipe, Aleglect the weight of the gate I! Ges RS + 8205 37) oe - = Pla dork We pe ence ike lom oe a ic 1253 + of. ne \BY-14 R625 - Daas Bot 8 /| we i |g 4 ‘ : rt xa ry PAYG a obe ad i. eevee me gnds beakyOlLulll alzilil - ElilSigll Aial x problem 3-582 a5 shown, oxound Viewing Window (Diometers of m) ~ is situated in alarge tank, of Sto. wader ( § Ge 1.03) Final the hydrostatic force and locate jf line of action! Selahens Gosink eh = \-24 (28 sin go) (oA ge7h) 21+ 546m Ge He 8 1-486 m Sin 60 Fas xX yg A sink = (1-030 910d # (1-546) #( E83) = F849 KN 4 Sep = Yo + ZL . 1-796 4 Kiet i f.303m Sk HAF BEE (oa) Le . ape ye 2 ve jostle Wy hh YEUF (T, sink zai Gob « WMA Tp By Aer tly BAP EY Lae tat ole bt + Problem 3-622 The gate shown is Tectomg.uleir ancl has dimensions (Gm by Hm), what Is He reaction © point A2 ab Gcos 36 = forgo, 3+ 3 = 6.464m (05 30” Fa= 8 yA sind “on Fr = 18104 5-59R16#4) = 1-319 MY 3 Yeo = Yet Lex 6-ysu+ Saf P KA S464 4604 = 6-928 m ee > Byrd) - (1318910 2536) <0 aid i cn www.muslimengineer.net Potyechnc# Hy dvo static forces on curved surfaces? [pee Sree CONES GIT OUR YE a Sur eaceS TY) O54 BUN aN we Zea 0 4 ON oy Le) allie Wal _Yble owe! andane SPA We wi Jeedls Fed dsb Tas pat Lea) oh Goures> WLI Revi zontod Projection Au Av =Ah Sink dap =A A C5 h + analysis dF, = dF sink dav =% Yd A Sin = bydby Fy = J ¥y ody Fy = 8 Wy bv -§, - tv Yip = dv an + Wy 2 centroid of Av avi rhe --- 62st, GF! Vevhical Prosection Ay enor —— iad element from awve Lon dFy = dF cosk diy = Syldd cosh = eat Fy =f vay Fy = SF (weight) cealrordel moment of Tnerkia doy Ay Vertical Component (projection) ovenpOlla fl ali - cWilSigll Aiat * evomple 3M t surface AB is acircular arc with radius of (2m teh! Lm into the Paper), find the magniludle amol line Sf action of Jhe hyde - Static force acting om AB t + Worizmfal Projections GSlo# 5 x(2el) = 18-1 KEN = 54 ee = 5-069m 5929) + Vertical projection t (ani i} Samet) A= 8M= aBior Bs wiadh = Blot g(a 1 30-9 kw 2 Volume = oN ASlok 4a2¥1 = 78-5 KW oT = 30-8478:5 = 109-3 kw . 7h Her Fy = Fos Yop, + Fa Hepp > Yop= WSL + SB tome total eae ain) “h j 1 | oe Magriladet 7 = et a Tr \-0bt an Fy = 48-1 KY Fam fh = 104-3. 2 \ ty u 93-1 2 EUS Fa [aero = G9 Fz 104-3 WW* Bug eney and sJ ability wh, A, - ‘hh =e 7 Batoganey : + Buro yout frees upwarol force that is produced on abody thatis totally or parkaly Suomeged in a fluid when the Plas! 1S in ag rowity Frelel- BW 3h) 85 Gp woboke 2 Sys Why oy 28h COPD BF MN ge cw Se + Buoyant free equation: \wonvbob bs 20 Aly © adh ddd oo (Oe wy Ge beav velo bane) oe A ad Hy A tin) od 3 Hi A GN BAN aaa ie 21 1 (Oe Aidss pl Nolune off L Volume of Liguid above -the body bedy we dre dM fas Blew Boy Bown = ¥ Va => Fis = ip Gn = o6)- ¥¥_ = XM yee Ss gee oe an 220 555 8 63) DAP Wer? 08 1 he ty LA ww 6) yr? 12, Fan thy BV i ate ls sie HE) * and Xe gi www.muslimengineer.net robytechec=v cee t weight af phe clisplacemest colume ancl i+ lineot action Passes throygh the coatroid of the dis placed! volume in He upword direchom ( GuyaBX sini) where s Fa: independent ef the Clistomce From Ye surface as well as the density of Pre submegedl body! bar edy by (oh sD) yA