Each of the layers always incorporate the plan for various time horizons such as layers of

business planning that determine the planning which the operators have to perform for ensuring

that the networks will be performing as needed for the intended life span (Ceselli, Premoli &

Secci, 2017). The maintenance and operations layers but it examines the procedure of running

the network on daily basis. The procedure of network planning starts with the acquisitions of the

data and information those external. It is including:

 Forecasting of how the new services and networks will operate.

 The costing of economic information concerning.

 The technical type of information and details of the capabilities of the networks.

The network designing of the new network or new services are involving the implementation of

the new types of systems among the 4 layers of the OSI reference models. There are basically

three steps in network designing, they are as follows:

Topological design:

This step of designing involves to determine where the components will be placed as well

as how they will be connected. The optimization methodologies which will be utilized in this

step come from the graph theory method. This technique also involves the determination the

costing of transmission as well as the costing of the switching.

Network synthesis:

This step is involving the determination of the sizes of the components that will be

utilized subject to the criteria of performance like grade of services. The technique that will be

utilized is called as Non Linear Optimization as well as it also involves the determination of the
required GoS, topology and costing of transmission as well as by utilizing the information for

calculating the size, a routing as well as the size of the components.

Network realization:

This is the last step of network planning. This step is involving how the capacity of the

requirements will be met as well as this stage ensures the reliability of the network (Tofighi,

Torabi & Mansouri, 2016). This methodology that is utilized in the stage is known as

Multicommodity Flow Optimization as well as this stage also involves the determination of all

the information and data relating on demand the costing as well as the reliability then by utilizing

those information for calculating the circuit plan which is physical.

At the procedure of the network designing and planning, the estimated will be made on

the basis traffic load and traffic intensity which the network will support.