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    (123doc) - De-Tai-Can-Dien-Tu-Luan-Van-Do-An-De-Tai-Tot-Nghiep

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    (123doc) - De-Tai-Can-Dien-Tu-Luan-Van-Do-An-De-Tai-Tot-Nghiep

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    (123doc) - De-Tai-Can-Dien-Tu-Luan-Van-Do-An-De-Tai-Tot-Nghiep

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    LOIMG DAU Cn trong lugng 1a mot nhu cau can thiét va khong thé thiéu trong ddi séng xa hi , tir ngudi néng dan lim ra hat théc cho dén cdc khu ché xuat , cdc nha may xi mang san xudt ra hang trim tin sin phim trong 1 ngay... Xudt phat tir nhu cau thye té va tng dung céng nghé vi diéu khién cdc nha khoa hge da nghién ciru ra cac loai can dign tir hign thj s6 ¢6 thé cn duge trong Iugng tir mg cho dén hang tram tdn ma céc loai can co binh thudng khéng thé thuc hign duge. Trén thye té cée nha may sin xudt mudn biét khdi hrong hing hoa, san pham hay nguyén vat ligu, va ca cho nhimg link vuc khac nhu bén cang, tram can xe phat hign qué tai cia canh sit giao théng..déu duge sit dung can dign tir. Trong thoi dai ngay nay céc hé théng diéu khién ty dong ngay cing c6 vai trd quan trong trong vige phat trién, sy tién b6 ciia ki thuat cong nghé va van minh hign dai. Xuat phat tir thyc té dé em da duge phan céng thye hign 48 tai“ Can dign tir“, Day 1A mot loai dé tai khé moi mé Adi si ching em nhung nhi sy gitp 45 tin tinh cia c6 gio NGUYEN THI HOA cing ede thay gido trong khoa Dign- Dign tir da gip ching em hoan thanh dé An ding véi thi gian quy dinh. Nam Dinh, ngay 18 théng 6 nam 2009 Em xin chan thanh cam on! 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA Phan I: GIGI THIEU TONG QUAN VE DE TAL I. Ly do chon aé Ngay nay khoa hoc CN phat trién nhu ‘Vige nghién ciru khoa hoc ngay cang duge dau tu dé dap img nhu cau 46, cdc cla con ngudri ngay cang cao. nganh cong nghé ky thust dign tir da c6 sy phat trién vrgt biic dura khoa hoc vao ky nguyén méi. Ky thuat vi xir ly vi digu khién 1 mot ting dung Kin eta Khoa hoc k¥ thuét vio cude séng phye vu trac tiép cho con ngudi. ‘Vi dy: Lap trinh cho vi xir ly vi diéu khién diéu khién mach dén giao théng, hg théng quan ly mang, cdc thiét bi dign tir dan dung, 6 nhém nganh Bign wr dan dung thi vi xir ly vi diéu khién da tham nhap kha nhiéu vao Tinh vue nay, Can dign tir 1a mOt tng dung dién hinh cua vi xir n trong cuge song cua con ngudi: trong kinh doanh, trong cham sée site khoé... Ban dau can chi don gidn li nhimg qua can co hoc sau nay khoa hoc da phat trién cn khong chi dimg lai 6 dé ma n6 da duge cai tién thanh nhimng chiéc can da dang cé thé cn duge khéi lugng rat lon hay nhing can can duge nhitng vat rat nho nh bi dO cl ly vi didu khié ch Ih xe cao, Vi mong muén gép phan nhé vao Hinh vac nay em da chon dé tai can dign tir Jam de tai nghién cru de IL. Mue dict Tim hiéu nguyén ly lam viée cua can dign tir. ing dyng viét chuong trinh va giao tiép véi may tinh thanh thgo. IIL. Déi twgng nghién ewru: IC chuyén déi tin higu trong tw— s6, bo khuéch dai thuat todn OP, Ho vi diéu khién 89C51, mt s6 cam bj hién ién trong Ingng Loadcell va céc thiét i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha : DL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA TV. Pham vi nghién c Hé théng céu tric cia vi diéu khién 89C51 va tap lénh ciia né, cu tao va nguyén ly hogt déng cua Load cell, Phan Il: NOI DUNG Chuong 1: COSO LY THUYET Ban dau cn chi la déi ban tay ciia con ngudi dya vao cam giéc dé phan bigt vay nay va vat kia. Sau nay cén phat trién lén nho nguyén tic thing bang vat, mét bén dit vat ldy lam vat chun va mOt bén dit vat cin can dé so sénh lay ra khdi hrong vat can can. Va khi khoa hoe céng nghé phat trién da di sau vao trong cude séng dem lai rit nhiéu thanh qua I6n trong vige phat trién can mét dung cy do hramg bude sang mét trang mdi. Can dign tir ra doi thay thé hoan toan nhiing chiée can ca hoe thé so trudc kia v6i tinh nang sir dung rong rai trong cudc séng ciia con nguii, né cé thé cn duge nhiing vat hét sire nho be t tan hang mg, va ciing cé thé can duge nhimng vat cé khdi Iwong rit lon hang tén, trim tin ma trude kia khéng thé can do chinh xc duge. Trong lugng la dai dign cho lye hit cia trai dat voi co thé con nguai va /at tn tai xung quanh ching ta, Trong lugng la co so cho sy phat véi trién nginh do luéng cia thé gidi, theo hé SI don vi cia trong hong hay khéi lugng la: Gam, Kg, pound, Hign nay cén dign tt da duoe sit dung rng ri trong déi sng nhung it ai biét duge ring can dign tir hogt dong dya trén nguyén tac nao? Chit ye ic loai can hign nay dang duge sir dung la dya trén sire cng cua 10 xo khi ta dat di chiéu c@t can can [én ban can thi ld xo sé bj nén xu6ng va lay ra su thay ai dén b6 chuyén déi tin higu dé ghép voi khéi vi diéu khién trung tam dé xt ly ia 1d xo dua vio bd khuéch dai tin higu trong tr va dura hay stte caing ct lay ra két qua cudi cing. Vay site cng Ia gi? Tinh nhw thé nio? i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha : DL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY Ths NGUYEN THI HOS. Ste caing & tituite xaye tinh badng sirt thay tiodi chiedu dai AL cuya thanh iat hoai L so