LECTURE 8.
CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
is a method for ensuring that
all the activities necessary to
design, develop and
implement a product or
service are effective and
efficient with respect to the
system and its performance
FOUR MAIN COMPONENT OF
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
1) QUALITY
PLANNING
Involves identifying which quality
standards are relevant to the project and
determining how to satisfy them.
FOUR MAIN COMPONENT OF
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
2) QUALITY
ASSURANCE
refers to planned and systematic
production processes that provide
confidence in a product's suitability
for its intended purpose. It is a set of
activities intended to ensure that
products (goods and/or services)
satisfy customer requirements in a
systematic, reliable fashion
FOUR MAIN COMPONENT OF
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
3) QUALITY
CONTROL
In engineering and manufacturing, quality
control and quality engineering are
involved in developing systems to ensure
products or services are designed and
produced to meet or exceed customer
requirements. These systems are often
developed in conjunction with other
business and engineering disciplines using
a cross-functional approach.
FOUR MAIN COMPONENT OF
CONSTRUCTION PROJECT
QUALITY MANAGEMENT
4) QUALITY
IMPROVEMENT
These cover product improvement,
process improvement and people
based improvement.
Quality Concepts
A. Quality. The totality of features and
characteristics of a product or service
that bear on its ability to satisfy or
implied needs.
Quality Concepts
The stated implied needs would therefore have
to be met by the designer and builder. These
include:
For Design
*Aesthetics (good design taste)
*Functionality (design does what it is intended
to; meet building code requirements)
*Safety (safe for occupiers; meet building code
requirements)
* Cost (within clients budget)
Quality Concepts
For Construction
Workmanship (quality of constructed work)
Integrity (according to drawings and
specifications)
Completion time in the project according to
clients requirements
Quality Concepts
Quality Control (QC). The operational
techniques and activities that are used to fulfill
requirements for quality. These are control
techniques and activities to ensure a product or
a service meets specifications.
Quality Concepts
Quality Assurance (QA). All those
planned and systematic actions
necessary to provide adequate
confidence that a product or service
will satisfy given requirements for
quality.
Quality Concepts
Quality Management (QM). That aspect
of the overall management function that
determines and implements the quality
policy. Quality management requires top
management commitment and
involvement.
Quality Concepts
Quality System. The organizational
structure, responsibilities, procedures,
processes and resources for implementing
quality management. The objective of the
quality system is to enable individual
employees to know their contribution and
responsibility.
Quality Concepts
Total Quality Management (TQM). A
management approach of an organization
centered on quality, based on the
participation of all its members and aiming
at long term success through customer
satisfaction, and benefits to the members
of the organization and to society.
Quality Concepts
Continuous Improvement Process (CIP). Is
concept which recognizes that the world is
constantly changing and any process that is
satisfactory today may well be unsatisfactory
tomorrow.
Quality Concepts
Areas of Waste in Projects
1.Waste in rejects of completed work
2.Waste in design flaws
3.Waste in work-in-process
4.Waste in motion for manpower
5.Waste in management
6.Waste in manpower
7.Waste in facilities
8.Waste in expenses.
The Concept of Customer
Meeting customers needs is implicit in the
definition of quality. In essence, the
customer is the immediate recipient of any
output produced.
Major Cost Categories of Quality
a)
Prevention Cost cost to plan and execute a project so
that it will be error free. Some areas of prevention cost
include planning of the scope, budget, performance and
duration to meet customer requirements.
(i Training, ii. Process capabilities studies, iii. Surveys of
vendors/suppliers,
iv. Surveys of
subcontractors)
b)
Appraisal Cost- cost of evaluating the processes and
the output of the process to ensure the product is
error free. ( inspection and testing of products,
maintenance ad test equipment, cost to process and
report inspection data)
Major Cost Categories of Quality
c)
Internal Failure Cost cost incurred to correct an
identified defect before the customer receives the
product. (scrap and rework, inventory costs)
d)
External Failure Cost relates to all errors not
detected and corrected before delivery to the
customer. (warranty cost, product liability)
e)
Measurement and Test Equipment capital cost of
equipment used to perform prevention and appraisal
activities.
