PREFECE

For the blessing of God who is almighty so that I can complete the task given by the
lecturer in sociolinguistic curriculum in August 2019, and I also thank my parents and friends
who have supported me in completing this task .This paper proposes to understand the usage of
varieties of languages and dialects found in a language society.

Language and society are so inter-dependent that they construct, define and grow with
each other. As a result, it becomes quite interesting to note the social behaviours mirrored in
different language usages, variety of codes and resultant code mixing and code-switching. Such
language usages are easily seen in a language community where all members of that community
are able to interact with each other through the medium of at least one common language. It is
important that all members should be able to communicate through at least one common
language. Such a common linguistic medium builds a communication-bridge amongst people of
differing linguistic abilities and knowledge. When a community communicates on a faster and
higher scale, its development process also becomes speedier. A speech community has more than
one language codes that are able to express different social meanings. All of these linguistic
codes are controlled and directed by social references and situations. As expressed by Gumperz
(1971:116) ‘speech varieties employed within a speech community form a system because they
are related to a shared set of social norms’. These linguistic codes are constantly intermingled,
interchanged and interrelated in the language usage of a speech community.
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

A. Rationalization of the importance of CBR

Critical Book Review are carried out to test the grain or critical properties of the students
in assessing a contents of the journal. Throgh these activities students can get the result from the
Book and the students can also develop their skills in reading. Because before implementing
Critical Book Review then the students is able to give an opinion of the contents or the structure
of the Book.
B. Purpose of CBR writing
This activity Critical Book Review is an activity that is a requirement in the completion
of the curriculumn 2013 –based task. Which on the curriculumn 2013 students are required to
complete some of the required assumptions one the task is Critical Bool Review. From the task
then students can add their knowledge in assessing the contents of the Book and students can
also add their insight to be able to assess the structure of the Book. And able to improve students
knowledge to obtain and learn many things from the Book.
C. The binefit from the Critical Book Review
Through from the Critical Book Review, then students learn to know the thing that
should be in the Book and how the right structure in writing the Book. Even students are not only
abe to criticize the Book but students also able to provide a given suggestion of the Book`
.
D. Identity of The Book

The title of the Book : Skills English Language Communication

Author : Urmila Rai

Published : 11

City Publisher : New Delhi

Year Publisher : 2010

e-mail : www.himpub.com 2
 CHAPTER II

SUMMARY

1. Introduction

The word communication is used in common talk, usually, to mean speaking or writing or
sending a message to another person. Communication is really much more than that. It involves
ensuring that your message has reached the target audience, (that is, the persons to whom it is
sent) and that the receiver understands and responds as you want them to. It also involves
ensuring that you yourself are able to understand, interpret, and respond to messages that you
receive. Communication is an important aspect of behaviour; human communication is affected
by all factors that influence human behaviour. In the last sixty to seventy years, the study of
human communication has been strengthened by contribution from many disciplines.
Definitions, descriptions of the process, and analyses of the elements of communication have
been developed by many scholars. 3

2. Communication is unintentional as well as intentional. 3

Communication is unintentional as well as intentional. We do not always convey exactly

what we want to; the targeted receiver may receive less or more than what we intended to
convey. A casual observer (unintentional receiver) may receive information or ideas which we
did not intend for him/her. OUf non-verbal behaviour conveys something about us; what we
speak or write is accompanied by non-verbal behaviour. We cannot "not communicate"; even
our noncommunication in words communicates something; for example, it may convey that we
wish to be left alone. Communication takes place even when we do not plan it and when we are
not conscious of it; we may communicate something that we had not intended to communicate.
3.Communication is both interaction and transaction. 4

Every component of the process is affected by every other component. The source, the
environment, the goal, the medium, the nature of the message, the receiver, the feedback, all
affect one another. If the audience is inattentive or uninterested, the source is not able to
speak! convey effectively. If a wrong medium is chosen, a particular message may fail to have
the intended result; if the goal is not clear, the message will be confused. Disturbance at any
stage in the communication process affects the entire process. Communication is both
interaction and transaction. The two participants, the source and the receiver, exchange ideas
and information and influence each other during the process of communication. They also
come to a shared and common meaning as a result of the communication. They share as well
as exchange thoughts and meanings. Definitions of Communication Communication has been
defined by many theorists; some of these definitions are quoted here.

• Communication is a process of passing information and understanding

from one person to another. - Keith Davis

• Communication is any behaviour that results in an exchange of meaning.