vyyti moot tiyn vii chiedu dat @ = AL/L. Do tayre togng cuya litte vaito thanh L, lairm xua6t hicon sire caéng, tirung trymg cuimg laim thay Wodi giay tri uiegn tryy wiegn cuya thanh. Caym biedn sire cadmg hoaiit woong diriia tredn nguyedn tade naity, cho pheyp bieon wodi giay tri € ghey thadnk sink they FMA tirung img giay tra dieon truy tiegn cuya thanh. i ry i L+aL. cd etd Dé nhan biét durge sw thay di rat nhé nay cia 16 xo ngudi ta sir dung cam bign site cding. Thong thuréng ¢6 2 loai cim bién vé site cng dé 1a: © Loaii gan tririe tieép tredn cain tiaitn hoai cuya boo tio hrte, uy va tro cain to stiwe caéng. Khi ltrie taye doong lam caéng hoade cong caan atm hoai , cuimng triric tieop latrm caéng caym bieon. Caym bieon gagn tific tiedp thiyimg uiryie sity duing ded do sire cadmg tai nhiimg va tré danh Giinh tredn bed maditt euya yedu tod tain hod ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 3 DL- DBT? 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA yn tiedp thrice liedn keét cu hoe vuyi yedu tod dai hoai, duiing tied to nhirimg tog legch todng cogng cuya yeou too Thirea so6 caim biedn sinec cadng G wiryiie quy tinh tatt ty so6 cuya sir biedn todi yn va cuya tiiegn Iryy so vyuE situe cadng G=(AR/R)/(AL/L), trong tow: AR = sind thay dodi cuya tiegn tryy (Q). R = diiegn tray cuya caym biedn sinc cadmg (A). AL = sitt thay tiodi chiedu datti (m) L = Chiedu datti cuya caym biedn (m) Vawi caye caym biedn thong duiing, caye dali hiving tredn cow giay tri air sau : -G=(Q-4), - Chieu daiti hieou duing L = (0.5 - 4) em. -R= (50-5000) Q Khi taye duiing moot lire f ledn tieot dieon cadt ngang A , tung suadt $= f!A (N/m’). 6C thanh dain hoai , tyy soo cuya iryng suadt S treén sine cabmg ¢ lait hadng S06 vair true god lair modun savin hoai: E=S/e=constant, 00i vyuti thanh watin hoai cow chiedu dairy lat h vatr chiedu rogng lait b , cow ng gadn trinie ticop tredn bed maot yy vi tre caych caym biedn sire itiedm line taye Goong lait L, éung suadt tiruite xaye inh theo biedu thiruc : S=6fL/bh. Tint cayre biedu thine tredn, suy ra : ARR = (6G.L /b.h? B).f Tirir biedu thirye roir rating cow modi quan heo tuyedn témh gira lire taure Goong vair sira thay 400i giay tri diegn truy wun vi cuya caym bieon. Baéng pheup tio AR ta cou thed xaye tinh too yun lire tare duiing. eo chénh lair nguyedn tage hoaitt ioong cuya caym biedn sinte caémg. ‘Caym bieon sirye caéng cho pheyp sty duting wed wo lirie taye tong do troiing lining cuya vaot trong caure baifi toaum cadn. i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha : DL - DBT2 6 AN MON Hoc: NGUYEN THI HOA i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha Lép: DL - DBT2 Chuong2: SOO KHOI 2.1. So dé kh6i edn dign tir: Phom bam cam Khé Khéi pién |—\ ixp | |) xtrly trong |) ‘ten Ly |__} trung Iwong hiéu tom Knéi ngudn Hinh 2.1: So da kisi can dign tie 2.2, Nhigm vy ce khdiz 2.2.1 Khéi ciim bién trong long: Cam trong Igng (Load Cell) thiruimg sity dudng caym bieon sire caong mage theo su doa cadu. Trong tow sity duing hai caym bieon sirye cang R, vair Ry gagn uy maot tren, Hai caym biedn strc cadng khaye R:, Ry gan uy mact diruyi. Khi khodng cou lire tave toong vaio caym ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 6 Lép: DL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA biedn cae caym biedn site caong Ri. uy traung thayi vay sire cadng cadn badng vatr diegn theo ra baéng 0. Khi coy lirtic taye togng, lairm uodn cong thanh iain hoai, dan edn viege taimg sirye caing cae caym biedn Ry. 5 vatr giaym sine caimg caye caym bieon Rea Keot quay, diegn try Ri 3 taimg vatr Roy giaym, daén tiedn legch caau vat uy lodi ra xuadt hiegn iiieon theo tyy leo vywi hike taye Goong. gieon thed natty seir tinue Khuedeh tabi tuyi giay tri caan thiedt dua vao khéi KD tin higu tuong ty sé. 2.2.2. Khoi khuéch dai tin higus C6 ni wy khuéch dai tin higu tong ty c6 49 16n phit hep vi vao ctia b9 bién déi trong ty ~ s6. 2.2.3 Khéi chuyén doi tin higu tong tw — sé (ADC): C6 nhigm vy chuyén déi tin higu trong ty c6 d6 Ién phi hyp & mach khuéch dai tin higu dua tai, léy tin higu & dau ra la tin higu sé dé dura vao khdi xi Iy trung tm, Mach bién déi ADC gém b6 phan trung tam 1a mt mach so sinh. Bign thé tong ty chura biét V(a) ap vao mét nga vao ctia mach so sanh, cn nga vao kia ni mét dign thé tham chiéu thay ddi theo théi gian Vi(t). Khi am chuyén déi dign thé tham chiéu tang theo théi gian cho dén khi bing hodc gin bang véi dién thé tong ty. Lic dé mach tao ma sé ra cé gid tri (mg voi dién thé vao chua biét. ‘Thong thurong ching ta thung sir dung IC chuyén 46% 0809 2.2.4, Khéi xe lf trang tam: Trung tam xit ly tin higu s6, xr li tin higu tir ADC chuyén dén tmg voi chuong trinh duge viét bén trong cia vi diéu khién. ‘Thong thong sit dung 8051. i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha : DL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA 2.2.5, Khdi hién thi: Hién thj tin higu dau ra cho ta biét trong Irgng cua vat cin thuong ngudi ta hay sir dung LCD, Led 2.2.6. Khéi nguén: Cung céip ngudi nudi cho toan may, thuéng sir dung cdc bd bién déi ngudn tir nguén xoay chiéu thanh nguén mot chiéu. Bao gdm ngudn SV. 2.2.7. Hé thong phim