Abstract

Abstract
The System presents the design and implementation of an Wi-Fi based intelligent automated
system for conserving electrical energy using a ESP8266 development board, which can be used
in large organizations like a University or an office. The proposed system works on automation,
so that the electrical devices and switches can be remotely controlled and monitored without any
human intervention. It uses the available infrastructure in a classroom that includes surveillance
camera and Wi-Fi connectivity so as to minimize the cost criteria. It is monitored and controlled
remotely from a web server located at the control room using the Internet or the Intranet
connectivity. The proposed outcome of the project aims as multiple benefits, saving on
electricity bills of the University or any other organization it is deployed in, eliminating human
involvement and manpower which is often required to manually toggle the lights and electrical
device on/off, and last but most importantly, conserve the precious natural resources by reducing
electrical energy consumption.
Keywords- Internet of thing (loT), Power consumption smart devices, Home automation.
Chapter 1
Introduction
1.1 Introduction
Communication of the devices connected to an internet enabled network constitutes what is
called 'Internet of Things'. The activity of sensing, communicating, networking and producing
new information are the basic key features of Internet of Things(loT). It is the state of ever-
growing network of physical objects which features internet connectivity over IP address, and
the communication that occurs between these objects and other network connected devices and
systems.
The Internet of Things conceptually embodies intelligent visions of automating the day to day
activities. Ideally, loT will optimize our future routines with intelligent and robust systems that
will make our life not only easily but also fast based upon our preferences and priorities like
morning alarms, coffee timing, medicine uptake etc. Its vast applications will make our travel
arrangements intelligently, by giving frequent updates on- minute and weather data. Our
workflows will be smooth and refined, tasks will be prioritized based upon what is happening
throughout our organization. It will help us maintain our appliances and vehicles, by notifying us
about their maintenance and cleaning or - in the case of our lighting controls - automatic
shutdown (based upon the usage and real time presence). It will enable our vehicles to
communicate with other vehicles so as to maintain proper synchronization of traffic and tracking
solutions. It will regulate our heaters, AC, and other home appliances and devices, to
intelligently take decisions as we enter and exit rooms and based upon our usage level.
In short, loT has the power to meet our every need before we even need realize what we want
and will need. Interconnectedness and automation is the real power of loT solutions. loT has not
only made our lives easier but also has lots of potential to drive economic value and social
change. But still, 85% of things still are unconnected and a security threat pervasive, for which
industry has yet to conquer the real potential of loT. Automation is defined as "the creation and
usage of technology to inspect and control the production and distribution of products and
services." Using our definition, the automation profession includes "everyone involved in the
creation and usage of technology to inspect and control the production and distribution of
products and services"; and the automation professional is "any individual involved in the
creation and usage of technology to inspect and control the production and distribution of
products and services."

In basic words, automation is the use of technologies to intelligently optimize productivity in the
production of goods and services. Automation is applied in order to to increase quality, and/or
productivity beyond the limitations of human labor levels in order to increase economies of
scale, and/or realize predictable quality levels. Various control systems are involved for
operating equipment such as machinery, processes in factories and industries, cooling
refrigerators, telephonic switching networks, steering and robustness of ships, aircraft and other
applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Automation provides robust and
efficient solutions to automate various processes.
Automation helps us in saving human labor, as well as used to increase the product quality,
accuracy and precision. It also helps us in saving energy by using efficient and intelligent
methods.
Maintaining comfortability in your office or building, while keeping a check on your energy bills
is what we would wish for. Forgetting to turn off your classroom lights and office appliances for
a period of long time can really add up on your electricity bills. Reducing energy costs by
controlling the lighting and temperature based upon the real time occupancy and predicted
schedule is an efficient way. A smart and intelligent system to maintain your routine chores is
not only an efficient but a robust way to automate your heating and lighting systems. The system
automatically set the setting as per the schedule or the real time occupancy which also allows to
manually controlling the main settings with easy controls Touchscreens.