aaw de Sas pon) sell 38 IN dor Solids? Gy center of gravity center Gan. Q_ oFy = 0-0 | & = | | Fg-weere > Fa Ls Solid = 6-9 Wood * Fan fe = 6 =X% wale fad Nvaped Sold on Sued _Mewbneged 2 AL _ Sua Vyotal u Specitic grog + for diguids + we mag use “Hydrometer; which is asinple dence that may be used to measure (speritie grovily) of afluid wie, oe i wp fda ve Mad ? % Bd’ raz) *, oil 2% yo Rd* Zo = Bo) Ka’ a a = specific grovity = Zo _ Zot DEjeodanfll alii - lyilSyoll Ail / Stability ¢ VF ye ye a if S Jab ‘al Boe tee Unstable It Plaatng body (£4, 4 Ay) @ | Lt saspended body ( Fody = Spied) Plaid 3+ sinking bo dy ( Jooay > Fevud) + Slabilily of Immerse ( » 92) Q Fleding ( Sb) bodies depmds on the yelative posikon af center of gravity @) omel center off buoyancy COB) pos RY | $55 di at eI ate gq7" oY \he Ceslabley HAHA ( Noubwaly doe ai (sable y AP amt HE WV ( fe Tnmersed bodhese ( Nae aAhy : I+ (@) belw Cc), 50 stable cause Heary bottom body 2+ (CG) 9 (c) at same posihion, So Nekural 3: C) below C@), So unstable: IW EE (@) eVul> oi 131 “Yate ash oh ay kobe” BH CEG) AC) Av WN gle 3 bist edt als (Qoab FE WF es @IESY Te 61 Fae sh call asf meme® for floating Bodies [f 7 q ¥ ia Fe a2 Mt Melacenter pointe pomt ef’ (nker— secon of lines of action (fr Fe) before and after rola tion || > GN: Helaceater Height Mg G oeue GM Fes Stable (M aboreG) * Restoring Momont + Pleading Bodies: 4 Similew to case OLD of Jmmersed lo odes buts case 3: If GM CO: slable (M above G) IP GCM GO: unsheble CM below &) GM = i —~ CG wheret Vsubnoged se SA ich oF pa Se wot CGY pa PA pd? Ys ee al all we Subm tug | vataaies www. muslimengineer.actjeodanfll alii - lyilSyoll Ail / #Ploblan 3-10F2 is the block shown, Stable 7! pb 2 Sib shy + r- aH aw 2H? (longitudinal os) Toe 2 GW 2 ys" Crowes ais) Ieiteyes a 4 = 2a eHats 6H Subneged = EXE], So unstable Ctoagitudinl of) Check @ promverse axis! GY = 45H" 2H © Neural => unstable ou 4 Sos Umshable bh # Problen 3-qz: To what depth of wi U this reclomgulae block ae og Float inthe tuo. : diguid reservoir ? Sfy20 ad Fg-W=o ~ (Lu, rH x ysl (BU L085 y-6 YeblO7L d=ytl= [d= ZL} eli mall om /groups/mid.group ng www.muslimengineer.netLah oni rei GP Jolie 4 bp) LC GP a Aioade + . I > dep =e * ah ag. ee # \ (oa TLS Sa a3 GV AUP ah gy 17 + Pfoblow 3-93 delernine the mixinam volme of concrete (Kz 23-6 kW/m) nede to keep the gate (im wide) in aclosed Posikon 277 submerged ca Concrete ‘block 2M =o 2 T4235) — Fei la-r39=0 Hinge Nowse Tr =e 5-258 6 Ye = XA Yast eo soe 2.BI3¥lo" m= 0.3913 (Hjdeslalic ree) at, ( Beyaney ) sab eres ee eee =. ead 2 Ani bed + NGL Zor do &+ -ametal powt (2) is hanging by athin cord from afloating wood block Ci], the wood block hes aspecific gravity (S,~0-3) amd dimensions of (50X50 Xlo)mm, the metal Port has avolume € (6600 mm) , Find the mass (mg) of the meal Part cmd the forsion on the Cord? ?| > For wood block (1) + Fay Tw T+, = T teh) SM, HO shbmerged oe Tal -4 - Q8lo x (Sot50kF5)¥10- = T 4 ABlovo-2¥ (50¥50 #10) 410" T= ooze w| yee ~> for metal block (2): Tv Fp Wa T+ Fp = Wy -4 W, = 0-1036+ lo # b6008l0 olF5 = lo. b1985 c 9-81 =| IFS G ei ~com/groups/mid.group. www. muslimengineer.act