bam: Hé théng phim bam dé giao tiép vi bd xir ly trung tam va bén ngoai. Théng thurong can cé 4 phim bam nhu: Call, on/off, print dé giao tiép voi bén ngoai. Call: goi va so sénh khi cdn dua gia tri khac vao dé can ON/OFF: bat dau va két thie qué trinh can. Print: in két qua : DL - DBT2 i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA Chuong 3. GIO] THIEU VA LU'A CHON LINH KIEN 3.1 Téng quan vé ho 8051. Trong muc nay ching ta xem xét mét s6 thanh vién khéc nhau cua ho bG vi diéu khign 8051 va cae dae diém bén trong cia ching. Déng thoi ta diém qua mét sé nha san xudt khac nhau va cdc san phim cua ho cé trén thj trong 3.1.1 Tom tit vé lich sit ctia 8051. Vio nim 1981, Hang Intel gidi thigu mét s6 b6 vi dieu khién duge goi 1 8051. BO vi diéu khién nay c6 128 byte RAM, 4K byte ROM trén chip, hai 'b6 dinh théi, mot céng ndi tiép va 4 céng (déu rong 8 bit) vio ra tt ca duge dat trén mot chip. Luc dy n6 durge coi li mét “hg théng trén chip”. 8051 Ta nghia la CPU chi 8 bit dit ligu tai gu lon hom 8 bit duge chia ra thinh ede di ligu 8 mot bd xit ly 8 bit thé lam vige mot thai diém. Dor cho xir ly. 8051 c6 tat cd 4 céng vao - ra I/O mdi cong rong 8 bit (xem hinh 1.2), Mae dit 8051 ¢6 thé e6 mot ROM trén chip eye dai a 64 K byte, nhung cdc nha san xuat lic dé di cho xuat xuéng chi voi 4K byte ROM trén chip. Biéu nay s@ duge ban chi tiét hon sau nay. 8051 da tro nén pho bién sau khi Intel cho phép cde nha sin xuat khde san xuat va ban bat ky dang bién thé ndo ctia 8051 ma ho thich véi diéu kién hg phai dé ma Iai nrong thich véi 8051. Diéu nay dan dén sy ra doi nhiéu phién ban cia 8051 véi céc tée 46 khéc nhau va dung long ROM trén chip c nh Khe nhau duge ban boi hon nita cé . Big nay quan trong li n xu mac di c6 nhiéu bién thé khéc nhau ctl 8051 vé téc dO va dung Ivong nho- ROM trén chip, nhung tat ca ching déu tuong thich véi 8051 ban dau vé cic lénh. Diéu nay cé nghia 1 néu ta viét churong trinh cua minh cho mt phién i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha : DL - DBT2 6 AN MON Hoc: NGUYEN THI HOA ban nao dé thi né cing s€ chay véi moi phién ban bat ky khae ma khong phan bigt no tir hang sin xudt ndo ‘Die tinh 'S6 Iwong ROM 4Kbyte RAM 128K byte. BO dinh thai z Cae chan vao ra 32, Cing ndi tiép 1 ‘Ngudn ngat 6 Bang3.T: Che dc tah cia 8051 dau én 3.1.2 B6 vi diéu khién 8051 BO vi didu khién 8051 1a thanh vién dau tién cia ho 8051. Hang Intel ky higu né nhur fa MCSS1. Bing 3.1 trinh bay eae de tinh cata 8051 EXTERNAL. INTERRUPTS INTERRUP T ON- 410 SERIAL PORTS PORT DDDD TXD RX ADDRESSIDAT Hinh 3.1: Bé tri bén trong ctia so da i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha 10 XULY NGUYEN THI HOA 6 AN MON Hoc: 46, mohy havo rude ssBroouco pads sprowon ede aeyeltt rot Sbrchon SEIS LP muds sreanoy elt a rude sBrosuoy Sous ped? Mbrosucy Shi 7 rude spresucy HPD peut rte ehmrvon yg rea? momo — sipeiwe —gtt Past ori SEARS Gmrede Sn hi aes Girjessdis apres aN! ne Tord apresaig ra twrsdis apres Gimjrsedu —aspresay — Seeser posit fOrrqn —ahresan Poul mudw bream ag pose oma 19 a DPe. Aa) ih POtee Gnd 20 21D P2018) ya Pod Mewsve Hinh 3.2: Sadé chin va chip 8051 * Chite nang cde chan etia 8051: Port 0: P0.0— P0.7 tit chan (32 — 39) 06 2 chife nang trong cdc thiét ké cd ho. Port 1: P1.0 ~P1.7 tit chin (1 ~ 8) ¢6 chite nang giao tiép véi ede thiét bi ben ngoai, Port 2: P2.0 ~ P2.7 tir chin (21 ~ 28) la mét port 66 cong dung kép duge ding nhu cdc duémg xuat nhap hodc 1a byte cia bus dia chi déi vi cdc thiét ké diing 66 nhé mé rong. Port 3: P3.0 — P3.7 tir chan (10 - 17) ki mot port c6 céng dung kép, céc chan cia Port nay c6 nhiéu chit nang, cdc cong cu chuyén déi cé lién hé voi cae dc tinh dic bigt cua 8051/8031 nhu bang sau: : DL - DBT2 i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha i Bit Tén ‘Chire ning chuyén doi P3.0 RXD | Di ligu nhan cho Port noi tiep P31 | DTX | Di ligu nhan cho Port song song P32 | INTO | Neat 0 bén ngoai P33 INTI | Ngat 1 bén ngoai Pad TO | Nad vao cia timereounter 0 PBS TI | Ngo vao cia timericounter 1 P3.6 | WR_| Xung ghi bo nhé dir figu bén ngoat P37 RD | Xung doc b6 nhé dir ligu bén ngoai Biing 3.2: Chite ning ede chan Port 3 Chan 9: Chan Reset Chan 18,19: Chan dao dong Chan 20: Chan mass Chan 40: Chan * Vee (Chan 30: Chan ALE (Address lath enable) - Cho phép chét dia chi (Chan 29: Chan PSEN (Program storey enable) — Khi lim vige v6i bd nhé ngoai no sé két nd (Chan 31; Chan EA (Enable arcess) - Cho phép xtr ly tin 3.1.3. cdc thanh vién khéc ctia hg 8051 Cé hai b@ vi diéu khién thanh vién khdc cua hg 8051 1a 8052 va 8031. a- BG vi didu khién 8052; BO vi diéu khién 8052 1a mOt thanh vién khdc cla ho 8051, 8052 cé tat ca cde dic tinh chudn ctia 8051 ngoai ra né c6 thém 128 byte RAM va mét bd inh thai nita, Hay néi cach khéc 14 8052 c6 256 byte RAM va 3 bo dinh thi N6 cing c6 8K byte ROM. Trén chip thay vi 4K byte nhw 8051. Xem bang 14. ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 12 Lép: DL - DBT2 Die tinh 8051 8052 8031 ROM trén chip AK byte 8K byte OK RAM 128 byte 256 byte 128 byte BO dinh thei 2 3 2 2 2 2 Chin vao- ra Cane nbi gp Cng ndi tgp 1 1 1 Ngudn ngit 6 8 6 Bang 3.3: So sinh cle dc tink cia eke think vién ho 8051 Nhur nhin théy tir bang 1.4 thi 8051 Ki tap con cia 8052. Do vay tit ea moi chuong trinh viét cho 8051 déu chay trén 8052 nhung diéu ngugc lai 1a khong ding, b- B6 vi diéu khién 8031: ‘MOt thanh vién khde nia eiia 8051 14 chip 8031. Chip nay thudng duge coi nhwr fi 8051 khéng c6 ROM trén chip vi n6 c6 OK byte ROM trén chip. Dé sit dung chip nay ta phai bé xung ROM ngoai cho nd, ROM ngoai phai chtta churong trink ma 8031 s® nap va thuc hign. So véi 8051 ma chong trinh duge chita trong ROM trén chip bi gidi han béi 4K byte, cdn ROM ngoai chita chirong trinh duge gin vio 8031 thi cé thé lén dén 64K byte. Khi bd xung céng, nhu vay chi con lai 2 céng dé thao tic. Dé giai quyét van dé nay ta c6 thé bé xung céng vio - ra cho 8031. Phéi phép 8031 véi bd nhé va céng vao - ra ching han véi chip 8255 durge trinh bay & chuong 14. Ngoai ra con 46 cia 8031 tir cde hing sin xudt khéc 6 ede phién ban khée nhau vé hau. ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 13 Lép: DL - DBT2 THI 3.1.4. Céic b¢ vi diéu khién 8051 tiv céc hang khée nhau. Mae dit 8051 1a thinh vién phé bién nhdt cia ho 8051 nhumg ching ta s@ thy né trong kho linh kign, Dé ki do 8051 c6 duéi nhiéu dang kiéu b} nho Khe nhau_nhur UV - PROM, Flash va NV - RAM ma chiing déu ed sé dang ky linh kign khac nhau, Vige ban ludn vé cdc kiéu dang b nhé ROM khic nhau s€ duge trinh bay & chwong 14. Phién bin UV-PROM ciia 8051 la 8751. Phién ban Flash ROM duge ban béi nhiéu hang khée nhau ching han ca Atmel corp véi tén goi i ATS9CS1 cén phién bin NV-RAM cla 8051 do Dalas Semi Conductor cung cp thi duge goi ta DS5000. Ngoai ra edn 66 phién ban OTP (kha trinh mt ln) cia 8051 duge sin xudt boi rit nhiéu hang. a- BG vi didu khién 8751: Chip 8751 chi e6 4K byte b§ nhé UV-EPROM trén chip. Bé sir dung mét b6 dét PROM ciing nhu bd. chip nay dé phat trién yéu cdu truy cap xod UV- EPROM dé xoa ndi dung cita bo nhé UV-EPROM bén trong 8751 true khi ta e6 thi ap trinh Igi né. Do mét thyc té li ROM trén chip déi voi 8751 li UV-EPROM nén cin phai mat 20 phat dé xod 8751 trude khi nd © thé duge lap trinh tro lai. Digu nay da din dén nhiéu nha san xudt gidi thigu cdc phién bin Flash Rom va UV-RAM ctia 8051. Ngoai ra con c6 nhiéu 6 khac nhau cua 8751 tir nhigu hang khde nhau, AT8951 tir Atmel Corporation. Chip 8051 pho bien nay cé ROM trén chip & dang bo nhé Flash. Dieu nay la ly tuong Adi voi nbiing phat triém nhanh vi bd nhé Flash c6 thé duge xod trong vai gidy trong tuong quan so véi 20 phat hode hon ma 8751 yéu cau. Vi ly do nay ma AT89CS51 dé phat trién mot hé thong dya trén bo vi digu khién yéu ciu mt bo dét ROM ma c6 hd ty bG nhé Flash, Tuy nhién Iai khong yéu cau bO xod ROM. Luu y ring trong b nhé Flash ta phai xoa toan b6 ndi dung ciia ROM nham dé lap trinh lai cho nd. Vige xoa b6 nhé Flash ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha i4 Lép: DL - DBT2 durge thye hign boi chinh bé dét PROM va day chinh la ly do tai sao lai khong, can dén b6 xo4. Dé logi trir nhu cdu déi voi mot bo dét PROM hang Atmel dang nghién ciru mét phién ban cia AT 89CS51 cé thé duge lap trinh qua céng truyn thing COM eiia may tinh IBM PC ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 15 Lép: DL - DBT2 ‘SO linh Chan 7 Dong, iin | ROM [RAM] (1 | Timer | Nait | vee | atsocst | 4K | 128 | 32 2 6 | sv ] 40 atsoLvsi | 4K | 128 | 32 2 6 | av |] 40 arsociosi| 1K | 64 | 15 1 3 | av | 20 arsoc2osi] 2K | 128 | 15 2 6 | 3v |] 20 atsocs2 | sk | 128 | 32 3 s | sv | 40 aTs9Lvs2] sk | 128 | 32 3 s | 3v ] 40 Bang 3.4: Céc phién ban cia 8051 tir Atmel (Flash ROM). Chit C trong ky higu AT89C51 la CMOS. Cing 6 nhiing phién ban déng v6 va tbe dO khée nhau cia nhing sin pham trén diy, Xem bang 1.6. Vi dy dé y rang chit “C” dimg tre s6 51 trong AT 89C51 -12PC la ky higu cho CMOS “12” ky higu cho 12 MHZ va “PP 1a kiéu déng vo DIP va chit “C” cudi cing la ky higu cho thuong mai (nguge voi chit “M” [a quan sv). Thong thong AT89CSI - 12PC rit ly tung cho cdc dy dn cia hoc sinh, sinh vién. Malinh kign | Tée do Sé chin | Déng vo Mye dich ATR89C51-I2PC_ | 42MHZ 40 DTP Thuong mai Bing 3.5: Cc phién ban 8051 vii Bed Khe nha cia Atmel ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha Lép: DL - DBT2 c- BO vi diéu khién DS5000 tir hang Dallas Semiconductor. Mot phién ban phd bién khdc ntia etia $051 1 DSS000 cia hang Dallas Semiconductor. B6 nhé ROM trén chip cia DS5000 & duéi dang NV-RAM. Kha nang dgc! ghi cia né cho phép chwrong trinh duge nap vao ROM trén chip trong khi né vin 6 trong hé théng (khéng can phai ly ra). Digu nay con 6 thé duge thye hign théng qua cong néi tiép cia may tinh IBM PC, Vige nap chuong trinh trong hé théng (in-system) ctia DS5000 théng qua céng néi ‘p cia PC lam cho no tré thanh mt hé théng phat trién tai ché ly tong. ‘MOt wu viét cia NV-RAM Ia kha ning thay ddi noi dung cia ROM theo ting byte tai mét théi diém. Diéu nay trong phan véi bd nhé Flash vi EPROM ma bg nhé eta ching phai duge xoa sach trude khi Kip trinh Iai cho ching. MA linh Chan : ROM | RAM Timer | Ngit | Vee | Déng vo kign v0 Ds5000-8 | 8K | 128 | 32 2 6 [sv] 4 Dss000-32 | 32K | 128 | 32 2 6 | sv} 40 Dsso00T-8 | 8K | 128 | 32 2 6 | sv} 40 DSso00T-8 | 32K | 128 | 32 2 6 |sv| 40 ‘Bang 3.6: Cée phién ban 8051 te hang Dallas Semiconductor. Chir “T” ding sau 5000 1a c6 ding hé thai gian thy. Lun ¥ rang déng hé théi gian thuc RTC la khac véi bé dinh thoi Timer. RTC tao va git thir gian | phit gid, ngay, thang - ndm_ké ca khi tit ngudn, Cén 6 nhiéu phién ban DS5000 vei nhimng téc dd va kiéu déng géi khée nhau.