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ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL
TECHNICAL PAPER
Title no. 105-S55
Where is Shear Reinforcement Required? Review of Research Results and Design Procedures by Michael P. Collins, Evan C. Bentz, and Edward G.
Sherwood This paper reviews the past 60 years of research on shear behavior with attention paid to the behavior of beams ranging from shortspan
deep beams to members controlled by exure. A database of 1849 tests is included and conclusions based on these tests are made concerning the
safety of the shear provisions currently in use in North America. The paper concludes that using the current ACI shear provisions to decide where
shear reinforcement is required can be unconservative for members with larger effective depths, or higher stresses in the longitudinal
reinforcement. Improvements to the ACI Code are proposed to mitigate these weaknesses. The paper also demonstrates that the AASHTO-LRFD
and Canadian CSA sectional and strut-and-tie provisions provide a more uniform level of safety for all member types. Keywords: aggregate
interlock; safety; shear; size effect; strain effect; strut-and-tie.
INTRODUCTION A well-designed reinforced concrete structure, if subjected to extreme overloads, should fail in exure rather than shear. Such
structures are tough, give ample warning of approaching failure, and are often capable of resisting surprisingly large loads.1 Unlike exural failures,
reinforced concrete shear failures are relatively brittle and, particularly for members without stirrups, can occur without warning. Because of this,
the prime objective of shear design is to identify where shear reinforcement is required to prevent such a failure, and then in a less-critical decision,
how much is required. Shear reinforcement, usually called stirrups, links together the exural tension and exural compression sides of a member
and ensures that the two sides act as a unit. Shear failures involve the breakdown of this linkage and, for members without stirrups, typically
involves the opening of a major diagonal crack in the manner shown in Fig. 1.2 The current ACI sectional design procedures3 for both exure and
shear were developed in the 1950s as part of research aimed at developing ultimate strength design methods. Whereas the exural procedure
developed was recognized as rational and general, it was acknowledged in the seminal 1962 report of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 3264 that they
had not succeeded in developing a “basically rational theory for effects of shear.” They wrote that while the problem was not fundamentally solved
“in some areas, research has amassed suf cient data from which reliable empirical design procedures may be established.” The proposed design
equation for the shear strength of members without stirrups, which is now Eq. (11-5) of ACI 318-08, was intended to be conservative enough so that
“the ultimate strength of beams resulting from practical design will be governed by exure rather than by shear.” In closing, the committee
emphasized that further research work was required “not only to evaluate and improve practical design 590
Fig. 1—Brittle shear failure of 39 in. (1000 mm) deep member without stirrups.2 procedures, but also to establish a basically rational theory of shear
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traditional ACI equation for Vc becomes less conservative as member depth d increases; as concrete strength fc′ increases; as maximum aggregate
size decreases; and as stress in the longitudinal reinforcement fs increases. The consequences of these trends for many members are mitigated by
the ACI requirement for minimum shear reinforcement where Vu exceeds 0.5φVc. Unconservative designs, however, are still possible for some wide
beams, slabs, footings, and joists that are exempt from this requirement. Figure 2 shows three situations where current ACI shear design
procedures may result in members with inadequate safety. The thick one-way slab in the condominium building transfers closely-spaced wall loads
from the upper stories to more widely-spaced walls below, the large strip footings transfer wall loads to the soil, while the thick roof slab of a
subway tunnel carries high soil pressures across the subway opening. The thickness of each element has been chosen using ACI 318-08 so that φVc
just exceeds Vu and, hence, shear reinforcement is not required. The purpose of this paper is to review what is now known about the shear strength
of reinforced concrete members without stirrups by examining over 1800 available experimental results and comparing these results to predictions
from ACI Structural Journal, V. 105, No. 5, September-October 2008. MS No. S-2007-103 received March 12, 2007, and reviewed under Institute
publication policies. Copyright © 2008, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved, including the making of copies unless permission is
obtained from the copyright proprietors. Pertinent discussion including author’s closure, if any, will be published in the July-August 2009 ACI
Structural Journal if the discussion is received by March 1, 2009.
ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
Michael P. Collins, FACI, is a University Professor and Bahen-Tanenbaum Professor of Civil Engineering at the University of Toronto, Toronto, ON,
Canada. He is a member of Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 445, Shear and Torsion. His research interests include the development of rational and
consistent shear design speci cations for structural concrete applications. ACI member Evan C. Bentz is an Associate Professor of Civil Engineering
at the University of Toronto. He is a member of ACI Committee 365, Service Life Prediction, and Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 445, Shear and Torsion.
His research interests include the mechanics of reinforced concrete, service life modeling, and the creation of practical tools that transfer reinforced
concrete research into the engineering community. ACI member Edward G. Sherwood is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering at Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada. His research interests include integrating modern analytical methods,
rehabilitation techniques, and advanced materials with current reinforced and prestressed concrete design practice.
current North American shear design procedures. The prime objective is to identify situations where current design procedures result in members
that have an unacceptably high risk of shear failure. RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE This review of shear research on members without stirrups from the
past 60 years demonstrates weak and strong areas of current shear provisions. The results of this comparison will allow engineers to identify
members in their own structures where a more conservative shear design procedure is appropriate during the design of new structures and for
evaluation of existing structures. SHEAR BEHAVIOR OF FLEXURAL MEMBER If design engineers understand the fundamentals of shear behavior,
the risk of their structures suffering brittle shear failures will be reduced. To help develop such understanding, the behavior of the thick transfer slab
described in Fig. 2, which contains Grade 60 reinforcement (410 MPa) and is made from 5000 psi (35 MPa) concrete with a 3/4 in. (19 mm)
maximum aggregate, will be discussed. Longitudinal reinforcement designed to satisfy the exural requirements of ACI 318-08 is shown in Fig. 3(a),
along with the service loads (79% of which are due to dead loads) that the slab must resist. Based on laboratory experiments6 on slab strips, it is
expected that under these service loads the crack pattern in the transfer slab will be similar to that shown in Fig. 3. At this load level, the stress in
the top longitudinal reinforcement where it crosses Crack a will be 44 ksi (305 MPa), whereas the average shear stress V/(bwd) in the concrete at
the section a distance d from the face of Wall W2 will be 80 psi (0.56 MPa). Under factored loads, this shear stress increases to 103 psi (0.71 MPa). The
vertical crack at the face of Wall W5 will not pose a risk of shear failure. If the crack is so wide that the entire shear at this section is carried in the
uncracked exural compression zone, then the maximum shear stress in this zone would be 480 psi (3.31 MPa). The bene cial effect of the biaxial
compressive stresses at this location means that it would take an applied shear stress of approximately 1130 psi (7.8 MPa) to reach a principal tensile
stress of 283 psi (1.95 MPa) which, for this concrete, is the ACI value for diagonal cracking. The real risk of a brittle shear failure is at the locations of
inclined Cracks b and c, with the second of these two cracks being the most dangerous. Because the vertical compressive stresses introduced by
Wall W2 fan out into the slab over a distance of approximately d, the tensile stresses in the top longitudinal reinforcement stay reasonably constant
for most of this distance. Outside of ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
Fig. 2—Examples of shear-critical members.
Fig. 3—Behavior of thick transfer slab. this disturbed region, beam action begins and the tension in the reinforcement decreases as moment
decreases. The tensile stress in the top reinforcement where it crosses Cracks b and c can be calculated from free body diagrams 591
Fig. 4—Sixty years of shear research.
like that shown in Fig. 3(d) as 36 and 25 ksi (250 and 173 MPa). This change in reinforcement stress means that an average shear stress of 89 psi (0.61
MPa) is required on the horizontal plane between these two cracks (refer to Fig. 3(b)). The change in tensile force in the top reinforcement tries to
rotate the vertical concrete cantilever between Cracks b and c in a counterclockwise direction (refer to Fig. 3(c)). If there were no shear stresses v
acting on Cracks b and c, equilibrium would require a clockwise moment M at the base of the concrete cantilever that would result in a maximum
vertical tensile stress at the base of the cantilever of 680 psi (4.7 MPa) under the service loads. As this tensile stress is approximately 2.4 times the
concrete diagonal tensile strength, the concrete cantilever would fail. For beam action to occur, it is thus essential that Cracks b and c transfer
signi cant shear stress. If the shear stresses on the crack faces equal V/(bw jd), as determined by Mörsch,7 they will provide all of the clockwise
couple needed for equilibrium. As loads are increased, widening of Cracks b and c reduces the shear stresses that can be transmitted across these
cracks, which will cause some vertical tensile stresses at the root of Crack c. Eventually, the combination of these vertical tensile stresses and the
shear stresses will cause the existing steep exural shear crack to propagate into the exural compression zone at a at angle, destroying the shear
connection between the two sides of the member, and resulting in the characteristic S-shaped failure crack shown in Fig. 3(e). The key question is
what is the shear stress that will cause this catastrophic shear failure? Equation (11-5) of ACI 318-08 predicts that, for this member where the M/(Vd)
ratio at the critical section is 1.37 and ρw is 0.48%, shear failure will occur at 143 psi (0.99 MPa), which is 1.79 times the service load shear stress. As
φVn exceeds the factored applied shear force by 4%, the ACI Code indicates that this member does not require shear reinforcement. 592
BRIEF OVERVIEW OF 60 YEARS OF SHEAR RESEARCH To appreciate the context in which current shear design procedures were developed, a brief
review will be given of shear research conducted during the 60 years that deformed reinforcing bars have been widely used. Figure 4 shows how
experimental shear research has varied in intensity over this period. For the earlier years, reinforced concrete design was based on limiting stresses
at service loads, and the ACI shear provisions8 stated that stirrups were not required if the shear stress caused by service loads did not exceed
0.03fc′ . Failures4 of 36 in. (914 mm) deep beams in two Air Force warehouses showed that these provisions could be unsafe, and the resulting surge
in shear research led to the revisions proposed by Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 326 that still form the basis of the current ACI shear provisions. These
proposed changes were intended to be a “revision of the fundamental philosophy of shear…design” whereby the failure shear stress was formulated
to be a function not only of the concrete strength but also of the coexisting moment expressed in terms of the parameter M/(ρwVd). This
parameter was chosen because it was assumed that failure shear stress v would decrease as the longitudinal steel stress fs increased and this steel
stress equals approximately M/(ρwVd) times v. When the distance from the applied load to the nearest reaction point (that is, the shear span) was
short, it was observed that the members failed “at loads as much as 100% greater” than the diagonal cracking load. However, because it was
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believed that this post-diagonal cracking strength could not be reliably predicted, the failure load was assumed to be equal to the diagonal
cracking load. In the 25 years after 1960, considerable research was Agree
conducted into the mechanisms by which cracked reinforced concrete beams
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transmitted shear. Shear force in a region indicates that the moment is changing along the length of the member. Fenwick and Paulay9 pointed
out that moment can change either by tension in the reinforcement changing, which is called beam action, or by the internal lever arm changing
along the length, which is called arch action. If arch action is to carry the entire shear in a region that has constant shear, then the concrete
compression zone must form an inclined strut going from the load to the support. It was shown that, because of the geometric incompatibility of
the two mechanisms, with beam action typically being much stiffer than arch action, nearly all of the shear would be carried by beam action until
this mechanism failed. After failure of the beam mechanism, an internal redistribution of stresses could occur and the remaining arch mechanism
could then carry even higher shears if the distance between the applied load and the support was suf ciently short. Using detailed measurements
of cracked beams and direct measurements on subassemblies, Fenwick and Paulay9 were able to conclude that approximately 70% of the vertical
shear at a exurally cracked section is carried across the exural crack and that for slender beams without stirrups, it is the breakdown of aggregate
interlock action that triggers the shear failure. The key role played by aggregate interlock in transferring shear stresses across inclined exural
cracks was later con rmed by Taylor,10 Kani et al.,11 and Sherwood et al.6 Walraven’s12 fundamental studies showed that the shear stress that can
be transmitted across a crack by aggregate interlock decreases as crack width increases and as aggregate size decreases. The 1978 CEB-FIB model
code13 made clear that crack widths could be calculated as the product of crack ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
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Fig. 6—Distribution of longitudinal strains in simply supported member.
Fig. 5—Variation of failure shear stress with member width and member depth. spacing times average tensile strain in the concrete, and then
Frantz and Breen14 pointed out that for large beams, crack widths at middepth could be up to three times as wide as those near the exural
tension face because the crack spacing near middepth was much greater. By testing reinforced concrete elements subjected to pure shear in a
specially designed testing system, Vecchio and Collins15 developed the modi ed compression eld theory (MCFT), which uses equilibrium,
compatibility, and stress-strain relationships to predict the shear response of cracked reinforced concrete elements. For members with only
longitudinal reinforcement, the theory predicts that failure will occur when the shear stress on the crack faces required for equilibrium reaches the
maximum shear stress that can be transmitted by aggregate interlock. The predicted failure shear stress decreases as the predicted width of the
inclined crack increases. Thus, failure shear decreases as tensile strain in the longitudinal reinforcement increases, which is called the strain effect,
and as crack spacing near middepth increases, the size effect. In the 1960s, Kani et al.11 conducted 362 shear tests on concrete beams without
stirrups in an attempt to systematically change all major variables in uencing shear ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
strength. His experiments16 showed that the basic ACI equation overestimated the in uence of changing concrete strength and underestimated
the in uence of changing the parameter M/(ρwVd). He also concluded17 that the shear stress at failure decreased as member depth increased.
Because his deep specimens contained a large quantity of longitudinal reinforcement (ρw = 2.8%), however, they did not indicate that the ACI Code
equations were unconservative. In the last 20 years, a number of major projects studied how the failure shear stress of members with less than 1%
of longitudinal reinforcement varied as either width or depth of the test specimens were changed while keeping all other variables constant. The
results from some of the larger of these test series2,6,18-21 are summarized in Fig. 5 along with earlier tests22 investigating width effects. It can be
seen that while the failure shear stress of a series of elements does not signi cantly change as the width of specimens is increased, there is a
consistent and signi cant decrease in failure shear stress as depth of the specimens is increased. In these size effect series, it was noted19 that the
spacing of exural cracks at middepth of the specimens was approximately 0.5d, hence for the same reinforcement tensile stress, the crack widths
at middepth increased as the depth of the specimens increased. Note that members with either high values of the steel stress parameter M/(ρwVd)
or members with large depths failed at shear stresses much less than the 2√fc′ (psi) (0.17√fc′ [MPa]) given by ACI.3 Finally, it is important to realize
that strain in the exural tension reinforcement depends not only on moment but also on shear. Figure 6 shows the crack pattern and measured
longitudinal strains in a simply supported, large reinforced concrete member23 subjected to a point load at midspan. If all the cracks were vertical,
strain in the longitudinal reinforcement 593
containing stirrups, these simpli ed MCFT provisions predict that the sectional failure shear stress will be 222 f c′ Vc -------- = ------------------------------
-----------------------bw d ( 1 + 1500ε x ) ( 39 + s xe )
(psi, in.)
