CONDITON MONOTORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS USING

FUZZY LOGIC SYSTEM

A Project Presentation under the supervision of

DR. CHILAKA RANGA
By
1. KOLAN SAI GANESH ELECT-309/16
2. RAHUL MEENA ELECT 337/16
3. BODULA RATNA SAGAR ELECT-189/16
4. IRSHAD AHMAD TEELI ELECT-152/16
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
NIT SRINAGAR
CONTENTS:

1. INTRODUCTION

2. FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH

3. THE PROPOSED FUZZY LOGIC BASED

TRANSFORMER OVERALL HEALTH INDEX MODEL

4. 16 FUZZY RULES TO DETERMINE THE OVERALL

HEALTH INDEX OF TRANSFORMERS

5. FUZZY LOGIC MODEL FOR INCIPIENT FAULT

DIAGNOSIS

6. CONCLUSION
1.INTODUCTION:

CONDITION MONOTORING OF POWER TRANSFORMERS

THROUGH FUZZY LOGIC EXPERT SYSTEM

Power transformers are the vital units of power system. The

service life of power transformer is determined by liquid and
their solid insulations . electrical and thermal stress will
produce inside the transformers will reduce the life span of the
insulation. These stresses accumulate several dissolved gases
within the transformer and produce over heating, partial
discharge and arching.
Commonly induced gases are H2, C2H2, C2H6, C2H4, CH4, CO,
and CO2. The change in concentrations of gases will identify the
various faults. Fuzzy logic models are used to determine the
condition of transformers. These model use the results of
various diagnostic tests, e.g., degree of polymerization of the
transformer insulating paper, furan content, acidity, dissipation
factor, breakdown voltage, water content and total dissolved
combustible gases. Electrical and thermal of the transformer oil
and paper are determined by using dissolved gas analysis (DGA)
which helps you to find out the health index. The present fuzzy
logic model is used to find out health index and determining
the incipient faults present within the transformers. Hence it
got an advantage over DGA short comings. These incipients
faults including corona discharge in the oil generate H2. High
temperature oil induce C2H4, H2, CH4 and C2H6. Where CH4
and C2H6 are also generated at low oil temperatures. The
incipient faults to such cases are not identified by DGA
techniques. However , the FL model proposed in the present
work over comes the short comings.

2.FUZZY LOGIC APPROACH:

It is very helpful tool to determine the overall health index of

power transformers. It can results the various diagnostic tests
and experience of transformer diagnosis experts. It provides
more reasonable and decision making for transformers, in
order to ensure reliability and maintainability.
Fuzzy logic models are discussed under three sub sections. They
are fuzzification, fuzzy inference and de fuzzification.
A membership function that defines how a given input is
mapped to a degree of membership ( DOM), between 0 to 1.
membership functions have different shapes namely ,
triangular, trapezoidal, gaussian and gauss 2. Here in this model
we are using Triangular MF.
A TRIANGULAR MEMBERSHIP FUNCTION

Where x is an input variable,

a and b are the lower and the upper limit of the triangular.
M is the centre of the MF. If the input lies between a and
 m then the DOM lies in between 0 to 1 and same follows
to m and b. when the input lies exact at m then the DOM
will be exactly unity. Thus the fuzzification converts the
input crisp into fuzzy form 0 to 1.

FUZZY INFERENCE & DEFUZZIFICATION

• The process of mapping the inputs with output by specially

designed rules is known as fuzzy inference.
• In the present work, a widely used Mamdani maximum-
minimum fuzzy inference method.
• This method determines the output MF based on the set
of fuzzified inputs and the set of fuzzy rules.
• A precise value from the truncated output MF is
determined in defuzzification stage of the method.
• In the present work de fuzzification has been performed
by using the center of gravity method.
3.THE PROPOSED FUZZY LOGIC BASED TRANSFORMER
OVERALL HEALTH INDEX MODEL:

The proposed health index model integrates different fuzzy

logic models to determine the overall health pf the
transformers. The model determines the health index of both
oil and paper, effect of individual dissolved gases
concentrations on oil condition, and incipient faults present
within the transformers.

OIL HEALTH INDEX USING INDIVIDUAL DISSLOVED GAS

CONCENTRATIONS

DGA is the most widely used method to determine the health

condition of the transformer oil. As per IEEE standard C57.104-
2008, the gas concentrations are divided into 4 groups, namely,
excellent, good, poor and bad oil health respectively. The total
dissolved combustible gas TDCG is generally used to determine
the condition of the transformer oil. It is often found in
transformer oil samples that the concentration of a particular
lies in group 1 , but concentrations other remains in other
groups. In such a cases it is very difficult to determine the
overall health condition of the transformer TDCG data. To over
come the shorting the present FL model is uses the
concentrations of H2, CH4, C2H4, C2H2 and C2H6. These gases
are generated at high oil tempertures and strongly influence
the health of the oil. Each of the five inputs were fuzzified into
4 MFS namely low, medium, high and very high.
Total health index of the transformers is equal to the sum of
the oil health index and paper health index.
In present model a total of 16 fuzzy rules were formed in order
to determine the overall HI , based on OHI and PHI.

4.16 FUZZY RULES TO DETERMINE THE OVERALL HEALTH

INDEX OF TRANSFORMERS:
5.FUZZY LOGIC MODEL FOR INCIPIENT FAULT DIAGNOSIS:

It is essential to determine the incipient fault in addition to

their overall health index.
It is often found that the health index of transformer is
excellent but they may be subjected to dangerous partial
discharge and arcing faults.
In order to overcome the factor we use a fuzzy model
incorporating IEC ratio code method to determine the incipient
faults.
The fuzzy logic method uses three ratios i.e X1=CH4/H2,
X2=C2H2/C2H4 and X3=C2H4/C2H6.
These inputs have been fuzzified into 4 triangular shaped MFs.
For all inputs MFs the lower and upper limits were finalized .
The four MFs of input X1 and their DOMS between 0 and 1 and
similarly for each of other two will be obtained.
The output of the proposed model was scaled in the range of 0
to 9 in to 9 triangular shaped MFs.

Thus the proposed fuzzy logic model successfully determines

the health indices of oil and paper, the overall health index, and
the type of dominant incipient fault present within a
transformer subjected to single or multiple faults. Further, it
also determines the fault severity.

6.CONCLUSION:
The current fuzzy logic model to determine the overall health
index of the transformers.
It integrates the results of the various diagnostic tests of
transformers namely dissolved gas analysis, water content,
acidity, dissipation factor and furan contents. this method
determines the health indices of transformer oil and paper
insulation transformer separately.
It can analyze the individual dissolved gas concentrations on
the health of the transformer. It also identifies the type and
severity of incipient fault present within the transformers.
It can overcome the shortcomings of conventional DGA in
identifying the various incipient faults..
Based on the overall health index and type of the incipient
fault, the proposed model suggests an appropriate action for
the successful operation of transformers.
NOTE:
ALL THE CURRENT FUZZY MODEL STIMULATION IS BEING
PROCESSED IN MATLAB SOFTWARE