( Xem bang 1.8). Vi dy DS5000-8-8 66 8K NV-RAM va téc do 8MHZ. Thong thutng DS5000-8-12 hoe DSSO00T-8-12 18 ly tudng d6i voi ce dy én cua sinh vien. ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 17 Lép: DL - DBT2 THI ‘Ma Tinh kign NV-RAM DS5000-8-8 8K DS5000-8-12 8K DS5000-32-8 32K DSs0007-32-12 30K DS5000-32-12 32K DS5000-8-12 8K 12MHz (with RTC) Bang 3.7: Cc phiém bin cia DSSO0O vit céc tbe dp Khic nhan d- Phién bin OTP ciia 8051. Cae phign bin OTP cia 8051 Li cdc chip 8051 ¢6 thé lap trinh duge mOt lin va duge cung cdp tir nhigu hang sin xudt khdc nhau. Cac phién ban Flash va NV-RAM thudng duge ding dé phat trién san pham mau, Khi mot sin pohim duge thiét ké va duge hoan thign tuyét di thi phién ban OTP cia 8051 duge ding dé sin hang loat vi né sé hon rat nhiéu theo gia thanh mgt don vi sin phim e- Hg 8051 tir Hing Philips ‘M6t nha san xudt chinh cia ho 8051 Khde niga 1a Philips Corporation. ‘That vay, hang niy c6 mt dai la chon ring lén cho cdc b6 vi diéu khién ho 8051. Nhiéu san phim cia hing da cé kém theo cae dic tinh nhw cic bd chuyén déi ADC, DAC, cdng 1/0 mé rong va ca ce phién ban OTP va Flas BIS. Ci tip Ienh 69 vixit If 8051 1. Nhém Iénh di chuyén div ligu Quy woe: # Data: Todin hang dinh dia chi tte thoi Direct : Toan hang dinh dia chi trrc tip @Ri_ : Toan hang dinh dia chi gidn tiép ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha i8 Lép: DL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA Rn an hang dinh dia chi thanh ghi * Lénh Mov + Lénh Movx © Lénh Move © Lénh trao déi ndi dung thanh ghi A véi todn hang 2 © Lénh XCHD * Lénh PUSH + Lénh POP 2- Nhém lénh sé hoc: ‘© Lénb cng khéng nhé ADD © Lénh cng 0 nhé ADDC © Lénb tang toan hang mét don viz © Lenh trit ‘© Lénh giam m@t don vi DEC © Lénh nhan MUL: Thue hién nhan ngi dung thanh ghi A véi ndi dung thanh ghi B Két qua: Byte thdp luu trén thanh ghi A Byte cao hi trén thanh ghi B © Lénh chia DIV: ‘Thue hign chia ndi dung thanh ghi A véi ndi dung thanh ghi Kétqua: Phin nguyén luru trén thanh ghi A Phin dur Iuu trén thanh ghi B Nhém lénh logic: © Lénh ANL Ci phap: Lénh thyc hign gitta cdc bit tuong tig ca toan hang thir nhit véi cée bit ctia toan hang hai i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha 19 : DL - DBT2 © Lénh ORL: Ca phap: © Lénh hodc tuyét déi © Lénh xod thanh ghi A Ciphap: CLRA © Lénh quay phai ni dung thanh ghi A Ci phép: RRA © Lénh quay trai noi dung thanh ghi A Céiphip: RLA © Lénh quay phai ndi dung thanh ghi A qua cb C Ciphap: RRCA ‘© Lénh quay trai ngi dung thanh ghi A qua co C Caphap: RLCA © Lénh trao déi 4 bit cao vi 4 bit thdp ciia thanh ghi A Cuphip: SWAP A 4- Nhém lénh ré nhénh chuong trinh a. Nhém lénh ré nhénh khéng diéu kign © Lénh nhay JMP Ci phap: IMP nhan ‘Thye hign r@ nhanh chuong trinh dén dia chi duge xac dinh béi toan hang ohan *Khai nigm vé nhan: Nhan 1a tén hinh thite dai dién cho m6t dia chi vat ly xac dinh trong bo he *Quy tic dat tén nhan P: -Tén nhiin bao gid’ cing bao gom cae chit cdi tir A+Z; a7; cde 8 0.9 ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 20 Lép: DL - DBT2 -Két thie (én cita nban fa dau“: -Gitta cde ky ty trong nhan khong duge dat déu cach -Tén nhan phai duge bit dau bing mét chit cai -Tén nhan khong durge tring véi cic tir da duge dinh nghia true ~Tén nhain khéng dai qué 32 ky ty ‘© Lénh goi churong trinh con *Lenh CALL Céiphép: CALL tén chuong trinh con *Lénh ACALL< lénh goi tuyét d Ci phép: ACALL dia chi 11bit *Lénh LCALL Ci phip: LCALL dia chi 16 bit © Lenk AIMP Cli phip: AJMP dia chi 11 © Lénh nhay khong diéu kin *Lénh nhay dai LIMP Cit phap: LIMP dia chi 16 *Lénh nhay ngin SIMP Ciiphép: SIMP Rel © LénbJZ Ciphdp: JZ nhan ‘Thue hign kiém tra ndi dung thanh ghi A *AQO — Néu AO r8 nhdnh dén nhan Néu A0 thy hign lénh tiép theo +b, Nhém Iéch ré nhéinh e6 diéu kign: » Leh INZ ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 21 Lép: DL - DBT2 ‘Thue hign kiém tra noi dung thanh ghi A *A00 Néu A=0 thye hign lénh tiép theo Az0 1 nhdnh dén aban ‘+ Lénh CINE: So sanh nOi dung cia toan hang! Ca phap: CINE TH1, TH2, nhan So sanh néi dung cla THI) TH2 -Néu TH] # TH2 ré nhanh dén nhan, -Néu THI=TH?2 thye hign Iénh tigp theo © Lénh DINZ Ci php: DJNZ TH,nhan Néu TH +0 thi ré nhanh chong trinh dén dia chi xdc dinh béi toan hang nhan Néu TH=0 thi thye hign lénb tiép theo + Lénh NOP 5-Nh6m Ignh xirly ton hang bit © Lénh xoa bit CLR Ciphép: CLR THbit + Lénh SETB Cu phap: SETBC © Lénh CPL Ciphap: CPL * Lénh ANL © Lénh ORL * Lénh MOV © Lénh INC Cai phép: INC nhan ‘Thye hign kiém tra co C -Néu C=I thye hign Iénh tiép theo ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 2 Lép: DL - DBT2 THI -Néu C=0 thy hi © Lénh JB Ca php: JB TH, nhan Kiém tra ndi dung ciia ton hang -Néu TH=1 thi ré nhanh dén nhan -Néu TH=0 thi thye Ignh tigp theo + Lénh INB Ci phép: JNB TH bit, nhain ~ Néu TH=0 thir nhanh dén nhan -Néu TH=1 thi thye hign lénb tiép theo © Lénh JBC * Ciphap: JBC TH bit, nhan 3.2. BO bién déi tong ty s6 (ADC) 0809CCN. Cée bé chuyén déi ADC duge sir dung hét sire réng rai hign nay. Tiéu biéu la may tinh s6 chi Lam vige véi cdc sé nhj phan , nhung trong thye té thi cic dai lugng hau hét la tong te chinh vi vay ta edn e6 b6 chuyén déi qua lai ‘ac loai s6 nay. Trong bai nay sir dung chip ADC 0809, do linh kign khong cé sin nén mic dit ADC 0804 1 linh kign ¢6 nhing wu diém hon so véi ADC 0809 nhu : Cé b6 dao dong riéng bén trong do vay chi cin ndi thém dign tre khoang 10 khz, va ty dign khoang 150 pF la sé tao nén b6 dao dong cé tan sé Khoang 600 KHz, va thi gian chuyén ddi 1 110 us Trong dé tai chi sit dung 1 dau vao cam bién nén rd rang ADC 0804 sé sm hon vi né chi 6 | dau vio cam bién con ADC 0809 c6 nhiing 8 dau vio cam bién vay con 7 dau vao la khong sit dung ( bd khéng) gay nén lang phi. ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 23 Lép: DL - DBT2 Khéng phai chon kénh dau vao nén dé dang trong lép trinh hon. Va ton it dung lugng b6 nhé ciia vi diéu khién hon. Trong bai nay em sir dung bd bién déi ADC 0809 ( vi n6 duge ban rong 18i hon trén thj trudmg VN). Hinh 3.3 : So dé céiu trite chin cita ADC 0809. * Chite ning cée chan cia ADC 0809. Chan In 0 In 7 : Dau vao kénh tuong ty. Chan 6 : Start ; Bat déu chuyén doi Chan 7 EOC : Két thie chuyén d6i (End-of- Convéion). Chan 9 OF : Cho phép du ra (Output Enable), Chan 10 - Clock : Chan dura xung vo. Chan 11 : Vee : Chan cap nguén (+5 v DC). Chin 12,14 : Vref, Vref: -Thiét Ip dign dp tham chiéu. Hoang Thi Thu Ha, 24 Lép: DL - DBT2 an Hink 3.4: Cu trie bén trong. Vrefi2 (V) | Vreft/Vref (V) Kich thude buée (mv) He 0-5 19.53 2 0-4 15.62 1s 03 171 1.28 02.56 10 T 02 781 05 O-1 3.90 Bang 3.8: Bang quan hg dign dp gitta Vref(+) va Vref (-)(Mass) *Y nghia : Khi chan Vref- néi xuéng mass cdn chan Vreft+ duge néi voi dign ap bién thign ti 0 (v) cho dén 5 (v) thi mdi khi BO cdm bién cia ADC 0809 CCN bién ddi 19,53 (mV) thi bg bign ddi sé thay d6i trang thal du ra. Cae trudng hgp edn tai trong tr. * Kich thude bude (do phan gidi ) la sy thay d6i nhé nhat cia dau yao ma ADC cé thé phan biét duge. ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 25 Lép: DL - DBT2 i xuéng mass * Vref+/Vref- : Dign 4p tham chiéu thuéng thi Vref- duge n cén Vref+ thi duge dau vao mét mite dign 4p tham chiéu nao dé. Chan 13 : Chan GND ( mass ). Chan 2.1 = 2.8; Dau ra 6 dang 8 bit trong d6_ 2.1 la bit cao(MSB) con 2.8 1a bit thap(LSB). Chin 22 : ALE : Chét dia chi (Address Latch Enable). Chan 23,24,25 : ADD A, ADD B, ADD C : Ding dé chon kénh tuong tw dau vao, Chon kénh| B A twong ty INO 0 0 INT 0 1 IN2 0 1 0 IN3 0 I 1 IN4 1 0 0 INS 1 0 1 IN6 1 T 0 IN7 1 7 T Bang 3.9: Bang chin Ij chon tin higu dau vio * Y nghia : Khi ta chon cae dau vao mite thdp thi khi két ndi bé cam bién vai b6 bién di chin A,B,C Ii DC 0809 CCN thi phal ie xung 6 két ndi vao dau IN 0. Cac chan khdc tuong ty. Phuong thire b6 ADC chuyén dai tin higu tong ty sang s6. Mach bién 46i ADC gém bé6 phan trung tam 1a mét mach so. sinh. Dign thé wong ty chu biét V(a) 4p vao mOt nga vao cla mach so sinh, con nga vao kia néi véi mét dign thé tham chiéu thay ddi theo thoi gian Vr(t). Khi chuyén déi dign thé tham chiéu tang theo thoi gian cho dén khi bang hoac ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 26 Lép: DL - DBT2 gin bing voi dign thé tong ty. Lite dé mach tao ma s6 ra cé gid tri img voi ign thé vao chua biét, Mach déi ding dign thé tham chiéu ndc thang. Foe Hinh 3.5: Mach déi dieng dign thé tham chiéu ndc thang. Mach déi gan ding ké tigp. EERIE SAR . start] Hinh 3.6: Mach déi gan dong ké tiép. ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 27 Lép: DL - DBT2 Py vr Eoc Maso re tt Mach tao] tin hiew doc len Start Hinh 3.7: Mach doi diang tin higu déc dom. Mach déi lay tich phan. — ech OK al oe Logic Mach dem abit |_/ ny Dem ngara w Maso ra O J— cr tte fach dé ly tch phn. ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 28 Lép: DL - DBT2 Mach chuyén ddi tin higu song song.( Day la phuong phép 6 téc do chuyén déi rit nhanh va hay duge tng dung nbat). ADC 0809 sir dung phurong phap nay. ADC ding phuong phap nay c6 tan sé lay nau phy thude vao tée do (thoi gian tr8) cata cdc bG so sinh. Théng thud 1g vi mach so sinh c6 thoi gian 1rd trong khoang 10-12ns, vi vay trén ly thuyét, tin s6 liy mu eta ADC 6 6 phan giai 8 Bits cin téi 2 *— 1=255 b@ so sinh, do vay kich thude vi mach s& rit lon. s 2 2D had rer lever0 D 2 2 vero > Ag a veri ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 29 Lép: DL - DBT2 Gian dd xung miéu ta sy chuyén déi tin ve = ra vat sat tuong ty sang sé cla ADC. Hinh 3.10: Gian dé thoi gian Sordé chuyén héa tin higu. Mach déi lay tich phan. Mach kiém tra ADC 0809 & ché d6 chay tu do ( cdc nha sin xudt thuong khuyén cdo ngudi sir dung nén sir dung mach nay truéc khi lap mach chay thye té). Hoang Thi Thu Ha, 30 Lép: DL - DBT2 6 AN MON Hoc: NGUYEN THI HOA XULY ex. and re srouno sn input naw Hinh 3.11: Qué trink chuyén hod tin hig 3.3. Cac linh kign khae: 3.3.1 Thiét bj hién th * So do chan Hinh3.12: So dé chan cia LCD - EN (Enable): cho phép dgc/ghi dir ligu. Trong ché d9 dye, EN tie dong bang xung