468 f c′ Vc -------- = ------------------------------------------------------------ (MPa, mm) bw d ( 1 + 1500ε x ) ( 1000 + s xe )
(1)
where, in the denominator, the rst term models the strain effect and the second term models the size effect. The longitudinal strain at middepth,
εx, assumed to be one-half of the strain in the exural tension reinforcement, is calculated by V ( 1 + 1.1M/ ( Vd ) ) ε x = -----------------------------------------
---2E s A s
Fig. 7—Updated version of gure used to derive ACI Eq. (11-5). in the cracked concrete would be M/(jdEsAs) and it can be seen that this is accurate
near midspan. At the critical shear location, however, which is approximately d out from the point load, the cracks are inclined and the strain in the
longitudinal reinforcement is more accurately predicted as (M/jd + V)/(EsAs). ACI SECTIONAL SHEAR DESIGN PROVISIONS Using all relevant
experimental data and based on the understanding of shear at the time, Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 326 developed what is now Eq. (11-5), using a
graph similar to that shown in Fig. 7, by drawing a sloping straight line near the bottom of the available data cloud. The resulting equation
predicted reasonably well the diagonal cracking loads of the 430 specimens from 18 references that were studied for the 1962 report,4 giving a
mean
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the basic equation be rearranged in terms of fs, as shown in Fig. 7, because for many practical designs, fs would be close to the reinforcement yield
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strength fy. Because the effect of changing steel stresses within the practical range is predicted by Eq. (11-5) to be small, design engineers typically
use the simpli ed Eq. (11-3) of ACI 318-08. This equation states that the failure shear stress V/(bw d) of a member without stirrups depends on only
the concrete strength and is given by 2√fc′ (psi) (0.17√fc′ [MPa]). In using these equations, the value of √fc′ is now limited to 100 psi (8.31 MPa) and
M/(Vd) is not to be taken less than 1. AASHTO-LFRD AND CSA SECTIONAL DESIGN PROCEDURES FOR SHEAR In 1994, the AASHTO-LRFD shear
procedures, which are based on the MCFT and account for both the size effect and the strain effect, were published.24 A simpli ed version of these
sectional design shear provisions was developed25,26 for the 2004 Canadian concrete code27 (CSA A23.3-04). For nonprestressed members not
subjected to axial loads and not 594
(2)
In using this equation, M and V are always positive quantities and the term 1.1M/(Vd) is not to be taken as less than 1. The effective crack spacing at
middepth is a function of the beam depth and the aggregate size. For members made with 1 in. (25 mm) aggregate or larger, sxe = 0.77d; for 3/4 in.
(20 mm) aggregate, sxe = 0.9d; for 3/8 in. (10 mm) aggregate, sxe = 1.2d; and for high-strength concrete (fc′ > 10,000 psi [70 MPa]) where cracks tend
to go through the aggregate, sxe = 2d. In all cases, √fc′ in Eq.(1) is limited to a maximum of 100 psi (8.31 MPa). When using these equations for
design, εx is determined from Eq. (2) using Vu and Mu, and then Vc can be directly obtained from Eq. (1). For analysis of existing structures, Eq. (1)
and (2) must be solved simultaneously. While this is not algebraically complex, it is usually simpler to estimate εx (for example, 0.001) and use this
estimate to determine the failure shear V from Eq. (1), and then use Eq. (2) to check the accuracy of the initial estimate of εx. When the resulting
strain equals the assumed strain, convergence is achieved. STRUT-AND-TIE DESIGN PROCEDURES A signi cant advance in ACI shear procedures
was the introduction of a strut-and-tie model for shear design of members with short shear spans into ACI 318-02.28 These new procedures permit
post-diagonal-cracking capacity of members with short shear spans to be taken into account. They were in uenced by the strut-and-tie provisions
in the 1984 Canadian concrete code (CSA)29 and by the pioneering work of Schlaich et al.30 The procedures will be illustrated by considering a
series of tests conducted by Kani et al.,11 the results of which are shown in Fig. 8. It can be seen that for longer specimens, shear strength was not
strongly in uenced by changes in shear span. When a/d was less than approximately 2.5, however, a small decrease in shear span caused failure
shear to greatly increase. In addition, the bearing plate size was found to be a signi cant variable only for short shear spans. These differences result
from longer specimens being controlled by the breakdown of beam action while crushing of a concrete strut controls the shear strength of shorter
spans. Also shown in Fig. 8 are the variations of shear strength with shear span predicted by the ACI and CSA procedures. It can be seen that for this
particular geometry, ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
Eq. (11-5) and Eq. (1) give very similar predictions and both agree well with the test results of the longer beams. The predictions for post-diagonal
cracking strengths were made using the strut-and-tie model described in Fig. 8. Both the predictions obtained for strut crushing from ACI and
those from the AASHTO31 and CSA provisions are shown. The principal difference between these provisions lies in the assumed failure stress of the
diagonal strut. The ACI provisions assume that this strut will crush at an effective compressive strength fce equal to 0.85 × 0.60fc′ = 0.51fc′ . The
AASHTO and CSA provisions, which are based on the MCFT, assume that the strut failure stress reduces as the average principal tensile strain ε1
increases, in the following manner fce = fc′ /(0.8 + 170ε1) ≤ 0.85fc′
(3)
ε1 = εs + (εs + 0.002)cot2θs
(4)
where
In this equation, εs is the strain in the longitudinal reinforcement crossing the strut that can be calculated from the tension force in the
longitudinal tie, as V·cotθs/(EsAs). As the shear span increases, angle θs decreases, and this causes ε1 to increase and fce to decrease. In the ACI
method, fce remains constant but a lower limit of 25 degrees is placed on the angle θs. For both sets of procedures, failure shear is calculated as the
vertical component of the crushing load of the diagonal strut, where the width of the strut, ws, is calculated as shown in Fig. 8. Finding predicted
strengths involves determining the thickness of the top horizontal strut so that the stress in this strut equals the assumed failure stress of 0.85fc′ .
DATABASE OF SHEAR FAILURES FOR MEMBERS WITHOUT STIRRUPS To assemble a database of shear experiments on reinforced concrete
members without stirrups, 114 references, mostly in ACI publications, were studied, which gave details of 1849 shear tests of normalweight,
nonprestressed concrete members not subjected to axial load and containing deformed longitudinal steel reinforcement. Figure 4 shows the
number of reported tests for each 2-year period and summarizes the type of loading used. It can be seen that 84% of tests involved simply
supported beams subjected to point loads, whereas only 1% simulated continuous members subjected to uniform loads. It is striking that only 144
of the 1849 tests have depths greater than 22 in. (560 mm) and that most of these larger specimens have been tested in the last decade. In total,
1696 of the specimens were reported to fail in shear, whereas 153 of the specimens were reported to fail in exure. In addition to eliminating
specimens that were reported to be exural failures, specimens for which the maximum moment applied to the specimen during the experiment
exceeded 1.10Mn, where Mn is the nominal moment capacity calculated by ACI 318-08, were also eliminated. This left 1601 de nite shear failures in
the database. Because different parameters in uence the shear strength of members with short shear spans, the tests were also divided into two
groups. Members for which the shear span a equaled or exceeded 2.5d were de ned as slender and would be expected to be controlled by the
breakdown of beam action. For members subjected to uniform loads, the location of the resultant of the uniform loads causing the ACI Structural
Journal/September-October 2008
Fig. 8—In uence of shear span-depth ratio on failure shear stress. shear at the support was treated as the location of the equivalent point load.
Thus, for simply supported members, the shear span will equal 0.25L. This approach, recommended by Kani,16 is supported by experiments from
Leonhardt and Walther.32 Based on these de nitions, there were 1098 shear failures of slender members and 503 shear failures of short members.
The speci c details of all of these tests are given in a separate Appendix.* In formulating the basic ACI shear equation in 1962, Joint ACI-ASCE
Committee 326 examined the results of 430 experiments,4 241 of which lie within the practical range of variables shown in Fig. 7. With the new
database, an additional 1065 more recent data points can be plotted within the axis range shown on Fig. 7. For most designs, the value of the
parameter 1000ρwVd/(M√fc′ ) will be less than 0.25 and in this range it can be seen that the slope of the data cloud is much greater than the slope
predicted by Eq. (11-5). This means that Eq. (11-5) underestimates the decrease in shear strength that results from an increase in the reinforcement
stress fs. Whereas only 3% of the original 1962 results shown fall below the line de ned by Eq. (11-5), more than 14% of the newer and larger database
results fall below the line. More critically, approximately 1% of the more recent results failed at less than half the load predicted by Eq. (11-5), which for
slabs, footings, and some wide beams could indicate a serious risk of failure at service loads, as these
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* The Appendix is available at www.concrete.org in PDF format as an addendum to the published paper. It is also available in hard copy from ACI
headquarters for a fee equal to the cost of reproduction plus handling at the time of the request.
595
Fig. 9—Observed failure shear stresses for slender members. members are exempt from the requirement to provide stirrups when Vu exceeds
φVc/2. To speci cally identify the combinations of factors that lead to these unsafe situations, a systematic study was made of the shear failures in
the database. The 1098 shear failures of slender members and 503 shear failures of short members were further divided into nine subgroups
depending on the member depth d and the values of the parameter M*/(ρwVd). This parameter is a measure of the stress in the longitudinal
reinforcement, fs, at the critical shear section including the moment shift effect shown in Fig. 6. For slender members, the critical section is taken
as being d from applied point loads and d from the support for uniformly loaded specimens. The parameter is calculated as M∗ M + Vd M/Vd + 1 ----
--------- = ------------------ = ----------------------ρ w Vd ρ w Vd ρw
(5)
The stress fs can be determined by multiplying the parameter by v/j (refer to Fig. 7). For point loaded members, this value of fs corresponds to the
steel stress at the maximum moment location. For a shear critical member with 4000 psi (28 MPa) concrete and Grade 60 reinforcement, where Vu
= φ2√fc′ bwd, the shear stress v under factored loads will be 95 psi (0.65 MPa), 596
while fs will be 54,000 psi (372 MPa). Assuming that j = 7/8, the parameter M*/(ρwVd) will then equal 497. Based on this, the three ranges selected for
the steel stress parameter were M*/(ρwVd) greater than 500, where the design steel stress would be high, M*/(ρwVd) less than 200 where the design
steel stress would be low, and M*/(ρwVd) between 200 and 500, which would encompass most practical designs. With regard to member depths,
the three ranges selected were: d less than 12 in. (305 mm), de ned as small; d larger than 22 in. (560 mm), de ned as large; and d between 12 and
22 in. (305 to 560 mm), de ned as medium. Figure 9 summarizes the results of the study for the nine groups of slender members in terms of a
failure shear stress ratio β, which is calculated as β = VTEST/(bwd√fc′ ). A value of β less than 2 indicates that Eq. (11-3) of ACI 318-08 is unconservative.
For each group, the gure shows the number of specimens in the group, the average value of β for these specimens, and the value of β for which
5% of the specimens in the group failed at lower values. Note that small specimens with low steel stresses make up 54% of the 1098 slender
specimens. It can be seen that β systematically decreases as specimens become larger and systematically decreases as steel stress increases, clearly
showing the size effect and the strain effect predicted by the MCFT. Only 5% of the small specimens with low steel stress failed at less than a β of
2.54 (VTEST < 2.54√fc′ bwd) indicating that in this case, Eq. (11-3) is very safe. On the other hand, for large specimens with high steel stress, β is only
1.03 on average, indicating that for these members, the ACI assumption that β can be taken as 2.0 is clearly unsafe. For the practical range of
reinforcement stresses, Fig. 9 indicates that it is unsafe to use Eq. (11-3) for large members. For high steel stresses, the equation is unsafe for all
member sizes. Figure 10 is a similar summary for the members with short shear spans. As predicted by the strut-and-tie models, the failure shear
stress ratios for such members are all much higher than those for the slender members and there is no strong evidence of a size effect. For these
types of members, Eq. (11-3) will nearly always be safe. ACCURACY OF NORTH AMERICAN SHEAR DESIGN PROCEDURES ACI 318-083 states that
one purpose of the strength reduction factors is “to allow for inaccuracies in the design equations.” If these inaccuracies are greater than those
assumed in the original choice of the φ factor, then structural safety may be compromised. Figure 8 shows that for one series of tests, accurate
predictions of shear strength can be obtained by taking the larger of the calculated beam action failure shear and strut crushing failure shear.
Figure 11 summarizes the results of applying this approach to all 1601 shear failures in the database. Figure 11(a) is based on Eq. (11-5) and the ACI
strut-and-tie model, whereas Fig. 11(b) is based on Eq. (1) and the CSA/ AASHTO strut-and-tie model. To highlight the unconservative tests, the plot
has been made with VCALC /VTEST , meaning that the y-coordinate on the plot shows the required nominal safety factor to ensure that a particular
test would not have indicated possible failure at service loads. If the ratio VACI /VTEST exceeds 1.5, the nominal factor of safety against shear failure
for a case where dead load equals live load would be reduced from (0.5 × 1.2 + 0.5 × 1.6)/0.75 = 1.87, to less than 1.25. The ratio VACI/VTEST exceeded 1.5
for 56 of the tests, which included both members governed by strut ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
Fig. 10—Observed failure shear stresses for members with short shear spans. crushing (a/d < 2) and members governed by Eq. (11-5). For short shear
span members, the ACI predictions became less conservative as the strut angle became lower. Many of the unconservative results for the longer
members involved either very large members or members with high steel strains. Figure 11(b), with the same 1601 shear failures, shows that the CSA
procedures lead to a much less scattered data cloud with only three of the VCSA/VTEST ratios exceeding 1.5. Because the CSA code uses somewhat
different load factors and strength reduction factors, a VCSA/VTEST value of 1.5 still leaves a nominal factor of safety of 1.41. All three of these
unconservative results are for short shear span members with high-strength concrete governed by strut crushing. It seems that the CSA strut
crushing criterion, while appropriately accounting for the in uence of lowering the strut angle, is less conservative for specimens with high
concrete strength even though the CSA upper limit of 80 MPa (11,600 psi) was applied to fc′ when calculating strut crushing loads. Using the more
conventional ratio of VTEST/VCALC and tting a normal distribution to the lower 50% of the database,33 the ACI procedures results in a normal
distribution with an average value of VTEST/VCALC of 1.36 and with a coef cient of variation of 26.9%. The CSA procedures result in an average of 1.21
and a coef cient of variation of 15.3%. ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
Fig. 11—Ability to accurately predict 1601 observed shear failure loads. The values of the ACI strength reduction factors were initially chosen34 based
on the concept that only 1% of members should fail at less than φ times the nominal strength. On this basis, using the ACI procedures to nd Vn for
members
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CSA or AASHTO procedures were used for Vn, then φ would need to be 0.78. Figure 12(a) shows the VACI /VTEST ratios for the 1343 shear failures that
Agree & close
the ACI procedures indicate are governed by breakdown of beam action. It can be seen that as the specimen depths increase and the
reinforcement stress increases, the ratios become less conservative. In addition, a number of the very unconservative results are associated with
high concrete strengths or small aggregate sizes. Note that while there are unconservative tests at both small and large depths, the unconservative
small members are governed by the strain effect whereas for larger depths, all members are unconservative regardless of concrete strength or
strain effect terms. Because the CSA and AASHTO procedures more accurately account for the in uence of depth, reinforcement strain, concrete
strength, and aggregate size, the VCSA/VTEST values plotted in 597
construction convenience the maximum aggregate size was reduced to 3/8 in. (10 mm), Eq. (1) would predict failure at service load. If, instead, the
engineer decided to use reinforcing steel with 80 ksi (550 MPa) yield as permitted by the 2008 Code, the amount of exural reinforcement would
have been reduced by 25% and the resulting higher strains at service load would again result in failure predicted at service loads. Based on these
results, it is evident that the thick transfer slab as designed has an unacceptably high risk of undergoing a brittle shear failure and that shear
reinforcement is required in the slab between Walls W5 and W6. Until the ACI shear equations are improved, it would be prudent to be more
conservative than the ACI Code when deciding where shear reinforcement is needed. For this purpose, it is recommended that the sectional shear
strength for members without stirrups, Vc, be calculated either from Eq. (1) or by a simpli ed version of this equation. Such a version can be
formulated by recognizing that if a member fails in shear rather than exure, the maximum value of the strain in the exural tension reinforcement
will be less than the yield strain of the reinforcement, εy, and that at this stage there will also be a small compressive strain on the opposite side of
the member. Based on these two considerations, it is conservative to assume that εx in Eq. (1) equals 0.42εy and so the failure shear stress can be
calculated as 220 f c′ Vc -------- = ------------------------------------------------------------ ≤ 2 f c′ (psi and in.) bw d ( 1 + f y /46,000 ) ( 39 + s xe ) (6) 470 f c′ Vc - ≤
0.17 f c′ (MPa and mm) -------- = ---------------------------------------------------------b w d ( 1 + f y /320 ) ( 1000 + s xe )
Fig. 12—Ability to accurately predict breakdown of beam action. Fig. 12(b) are reasonably consistent for all 1188 shear failures, which these
procedures predict are governed by breakdown of beam action. Fitting a normal curve to the unconservative half of these sectional failures gives
an average value of VTEST /VCSA of 1.19 and a coef cient of variation of only 12.9%, which approaches the quality of exural predictions.
IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS If ACI 318-08 procedures are used to determine the failure mode of the thick transfer slab described in
Fig. 3, they would calculate that a ductile exural failure would occur when the service loads are increased by a factor of 1.44 whereas a brittle shear
failure would not be predicted to occur unless the service loads could be increased by a factor of 1.79. Based on this, the designer would assume
that this is a well-designed structure. As shown in this paper, however, the current ACI shear equations can be very unconservative for a large,
lightly reinforced member such as this, and the failure load would be much more accurately predicted by Eq. (1). This equation predicts that the
transfer slab will suffer the brittle shear failure illustrated in Fig. 3(e) if the service loads are increased by a factor of just 1.10. If for 598
where, for normal-strength concrete with 3/4 in. (20 mm) aggregate, sxe = 0.9d. As the values of Vc given by Eq. (6) never exceed the value of Vc
permitted by ACI Eq. (11-3), members designed using Eq. (6) satisfy the ACI Code. The result of following this recommendation is that members that
are exempt from Section 11.4.6 of ACI 318-08 will contain minimum shear reinforcement if Vu exceeds φVc, whereas the members that are not
exempt will contain minimum shear reinforcement if Vu exceeds 0.5φVc, where in both cases Vc is given by Eq. (6) and φ = 0.75. For the thick
transfer slab, Eq. (6) predicts a nominal failure shear stress of 83 psi (0.58 MPa). As φvc would then be 62 psi (0.43 MPa) and vu is 103 psi (0.71 MPa),
minimum shear reinforcement is required. Grade 60 single-leg No. 6 stirrups spaced on a 22 x 22 in. (560 x 560 mm) grid would satisfy minimum
shear reinforcement requirements.3 When such reinforcement is provided, it controls the spacing6,35 of the inclined cracks and then sxe in Eq. (6)
can be taken as 12 in. (305 mm). Using ACI Eq. (11-15) for Vs, the nominal failure shear stress of the transfer slab, reinforced with the grid of No. 6
single leg stirrups, would be V c A v f yt Vn -------- = -------- + ----------- = 132 + 55 = 187 psi (1.29 MPa) (7) bw d bw d bw s Thus adding minimum shear
reinforcement has more than doubled the shear strength, meaning that the service loads ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
now need to be increased by a factor of 2.34 before a shear failure is predicted. The capacity of the transfer slab will thus be governed by exure
and, hence, the slab will qualify as a well-designed concrete member. If Vc is calculated by Eq. (6) for the roof slab of the subway tunnel and the
footing supporting the wall described in Fig. 2, then minimum shear reinforcement would also seem to be required for both of these members.
While such reinforcement is required for the subway roof slab,2 strut-andtie action will enable the relatively short shear span of the footing to safely
resist a shear stress at least equal to that predicted by ACI Eq. (11-3). For such a member, it has been recommended36 that Eq. (11-3) is safe, provided
that the distance from the face of the wall to the end of the footing is less than 3d. For the footing shown in Fig. 2, this distance is 2.4d. If minimum
shear reinforcement is added to a large slender member, the shear strength of the member will greatly increase and, in addition, the failure will
become much more ductile.6,20 Because of this, it is recommended that all beams and slabs with high importance for the integrity of the
structure contain at least minimum shear reinforcement satisfying ACI Eq. (11-13). As larger beams and thicker slabs generally support more of the
structure than smaller members, it is recommended that all beams and slabs with an overall thickness greater than 30 in. (760 mm) contain at
least this minimum shear reinforcement. CONCLUDING REMARKS Most structural engineers take the failure shear stress of a member without
stirrups as a function only of the concrete strength (Vc = 2√fc′ bwd) and then use this value to determine if and where stirrups are required. This
paper has shown that this traditional assumption can lead to unsafe designs and can result in engineers making decisions that inadvertently
increase the chance of a brittle shear failure. The new load factors introduced in 2002,28 for example, have resulted in higher stresses in exural
reinforcement at service loads and thus are predicted to have lowered the already low safety factor for shear. It is important that engineers realize
that in addition to concrete strength, shear is also strongly affected by member depth, crack roughness, and the coexisting strain in longitudinal
reinforcement. To meet the stated objective that the “ultimate strength of beams resulting from practical designs will be governed by exure
rather than by shear,”4 it will be necessary to update the basic ACI expression for the shear strength of members without shear reinforcement (Eq.
(11-5)) and, more importantly, the simpli ed version of this expression that is used in nearly all designs (Eq. (11-3)). The research reviewed in this
paper shows that whereas the empirically derived ACI expression correctly indicates that failure shear will decrease as the stress in the longitudinal
reinforcement increases, more recent test data indicates that the in uence of this strain effect is much greater than originally assumed. For a
cracked reinforced concrete member to continue to carry load by beam action, it is necessary that shear stresses be transmitted across the cracks
by aggregate interlock action. High stress in the longitudinal reinforcement and/or wider crack spacing will cause wider crack widths and, thus,
lower shear strengths. High concrete strengths and small aggregate sizes result in cracks with smoother faces that also limit the shear stress that
can be carried. Equation (1), which is based on the MCFT, predicts the strain effect, the size effect, and the in uence of concrete properties in a
reliable manner and ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
hence could be considered as an update of Eq. (11-5) which accounts for the last 40 years of shear research. A simpli ed version of the MCFT
equation suitable for day-to-day design is given in this paper as Eq. (6). With the reinforcement grade and the maximum aggregate size known,
this equation is only marginally more complex than the current design equation. If in deciding where shear reinforcement is needed, the engineer
uses Eq. (6) of this paper rather than Eq. (11-3) of the ACI Code, the resulting structure will satisfy the ACI Code. More importantly, if the resulting
structure is subjected to an overload, it should fail in a ductile exural mode rather than a brittle shear mode and hence will be a well-designed
reinforced concrete structure. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to express their gratitude to the Natural Sciences and Engineering
Research Council of Canada for a series of grants that have made possible the long-term research project on the shear design of reinforced
concrete at the University of Toronto.
REFERENCES 1. Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P., “Investigating the Collapse of a Warehouse Structure,” Concrete International, V. 12, No. 3, Mar. 1990,
pp. 72-78. 2. Collins, M. P., and Kuchma, D., “How Safe Are Our Large, LightlyReinforced Concrete Beams, Slabs and Footings?” ACI Structural
Journal, V. 96, No. 4, July-Aug. 1999, pp. 482-490. 3. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and
Commentary,” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2008, Agree465 pp. 4. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 326, “Shear and Diagonal Tension,”
& close
ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings V. 59, No.1, 2, and 3, Jan., Feb., and Mar. 1962, pp. 1-30, 277-334, and 352-396; also discussion and closure, V. 59, No. 10, Oct.
1962, pp. 1323-1349. 5. Joint ACI-ASCE Committee 445, “Recent Approaches to Shear Design of Structural Concrete. State-of-the-Art Report by ASCE-
ACI Committee 445 on Shear and Torsion,” Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, V. 124, No. 12, Jan. 1998, pp. 1375-1417. 6. Sherwood, E. G.; Bentz, E.
C.; and Collins, M. P., “Effect of Aggregate Size on Beam-Shear Strength of Thick Slabs,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 104, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 2007, pp. 180-
191. 7. Mörsch, E., Concrete-Steel Construction, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1909, 368 pp. 8. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for
Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-51),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1951, 64 pp. 9. Fenwick, R. C., and Paulay, T., “Mechanisms of
Shear Resistance of Concrete Beams,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 94, No. ST10, Oct. 1968, pp. 2235-2350. 10. Taylor, H. P. J.,
“Investigation of Forces Carried across Cracks in Reinforced Concrete Beams in Shear by Interlock of Aggregate,” TRA 42.447, Cement and Concrete
Association, Wexham Springs, UK, 1970, 22 pp. 11. Kani, M. W.; Huggins, M. W.; and Wittkopp, R. R., “Kani on Shear in Reinforced Concrete,”
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 1979, 225 pp. 12. Walraven, J. C., “Fundamental Analysis of Aggregate
Interlock,” Journal of the Structural Division, ASCE, V. 107, No. ST11, Nov. 1981, pp. 2245-2270. 13. CEB-FIP, “Model Code for Concrete Structures: CEB-
FIP International Recommendations,” third edition, Comité Euro-Internationale du Béton/ Fèdèration Internationale de la Précontrainte, Paris,
France, 1978, 348 pp. 14. Frantz, G. C., and Breen, J. E., “Cracking on the Side Faces of Large Reinforced Concrete Beams,” ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings
V. 77, No. 5, May 1980, pp. 307-313. 15. Vecchio, F. J., and Collins, M. P., “The Modi ed Compression Field Theory for Reinforced Concrete Elements
Subjected to Shear,” ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings V. 83, No. 2, Mar.-Apr. 1986, pp. 219-231. 16. Kani, G. N. J., “Basic Facts Concerning Shear Failure,” ACI
JOURNAL, Proceedings V. 63, No. 6, June 1966, pp. 675-692. 17. Kani, G. N. J., “How Safe are Our Large Concrete Beams?” ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings
V. 64, No. 3, Mar. 1967, pp. 128-141. 18. Shioya, T.; Iguro, M.; Nojiri, Y.; Akiyama, H.; and Okada, T., “Shear Strength of Large Reinforced Concrete Beams,”
Fracture Mechanics: Applications to Concrete, SP-118, V. C. Li and Z. P. Bažant, eds., American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 1989, pp. 259-
279. 19. Shioya, T., “Shear Properties of Large Reinforced Concrete
599
Members,” Special Report, Institute of Technology, Shimizu Corp., No. 25, Feb. 1989, 198 pp. (in Japanese) 20. Lubell, A.; Sherwood, T.; Bentz, E.; and
Collins, M. P., “Safe Shear Design of Large, Wide Beams,” Concrete International, V. 26, No. 1, Jan. 2004, pp. 66-78. 21. Sherwood, E. G.; Lubell, A. S.;
Bentz, E. C.; and Collins, M. P., “One-Way Shear Strength of Thick Slabs,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 103, No. 6, Nov.-Dec. 2006, pp. 794-802. 22.
Rajagopalan, K. S., and Ferguson, P. M., “Exploratory Shear Tests Emphasizing Percentage of Longitudinal Steel,” ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings V. 65,
No. 8, Aug. 1968, pp. 634-638. 23. Sherwood, E. G., “One-Way Shear Behaviour of Large, LightlyReinforced Concrete Beams and Slabs,” PhD thesis,
Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2007, 547 pp. 24. AASHTO, “LRFD Bridge Design Speci cations and
Commentary,” rst edition, American Association of State Highway and Transportation Of cials, Washington, DC, 1994, 1091 pp. 25. Bentz, E. C.;
Vecchio, F. J.; and Collins, M. P., “The Simpli ed MCFT for Calculating the Shear Strength of Reinforced Concrete Elements,” ACI Structural Journal, V.
103, No. 4, July-Aug. 2006, pp. 614-624. 26. Bentz, E. C., and Collins, M. P., “Development of the 2004 CSA A23.3 Shear Provisions for Reinforced
Concrete,” Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, V. 33, No. 5, May 2006, pp. 521-534. 27. CSA Committee A23.3, “Design of Concrete Structures,”
Canadian Standards Association, Mississauga, ON, Canada, 2004, 214 pp. 28. ACI Committee 318, “Building Code Requirements for Structural
Concrete (ACI 318-02) and Commentary (318R-02),” American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, 2002, 443 pp.
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29. Mitchell, D., and Collins, M. P., “Rational Approach to Shear Design—The 1984 Canadian Code Provisions,” ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings V. 83, No. 6,
Nov.-Dec. 1986, pp. 925-933. 30. Schlaich, J.; Schafer, K.; and Jennewein, M., “Towards a Consistent Design of Reinforced Concrete Structures,” PCI
Journal, V. 32, No. 3, May-June 1987, pp. 74-150. 31. AASHTO, “LRFD Bridge Design Speci cations and Commentary,” third edition, American
Association of State Highway and Transportation Of cials, Washington, DC, 2004, 1264 pp. 32. Leonhardt, F., and Walther, R., “The Stuttgart Shear
Tests 1961,” a translation of articles that appeared in Beton und Stahlbetonbau, V. 56, No. 12, 1961, and V. 57, No. 2, 3, 6, 7, and 8, 1962, Cement and
Concrete Association Library Translation No. 111, Wexham Springs, UK, Dec. 1964, 134 pp. 33. Nowak, A. S., and Szerszen, M. M., “Calibration of Design
Code for Buildings (ACI 318): Part 1—Statistical Models for Resistance,” ACI Structural Journal, V. 100, No. 3, May-June 2003, pp. 377-382. 34.
MacGregor, J. G., and Wight, J. K., Reinforced Concrete: Mechanics and Design, fourth edition, Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2005,
1132 pp. 35. Angelakos, D., Bentz, E. C., and Collins, M. P., “Effect of Concrete Strength and Minimum Stirrups on Shear Strength of Large Members,”
ACI Structural Journal, V. 98, No. 3, May-June 2001, pp. 290-300. 36. Uzel, A., “Shear Design of Large Footings,” PhD thesis, Department of Civil
Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2003, 383 pp.
ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008
Appendix to ACI Paper Paper Title: Where is Shear Reinforcement Required? A Review of Research Results and Design Procedures Authors:
Michael P. Collins, Evan, C. Bentz, and Edward G. Sherwood Summary: This appendix provides the experimental data and references to generate
the results shown in this paper. Details of 1849 shear tests are included from the past 60 years. In addition, worked examples of the strut-and-tie
calculations and the sectional calculations of the AASHTO/CSA method are included. Introduction: The tests included in this database were found
through an exhaustive search of the papers in the ACI Journal published between 1948 and Dec. 2006. No relevant tests were found in ACI papers
from before 1948. No papers in the ACI Journal were intentionally ignored, and all test results within these papers were included in the database.
Thus the full database (1849 tests) includes a number of reported exural failures as these tests were included within papers on shear. The analyses
in the paper were based solely on the beams reported to have failed in shear, however. In addition to the ACI Journal, a selection of other references
were also checked including the ASCE Journal from the mid 1950’s to Dec. 2006, available issues of the Magazine of Concrete Research,
Engineering Structures, Transactions of the Japan Concrete Institute, student theses and published test reports. Finally, tests included in other
published databases were also included. Thus the database in this paper is a superset database and includes all relevant tests from the 326 report
database [ACI 1962], the database used by Brown, Bayrak and Jirsa [ACI 2006], the database of Reineck et al. [ACI 2003], and the database of
Tureyen and Frosch [ACI 2002]. The general rules for selecting members for the database were the following: - reinforced concrete (no limits on
concrete strength) - rectangular or Tee beam sections - No axial load, no prestressing - No stirrups, no bers - Steel reinforcement (no limits on
yield strength) - Normalweight concrete - Deformed longitudinal reinforcement. (thus the 1962 Van den Berg tests were not included) - Point loads
or uniform loads, simply supported or continuous - Bar cutoffs were allowed, and these tests are marked in the database - Bundled bars are
acceptable if the ACI limit of no more than 4 bars per bundle is satis ed. - Reported anchorage and bond failures were removed and do not appear
in the database. - No geometrical limits on member size were used. The following experiments were intentionally removed: - The last 10 uniformly
loaded tests by de Cossio and Seiss14 did not make sense. They were listed as failing at twice the nominal moment capacity and yet the reported
strain gauge readings indicated no yield. In addition, the 326 Report from about the same time showed different derived values from these same
tests and therefore they were removed. - In the tests of Batchelor and Kwun (ASCE 1981), a number of the tests results did not make sense. These
tests were performed in a statically indeterminate con guration and only some of the tests showed self-consistent results. These were included
and the others were ignored.
