ONE WAY ANOVA

One way ANOVA is used when there is one dependent variable and one independent variable.

Further the dependent variable is matric or continuous or scale. For example : job satisfaction or
marks or TGPA.

Independent variable is nominal or categorical. For example: leadership style or section ( A/B/C/D)

The null hypothesis is the population mean of all groups are equal. We use F test to check the null
hypothesis .

The two assumptions need to be check first

1) Data for dependent variable should be normal for all the categories. The steps for checking the
normality : (OPTIONAL)
a) Click on “Analyse”
b) Then “Descriptive statistics”
c) Then “Explore”
d) Drag “ Job satisfaction” on “dependent list”
e) “LS” and “Style” are independent variable hence we will drag it to “ Factor list”.
f) Click on “ Plots”. Then in Plots click on “Normality plots with Levene test”
g) Then click on “ Continue”
h) Then click on “ok”
i) Check the table “Tests of normality”.
j) Now “ Kolmogorov-Smimov” should be greater than 0.05 . If it is greater than .05 then the
first condition is full filled.
k) So while writing interpretation we have to write “ Since the Kolmogorov-Smimov value is
greater than 0.05 for all the three variables . That means the condition of normalities is
made “

2) There should be equality of variance . It means for students will have different marks in all
sections but there standard deviation should be equal . Steps are as follows:
a) Click on "Analyse”
b) Then “Compare means”
c) “ One way ANOOVA “
d) Drag “ Job satisfaction” on “dependent list”
e) “LS” and “Style” are independent variable hence we will drag it to “ Factor list”.
f) Then click om “ Options “
g) Then click on “ Homogeneity of variance test”.
h) Then click on “ continue “
i) Then we will reach to a table named “ Test of Homogeneity “.
j) The P value of levene statistics should be greater than 0.05.
k) Cheak the Sig( P value ) of ANOVA. If it is less then 0.05 we will reject the null hypothesis.

To check which group is different we conduct “ Post hac analysis” . Its steps are as follows:

a) Click on “ Analyse”
b) Then on “ Compare means”
c) Click “one way AVOVA”
d) Click on “ Post Hoc..”
 e) If sample size are equal we use “Tukey”and if sample size are unequal we will do “Gabriel” or
“Hochbergs GT2". If variation of sample size is not so big we select “Gabriel” and if variation
of sample size is very big we do “Hochbergs GT2".If levene test is failed we do “Games-
Howell” .

Descriptives
JS

95% Confidence Interval for

Mean

N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Lower Bound Upper Bound Minimum Maximum

1 16 63.75 8.466 2.116 59.24 68.26 50 80

2 16 64.69 9.911 2.478 59.41 69.97 45 85
3 16 46.56 14.343 3.586 38.92 54.21 20 70
Total 48 58.33 13.812 1.994 54.32 62.34 20 85

General description is required

Test of Homogeneity of Variances

JS

Levene Statistic df1 df2 Sig.

3.378 2 45 .071

P>.05, significant
This means there is homogeneity of variance
ANOVA
JS

Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

Between Groups 3332.292 2 1666.146 13.307 .000

Within Groups 5634.375 45 125.208
Total 8966.667 47

Since sig (P) is less than 0.05, reject Ho.

Mean of all groups are not equal.

Post hoc analysis

Multiple Comparisons
Dependent Variable: JS

Mean Difference 95% Confidence Interval

(I) LS (J) LS (I-J) Std. Error Sig. Lower Bound Upper Bound

Tukey HSD 1 2 -.938 3.956 .970 -10.53 8.65

3 17.188* 3.956 .000 7.60 26.78

2 1 .938 3.956 .970 -8.65 10.53

3 18.125* 3.956 .000 8.54 27.71

3 1 -17.188* 3.956 .000 -26.78 -7.60

2 -18.125* 3.956 .000 -27.71 -8.54

Games-Howell 1 2 -.938 3.259 .955 -8.98 7.11

3 17.188* 4.164 .001 6.80 27.58

2 1 .938 3.259 .955 -7.11 8.98

3 18.125* 4.359 .001 7.31 28.94

*
3 1 -17.188 4.164 .001 -27.58 -6.80

2 -18.125* 4.359 .001 -28.94 -7.31

*. The mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level.

1-2 0.970 not significant 1 n 2 are same

1-3 sig 1n 3 are different

2-3 sig 2 n 3 are different

YOUR ASSIGNMENT:

First 30 students: select TGPA (First trimester) of 15 students (random) from each section (A,B,C,D)
. and apply one way ANOVA.

Next 27 students: First 30 students: select TGPA (Second Trim) of 15 students from each section
(A,B,C,D) . and apply one way ANOVA.
Next Class Two Way