Intelligent building efficiency is not just limited to offices but also to homes and institutes. The
efficiency of home automation systems is improving and features are adding up which will prove
to be a smart investment and easy on the pockets.
Chapter 2
Literature Survey

Counting to 315 million students, India has the most number of students in the world. This
counts that there is a strong need for the automation when it comes to mark the attendance of
these students. 69.133 % of the total youth are found college going or taking some kind of
education. The traditional system which is being followed since ages is the pen and paper
method. Later we observe a time wherein to avoid the intentional fake attendance given by the
student’s adoption of biometric system was observed. Colleges have started to turn down to this
in order to say goodbye to intentional proxy attendances, apart from this when it comes down
classroom automation, we also need to consider the electric equipment and their functioning. We
have a strong need of a system where it can mark attendance along with a regular thing (say ID
card). Hence these systems will be not only help in attendance but also make things like ID cards
compulsory for college premises. A classroom mostly consists of a fan and a tube light at least.
Many a times it is observed that it’s the human nature and we tend to forget to switch off the
lights when we leave the house. This leads to more of energy consumption and wastage of
energy. The same scenario can also happen with the classroom. Hence it is considered as one of
the most important issue that needs to be addressed. The same system is not only dedicated to
solving the problems of class room but the same can also be used in home automation
application. The said system can be used to keep a track on the devices that are on in the
classroom when we are not present. This will lead to automation plus the energy consumption
factor that will save energy. The system will operate with the help of a relay module. The relay
controls the circuit functions and acts as an interface between input and output circuits. The
system will also require a communication network channel that helps to transmit messages
between the application at the user end and the hardware at the system end.

No Paper Authors Year

1. Design and development of multimedia classroom Maosheng Wu ; Ximeng 2011
automation management system. Wu

2. IoT based power efficient system design using Anisha Gupta ; Punit 2015
automation for classrooms. Gupta ; Jasmeet Chhabra

3. Energy-saving system for classroom based on Yu ShanEn ; Peng Fan ; 2015

campus card. Chen ZhangPing ; Sun
WeiHua ; Zhao Peng
4. An Approach Towards Building an IoT Based R. Ani ; S. Krishna ; H. 2018
Smart Classroom. Akhil ; U Arun

5. Research on the Control and Transmission of Da Zhong 2018

Multimedia Information Flow in Wisdom
Classrooms.

6. Using gamification for engagement and learning Emily Marasco ; Laleh 2016
in electrical and computer engineering Behjat ; Marjan
classrooms. Eggermont ; William
Rosehart ; Mohammad
Moshirpour ; Ron Hugo

7. A Dynamic Distributed Energy Management Tui-Yi Yang ; Chu-Sing 2016

Algorithm of Home Sensor Network for Home Yang ; Tien-Wen Sung
Automation System.

8. Intelligent Home Automation System using Ishan Krishna ; K. 2017

BitVoicer. Lavanya

9. Collection and Analysis of System Usage Data in Sandra Ivanović ; Sunčica 2017
Smart Home Automation Systems. Milivojša ; Tatjana Erić ;
Milan Vidaković

10. Smart home automation system using Bluetooth Muhammad Asadullah ; 2017
technology. Khalil Ullah

Chapter 3
Software Requirement Specification

3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Purpose

This project will help the teacher present in the classroom to allow them to control the
classroom using android application in the Android smartphone. The overall system design is
mainly based on ESP8266 12E. The appliances are to be controlled by the Android Application.
The android application is developed using android Studio or MIT App Inventor. We can
supervise the state of sensors connected in the ESP8266 board and we can control the
modules by simply enabling some options in the android application in our smart phone.

3.1.2 Document Conventions

In our system mainly two users are there; first one is faculty and second is the administrator for
automation system.

3.1.3 Intended Audience and Reading Suggestions

Audience of this SRS are other project developer, users like faculty, person of maintenance
department. This SRS contains detail description about the product, its functioning, different
external interfaces required, system features, Nonfunctional requirements and some additional
requirements.
3.1.4 Product Scope
The main objective is to automatically control the fan, lights and projector. The idea is to plant
several sensors around the classroom and give a calculated feedback to the response these
sensors receive. An example would be having PIR sensors around the class room that would
detect the presence of human and turns the fan ON or OFF. For light control, there will be LDR
and if the illumination in the classroom and turns the light ON/OFF according to the room’s
lighting changes from high to low.
3.1.5 References
[I] ZHome: http://z-home.orgl

[2] ZWave : http://www.z-wave.coml

[3] SYNCO LIVING : https:/lhit.sbt.siemens.com

[4] Rintala, Mikko, Jussi Sormunen, Petri Kuisma, and Matti Rahkala. "Automation System Products and
Research."(2014).

[5] Sandeep Patel, Punit Gupta, Mayank Kumar Goyal, "Low Cost Hardware Design of a Web Server for Home
Automation Systems", Conference on Advances in Communication and Control Systems(CAC2S), 2013

[6] Golzar, M.G. ; AsanPardazan Co. ; Tajozzakerin, H.R., "A New Intelligent Remote Control System for Home
Automation and Reduce Energy Consumption", MathematicaVAnalytical Modelling and Computer Simulation
(AMS), 2010, IEEE.