Columns in the database: bw b h d a:M/V: a:STM: Load type: a/d: bear ρw A fc’ ag fy M/ρVd: Rep. Mode: MMAX/MN: Vu β
Web width (mm) Flange width. (mm) (compression assumed to remain
Agreein&top ange for exural calcs) Overall member depth (mm) Member
close
effective depth (mm) Distance from point of in ection to maximum moment location. (mm) For members with uniform loads, this value was taken
as 0.25L (see text in paper) Distance from center of applied load to center of support. (mm). (Used for strut-and-tie) Uniform versus concentrated
loads. See gure on Page 4 of this appendix Taken as (a:M/V)/d as this parameter is used for sectional strength calculations longitudinal length of
bearing plate on exural tension side (mm). Taken from text of paper, gures (assumed to be to scale), or simply assumed. If paper suggests that
beam was supported on a knife-edge, the bearing length was taken as 10 mm. Percentage of reinforcement based on web width (As/bwd) This
column contains an “X” if the member had bar cutoffs Concrete cylinder strength at date of testing (MPa). Taken as 80% of cube strength if cylinder
strength not available. Maximum speci ed size of coarse aggregate. Assumed as ¾ in. (19 mm) if not listed Yield strength of exural reinforcement.
Taken as 483 MPa (70 ksi) if not listed. Derived parameter at the critical section for shear. (see Fig. on Page 4) Reported mode of failure: “F” = exure,
“S” = shear (which includes diagonal-tension, shear-compression, “shear proper” exure-shear etc.) Ratio of maximum observed moment to
nominal moment capacity. Maximum observed shear force (kN) Ratio β = Vu /(bw d f c′ ) . This number can be directly compared to the “2” in Eq. 11-
3.
CSA Mode:
Predicted mode of failure by CSA code: “F” = exural failure, “S” = sectional shear failure by breakdown of beam action, “C” = crushing shear failure of
strut in strut-and-tie model CSA Exp/Pred: Ratio of observed shear strength to predicted shear strength (sectional or strut-and-tie) for members
that were reported to fail in shear and which failed with MMAX/MN ≤ 1.10 ACI Mode: Predicted mode of failure by ACI code: “F” = exural failure, “S” =
sectional shear failure by ACI 318 Eq. 11-5, “C” = crushing of strut by ACI strut-and-tie provisions. ACI Exp/Pred: Ratio of observed shear strength to
predicted shear strength (sectional or strut-and-tie) for tests that were reported to fail in shear and for which MMAX/MN ≤ 1.10 Note: Values in the
database that are shaded use assumed values as the original paper did not fully explain what was done in the test or because the exact value of the
parameter was not crucial to behaviour (e.g. exact yield strength of reinforcement for tests that clearly failed in shear). Differences in shading color
do not have signi cance. Conversion Factors: 1 inch = 25.4 mm; 145 psi = 1 MPa;
225 lbs = 1 kN
Example Strut and Tie Calculations by AASHTO/CSA method The following steps were used to determine the strut-and-tie predictions for this
paper. The numerical example is given for specimen “2” of the P series of Leonhardt specimens (#363 in database). fc’ = 32.4 MPa, shear span from
center of load to center of support, a:M/V = a:STM = 400 mm. d = 270 mm, h = 320 mm, b = 190 mm, bearing length ℓb = 100 mm, As = 1062 mm2, fy
= 465 MPa. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14)
15)
16) 17) 18)
Calculate the exural compression depth “a ex” assuming yield of longitudinal bars. a ex = As·fy/(b·0.85fc’) = 94.5 mm. This provides a rst guess of
the value chosen in step 2. Select a depth of exural compression associated with the actual stress in the longitudinal bars at strut-and-tie shear
failure, aselect. (say, 60 mm) Determine the angle of principal compression: αs = atan((d-0.5·aselect)/(ashear) = 30.96° Determine ratio of diagonal
strut force to total applied load (D/P) = 0.5/sin(αs) = 0.972 Determine ratio of tension tie force to total applied load (T/P) = (D/P)·cos(αs) = 0.833
Calculate width of strut for this geometry: bstrut = ℓb· sin(αs) + 2·(h-d) ·cos(αs) = 137.2 mm. Estimate value of applied load P at failure, say P = 400 kN
Calculate compressive stress in strut, f2 = P·(D/P)/(bstrut·bw) = 14.9 MPa Calculate strain in tension chord, εs = P·(T/P)/(AsEs) = 1.57 x10-3 Calculate
principal tensile strain ε1 = εs + (εs + 0.002)·cot2(αs) = 11.49 x10-3 Determine maximum allowable strut stress f2MAX = fc’/(0.8 + 170 ε1) ≤ 0.85 fc’ = 11.8
MPa. In this calculation, fc’ is not being taken larger than 80 MPa for the CSA code. Calculate ratio of f2/f2MAX =1.27. This value should equal 1.000
when converged. Calculate new estimate of applied load Pnew = P/((1 + f2/f2MAX )/2) = 353 kN. Iterate back to step 7 until applied load P converged.
At this stage, the force P is the maximum force that can be resisted by the strut for the given geometry assumed in step 2. For this example,
convergence occurs at 335.3 kN Calculate stress in exural compression chord, recalling that the compressive force is equal to the tension force:
f ex = P·(T/P)/(aselectbw) = 24.5 MPa. This value should equal 0.85fc’ when fully converged. Calculate new estimate of aselect-new = aselect·((1+
f ex/(0.85 fc’)/2) = 56.7 mm. Iterate with this value until convergence on both the inner loop of steps 7-14 and the outer loop of steps 3-17. Final
convergence in this case occurs with aselect = 54.0 mm and P = 342.8 kN.
These calculations can be easily performed with a spreadsheet. Multiple analyses may be performed simultaneously by calculating the strut-and-
tie strength within one row of the spreadsheet. Then by copying the columns from Step 14 back to Step 7 the inner convergence routine can be
automated. By copying the results from Step 17 to Step 2, the outer convergence routine can be automated as well. For the ACI strut-and-tie
method, the maximum allowable stress in step 11 is equal to 0.51fc’. In addition, if the angle αs is less than 25º, then the strength is taken as zero.
Example Sectional Calculation by AASHTO/CSA method Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) simultaneously leads to a quadratic whose solution is: ⎡ ⎡ ⎤ ⎤ 19333 m f
c′ Vc ⎢ = ⎢1 + ⎥ − 1⎥ bw d ⎢ ⎢⎣ 43.6(39 + s xe )⎦⎥ ⎥ m ⎣ ⎦
(inch and psi units)
or ⎡ ⎡ 7.02 ⋅ m f ′ ⎤ ⎤ Vc 133.3 c = ⎢ ⎢1 + ⎥ − 1⎥ bw d ⎢ ⎢⎣ (1000 + s xe ) ⎥⎦ ⎥ m ⎣ ⎦ where: 1 ⎛ M ⎞ m= + 1⎟ ⎜1.11 Vd ρw ⎝ ⎠
M a − d 0.5a = ≥ Vd d d
(mm and MPa units)
M = (0.25L / d − 0.5) Vd
M ( L / d − 1) = Vd ( L / d − 2)
Additionally: f c′ should not exceed 8.305 MPa (100 psi) -
Effective aggregate size, ag,eff , needed for higher strength concrete. If fc’ < 60 MPa, ag,eff = ag. If fc’ > 70 MPa, ag,eff = 0. Linearly interpolate for
intermediate concrete strengths. sxe = 1.24d/(0.63+ag,eff) ≥ 0.77d (inches) or sxe = 31.5d/(16+ag,eff) ≥ 0.77d (mm)
Example: Laupa and Siess’s test S2 under P loading (#13 in database) bw = 152 mm, d = 269 mm, a = 1295 mm, ρw = 2.08%, fc’ = 26.9 MPa, ag = 25 mm
Agree & close
For the given concrete strength, ag,eff = 25 mm, sxe = 31.5·269/(16 + 25) = 207 mm. M/Vd = (a - d)/d = (1295 - 269)/269 = 3.81 m = (1.11·3.81 + 1)/0.0208 =
251.6 ⎡ ⎡ 7.02 ⋅ 251.6 26.9 ⎤ ⎤ 133.3 Vc = 1.023 MPa = ⎢ ⎢1 + ⎥ − 1⎥ ( 1000 + 207 ) ⎦ ⎥ 251.6 bw d ⎢ ⎣ ⎦ ⎣ V or c = 2.37 f c′ (psi) bw d
Author and Notes 1 Richart 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Laupa & Seiss 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Ferguson & 30 Thompson 31 32 33 34 35
36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52
Ref Year Beam # Name 1 1948 501a 1948 501b 1948 502a 1948 502b 1948 503a 1948 503b 1948 504a 1948 504b 1948 505a 1948 505b 1948 506a 1948
506b 2 1953 S2 1953 S3 1953 S4 1953 S5 1953 S11 1953 S13 1953 T-3average 1953 T-5a 1953 T-5b 1953 T-5c 1953 T-6b 1953 T-12a 1953 T-12b 1953 T-12c 1953 T2-
Ma 1953 T2-Mb 3 1953 A1 1953 A2 1953 A3 1953 A4 1953 A5 1953 A6 1953 D1 1953 D2 1953 N1 1953 N2 1953 N3 1953 G4 1953 G5 1953 G6 1953 B1 1953 B2 1953
B3 1953 B4 1953 B5 1953 C1 1953 C2 1953 L1 1953 L2 1953 L3
bw (mm) 1829 1829 1829 1829 1829 1829 1524 1524 1524 1524 1524 1524 152 152 152 152 152 152 102 102 102 102 102 147 147 147 152 152 102 102 102 102 102 102
178 178 108 108 108 108 108 108 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 108 108 108
b (mm) 1829 1829 1829 1829 1829 1829 1524 1524 1524 1524 1524 1524 152 152 152 152 152 152 102 102 102 102 102 147 147 147 152 152 432 432 432 432 432 432
432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432 432
h (mm) 305 305 457 457 457 457 305 305 457 457 457 457 305 305 305 305 305 305 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 305 305 241 241 241 241 241 241
241 241 191 191 191 140 140 140 241 241 241 241 241 241 241 191 191 191
d (mm) 254 254 406 406 406 406 254 254 406 406 406 406 269 265 263 262 267 262 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 269 269 210 210 210 210 210 210 210
210 178 178 178 114 114 114 210 210 210 210 210 210 210 159 159 159
a:M/V (mm) 685 685 685 685 685 685 762 762 762 762 762 762 1295 1295 1295 1295 1295 1295 765 765 765 765 765 765 765 765 915 942 711 711 711 711 711
711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 711
ag fy Vu fc' a:STM Load a/d Bear ρw A M Rep. MMAX (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) 685 U1 2.70 356 1.38 25.4 25
425 159.2 S 0.87 600.1 685 U1 2.70 356 1.38 25.7 25 425 159.2 S 0.84 578.5 685 U1 1.69 356 0.54 24.3 25 420 220.4 S 1.14 706.8 685 U1 1.69 356 0.54 22.7 25
420 220.4 S 1.19 737.5 685 U1 1.69 356 0.54 24.4 25 420 220.4 S 1.20 747.8 685 U1 1.69 356 0.54 24.0 25 420 220.4 S 1.13 701.7 762 U1 3.00 356 1.77 24.9 25
510 141.2 S 0.70 518.1 762 U1 3.00 356 1.77 25.8 25 510 141.2 S 0.74 557.8 762 U1 1.88 356 0.68 25.4 25 425 202.8 S 1.21 751.9 762 U1 1.88 356 0.68 25.7 25 425
202.8 S 1.16 720.1 762 U1 1.88 356 0.68 23.1 25 425 202.8 S 1.11 685.9 762 U1 1.88 356 0.68 26.3 25 425 202.8 S 1.10 685.9 1295 P 4.82 10 2.08 26.9 25 284 183.7
S 0.97 42.5 1295 P 4.89 10 2.52 32.3 25 410 154.0 S 0.77 53.1 1295 P 4.92 10 3.21 30.8 25 309 121.9 S 0.85 55.6 1295 P 4.95 10 4.11 29.9 25 315 96.1 S 0.64 49.8
1295 P 4.85 10 1.90 14.8 25 328 202.5 S 0.86 33.8 1295 P 4.95 10 4.11 26.2 25 304 96.1 S 0.69 49.8 765 P 4.30 10 3.16 23.9 25 359 104.4 S 0.57 19.6 765 P 4.30
10 2.19 23.9 25 317 150.7 S 0.92 22.2 765 P 4.30 10 2.19 23.9 25 317 150.7 S 0.94 22.7 765 P 4.30 10 2.19 23.9 25 317 150.7 S 0.96 23.1 765 P 4.30 10 1.40 21.6 25
331 235.7 S 1.02 17.3 765 P 4.30 10 2.20 33.7 25 359 150.0 S 0.86 35.6 765 P 4.30 10 2.20 33.7 25 359 150.0 S 0.82 33.8 765 P 4.30 10 2.20 33.7 25 359 150.0 S
0.77 32.0 915 P 3.40 10 1.39 29.8 25 331 172.7 S 0.84 42.3 942 P 3.50 10 1.39 27.7 25 331 179.9 S 0.91 44.5 711 P 3.39 95 4.76 29.7 6 276 50.3 S 0.38 29.1 711 P
3.39 95 4.76 27.3 6 276 50.3 S 0.35 27.0 711 P 3.39 95 4.76 35.1 6 276 50.3 S 0.43 33.6 711 P 3.39 95 4.76 35.0 6 276 50.3 S 0.41 31.6 711 P 3.39 95 4.76 45.4 6
276 50.3 S 0.43 33.9 711 P 3.39 95 4.76 38.7 6 276 50.3 S 0.45 35.6 711 P 3.39 95 2.72 31.3 6 276 88.0 S 0.63 48.7 711 P 3.39 95 2.72 29.6 6 276 88.0 S 0.67 52.1
711 P 4.00 127 2.97 20.7 16 276 101.0 S 0.64 23.8 711 P 4.00 127 2.97 20.6 16 276 101.0 S 0.65 23.9 711 P 4.00 127 2.97 17.5 16 276 101.0 S 0.59 21.5 711 P 6.22 127
4.62 22.9 16 276 113.0 S 0.60 14.0 711 P 6.22 127 4.62 21.7 16 276 113.0 S 0.68 15.8 711 P 6.22 127 4.62 27.2 16 276 113.0 S 0.75 17.6 711 P 3.39 127 4.76 35.7 6 276
50.3 S 0.45 35.5 711 P 3.39 127 4.76 33.5 6 276 50.3 S 0.41 31.6 711 P 3.39 127 4.76 40.0 6 276 50.3 S 0.50 39.4 711 P 3.39 127 4.76 43.4 6 276 50.3 S 0.56 43.9
711 P 3.39 127 4.76 41.0 6 276 50.3 S 0.49 38.3 711 P 3.39 127 4.76 33.5 16 276 50.3 S 0.64 50.1 711 P 3.39 127 4.76 33.5 16 276 50.3 S 0.50 38.8 711 P 4.48 127