- The American Management Association

• Communication may be broadly defined as the process of meaningful

interaction among human beings. More specifically, it is the process by

which meanings are perceived and understandings are reached among

human beings. - D. E. McFarland

• Communication is the process by which information is passed between

individuals and/or organisations by means of previously agreed symbols. 4

(Khari Boli), English, Punjabi, Sindhi, Bengali, Urdu, Gujarati, Marathi, Malayalam, Tamil, Telugu,
Kannada,

Konkani, Assamese, Oriya, Sanskrit, Arabic and foreign languages like French, German, Spanish
etc. and seven
dialects- Avadhi, Brajbhasha, Kannauji, Bhojpuri, Bihari, Uram and Nepali. The city of Kanpur is
linguistically an

area of Kannauji dialect in the so-called Hindi belt. Kannauji itself is a dialect of Western
(Paschimi) Hindi and is

prevalent in this area of Kanpur-Kannauj-Etawah-Shahjahanpur-Farrukhabad-Hardoi.

Repertoire of an area is

defined by its societal pattern, historical background and of course linguistic behaviour. 5

4.Process of Communication5

In order to analyse the activity of communication, we must know the process

and the elements involved in the process of communication.

There are seven elements or factors which make up the process of communication:

1. Source /Sender, is the one who initiates the action of communicating

2. Audience !Receiver is the person(s) for whom the communication is intended

3. GoallPurpose is the sender's reason for communicating, the desired result

of the communication

4. Message/ Content is the information conveyed

5. Medium /Channel is the means or method used for conveying the message

6. Feedback is the receiver's response to the communication as observed by

the sender

7. Environment /Context is the background in which the communication takes

place. .

Each of these is complex; any analysis of communication has to take into

account the various possibilities of each of these.

The process of communication involves decisions and activities by the two

persons involved, the sender and the receiver.

The sender initiates the process of communication. The sender has to be clear

about the purpose (or goal or objective) of the communication and about the target

audience (or receiver) of the communication; that is, the sender decides why and to

whom to send a message. Conscious or intended communication has a purpose. We

communicate because we want to make someone do something or take some action,

or think or feel in a certain way, that is, to influence the person.

The source has to decide what information to convey and create the message

(or content) to be conveyed by using words or other symbols which can be understood

by the intended receiver. The process of putting the idea into symbols is called

encoding; in order to encode, the sender has to select suitable symbols which can

5. Environment

6represent the idea, and can be understood by the receiver.

The sender also chooses' a suitable channel or medium (like mail, e-mail,

telephone, face-to-face talk,) by which to send the message. The choice of the

medium depends on several factors like urgency of the message, availability and

effectiveness of a medium, and the relationship between the two communicants. 6

Communication takes place in an environment. Environment

includes several things. The most obvious is the place in which the communication

takes place; if it is pleasant and comfortable, the communication is better. If it is hot,

noisy and uncomfortable, it is less effective. Noise or disturbance in the environment

usually hinders the flow of communication.

Another aspect of the environment is circumstances. The circumstances of each

communicant, each one's position in the organisation, the usual work that each one

does, and the present state of mind of each one, can all influence the communication

procef!ls.

The present relationship between the two is another factor in the environment;

it is difficult for persons to communicate with each other if their relationship is not

good.

The political, cultural, legal, technological environment influences communication

as these factors may affect each one's situation and opinion about the content of a

message.

Time as an element of the environment, has three aspects:

(a) The time of the communication (first thing in the morning, just before or

just after lunch, when it is almost closing time) affects the communication.

(b) The length of time taken by a communication event (how long the

presentation or the meeting or the conversation goes on) influences the

quality of the communication. Too long can be tiring and boring; too short

may be inadequate and one of them may feel that insufficient attention was

given by the other.

(c) There is a right time for giving some information. If it is given too late, it

may be useless; if it is too early, receivers may not be ready for it and may

not understand it. 7

 Chapter III
ANALYSIS THE CONTENT OF THE BOOK

 This paper proposes to understand the usage of varieties of languages and dialects
found in a language society.

Language and society are so inter-dependent that they construct, define and grow with each
other. As a result, it

becomes quite interesting to note the social behaviours mirrored in different language usages,
variety of codes and

resultant code mixing and code-switching.8

 The Strength of Book and The Weakness of Book

1. Suitability of the problem with the field of science Book of suitability problem with
science is an accordance with no shortage of any because of the author included
some problems
2. The title of Book have a bold
3. The name of author that's right to write as the rule of written
4. Abstract is completely to write as the rule of written

Chapter IV
CLOSING

 Discussion : The discussion from this Book really good becausebthis Book made
detail data with the true condition.
 Conclusion : The conclusion from this Book has a summary all the content of the
Book.
 References : The Book is very unbelievable in the gift of information on the
reference but the author does not write the edition of the Book.