duong (canh lén) va trong ché 46 ghi, EN tac d6ng bing xung am (canh i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha 31 : DL - DBT2 THI xudng). - RS (register selection): chon thanh ghi Kénh (RS = 0) hode thanh ghi dtr ligu (RS=1) = RUW: dge (R/W = 1) hay ghi (R/W = 0) - D7 ~ D4: bus dit ligu (ché do 8 bit cao va 4 bit thap). Ngoai ra, bit D7 cin dung lam ngir ra cho co Busy, - D3 — D0: 4 bit thap trong ché dé 8 bit hay bo trong trong ché d6 4 bit. ~ A, K: anode va cathode dén nén cia LCD. * Ce thanh phan chite ming cia LCD1602A: - Co Busy (BF ~ Busy flag): Néu BF = 1, LCD dang trong qué trimh thy thi mét lénh, Khi dé, cde Iénh géi tiép theo s€ bj bo qua. BF duge doe tai chan D7 khi RS = 0 va R/W = 1. Do d6, true khi thuc hign mét lénh, edn kiém tra BF tru, néu BF = 0 thé méi goi lénh. - DDRAM (Display Data RAM): chita coc ky ty sé hién thi tron LCD, tdi da 1a 80x8 bit (80 ky tu). Khi hién thj 6 ché dO 1 diing, dia chi cia DDRAM ct pham vi tir 00h & 4Ph ctin khi & ché d6 2 ding, dia chi DDRAM tir 00h + 27h cho diing 1 va 40h & 67h cho ding 2 - BO dém dia chi (AC - Address Counter): diing dé tru dia chi hign hanh cia DDRAM vi CGRAM, cé thé thye hign doc AC khi RS = 0.vi R(W= 1 - CGROM (Character Genaration ROM): chita cde my hmh ky tu s® hién th tron LCD, bao gém 192 ky tu 5x7 theo bing mé ASCII (nghia la khi DDRAM chita gid tri 41h tong img voi mé ASCII cua ky tu *A’ thd tram LCD sé hign *A’), trong 46 chi c6 cde mé tir 00h — OFh sé khyng ly theo mo ASCII ma liy theo cdc ky tur d6 dinh nghia trong CGRAM. - CGRAM (Character Genaration RAM): chita coc my honh ky tw do ngudi it: 4 bit cao, ché d6 4 bit: ding cho truyén 4 sit dung dinh nghia dé hién thi céc ky tw khong c6 sin trong CGROM. CGRAM cho phép tgo t6i da 8 ky ty 5x8. * Céc ché d9 truyén dir ligu: LCD1602A cé 2 ché 46 truyén dit ligu: ché 46 8 bit (ding ca DO — D7) va ché 6 4 bit (khong ding D3 — DO, chi ding D7 ~ D4), Trong trudng hop ding ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 32 Lép: DL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA ché d6 4bit, dir ligu 8 bit sé duge truyén 2 lan: truyén 4 bit cao roi tiép tuc truyén 4 bit thép. Sau khi thye hign truyén xong 8 bit, BF moi chuyén lén 1. Hai ché d6 truyén ny mf 8 kei aw / \ BUILTIN gees MTU ePID wy Xo XK Jv\ Jam \_ NL Xo SES SSS ECACC INSTRUCTION Busy Flag Ghd Suny Flag Check” Bony Flag Grech STRUCTION is sscaneiuaaaidiarile cake yaa © INI PPS ow Xe Xm \ XX \ LX X Key ee Honh 3.14 :Dinh thin giao tiép & ché ap 4 bit : DL - DBT2 i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha 33 * Céc lénh thudng gap cba LCD Ténh Mi ta on Xiia min OH Tro vé dau chudi 04H Dich con tré sang troi 05H Dich con tré sang phai 06H Dich man hénh sang phai O7H Dich man hémnh sang troi 08H Tit con tr6, tit hign thy OAH Tit hign thi, bat con tro 0cH Bat hign thi, tit con tro EH Bat hign thi, nhdp nhoy con tro OF Tat hign thi, nhp nhoy con tro 10H Dich vi tr con tro sang trot 14H Dich vi tr con tr6 sang phat 18H Dich toan 66 man hénh sang trot 1CH Dich toan bd man hénh sang phai 80CH ‘Dura con tro vé dau ding | CoH Dura con tro vé dau ding 38H Xie lip ché d6 2 diing va d6 phan giai chit 5x7 3.3.2. Cam bién trong lugng ( loadcell) Trong caym biedn cadn (Load Cell) thiryimg siry duiing caym bien sirye cadng mage theo su oa caiu (hdmh M11-1), Trong tioy sity duing hai caym biedn situc caing RI vair R3 gadn uy maét tredn . Hai caym biedn site caong khawe R2, R4 gagn yy mact dirueri (hénh MI 1-1a). Su doa nodi tieon ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 34 Lép: DL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA cho tren hénh M11-Ic, trong tow caye caym biedn strc cadmg thtyite made theo sy tiod cadu Wheatstone. “aT cH LUC Load Cell khi khodng coy Load Cell khi coy Tire taye Hoong hire taye tioong a) AMPLIFIER our 0 Hinh: So dé dign cia ciim bién Loadcell Khi khodng coy hire taye dong vairo caym bieon, cae caym bieon sitye caing Ry. uy traing thayri vuyti sirye cadmg cadn badng vatr tiegn thed ra badng 0, Khi coy lire taye wogng, lairm uoon cong thanh watm hoai, daén lieon viege taéng sirye cadmg caye caym biedn Ris vair giaym sine cadmg care caym biedn Ro. Kedt quay, tiegn tryy Ry.s tang vatr Ro. giaym, dadn lied legch caiu vair uy Lodi ra xuadt hieon iiiegn theo tyy leo vuui Hite tayre tioong. giegn thed natty seit tirutic khucoch tai tui giay tri cain thieot j Hoang Thi Thu Fa 35 BL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA Cé nhiéu loai loadcell do céc hang sin xuat khéc nhau nhu Siemens (Dire), Kubota (Nb4t), Global Weighing (Hn Quéc), Transducer Techniques. Inc, Tedea Huntleigh ... Méi loai loadcell duge ché tao cho mét yéu cau riéng bigt theo tai trong chju dung, chju lye kéo hay nén. C6 nhigu kiéu hinh dang loadcell cho nhiing ting dung khée nhau. Do 6 cach két ndi loadcell vio he théng cing khéc nhau trong timg truémg hop. Thong s6 k¥ thudt cia timg loai loadcell durge cho trong catalogue cia mi loadcell va thuémg 6 cdc théng sé nhu: tai trong danh dinh, dign ép ra danh dinh (gid tri nay c6 thé 1a tit 2 miliVolt/ Volt dén 3 miliVolt/Volt hode hon tuy loai loadcell), tim nhigt 46 hoat dng, dign Ap cung cép, dign tra ngO ra, mite 46 chiu duge qué tai...