3.33 21.7 16 276 104.6 S 0.83 27.4 711 P 4.48 127 3.33 22.6 16 276 104.6 S 0.90 29.8 711 P 4.48 127 3.33 22.2 16 276 104.6 S 0.83 27.4
Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs. 5
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 3.09 S 1.27 S 1.43 2.96 S 1.22 S 1.37 2.33 F F 2.51 C S 2.46 F F 2.32 F F 3.23 S 1.26 S 1.47 3.42 S 1.35 S
1.56 2.90 S S 2.76 S S 2.78 S S 2.60 S S 2.41 S 1.02 S 1.14 2.79 S 1.14 S 1.31 3.01 S 1.13 S 1.36 2.76 S 0.96 S 1.20 2.61 S 1.03 S 1.21 2.94 S 1.01 S 1.27 2.67 S 0.90 S 1.16
3.03 S 1.14 S 1.39 3.10 S 1.16 S 1.42 3.16 S 1.19 S 1.45 2.49 S 1.07 S 1.19 2.82 S 1.12 S 1.32 2.68 S 1.06 S 1.25 2.54 S 1.01 S 1.19 2.27 S 0.99 S 1.07 2.48 S 1.08 S 1.17 3.01 S
0.97 S 1.13 2.92 S 0.93 S 1.09 3.21 S 1.06 S 1.24 3.03 S 1.00 S 1.16 2.84 S 0.96 S 1.13 3.24 S 1.08 S 1.26 2.81 S 1.05 S 1.21 3.09 S 1.15 S 1.33 3.28 S 1.10 S 1.39 3.31 S 1.11 S
1.41 3.22 S 1.06 S 1.35 2.86 S 0.94 S 1.25 3.31 S 1.08 S 1.44 3.29 S 1.11 S 1.46 3.36 S 1.11 S 1.30 3.09 S 1.01 S 1.18 3.53 S 1.18 S 1.38 3.77 S 1.27 S 1.49 3.38 S 1.13 S 1.33
4.90 S 1.52 S 1.87 3.79 S 1.18 S 1.45 4.13 S 1.38 S 1.77 4.40 S 1.48 S 1.90 4.08 S 1.37 S 1.76
Author and Notes Moody Viest Elstner and Hognestad ("Part I" paper)
53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 Ferguson 94 95 96
Ref Year Beam # Name 4 1954 III-24a 1954 III-24b 1954 III-25a 1954 III-25b 1954 III-26a 1954 III-26b 1954 III-27a 1954 III-27b 1954 III-28a 1954 III-28b 1954
III-29a 1954 III-29b 1954 A-A1 1954 A-A2 1954 A-A3 1954 A-A4 1954 A-B1 1954 A-B2 1954 A-B3 1954 A-B4 1954 A-C1 1954 A-C2 1954 A-C3 1954 A-C4 1954 B-
B1 1954 B-B2 1954 B-B3 1954 B-B4 1954 B-B5 1954 B-B6 1954 B-B7 1954 B-B8 1954 B-B9 1954 B-B10 1954 B-B11 1954 B-B12 1954 B-B13 1954 B-B14 1954
B-B15 1954 B-B16 5 1956 F2 1956 F3 1956 F5 1956 F7
bw (mm) 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 101 103 95 102
b (mm) 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 101 103 95 102
h (mm) 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 210 210 210 210
ag fy Vu f c' d a:M/V a:STM Load a/d Bear ρw A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (mm) (mm) (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd
Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 2.72 17.8 25 483 28.0 S 0.65 296.5 8.92 C 1.70 C 1.56 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 2.72
20.6 25 483 28.0 S 0.59 303.2 8.48 C 1.53 C 1.38 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 3.46
Agree24.3
& 25 483 22.0 S 0.43 267.6 6.89 C 1.13 C 1.03 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 3.46 17.2 25
close
483 22.0 S 0.65 289.8 8.86 C 1.67 C 1.58 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 4.25 21.7 25 483 17.9 S 0.75 421.1 11.49 C 1.93 C 1.82 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 4.25 20.6 25 483 17.9
S 0.74 396.6 11.09 C 1.90 C 1.80 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 2.72 21.4 25 483 28.0 S 0.67 347.7 9.55 C 1.70 C 1.53 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 2.72 22.9 25 483 28.0 S 0.66
356.6 9.46 C 1.64 C 1.46 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 3.46 23.3 25 483 22.0 S 0.50 303.2 7.97 C 1.33 C 1.22 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 3.46 22.4 25 483 22.0 S 0.59 341.0
9.14 C 1.55 C 1.43 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 4.25 21.7 25 483 17.9 S 0.70 389.9 10.62 C 1.79 C 1.68 533 813 813 P 1.52 203 4.25 25.0 25 483 17.9 S 0.68 436.6 11.10 C
1.77 C 1.64 262 800 800 P 3.06 102 2.17 30.3 25 483 94.9 S 0.48 60.7 2.85 S 1.04 S 1.24 267 800 800 P 3.00 102 2.15 31.0 25 483 93.0 S 0.51 67.4 3.07 S 1.12 S
1.34 268 800 800 P 2.99 102 2.22 31.0 25 483 89.4 S 0.56 76.3 3.46 S 1.25 S 1.49 270 800 800 P 2.96 102 2.37 31.5 25 483 82.8 S 0.49 71.8 3.21 S 1.14 S 1.37 267
800 800 P 3.00 102 1.62 21.2 25 483 123.5 S 0.59 56.9 3.14 S 1.18 S 1.39 268 800 800 P 2.99 102 1.63 21.6 25 483 121.8 S 0.62 60.7 3.30 S 1.24 S 1.46 270 800
800 P 2.96 102 1.60 19.2 25 483 122.7 S 0.59 56.3 3.22 S 1.19 S 1.41 272 800 800 P 2.95 102 1.66 16.8 25 483 117.3 S 0.60 56.3 3.43 S 1.23 S 1.47 268 800 800 P
2.99 102 0.81 6.3 25 483 245.2 S 0.52 20.7 2.08 S 0.80 S 0.93 272 800 800 P 2.94 102 0.83 6.1 25 483 234.2 S 0.62 25.1 2.54 S 0.97 S 1.13 273 800 800 P 2.93
102 0.80 6.9 25 483 241.3 S 0.61 26.0 2.46 S 0.96 S 1.10 274 800 800 P 2.92 102 0.82 6.8 25 483 233.7 S 0.59 25.8 2.45 S 0.95 S 1.09 268 914 914 P 3.41 203
1.89 36.7 25 483 127.5 S 0.63 58.5 2.85 S 1.16 S 1.31 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 16.7 25 483 127.5 S 0.49 36.3 2.62 S 0.94 S 1.14 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 25.8
25 483 127.5 S 0.61 53.0 3.07 S 1.18 S 1.38 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 15.4 25 483 127.5 S 0.58 41.2 3.09 S 1.10 S 1.34 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 30.7 25 483
127.5 S 0.58 52.7 2.80 S 1.11 S 1.28 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 15.8 25 483 127.5 S 0.49 35.2 2.61 S 0.93 S 1.13 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 30.9 25 483 127.5 S
0.57 51.9 2.75 S 1.09 S 1.25 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 12.2 25 483 127.5 S 0.52 31.8 2.68 S 0.93 S 1.13 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 41.2 25 483 127.5 S 0.57 54.1
2.48 S 1.03 S 1.15 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 24.0 25 483 127.5 S 0.58 49.6 2.98 S 1.14 S 1.34 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 38.1 25 483 127.5 S 0.65 60.8 2.90 S
1.19 S 1.34 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 20.2 25 483 127.5 S 0.60 47.9 3.14 S 1.16 S 1.39 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 37.8 25 483 127.5 S 0.60 56.3 2.70 S 1.10 S 1.25
268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 22.6 25 483 127.5 S 0.53 43.9 2.72 S 1.03 S 1.21 268 914 914 P 3.41 203 1.89 37.4 25 483 127.5 S 0.55 51.9 2.50 S 1.02 S 1.15 268 914
914 P 3.41 203 1.89 16.3 25 483 127.5 S 0.52 38.5 2.81 S 1.01 S 1.22 189 610 610 P 3.23 25 2.10 29.3 6 483 106.0 S 0.47 22.2 2.60 S 1.00 S 1.15 183 267 267 P 1.45 25
2.12 24.0 6 483 34.4 S 0.37 36.9 4.79 C 1.00 C 0.95 181 356 356 P 1.97 25 2.33 25.9 6 483 42.3 S 0.47 34.2 4.71 C 1.47 S 1.64 184 356 356 P 1.93 25 2.14 27.2 6
483 45.2 S 0.44 33.9 4.18 C 1.38 C 0.99
Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.
# 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138
139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150
Author and Notes Moody Viest Elstner Hognestad ("part II paper")
Ref Year Beam # Name 6 1955 I-g 1955 I-h 1955 I-i 1955 I-1a 1955 I-1b 1955 I-2a 1955 I-2b 1955 I-2c 1955 I-3a 1955 I-3b 1955 I-j 1955 I-k 1955 I-4a 1955 I-4b
1955 I-5a 1955 I-5b 1955 I-6a 1955 I-6b 1955 I-l 1955 I-m 1955 I-7a 1955 I-7b 1955 I-8a 1955 I-8b 1955 I-9a 1955 I-9b 1955 I-n 1955 I-o 1955 I-p 1955 I-q 1955 I-r
1955 II-a 1955 II-b 1955 II-c 1955 II-d 1955 II-17a 1955 II-17b 1955 II-18a 1955 II-18b 1955 II-19a 1955 II-19b 1955 II-20a 1955 II-20b 1955 IV-g 1955 IV-h 1955 IV-i
1955 IV-j 1955 IV-k 1955 IV-l 1955 V-b 1955 V-d 1955 V-f 1955 VI-a 1955 VI-b
bw (mm) 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178
178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178
b (mm) 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178
178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178
h (mm) 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 610 610 610 610 610 610 610
610 610 610 610 610 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 381
ag fy Vu f c' d a:M/V a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (mm) (mm) (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode
Mn (kN) (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 298 406 813 P 1.36 203 0.95 30.6 25 483 38.1 S 0.82 133.4 5.48 C 1.72 S 1.90 298 406 813 P 1.36 203 1.47 24.4
25 483 24.6 S 0.58 132.0 6.06 C 1.88 S 1.73 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.10 22.9 25 483 15.9 S 0.48 146.8 6.82 C 2.08 S 1.95 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.86 17.3 25
483 11.7 S 0.39 114.2 6.10 S 1.76 S 1.74 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.86 19.3 25 483 11.7 S 0.40 129.0 6.52 S 1.90 S 1.86 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 3.76 16.3 25 483 8.9 S
0.40 111.2 6.11 S 1.67 S 1.75 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 3.76 18.8 25 483 8.9 S 0.44 140.9 7.21 S 1.99 S 2.06 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 3.76 26.1 25 483 8.9 S 0.32 139.4
6.06 C 1.65 S 1.73 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 4.76 15.8 25 483 7.0 S 0.50 132.0 7.38 S 1.94 S 2.11 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 4.76 20.5 25 483 7.0 S 0.43 149.7 7.35 S
1.97 S 2.10 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 1.47 33.4 25 483 22.7 S 0.62 155.7 5.98 C 1.69 S 1.72 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.10 26.6 25 483 15.9 S 0.51 161.6 6.96 C 2.01 S
1.99 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.86 29.8 25 483 11.7 S 0.36 148.3 6.04 C 1.61 S 1.72 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.86 27.9 25 483 11.7 S 0.33 132.0 5.55 C 1.52 S 1.59 305
406 813 P 1.33 203 3.76 28.0 25 483 8.9 S 0.39 177.9 7.47 C 1.98 S 2.13 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 3.76 27.9 25 483 8.9 S 0.36 163.1 6.87 C 1.82 S 1.96 305 406 813
P 1.33 203 4.76 31.4 25 483 7.0 S 0.33 170.5 6.76 C 1.67 S 1.93 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 4.76 24.6 25 483 7.0 S 0.43 177.9 7.97 S 2.16 S 2.28 305 406 813 P 1.33
203 1.47 35.2 25 483 22.7 S 0.62 158.6 5.94 C 1.65 S 1.73 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.10 30.3 25 483 15.9 S 0.47 155.7 6.29 C 1.73 S 1.80 305 406 813 P 1.33 203
2.86 33.0 25 483 11.7 S 0.40 170.5 6.59 C 1.69 S 1.88 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.86 34.5 25 483 11.7 S 0.35 148.3 5.61 C 1.41 S 1.60 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 3.76
33.0 25 483 8.9 S 0.43 215.0 8.31 C 2.06 S 2.37 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 3.76 32.3 25 483 8.9 S 0.33 163.1 6.37 C 1.59 S 1.82 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 4.76 36.3 25
483 7.0 S 0.33 192.7 7.10 C 1.65 S 2.03 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 4.76 32.1 25 483 7.0 S 0.36 192.7 7.56 C 1.85 S 2.16 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 1.47 36.1 25 483 22.7 S
0.69 175.0 6.47 C 1.78 S 1.89 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.10 34.8 25 483 15.9 S 0.56 189.8 7.15 C 1.87 S 2.04 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.86 41.2 25 483 11.7 S 0.44
197.2 6.83 C 1.61 S 1.95 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 3.76 33.7 25 483 8.9 S 0.38 192.7 7.38 C 1.82 S 2.11 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 4.76 40.9 25 483 7.0 S 0.33 207.6 7.21
C 1.60 S 2.06 533 406 813 P 0.76 203 0.54 26.3 25 483 0.0 S 0.63 192.7 4.77 C 0.87 C 0.65 533 406 813 P 0.76 203 0.84 25.7 25 483 0.0 S 0.47 215.0 5.39 C
0.90 C 0.74 533 406 813 P 0.76 203 1.20 27.9 25 483 0.0 S 0.39 249.1 5.99 C 0.91 C 0.79 533 406 813 P 0.76 203 1.63 23.7 25 483 0.0 S 0.39 311.4 8.12 C 1.23 C
1.16 533 406 813 P 0.76 203 2.15 18.3 25 483 0.0 S 0.32 278.7 8.28 C 1.34 C 1.35 533 406 813 P 0.76 203 2.15 20.7 25 483 0.0 S 0.28 252.1 7.04 C 1.08 C 1.08 533
406 813 P 0.76 203 2.82 15.0 25 483 0.0 S 0.42 326.2 10.71 C 1.84 C 1.93 533 406 813 P 0.76 203 2.82 18.6 25 483 0.0 S 0.28 266.9 7.85 C 1.23 C 1.27 533 406
813 P 0.76 203 3.46 20.9 25 483 0.0 S 0.33 357.3 9.92 C 1.45 C 1.51 533 406 813 P 0.76 203 3.46 22.3 25 483 0.0 S 0.28 324.7 8.72 C 1.24 C 1.29 533 406 813 P
0.76 203 4.25 19.9 25 483 0.0 S 0.34 348.4 9.91 C 1.46 C 1.55 533 406 813 P 0.76 203 4.25 20.4 25 483 0.0 S 0.35 369.2 10.37 C 1.51 C 1.60 305 610 1219 P 2.00