[7] Alkar, A.Z., Hacettepe Univ; Roach, J. ; Baysal, D., "IP based home automation system", Consumer Electronics,
IEEE Transactions on (Volume:56 ,Issue: 4), November 2010, IEEE

[8] AI-Ali, A.R. ; Dept. of Comput. Eng., American Univ., United Arab Emirates ; AL-Rousan, M., "Java-based
home automation system", Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on (Volume:50 ,Issue: 2), May 2004, IEEE

3.2 Overall Description

3.2.1 Product Perspective
The proposed system is device that automatically detects human presence using sensors and
control the devices. User can control electric appliances with or without internet.

3.2.2 Product Functions

 Hybrid application which is platform independent.
 Connect more than one user at same time.
 Saves more than 30% electricity.

3.2.3 User Classes and Characteristics

In our system have mainly two users, first is the students or faculty members and second the
administrator.
 Students or faculty Members
 Administrator

3.2.4 Operating Environment

Our project is based on embed platform. The embed Software Development Kit (SDK) is an
open source C/C++ microcontroller software platform relied upon by tens of thousands of
developers to build projects fast. The embed Compiler is a powerful online IDE that is free for
use with hardware implementing the embed SDK, and tightly integrated with the embed SDK
and Developer Website. Under the hood, it relies on the industry standard ARM professional
C/C++ compiler, pre-configured and tested to generate fast, efficient code without fuss.

3.2.5 Design and Implementation Constraints

There are six major components for our device, ESP8266, Motion Sensor, Light Sensor,
Relays, Power Supply, temperature and humidity sensor .

3.2.6 User Documentation

User manual will be provided with this system.

3.2.7 Assumptions and Dependencies

Only assumptions in the system is to be connected to internet.

3.3 External Interface Requirements

3.3.1 User Interfaces
Initially user must have application to connect automation system to control equipments.

3.3.2 Hardware Interfaces

ESP32 or ESP8266 is connected to sensors, battery bank, sensors and display.

3.3.3 Software Interfaces

Our project is based on embed platform. The embed Software Development Kit (SDK) is an
open source C/C++ microcontroller software platform relied upon by tens of thousands of
developers to build projects fast.

3.3.4 Communications Interfaces

The system is IoT based so MQTT (Message queue telemetry transport protocol) is main core
communication interface of the system.
3.4 System Features

3.4.1 System Feature 1

3.4.1.1 Description and Priority

Controlling electric devices: Priority is high

4.1.2 Stimulus/Response Sequences

 Alert when there is no internet connection.

 Alerts before turning of devices automatically.

4.1.3 Functional Requirements

 Setting up automation system.

 Updating the information of router on automation system.
 Maintenance of the system on demand.

3.5 Other Nonfunctional Requirements

3.5.1 Performance Requirements
User should be easily connect to the system and control the devices.

3.5.2 Safety Requirements

As the announcement is appears when there is no internet connection.

3.5.3 Security Requirements

Here the embedded kit is present at location so we need not required any security parameters
to be set.

3.5.4 Software Quality Attributes

 Reliability
The reliability that the system gives right announcements.

 Availability
System will available at all time until power supply problem. If we provide backup power supply
then we can say that our system availability is 100%.

 Maintainability
Our system usually not required maintenance until some modification to be done.

 Portability
The application is portable to carry anywhere easily.

3.6 Other Requirements

We install automation system with existing wiring.
Chapter 4
Architecture and Detail Design

4.1 System Design:

Cloud

Light Sensor
Application
Motion Sensor
ESP8266
Temperature and
Controller
BLE
Humidity Sensor Mobile
App

Figure : System Architecture

4.2 Hardware Required:

1. ESP8266 Microcontroller
2. Motion Sensor
3. Light Sensor (LDR)
4. Temperature and Humidity Sensor
5. Relay Board
6. 12v Power Supply
4.3 Software Required:

1. Programming Language – C / Python

2. Cloud – AWS, AZURE, FIREBASE
3. Protocol – MQTT , HTTP
4. Web Application – HTML, CSS, JS, JQuery, AJAX, Bootstrap.

4.4 Development Tools:

1. Python IDE / Arduino IDE

2. ATOM Editor
3. SSH Software (for Remote access)
4. Dreamweaver

4.5 Area of Project:

Internet of things (IoT), Embedded system

4.6 Advantages:
 Integrated systems with Minimal Cost
 User friendly Interface
 Improvised energy saving
 Remote and Local Control

4.7 Limitations and Constraints:

 Electrical components must be handled with caution.
 Internet connection required to control devices over internet.
Chapter 5
Design and Modeling

5.1 Data Flow Diagram

In Software engineering DFD (data flow diagram) can be drawn to represent the system of
different levels of abstraction. Higher level DFDs are partitioned into low levels-hacking more
information and functional elements. Levels in DFD are numbered 0, 1, 2 or beyond. Here, we
will see mainly 3 levels in data flow diagram, which are: 0-level DFD, 1-level DFD, and 2-level
DFD.