(V6i gid tri dign dp ra danh dinh 14 2mili Volt / Volt thi véi nguén cung cap la 10 Volt thi dign ap ra sé la 20 mili Volt img voi khdi wong t6i da.) Tuy img dung cy thé ma céch chgn loai loadcell c6 théng sé va hinh dang kha nhau. Hinh dang loadcell c6 thé dat cho nha sin xuat theo yéu cau img dung riéng, Ngoai bd phan chinh 14 nhiing tim dign tris dan, mot cOn c6 thém thiét bi bao vé qua tai 6 thé la cdc 1d xo. i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha 36 : DL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA Chuong 4: TINH TOAN VA THIET KE 4.1 Tinh chon linh kié Yeu cdu: - Thiét ké can dign tir c6 pham vi can (0-3)kg - Hién thi rén LCD 4.1.1.Khbi vi xte bps ‘Trong mach nay ching ta chon ho 8051.Dé cho vi diéu khién hoat déng duge thi can cé nhing diéu kign sau: ~ Nguén nudi ld nguén +5v cap cho 8051 - Phai c6 dao dong cp vao chan 18, 19 etia IC or 05 2051 xTALL ots 48) rab XTAL2 18) tale ono crystal TTL Oscillator Dao dong bing thach anh Dao dng bing céng logic Thong thudmg ching ta sir dung dao dng bang Thgch anh. Ty gém cu tri s6 tir 27pF - 33pF dé dn dinh kim vige cho thach anh, thueng ding loai 33pF. = Reset eit toc dung reset chip 8051, mite téch eye cia chon nay La mite 1 dura vio chan 9 Sau day la mach reset i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha 37 : DL - DBT2 ao. Reset Manual meset Power-on reset Reset bang tay (mit n) Reset khi cp nguén Trong bai nay ching ta sir dung Reset ty dng khi cp nguon cho thuan tign. 4.1.2, Khéi chuyén doi tin higu twong ur sé (ADC) * Tinh ton dién 4p vao ADC ‘Ma ra N cho mt ngo vio tity y 1a mot sé nguyén. Trong 46 Vin: dign dp ngd vao hé so sinh, Vref(+): dign ap tai chan Rex(+). Vrefl-): dign ap tai chan Rys(-). ‘Néu chon Vref{-) = 0 thi N= “Vago Vref(+) = Vee = 3V thi day thang 14 256. = Gia tri bude nho nhat 3 1 LSB= : 0117 Vibyte Vay voi 256 buise Vin =3V. Dign 4p vao lén nhat cia ADC 0809 1a 3V dé khéng ché ra cha VXL. * Mach tao xung clock cho ADC 0809 (Thé hign nhur so 48 nguyén ly) Sir dung IC dao déng 7414 ‘Tan sé dao dong cua mach la f= are ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 38 Lép: DL - DBT2 86 dao dong chuan la 600 kHz 1 Suy ra 640 = = V6i R tir 100 © dén vai kA chon R =10 kA > C= 103 4.1.3 Khoi khuéch dai tin higu: ‘eady lair maiich trung gian giirira boo caym biedn vatr maiich ADC. Vuyi maiich nairy ther tiadu vatio lait caym biedn cu V, = 2,73 V + 0,01T°C. Khoayng bicén thicdn ticon aup trong dayi nhicgt itog tint 0°C — 100°C lait 1 volt. Trong khi toy, yedu caau maiich duting bog chuyedn todi tén hieou tirung tir sang sod ADC 0809 cou minge wien aup tint OV —3V. Ding OA: LM324 khuéch dai dém tin higu trade khi dua vao ADC, 4.1.4 Khoi nguon: B6 ngudn duge thiét ké véi nhiéu mite dign ap cho cdc ‘mg dung khée nhau: +5Vcung cp cho hoat dng ciia tat ci cde IC, nguén +12V cung cap cho bd khuéch dai sir dung OA. : Ps [Ely " "| phg asd] i} anf] 4) | wl Lip mor) Tome Lazy wns “oF ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 39 Lép: DL - DBT2 Khéi +12V cung cdp cho OA sir dyng IC én 4p LM7812 va LM7912. Diy 1a ho IC dn dp ding cho nhiéu ting dung khée nhau. Khéi +5V sir dung 2 IC én ap LM7805, LM7905 ding kim ngudn nudi cho tit cd cde IC trong mach vi xit ly. ién ép ngd vio LM7805, LM7905 duge lay tir nguén +12V da dn dinh true dé, Dién dp cAp cho Loadcell duge thiét ké str dung LM723 nhim muc dich lam tang tinh én dinh vi ng higu ra cia Loadcell rt nhé nén dé bj anh hudng khong én dinh, : i “T ‘Load LM723CN 18 IC c6 thé ding dé én dp dong hay én ép am ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha 40 Lép: DL - DBT2 GVHD: Ths NGUYEN THLHOS erected Hinh 4.1: So dé nguyén If céin dign tic ‘Sink vién: Hoang Thi Thu Ha a Lép: DL - DBT2 6 AN MON HOC: VIXULY NGUYEN THI HOA * Tac dung linh kigs © VR, : Déng vai trd La dau vao thay thé cho cau dign tro ctia Loadcell. * OA), OAzg La IC khuéch dai thuat ton lam nhigm vy khéch dai tin hi lay tir Loadcell khuéch dai len du In dua vao ADCO0809. # OA;,OAy: La IC tgo dao dong cung cép dao dong cho 0809 hogt dng © ADC 0809: IC chuyén déi twong ty — sé nhan tin higu tong ty tir bd Khuéch dai bién ddi va cho ra tin higu s6 dua vao 8051. © Cy, Ry: Tgo thanh mach Reset cho 8051 © C,, C; va Thach anh tgo thanh mach dao dng cap dao déng cho 8051 © LCD la thiét bj hién thj két qua. * nguyén ly Lim vige: Khi khong e6 Ie tic dong vio cim bién cdc cam bién site cang cin bing tire dign thé ra bing khéng. Khi c6 lye tac dng trong cam bién stre cing c6 su thay déi din dén sw chénh Igch dign 4p dau ra. Dign ap nay qua nho dé bj suy hao va nhiéu nén truée khi dua vao khéi chuyén d6i trong ty s6 ta dua vao khdi khuéch dgi.khdi nay sé khuéch dai tin higu 6 bién d6 dit in dura vio ADC.Tai day tin higu duge xit ly chuyén déi tir trong ty sang s6 dra vao vi digu khién, Vi diét khién sé xir ly tin higu cho két qua hién thj ra man hinh i; Hoang Thi Thu Ha 2 : DL - DBT2 4.3 Luu dé gidi thugt: lose Close Chuyén di ADC XW ly trang tom Hién thi két qua ‘Tron LCD. Kiém tra cée phém bam: Hoang Thi Thu Ha, B Lép: DL - DBT2 4.4 Chuong trinh diéu khién: Org 0000h ADC _startCV equ p2.4

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