203 0.95 23.4 25 483 105.3 S 0.73 80.1 3.68 S 1.48 S 1.59 305 610 1219 P 2.00 203 1.47 25.9 25 483 68.0 S 0.55 89.0 3.89 S 1.39 S 1.55 305 610 1219 P 2.00 203
2.10 24.1 25 483 47.6 S 0.42 86.4 3.91 S 1.26 S 1.40 305 610 1219 P 2.00 203 2.86 24.8 25 483 35.0 S 0.42 105.5 4.70 S 1.42 S 1.52 305 610 1219 P 2.00 203 3.76
25.0 25 483 26.6 S 0.40 111.8 4.97 S 1.42 S 1.44 305 610 1219 P 2.00 203 4.76 27.0 25 483 21.0 S 0.34 102.9 4.40 S 1.21 S 1.26 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 1.47 26.0
25 483 22.7 S 0.39 94.9 4.13 C 1.27 S 1.18 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 2.86 24.8 25 483 11.7 S 0.30 113.4 5.06 C 1.44 S 1.45 305 406 813 P 1.33 203 4.76 23.3 25 483
7.0 S 0.28 110.5 5.08 S 1.37 S 1.45 305 542 813 P 1.78 203 0.95 28.2 25 483 81.9 S 0.81 102.7 4.30 C 1.53 S 1.81 305 542 813 P 1.78 203 1.47 28.7 25 483 52.9 S
0.93 172.1 7.14 C 2.30 S 2.71
Author and Notes 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 Morrow and 159 Viest 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 (take 1st yield) 173 174 175 176 177
178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195
Agree & close
Ref Year Beam # Name 6 1955 VI-c 1955 VI-d 1955 VI-e 1955 VI-f 1955 VI-g 1955 VI-h 1955 VI-i 7 1957 B14-B2 1957 B14-E2 1957 B14-A4 1957 B14-B4 1957
B14-E4 1957 B14-A6 1957 B14-B6 1957 B21-B2 1957 B21-E2 1957 B21-A4 1957 B21-B4 1957 B21-E4 1957 B21-E4R 1957 B21-F4 1957 B21-G4 1957 B21-A6 1957
B21-B6 1957 B28-B2 1957 B28-E2 1957 B28-A4 1957 B28-B4 1957 B28-E4 1957 B28-A6 1957 B28-B6 1957 B40-B4 1957 B56-B2 1957 B56-E2 1957 B56-A4
1957 B56-B4 1957 B56-E4 1957 B56-A6 1957 B56-B6 1957 B70-B2 1957 B70-A4 1957 B70-A6 1957 B84-B4 1957 B113-B4 1957 B113-B4R
bw (mm) 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 308 305 305 305 308 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 308 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
b (mm) 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 308 305 305 305 308 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 308 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
h (mm) 381 381 381 381 381 381 381 406 410 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406
406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406
d (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 368 375 362 368 368 356 368 367 375 368 368 365 368 370 373 356 375 362 372 368 368 368 353 368 368 368 368
375 368 368 356 372 365 368 356 363 365 368
a:M/V (mm) 542 542 542 542 542 542 542 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 533 533 533 533 533 533 533 533 533 533 711 711 711 711 711 711 711 1016 1422 1422
1422 1422 1422 1422 1422 1778 1778 1778 2134 2870 2870
f c' ag fy Vu a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 813 P 1.78 203 2.10 24.7 25 483 37.0 S 0.63 146.8 6.56 C 2.10 S 2.17 813 P 1.78 203 2.86 26.9 25 483 27.2 S 0.54 157.5 6.75 C 2.00 S
2.00 813 P 1.78 203 3.76 28.4 25 483 20.7 S 0.49 170.8 7.12 C 2.00 S 2.03 813 P 1.78 203 2.10 38.4 25 483 37.0 S 0.72 186.8 6.70 C 1.84 S 2.39 813 P 1.78 203
2.86 38.1 25 483 27.2 S 0.52 173.5 6.24 C 1.63 S 1.99 813 P 1.78 203 3.76 36.6 25 483 20.7 S 0.53 206.8 7.60 C 1.94 S 2.17 813 P 1.78 203 4.76 41.5 25 483 16.3 S
0.41 194.8 6.72 C 1.59 S 1.92 356 P 0.97 102 1.85 14.6 6 483 26.1 S 0.55 367.0 10.29 C 1.39 C 1.86 356 P 0.95 102 0.57 12.7 6 483 83.3 S 0.96 278.0 8.23 C 1.45 C
1.66 356 P 0.98 102 2.50 22.6 6 483 19.6 S 0.55 511.5 11.76 C 1.25 C 1.59 356 P 0.97 102 1.85 26.3 6 483 26.1 S 0.60 500.4 10.46 C 1.15 C 1.41 356 P 0.97 102 1.24
28.9 6 483 38.9 S 0.84 511.5 10.21 C 1.18 C 1.31 356 P 1.00 102 3.83 45.4 6 483 13.1 S 0.59 900.7 14.84 C 1.12 C 1.32 356 P 0.97 102 1.85 46.8 6 483 26.1 S 0.84
778.4 12.21 C 1.13 C 1.23 533 P 1.45 102 1.86 13.9 6 483 39.1 S 0.56 238.5 6.90 C 1.72 C 1.71 533 P 1.42 102 0.57 11.3 6 483 124.9 S 1.12 211.7 6.64 C C 533 P 1.45 102
2.46 29.8 6 483 29.4 S 0.74 523.1 10.28 C 1.89 C 1.77 533 P 1.45 102 1.85 27.1 6 483 39.1 S 0.71 396.4 8.17 C 1.62 C 1.48 533 P 1.46 102 1.24 24.2 6 483 58.9 S 1.08
423.0 9.30 C 2.02 C 1.71 533 P 1.45 102 1.24 31.9 6 483 58.4 S 1.05 434.2 8.24 C 1.69 C 1.37 533 P 1.44 102 1.17 31.4 6 483 61.6 S 1.18 467.6 8.91 C C 533 P 1.43 102
0.58 31.6 6 468 123.2 F 1.09 222.4 4.19 F F 533 P 1.50 102 3.83 45.3 6 483 19.6 S 0.57 578.8 9.55 C 1.31 C 1.15 533 P 1.42 102 1.82 45.5 6 483 39.1 S 0.93 578.7
9.05 C 1.61 C 1.38 711 P 1.96 102 1.88 14.7 6 483 52.3 S 0.62 201.2 5.73 S 2.09 S 1.95 711 P 1.91 102 0.57 13.7 6 483 167.9 S 0.89 130.0 3.69 S 1.84 C 1.30 711 P 1.93
102 2.46 27.5 6 483 39.2 S 0.63 323.5 6.61 C 2.13 C 1.57 711 P 1.93 102 1.85 32.3 6 483 52.2 S 0.59 256.8 4.84 C 1.54 C 1.06 711 P 1.93 102 1.24 33.1 6 483 77.9 S
0.86 267.9 4.99 C 1.70 C 1.08 711 P 2.02 102 3.83 47.2 6 483 26.6 S 0.44 334.7 5.40 C 1.21 S 1.78 711 P 1.93 102 1.85 43.9 6 483 52.2 S 0.71 323.5 5.24 C 1.51 C
0.98 1016 P 2.76 102 1.85 34.8 6 483 95.1 S 0.51 157.6 2.87 S 1.28 S 1.26 1422 P 3.86 102 1.85 14.7 6 483 154.7 S 0.62 103.2 2.89 S 1.26 S 1.28 1422 P 3.86 102 0.58
14.7 6 483 493.5 S 1.14 82.7 2.31 S S 1422 P 3.80 102 2.41 25.0 6 483 116.0 S 0.55 140.9 2.97 S 1.30 S 1.32 1422 P 3.86 102 1.85 27.2 6 483 154.7 S 0.60 125.4 2.58
S 1.23 S 1.19 1422 P 3.86 102 1.24 28.4 6 483 230.8 S 0.73 112.1 2.26 S 1.23 S 1.09 1422 P 4.00 102 3.79 39.9 6 483 79.2 S 0.49 181.1 3.15 S 1.30 S 1.36 1422 P 3.83
102 1.83 45.7 6 483 154.5 S 0.60 139.8 2.20 S 1.14 S 1.05 1778 P 4.87 102 1.86 16.3 6 483 208.0 S 0.67 93.1 2.49 S 1.18 S 1.16 1778 P 4.83 102 2.46 27.2 6 483 155.6
S 0.66 136.4 2.80 S 1.32 S 1.30 1778 P 5.00 102 3.83 45.0 6 483 104.4 S 0.60 182.1 3.02 S 1.34 S 1.37 2134 P 5.87 102 1.88 27.2 6 483 259.0 S 0.84 116.4 2.42 S
1.32 S 1.18 2870 P 7.86 102 1.86 32.6 6 483 368.7 S 1.05 111.6 2.11 S 1.32 S 1.06 2870 P 7.79 102 1.86 32.6 6 345 365.2 F 1.03 84.5 1.59 F F
Author and Notes 196 Al-Alusi 197 198 (used reported 199 steel yield 200 strength, but 201 the #3 bars 202 look to have 203 had a higher 204 yield, or
205 non-bilinear 206 stress-strain) 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 Chang & Kesler 222 223 224 225 226 227 228 229 230 231
232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245
Ref Year Beam # Name 8 1957 II-6 1957 II-12 1957 II-11 1957 2 1957 III-21 1957 III-15 1957 3 1957 10 1957 4 1957 II-13 1957 5 1957 18 1957 1 1957 22 1957 7 1957
24 1957 III-16 1957 17 1957 8 1957 19 1957 25 1957 9 1957 20 1957 14 1957 23 9 1958 1A1 1958 1B1 1958 1C1 1958 1C2 1958 IIA1 1958 IIA2 1958 IIB1 1958 IIC1 1958
IIIA1 1958 IIIA2 1958 IIIB1 1958 IIIB2 1958 IIIC1 1958 4-21a 1958 4-21b 1958 4-22a 1958 4-22b 1958 4-23a 1958 4-23b 1958 5-21a 1958 5-21b 1958 5-22a 1958 5-
22b 1958 5-23a 1958 5-23b
bw (mm) 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102
102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102
b (mm) 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102
102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102
h (mm) 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 146 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
f c' ag fy d a:M/V a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A M Rep. MMAX (mm) (mm) (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn 127 254 254 P 2.00
64 1.48 27.1 6 366 67.6 S 1.44 127 318 318 P 2.50 64 2.63 25.2 6 366 57.0 S 0.77 127 432 432 P 3.40 64 2.63 28.6 6 366 91.3 S 0.67 127 432 432 P 3.40 64 1.47
27.9 6 366 163.3 S 0.97 127 432 432 P 3.40 64 2.74 29.2 6 366 87.6 S 0.89 127 508 508 P 4.00 64 2.67 18.3 6 366 112.4 S 0.79 127 508 508 P 4.00 64 1.49 27.2
6 366 201.3 S 1.12 127 508 508 P 4.00 64 2.70 28.6 6 366 111.1 S 0.65 127 508 508 P 4.00 64 1.50 26.6 6 366 200.0 S 1.08 127 508 508 P 4.00 64 2.72 28.7 6
366 110.3 S 0.74 127 533 533 P 4.20 64 1.48 27.2 6 366 216.2 S 1.17 127 572 572 P 4.50 64 2.65 26.9 6 366 132.1 S 0.71 127 572 572 P 4.50 64 1.48 27.1 6 366
236.5 F 1.11 127 572 572 P 4.50 64 1.49 28.6 6 366 234.9 F 1.14 127 572 572 P 4.50 64 2.71 25.4 6 366 129.2 S 0.67 127 572 572 P 4.50 64 2.71 28.5 6 366 129.2 S
0.76 127 572 572 P 4.50 64 2.72 28.1 6 366 128.7 S 0.73 127 699 699 P 5.50 64 2.65 29.6 6 366 169.8 S 0.85 127 699 699 P 5.50 64 2.71 27.0 6 366 166.1 S 0.81
127 699 699 P 5.50 64 4.21 30.6 6 366 106.9 S 0.56 127 699 699 P 5.50 64 2.85 26.0 6 366 157.9 S 0.78 127 826 826 P 6.50 64 2.71 31.7 6 366 203.0 S 1.00 127
826 826 P 6.50 64 4.21 27.3 6 366 130.6 S 0.71 127 940 940 P 7.40 64 2.70 27.0 6 366 237.0 F 1.03 127 940 940 P 7.40 64 4.40 28.2 6 366 145.5 S 0.72 137 533
533 P 3.90 64 2.89 27.6 25 328 100.5 S 0.74 137 330 330 P 2.42 64 1.86 27.6 25 328 76.1 S 0.64 137 432 432 P 3.16 64 2.37 27.6 25 328 91.1 S 0.69 137 432 432
P 3.16 64 2.37 27.6 25 328 91.1 S 0.63 137 432 432 P 3.16 64 1.86 17.7 25 328 116.1 S 0.80 137 432 432 P 3.16 64 1.86 17.7 25 328 116.1 S 0.81 137 533 533 P 3.90 64
2.37 17.7 25 328 122.5 S 0.81 137 330 330 P 2.42 64 2.89 17.7 25 328 49.0 S 0.48 137 533 533 P 3.90 64 2.37 14.9 25 328 122.5 S 0.89 137 254 254 P 1.86 64 2.37
14.9 25 328 39.2 S 0.51 137 432 432 P 3.16 64 1.86 14.9 25 328 116.1 S 0.75 137 432 432 P 3.16 64 1.86 14.9 25 328 116.1 S 0.76 137 330 330 P 2.42 64 2.89 14.9 25
328 49.0 S 0.54 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 2.89 38.6 25 328 87.6 S 0.66 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 1.86 38.6 25 328 136.1 S 1.13 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 1.86 31.9 25 328
136.1 S 1.01 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 1.86 31.7 25 328 136.1 S 1.10 137 483 483 P 3.53
Agree & 64 1.86 32.2 25 328 136.1 S 1.02 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 1.86 32.2 25 328 136.1 S
close
1.06 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 2.89 32.2 25 328 87.6 S 0.94 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 2.89 32.2 25 328 87.6 S 0.89 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 2.89 31.2 25 328 87.6 S
0.73 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 2.89 31.2 25 328 87.6 S 0.85 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 2.89 32.1 25 328 87.6 S 0.80 137 483 483 P 3.53 64 2.89 32.1 25 328 87.6 S 0.76
Vu (kN) 36.3 27.0 17.4 14.4 24.1 17.2 14.3 14.7 13.9 17.0 14.2 14.0 12.6 13.0 13.5 15.4 14.8 13.8 13.4 14.0 13.5 14.1 15.0 12.7 14.0 19.9 19.6 19.6 17.8 17.0 17.3 16.6 17.8 17.0
20.7 15.3 15.5 18.4 21.1 24.6 21.4 23.4 21.6 22.5 28.9 27.5 22.4 25.9 24.5 23.4
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 8.66 C F 6.69 S 2.10 S 2.55 4.05 S 1.41 S 1.74 3.40 S 1.41 S 1.59 5.54 S 1.91 S 2.37 5.00 S 1.71 S 2.15 3.41
S S 3.42 S 1.24 S 1.52 3.36 S 1.45 S 1.60 3.95 S 1.43 S 1.75 3.38 S S 3.36 S 1.26 S 1.53 3.02 S S 3.03 S S 3.34 S 1.24 S 1.51 3.59 S 1.35 S 1.63 3.48 S 1.30 S 1.58 3.17 S
1.29 S 1.49 3.22 S 1.28 S 1.50 3.15 S 1.12 S 1.40 3.31 S 1.29 S 1.53 3.12 S 1.35 S 1.50 3.58 S 1.31 S 1.62 3.03 S S 3.28 S 1.24 S 1.51 3.28 S 1.10 S 1.43 3.23 S 1.07 S 1.34 3.24
S 1.08 S 1.39 2.94 S 0.98 S 1.26 3.52 S 1.18 S 1.51 3.56 S 1.20 S 1.53 3.42 S 1.14 S 1.49 3.67 S 1.02 S 1.26 3.83 S 1.25 S 1.64 4.65 S 1.26 C 1.12 3.45 S 1.13 S 1.46 3.48 S
1.14 S 1.47 4.13 S 1.13 S 1.38 2.94 S 1.01 S 1.29 3.44 S S 3.29 S 1.26 S 1.52 3.61 S S 3.30 S 1.26 S 1.52 3.44 S 1.31 S 1.59 4.41 S 1.47 S 1.90 4.20 S 1.40 S 1.81 3.48 S 1.16 S
1.50 4.03 S 1.34 S 1.73 3.75 S 1.25 S 1.62 3.58 S 1.19 S 1.54
Author and Notes 246 Watstein and 247 Mathey 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 Rodriquez 256 Bianchini 257 Viest 258 Kesler 259 260 261 262 263
264 265 266 267 268 269 270 Baldwin & 271 Viest 272 Sozen, 273 Zwoyer, and 274 Seiss 275 276 UIUC # 452 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 de Cossio &
284 Seiss 285 286 (skipped 287 last UDL tests 288 as results do not 289 make sense. 290 They also differ 291 from the 326 report 292 quoted values).