5.1.1 0-level DFD:

It is also known as context diagram. It’s designed to be an abstraction view, showing the system
as a single process with its relationship to external entities. It represents the entire system as
single bubble with input and output data indicated by incoming/outgoing arrows.
5.1.2 1-level DFD:
In 1-level DFD, context diagram is decomposed into multiple bubbles/processes.in this level we
highlight the main functions of the system and breakdown the high level process of 0-level DFD
into subprocesses.

5.2 UML Diagrams

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general purpose modelling language. The main aim of
UML is to define a standard way to visualize the way a system has been designed. It is quite
similar to blueprints used in other fields of engineering.

Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general purpose modelling language. The main aim of
UML is to define a standard way to visualize the way a system has been designed. It is quite
similar to blueprints used in other fields of engineering.
5.3 Use case Diagram
Use Case Diagrams are used to depict the functionality of a system or a part of a system. They
are widely used to illustrate the functional requirements of the system and its interaction with
external agents(actors). A use case is basically a diagram representing different scenarios where
the system can be used. A use case diagram gives us a high level view of what the system or a
part of the system does without going into implementation details.
5.4 Activity Diagrams
We use Activity Diagrams to illustrate the flow of control in a system. We can also use an
activity diagram to refer to the steps involved in the execution of a use case. We model
sequential and concurrent activities using activity diagrams. So, we basically depict workflows
visually using an activity diagram. an activity diagram focuses on condition of flow and the
sequence in which it happens. We describe or depict what causes a particular event using an
activity diagram.
5.5 Sequence Diagram
A sequence diagram simply depicts interaction between objects in a sequential order i.e. the
order in which these interactions take place. We can also use the terms event diagrams or event
scenarios to refer to a sequence diagram. Sequence diagrams describe how and in what order the
objects in a system function. These diagrams are widely used by businessmen and software
developers to document and understand requirements for new and existing systems.
5.6 Class Diagram
The most widely use UML diagram is the class diagram. It is the building block of all object
oriented software systems. We use class diagrams to depict the static structure of a system by
showing system’s classes, their methods and attributes. Class diagrams also help us identify
relationship between different classes or objects.
Chapter 6
Conclusion

6.1 Conclusion:

The proposed system given have high performance as compare to previous proposed. The main
idea of this system is to minimize the power consumption of system by controlling the power
based on the academic time table of university, proposed system minimizes the computation
power.
In addition to this the future work can be focused on developing applications that can
help in automating an entire department or a college. Future work should be along the lines of
considering the validation of the attendance also by including an image detection technique
which will further more authenticate the person. The same model also can be helped in making a
home automation system which will be cost efficient. Different technological advances can help
in making the system more reliable.
Chapter 7
References

REFFERENCES
[I] ZHome: http://z-home.orgl
[2] ZWave : http://www.z-wave.coml
[3] SYNCO LIVING : https:/lhit.sbt.siemens.com
[4] Rintala, Mikko, Jussi Sormunen, Petri Kuisma, and Matti Rahkala. "Automation
System Products and Research."(2014).
[5] Sandeep Patel, Punit Gupta, Mayank Kumar Goyal, "Low Cost Hardware Design of a
Web Server for Home Automation Systems", Conference on Advances in
Communication and Control Systems(CAC2S), 2013
[6] Golzar, M.G. ; AsanPardazan Co. ; Tajozzakerin, H.R., "A New Intelligent Remote
Control System for Home Automation and Reduce Energy Consumption",
MathematicaVAnalytical Modelling and Computer Simulation (AMS), 2010, IEEE.
[7] Alkar, A.Z., Hacettepe Univ; Roach, J. ; Baysal, D., "IP based home automation
system", Consumer Electronics, IEEE Transactions on (Volume:56 ,Issue: 4), November
2010, IEEE
[8] AI-Ali, A.R. ; Dept. of Comput. Eng., American Univ., United Arab Emirates ; AL-
Rousan, M., "Java-based home automation system", Consumer Electronics, IEEE
Transactions on (Volume:50 ,Issue: 2), May 2004, IEEE