Achieving Quality
on Projects
IMPROVING
PRODUCTIVITY
Plan-Do-Check-Act Cycle
PLAN
QUALITY PLAN
ACT
DO
QUALITY IMPROVEMENT
QUALITY ASSURANCE
CHECK
QUALITY CONTROL
Quality Planning identify which quality standards are relevant
to the project and determining how to satisfy them
1.
Input
Quality Improvement
Quality Policy
Project Description
Standard Regulation
3.
2.
Tools and Techniques
Benefit/Cost Analysis
Benchmarking
Flowcharting
Outputs
Quality Management Plan
Operational Definitions]
Checklist
Quality Assurance - evaluating overall project performance on a
regular basis to provide confidence that the project will
satisfy the relevant quality standards
1.
2.
3.
Input
Quality Management Plan
Results of quality control measurement
Operational Definitions
Tools and Techniques
Quality Planning (Tools and Techniques)
Quality Audits
Outputs
Quality Improvements
Quality Control - monitoring specific project results to
determine if they comply with the relevant quality standards
and identify ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory
performance
1.
2.
Input
3. Outputs
Works results
Quality Improvements
Quality Mngt Plan
Acceptance Decisions
Operational Definition
Rework
Checklist
Completed Checklist
Process Adjustments
Tools and Techniques
Inspection
Seven New Quality Control Tools
(Pareto Analysis, Data Tables, Cause-Effect Analysis, Trend Analysis
Histograms, Scatter Diagrams, Control Charts) and other Management
Tools and Techniques
Quality Improvement - includes taking action to increase the
effectiveness and efficiency of the project maintaining and
improving the current standard
1.
Input
2.
3.
Quality Improvement Philosophy and Principles
Tools and Techniques
Suggestion Scheme
5s (Sort, Systematize, Sweep, Sanitize, Self-Discipline)
Work Simplification (Work Measurement & Work Study)
Quality Circle
ISO 9000 (Quality Management System Standards)
Output
Improved Quality Standard
Construction Project Quality Management must address
both the management of the project and the product of
the project. Failure to meet quality requirements in either
dimension can have serious negative consequence for any
or all of the project stakeholders
Why Quality Assurance?
Why Quality Control?
Why Quality Assurance?
A good quality assurance system in the
construction will:
Identify objectives and standards
Be multifunctional and prevention
oriented
Plan for collection and use data in a
cycle of continuous improvement
Plan for the establishment of and
maintenance of performance measure
Why Quality Control?
It is a process of diagnosis and cure. As the
facility is erected and commissioned it is
checked against the specification to ensure that
it is of the required standard, and any variance
are eliminated. The activities by which this is
done must be (a) planned, (b) tested, ( c)
recorded and, (d) analysed.
Planned: quality control consumes resources, and so
activities must be planned so that those resources are
allowed for in the projects estimated and are available to
conduct the tests at the right time
Tested: it must be known that the method of checking the
specification will highlight variances
Recorded: the results must be recorded to provide a
historical record for planning future projects, and to be able
to analyse trends
Analysed: the results must be analysed to determine the
cause of any variance so it can be eliminated and the
analysis of trends can indicate potential problems before
they occur.
IS CONSTRUCTION
SCHEDULE
IMPORTANT TO
ATTAIN
PRODUCTIVITY IN
CONSTRUCTION?
IMPORTANCE OF QUALITY PROJECT PLANNING AND
SCHEDULING IN CONSTRUCTION
(we are concerned with the
timing
SCHEDULING
PROJECT
MANAGEMENT
CYCLE
aspects, that is, how much
duration to be allocated in
the activity
Project Scheduling
a. Time Estimates
b. Timing Calculations
c. Job Scheduling
The objectives of the Project Quality Management is defined as
an attempt to make the most efficient and effective use of the
resources:
* Money
* Manpower
* Machine/Equipment
* Methods
* Materials
Proper utilization of resources will result a higher productivity,
improve performance and customer satisfaction
OST
PROJECT
QUALITY
ime
MANAGEMENT
uality
References:
Ireland, Lewis, Quality Management for
Projects and Programs. Project Management
Institute; illustrated edition. 2007
Lam Siew Wah, Low Chin Min, and Tengt
Wye Ann, ISO 9000 in Construction,
McGrawHill Book Co., 1994
Rose, Kenneth, Project Quality
Management, Amazon.com, Inc. 2005