293 294 295
Ref Year Beam # Name 10 1958 A-15 1958 B-18-1 1958 B-18-2 1958 C-18-1 1958 C-18-2 1958 D-18-1 1958 D-18-2 1958 E-18-1 1958 E-18-2 11 1959 E6N1 1959
E6N2 1959 E6N3 1959 C6N1 1959 C6N2 1959 C6N3 1959 E3N1 1959 E3N2 1959 C3N1 1959 C3N2 1959 E2N1 1959 E2N2 1959 E2N3 1959 C2N1 1959 C2N2 12
1959 0B28 1959 0F28 13 1959 A.32.08 1959 A.32.11 1959 A.32.17 1959 A.32.19 1959 B.31.15 1959 B.32.11 1959 B.32.19 1959 B.32.31 1959 B.32.34 1959 B.32.41 1959
B.32.54 14 1960 L-1 1960 L-2 1960 L-2A 1960 L-3 1960 L-4 1960 L-5 1960 L-6 1960 L-1R 1960 L-2R 1960 L-2aR 1960 L-3R 1960 A-1 1960 A-2
bw (mm) 152 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 152 154 154 156 152 154 152 152 152 154 157 152 156 156 152 305 305 152 155 152 155 75 76 79 79 81 75 71 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
b (mm) 152 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 152 154 154 156 152 154 152 152 152 154 157 152 156 156 152 305 305 152 155 152 155 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
h (mm) 381 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 368 406 406 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 333 404 404 404 404 404 404 404 404 318 318 318 321 318 314 318 318 318 318 318 318 321 318 318 368 368 235 227 225 229 259 264 259 259 257
269 264 252 252 252 252 252 252 252 252 252 252 252 254 254
a:M/V (mm) 686 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 288 288 288 288 288 288 524 518 514 519 565 545 553 549 563 711 711 914 914 914 914 1372 914 914 914
914 914 914 508 762 762 1016 1270 1524 1778 508 762 762 1016 508 762
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 686 P 2.06 89 1.53 23.8 25 414 69.4 F 1.02 133.4 6.50 C S 610 P 1.51 89 3.05 25.4 25 267 24.7 S 0.87 311.4 9.08 C 1.77 C 1.67 610 P
1.51 89 3.05 23.0 25 267 24.7 S 0.88 309.1 9.47 C 1.91 C 1.83 610 P 1.51 89 1.85 25.6 25 490 40.8 S 0.74 289.1 8.40 C 1.75 C 1.54 610 P 1.51 89 1.88 26.4 25 466
40.1 S 0.81 311.4 8.90 C 1.83 C 1.60 610 P 1.51 89 1.17 25.7 25 724 64.5 S 0.72 266.9 7.74 C 1.76 C 1.41 610 P 1.51 89 1.16 27.0 25 669 65.1 S 0.76 266.9 7.55 C 1.70 C
1.35 610 P 1.51 89 0.75 22.4 25 686 100.6 S 0.91 220.8 6.85 C 1.79 C 1.34 610 P 1.51 89 0.75 26.7 25 688 100.6 S 0.90 222.4 6.32 C 1.58 C 1.13 432 P 0.91 102 1.59
22.1 25 483 14.3 S 0.65 211.1 11.18 C 1.57 C 1.55 432 P 0.91 102 1.59 17.9 25 483 14.3 S 0.52 162.5 9.46 C 1.43 C 1.45 432 P 0.91 102 1.59 22.7 25 483 14.3 S 0.56
184.6 9.55 C 1.33 C 1.30 432 P 0.90 102 1.59 X 26.1 25 483 14.1 S 0.59 210.4 9.92 C 1.34 C 1.31 432 P 0.91 102 1.59 X 22.1 25 483 14.3 S 0.47 151.8 8.03 C 1.13 C 1.11
432 P 0.92 102 1.59 X 21.7 25 483 14.4 S 0.57 184.8 9.86 C 1.37 C 1.33 813 P 1.65 102 1.59 25.2 25 483 40.8 S 0.59 109.5 5.43 S 1.88 S 1.86 813 P 1.63 102 1.59 23.3
25 483 39.8 S 0.56 102.3 5.28 S 1.81 S 1.77 813 P 1.62 102 1.59 X 23.1 25 483 38.9 S 0.36 65.9 3.41 S 1.17 S 1.13 813 P 1.64 102 1.59 X 22.7 25 483 40.0 S 0.57 104.8
5.42 S 1.85 S 1.81 1295 P 1.78 102 1.59 29.0 25 483 49.0 S 0.30 55.3 2.48 S 0.87 S 0.92 1295 P 1.72 102 1.59 20.8 25 483 45.2 S 0.34 57.2 3.13 S 1.06 S 1.07 1295 P
1.72 102 1.59 23.0 25 483 45.5 S 0.27 47.5 2.39 S 0.82 S 0.84 1295 P 1.73 102 1.59 X 26.1 25 483 45.9 S 0.30 54.6 2.60 S 0.91 S 0.93 1295 P 1.77 102 1.59 X 18.6 25
483 48.6 S 0.34 53.5 3.08 S 1.03 S 1.07 711 P 1.93 102 1.83 37.6 25 519 52.8 S 0.61 289.1 5.06 C 1.54 C 1.03 711 P 1.93 102 1.83 33.3 25 313 52.8 S 0.45 135.7 2.52 C
0.80 C 0.54 914 P 3.90 10 0.10 28.8 38 1434 2768.3 F 1.07 14.2 0.89 S F 914 P 4.03 10 0.16 30.4 38 1503 1897.3 F 1.02 20.4 1.27 S F 914 P 4.07 10 0.22 26.3 38
1503 1404.3 F 1.00 25.5 1.75 S F 914 P 3.99 10 0.32 34.4 38 1434 933.3 S 0.67 25.2 1.46 S 1.21 S 0.75 1372 P 5.29 10 0.59 40.1 38 1434 725.7 S 0.67 19.6 1.91 S 1.45
S 0.98 914 P 3.46 10 0.38 36.0 38 1434 641.1 S 0.80 24.2 2.43 S 1.80 S 1.25 914 P 3.53 10 0.55 29.9 38 1434 459.8 S 0.55 23.4 2.50 S 1.55 S 1.26 914 P 3.53 10
0.55 18.8 38 1434 457.0 S 0.42 16.9 2.30 S 1.30 S 1.15 914 P 3.56 10 0.55 17.3 38 1434 465.4 S 0.54 21.5 2.98 S 1.66 S 1.49 914 P 3.40 10 0.95 22.6 38 1434 251.6 S
0.53 35.6 4.46 S 2.10 S 2.15 914 P 3.47 10 1.24 22.1 38 1434 198.9 S 0.43 32.1 4.42 S 1.91 S 2.09 508 P 2.01 152 3.36 21.0 25 303 30.1 S 0.84 116.1 7.94 C 1.77 S 2.33
762 P 3.02 152 3.36 21.5 25 310 60.1 S 0.80 75.6 5.11 S 1.57 S 1.93 762 P 3.02 152 3.36 36.7 25 283 60.1 S 0.78 80.1 4.15 S 1.36 S 1.68 1016 P 4.02 152 3.36 28.0 25
310 90.0 S 0.69 53.4 3.17 S 1.09 S 1.35 1270 P 5.03 152 3.36 25.8 25 303 119.9 S 0.86 51.2 3.16 S 1.15 S 1.41 1524 P 6.04 152 3.36 27.9 25 331 149.9 S 0.94 50.9 3.02
S 1.17 S 1.40 1778 P 7.04 152 3.36 30.6 25 317 179.8 F 1.02 46.9 2.66 S S 508 P 2.01 152 3.36 21.0 25 303 30.1 S 1.18 164.6 11.26 C S 762 P 3.02 152 3.36 21.5 25 310
60.1 S 0.79 74.7 5.05 S 1.56 S 1.91 762 P 3.02 152 3.36 36.7 25 283 60.1 S 0.90 92.5 4.79 S 1.58 S 1.94 1016 P 4.02 152 3.36 28.0 25 310 90.0 S 0.80 62.0 3.68 S
1.26 S 1.58 508 P 2.00 305 0.98 28.1 25 459 102.0 S 0.93 73.4 4.32 F 0.92 S 1.89 762 P 3.00 305 0.98 31.5 25 469 204.1 S 0.77 41.8 2.32 S 1.09 S 1.12
10
Author and Notes 296 297 298 299 300 301 302 303 304 305 306 307 308 309 310 311 312 Bower + 313 Viest 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324
325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345
Ref Year Beam # Name 1960 A-3 1960 A-4 1960 A-5 1960 A-11 1960 A-12 1960 A-13 1960 A-14 1960 A-15 1960 D-15 1960 D-14 1960 D-16 1960 D-13 1960 D-12
1960 D-17 1960 D-5 1960 D-4 15 1960 IA-1a 1960 IA-1b 1960 IIB - 1 1960 IIB - 2 1960 IIB - 3 1960 IA - 2a 1960 IA - 2b 1960 IA - 3a 1960 IA - 3b 1960 IA - 4a
1960 IA - 4b 1960 IA - 5a 1960 IA - 5b 1960 IA - 6a 1960 IA - 6b 1960 IA - 7a 1960 IA - 7b 1960 IA - 8a 1960 IA - 8b 1960 IB-1 1960 IB-2 1960 IB-3 1960 IB-4
1960 IIa-1a 1960 IIa-1b 1960 IIa-2 1960 IIA - 3 1960 IIA - 4a 1960 IIA - 4bAgree
1960 IIA - 5 1960 IIA - 6 1960 IIA - 7 1960 IIA - 8 1960 IIA - 9
& close
bw (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
b (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
h (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356
356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356 356
d (mm) 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 252 252 252 252 252 252 276 252 306 314 318 311 308 311 311 311 305 305 311 308 308 305 305 305 305 311 305
305 305 305 305 308 318 312 312 305 292 292 292 292 292 292
a:M/V (mm) 1016 1270 1524 508 762 1016 1270 1524 559 559 559 699 699 699 419 559 762 762 1067 1219 1372 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762
762 761 761 610 610 610 610 457 457 610 762 914 914 1372 1829 2286 1067 1219
f c' ag fy Vu a:STM Load a/d Bear ρw A M Rep. MMAX (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) 1016 P 4.00 305 0.98 19.4 25
452 306.1 S 0.92 34.2 1270 P 5.00 305 0.98 26.8 25 459 408.2 S 1.12 35.1 1524 P 6.00 305 0.98 30.7 25 462 510.2 F 1.23 32.7 508 P 2.00 305 3.33 28.3 25 341
30.0 S 0.62 103.4 762 P 3.00 305 3.33 26.1 25 314 60.1 S 0.57 58.9 1016 P 4.00 305 3.33 22.1 25 393 90.1 S 0.57 46.9 1270 P 5.00 305 3.33 27.5 25 364 120.1 S
0.79 54.7 1524 P 6.00 305 3.33 25.0 25 332 150.2 S 0.94 49.4 559 U2 2.21 152 1.01 26.6 25 461 113.5 S 1.31 73.5 559 U2 2.21 152 1.01 32.1 25 462 113.5 S 1.34 76.9
559 U2 2.21 152 1.01 39.7 25 586 113.5 S 1.25 90.5 699 U2 2.77 152 1.01 19.2 25 464 109.9 S 1.08 49.1 699 U2 2.77 152 1.01 28.7 25 462 109.9 F 1.37 65.5 699 U2
2.77 152 1.01 41.2 25 586 109.9 S 0.97 59.7 419 U2 1.52 152 1.35 25.8 25 361 92.3 S 1.13 90.5 559 U2 2.21 152 2.21 34.6 25 306 51.9 F 1.24 99.6 762 P 2.49 102 1.59
22.8 6 324 93.8 S 0.71 59.2 762 P 2.42 102 1.59 30.0 6 323 89.7 S 0.84 76.9 1067 P 3.36 102 1.53 24.7 6 323 154.2 S 0.72 45.4 1219 P 3.92 102 1.56 20.9 6 320
186.8 S 0.78 40.7 1372 P 4.46 102 1.58 19.7 6 321 218.9 S 0.81 36.9 1016 P 2.45 102 1.59 24.8 25 308 91.1 S 0.87 73.1 1016 P 2.45 102 1.59 24.4 25 319 91.1 S 0.46
39.7 1270 P 2.45 102 1.59 27.7 25 326 91.1 S 0.58 52.0 1270 P 2.50 102 1.59 24.5 25 323 94.3 S 0.72 60.5 1524 P 2.50 102 1.59 22.8 25 321 94.3 S 0.62 51.0 1524 P
2.45 102 1.59 21.9 25 319 91.1 S 0.54 46.0 1270 P 2.48 102 1.59 23.9 25 317 92.8 S 0.50 41.4 1270 P 2.48 102 1.59 21.5 25 323 92.8 S 0.59 49.4 1016 P 2.50 102 1.59
21.5 25 308 94.3 S 0.53 41.9 1016 P 2.50 102 1.59 24.3 25 323 94.3 S 0.79 66.0 762 P 2.50 102 1.59 21.2 25 327 94.3 F 1.12 92.2 762 P 2.50 102 1.59 22.6 25 317
94.3 S 0.70 57.0 1100 P 2.45 102 1.59 24.1 25 307 91.0 S 0.59 49.4 1100 P 2.50 102 1.59 21.5 25 319 94.2 S 0.70 57.1 813 P 2.00 102 1.59 22.2 25 326 62.9 S 0.55
56.7 1016 P 2.00 102 1.59 21.2 25 330 62.9 S 0.63 65.2 1016 P 2.00 102 1.59 22.8 25 319 62.9 S 0.59 60.2 813 P 2.00 102 1.59 24.1 25 306 62.9 F 1.16 115.4 914 P
1.49 102 1.59 22.8 25 319 30.5 S 0.44 61.7 914 P 1.44 102 1.59 25.5 25 324 27.7 S 0.61 93.7 1219 P 1.95 102 1.59 21.6 25 319 60.0 S 0.63 67.3 1524 P 2.44 102 1.59
21.7 25 320 90.8 S 0.60 51.5 1829 P 3.00 102 1.59 20.0 25 319 125.8 S 0.56 37.5 1829 P 3.13 102 1.59 22.9 25 323 134.0 S 0.67 42.5 2743 P 4.70 102 1.59 23.6 25
323 232.4 S 0.96 40.8 3658 P 6.26 102 1.59 24.1 25 324 330.9 F 1.21 38.7 4572 P 7.83 102 1.59 23.8 25 320 429.3 F 1.24 31.3 2134 P 3.65 102 1.59 18.4 25 307
166.8 S 0.73 36.4 2438 P 4.17 102 1.59 21.2 25 328 199.6 S 0.89 42.3
11
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 2.42 S 1.16 S 1.18 2.12 S F 1.84 F F 6.07 C 1.00 S 1.90 3.60 S 1.14 S 1.40 3.11 S 1.04 S 1.30 3.25 S 1.19 S
1.46 3.08 S 1.18 S 1.41 4.47 C S 4.26 C S 4.51 C S 3.52 S 1.34 S 1.51 3.84 S S 2.92 S 1.26 S 1.33 5.11 C F 5.31 C S 3.20 S 1.31 S 1.35 3.53 S 1.50 S 1.52 2.27 S 1.05 S 1.05
2.26 S 1.06 S 1.05 2.14 S 1.02 S 1.01 3.73 S 1.38 S 1.58 2.04 S 0.76 S 0.87 2.51 S 0.95 S 1.08 3.17 S 1.18 S 1.35 2.77 S 1.02 S 1.17 2.50 S 0.91 S 1.05 2.17 S 0.80 S 0.92
2.73 S 0.99 S 1.15 2.34 S 0.85 S 0.99 3.47 S 1.29 S 1.48 5.19 S S 3.10 S 1.14 S 1.31 2.55 S 0.94 S 1.08 3.19 S 1.16 S 1.34 3.12 S 1.07 S 1.20 3.67 S 1.25 S 1.40 3.27 S 1.13 S
1.26 6.10 S S 3.32 S 1.13 S 1.00 4.62 S 1.60 S 1.36 3.67 S 1.25 S 1.39 2.80 S 1.02 S 1.17 2.18 S 0.83 S 0.96 2.40 S 0.94 S 1.08 2.27 S 1.03 S 1.09 2.13 F F 1.74 F F 2.30 S
0.91 S 1.05 2.49 S 1.06 S 1.17
Author and Notes 346 Guralnick 347 348 349 350 Hanson, 1961 351 352 353 Leonhardt 354 & Walther 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362 363 364 365 366
367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400
Ref Year Beam # Name 16 1960 IA-1M 1960 IC-1M 1960 IIA-1M 1960 IIC-1M 17 1961 8A4 1961 8B2 1961 8B3 18 1962 P2 1962 P3 1962 P4 1962 P5 1962 P8 1962
P9 1962 P10 1962 P11 1962 P12 1962 1 1962 2 1962 3 1962 4L 1962 4R 1962 5l 1962 5r 1962 6l 1962 6r 1962 7-1 1962 7-2 1962 8-1 1962 8-2 1962 9-1 1962 9-2 1962
10-1 1962 10-2 1962 D1/1 1962 D1/2 1962 D2/1 1962 D2/2 1962 D3/1 1962 D3/2l 1962 D3/2r 1962 D4/1 1962 D4/2l 1962 D4/2r 1962 C1 1962 C2 1962 C3 1962 C4
1962 EA1 1962 EA2 1962 E6 1962 GA1 1962 GA2 1962 G6 1962 11/1 1962 11/2
bw (mm) 178 178 178 178 152 152 152 503 502 500 503 502 500 503 498 501 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 50 50 100
100 150 150 150 200 200 200 100 150 200 225 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190
b (mm) 584 584 584 584 152 152 152 503 502 500 503 502 500 503 498 501 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 50 50 100
100 150 150 150 200 200 200 100 150 200 225 190 190 190 190 190 190 190 190
h (mm) 387 387 387 387 305 305 305 162 162 165 165 168 166 122 203 162 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 320 323 323 322 322 80 80
160 160 240 240 240 320 320 320 180 330 500 670 320 320 320 320 320 320 340 346
d (mm) 319 316 256 316 267 267 267 142 142 145 145 148 146 102 183 142 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 278 278 278 274 273 273 272 272 70 70 140
140 210 210 210 280 280 280 150 300 450 600 270 270 270 270 270 270 290 296
a:M/V (mm) 457 457 914 914 1321 1321 660 490 490 490 490 490 490 350 630 350 270 400 540 670 670 810 810 1100 1100 1390 1390 1668 1644 1890 1890
2160 2160 210 210 420 420 630 630 630 840 840 840 450 900 1350 1800 750 750 750 500 500 500 375 375
f c' ag fy Vu a:STM Load a/d Bear ρw A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 914 P 1.43 152 1.37 26.9 19 552 31.8 S 0.49 139.7 5.72 S 2.14 S 1.81 914 P 1.44 152 1.38 33.5 19 552 32.3 S 0.55 155.2 5.74 C 2.11 S 1.91
1829 P 3.57 152 1.70 26.9 19 552 151.1 S 0.76 85.0 4.33 S 1.79 S 2.00 1829 P 2.89 152 1.38 33.5 19 552 137.3 S 0.71 101.0 3.73 S 1.64 S 1.73 1321 P 4.95 102 1.25 20.9
19 611 317.0 S 0.69 33.8 2.19 S 1.08 S 1.07 1321 P 4.95 102 2.53 30.8 19 326 156.1 S 0.92 52.4 2.80 S 1.16 S 1.31 660 P 2.48 102 1.25 30.1 19 334 118.4 S 0.73 46.0
2.48 S 1.03 S 1.12 490 P 3.45 45 0.95 13.4 30 427 258.0 S 1.11 76.2 3.51 S S 490 P 3.45 45 1.11 13.4 30 427 220.8 S 1.05 81.1 3.74 S 1.46 S 1.73 490 P 3.38 45 1.40
14.5 30 427 170.0 S 1.05 100.8 4.40 S 1.60 S 1.98 490 P 3.38 45 1.86 13.4 30 427 127.9 S 0.92 100.8 4.54 S 1.50 S 1.94 490 P 3.31 45 0.91 24.9 30 427 252.8 S 1.11
88.0 2.86 S S 490 P 3.36 45 1.86 24.9 30 427 126.8 S 0.76 105.8 3.50 S 1.27 S 1.57 350 P 3.43 45 1.10 12.4 30 427 221.0 S 1.24 59.3 3.96 S S 630 P 3.44 45 1.11
13.7 30 427 220.1 S 1.01 101.2 3.62 S 1.44 S 1.68 350 P 2.46 45 0.95 12.6 30 427 154.2 S 1.18 100.5 4.79 S S 270 P 1.00 100 2.07 32.4 30 465 24.2 S 0.95 388.5
16.03 C 1.28 C 1.33 400 P 1.48 100 2.07 32.4 30 465 35.8 S 0.95 260.0 10.73 C 1.52 C 1.20 540 P 2.00 100 2.07 32.4 30 465 48.3 S 0.72 147.2 6.07 C 1.46 S 2.29
670 P 2.48 100 2.07 32.4 30 465 71.6 S 0.50 81.6 3.37 S 1.19 S 1.40 670 PAgree
2.48 100 2.07 32.4 30 465 71.6 S 0.53 87.0 3.59 S 1.26 S 1.49 810 P 3.00 100 2.07 32.4
& close
30 465 96.6 S 0.44 60.3 2.49 S 0.93 S 1.09 810 P 3.00 100 2.07 32.4 30 465 96.6 S 0.56 76.5 3.16 S 1.18 S 1.39 1100 P 4.07 100 2.07 32.4 30 465 148.5 S 0.61
60.8 2.51 S 1.03 S 1.17 1100 P 4.07 100 2.07 32.4 30 465 148.5 S 0.68 68.2 2.81 S 1.16 S 1.31 1390 P 5.00 100 2.01 33.9 30 465 198.9 S 0.75 62.3 2.44 S 1.10 S 1.17
1390 P 5.00 100 2.01 33.9 30 465 198.9 S 0.82 68.2 2.67 S 1.20 S 1.28 1668 P 6.00 100 2.01 34.0 30 465 248.7 S 0.95 65.7 2.57 S 1.23 S 1.26 1644 P 6.00 100
2.04 34.0 30 465 245.1 S 0.96 65.7 2.61 S 1.24 S 1.27 1890 P 6.92 100 2.05 34.9 30 465 289.3 S 0.98 58.9 2.31 S 1.17 S 1.14 1890 P 6.92 100 2.05 36.0 30 465
289.3 S 0.98 58.9 2.28 S 1.16 S 1.13 2160 P 7.94 100 2.05 32.9 30 465 337.8 F 0.98 50.5 2.05 S S 2160 P 7.94 100 2.05 32.9 30 465 337.8 F 1.07 54.9 2.23 S S 210
P 3.00 30 1.71 35.1 15 451 117.0 S 0.93 7.3 4.22 S 1.56 S 1.92 210 P 3.00 30 1.71 35.1 15 451 117.0 S 0.91 7.2 4.16 S 1.54 S 1.89 420 P 3.00 50 1.62 31.3 15 427 123.8 S
0.76 21.2 3.26 S 1.26 S 1.48 420 P 3.00 50 1.62 31.3 15 427 123.8 S 0.83 23.2 3.57 S 1.38 S 1.62 630 P 3.00 75 1.62 33.8 15 413 123.8 S 0.75 46.4 3.05 S 1.24 S 1.39
630 P 3.00 75 1.62 33.8 15 413 123.8 S 0.69 42.9 2.82 S 1.15 S 1.29 630 P 3.00 75 1.62 33.8 15 413 123.8 S 0.69 42.9 2.82 S 1.15 S 1.29 840 P 3.00 100 1.68 34.6 15
439 119.4 S 0.62 74.1 2.71 S 1.14 S 1.23 840 P 3.00 100 1.68 34.6 15 439 119.4 S 0.59 71.3 2.61 S 1.09 S 1.19 840 P 3.00 100 1.68 34.6 15 439 119.4 S 0.59 71.3 2.61 S
1.09 S 1.19 450 P 3.00 60 1.29 38.3 30 425 154.5 S 0.86 21.6 2.80 S 1.18 S 1.32 900 P 3.00 80 1.28 38.3 30 425 156.0 S 0.87 64.7 2.80 S 1.27 S 1.32 1350 P 3.00
120 1.28 38.3 30 425 156.0 S 0.68 101.5 2.20 S 1.05 S 1.04 1800 P 3.00 120 1.28 38.3 30 425 156.0 S 0.68 152.1 2.19 S 1.11 S 1.04 750 P 2.78 100 1.82 22.2 30 439
97.7 S 0.50 58.4 2.91 S 1.04 S 1.24 750 P 2.78 100 1.78 22.2 30 490 100.1 S 0.60 74.6 3.72 S 1.34 S 1.59 750 P 2.78 100 2.47 27.6 30 426 72.0 S 0.61 91.2 4.07 S
1.38 S 1.66 500 U2 1.85 100 1.82 22.3 30 439 65.1 S 0.70 89.5 4.45 C 1.46 C 1.01 500 U2 1.85 100 1.78 22.3 30 490 66.7 S 0.78 106.0 5.26 C 1.74 C 1.19 500 U2
1.85 100 2.47 26.1 30 426 48.0 S 0.89 143.6 6.60 C 1.96 C 1.38 375 U2 1.29 100 1.93 38.1 30 465 68.2 S 0.82 165.8 5.87 C 1.10 C 0.93 375 U2 1.27 100 1.89 38.1 30
465 70.2 S 0.87 177.0 6.14 C 1.15 C 0.99
Author and Notes 401 402 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 412 413 414 415 416 417 418 419 420 421 422 423 424 425 426 427 428 429 430 431 432
433 434 435 436 437 438 439 440 441 442 443 444 445 446 447 448 449 450
de Cossio
(discussion to 326 report!) (sept 1962 issue) (2 tests removed E29.4-9.8A E29.4-9.8B as listed ex but fail at 67% of Mn.)
Ref Year Beam # Name 1962 12/1 1962 12/2 1962 13/1 1962 13/2 1962 14/1 1962 14/2 1962 15/1 1962 15/2 1962 16/1 1962 16/2 1962 17/1 1962 17/2 19 1962 32-8E
1962 32-8F 1962 48-8F 1962 48-8E 1962 64-8F 1962 64-8E 1962 32-8D 1962 32-8C 1962 48-8D 1962 48-8C 1962 64-8C 1962 64-8D 1962 32-8A 1962 32-8B
1962 B32-8A 1962 B32-8B 1962 C32-8A 1962 C32-8B 1962 48-8B 1962 48-8A 1962 64-8A 1962 64-8B 1962 A2.1-16.8A 1962 A2.1-16.8B 1962 A3-12A 1962 A3-
12B 1962 A3-12C 1962 A4.25-17A 1962 A4.25-17B 1962 B3-12A 1962 B3-12B 1962 B4.25-17A 1962 B4.25-17B 1962 C4.25-17A 1962 C4.25-17B 1962 A4.7-14.7A
1962 A4.7-14.7B 1962 A4.25-8.5A
bw (mm) 190 189 190 189 190 190 190 189 190 189 189 189 321 319 479 479 639 639 320 319 479 483 640 640 322 317 318 318 319 319 505 479 640 636 21 21
30 30 30 42 42 29 30 42 42 42 42 46 46 42
b (mm) 190 189 190 189 190 190 190 189 190 189 189 189 321 319 479 479 639 639 320 319 479 483 640 640 322 317 318 318 319 319 505 479 640 636 21 21
30 30 30 42 42 29 30 42 42 42 42 46 46 42
h (mm) 323 322 323 322 323 323 322 323 323 324 323 324 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 203 203
152 152 152 203 203 152 152 203 203 203 203 178 178 102
d (mm) 273 272 273 272 273 273 272 273 273 274 273 274 83 83 83 82 83 87 84 82 84 83 82 81 81 81 80 80 80 80 82 81 82 81 168 168 122 120 122 170 172
120 120 170 170 170 170 147 147 86
a:M/V (mm) 500 500 625 625 750 750 1000 1000 1250 1250 1500 1500 332 330 331 329 332 347 336 326 336 332 328 324 324 325 318 320 320 318 326 324
327 322 450 450 325 320 325 680 688 480 480 680 680 454 454 393 393 230
f c' ag fy Vu a:STM Load a/d Bear ρw A M Rep. MMAX (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) 500 U2 1.83 100 2.05 36.8 30
465 58.0 S 0.87 144.4 500 U2 1.84 100 2.07 36.7 30 465 57.4 S 0.69 114.6 625 U2 2.29 100 2.05 37.3 30 465 55.7 S 0.74 106.6 625 U2 2.30 100 2.07 37.3 30
465 55.1 S 0.75 106.7 750 U2 2.75 100 2.05 36.2 30 465 54.3 S 0.69 85.9 750 U2 2.75 100 2.05 36.2 30 465 54.3 S 0.69 86.3 1000 U2 3.68 100 2.05 38.3 30 465
52.5 S 0.82 80.9 1000 U2 3.66 100 2.06 38.3 30 465 52.4 S 0.87 86.0 1250 U2 4.58 100 2.05 37.8 30 465 51.8 S 1.03 84.2 1250 U2 4.56 100 2.05 37.8 30 465
51.8 S 1.02 83.7 1500 U2 5.49 100 2.06 35.5 30 465 51.0 F 1.13 78.0 1500 U2 5.47 100 2.05 35.5 30 465 51.2 S 1.12 77.6 332 P 4.00 17 1.87 23.2 12 418 160.4 S 0.78
32.8 330 P 4.00 17 1.87 21.2 12 418 160.4 S 0.82 33.2 331 P 4.00 17 1.98 27.9 12 408 151.5 S 1.01 60.7 329 P 4.00 16 1.99 26.7 12 459 150.8 S 0.80 51.0 332 P 4.00
17 1.88 30.4 12 373 159.6 S 1.04 71.3 347 P 4.00 17 1.92 31.2 12 373 156.3 S 0.91 67.7 336 P 4.00 17 1.85 21.2 12 367 162.2 S 0.92 34.1 326 P 4.00 16 1.91 23.2 12 367
157.1 S 0.93 34.9 336 P 4.00 17 1.94 26.6 12 383 154.6 S 1.14 65.0 332 P 4.00 17 1.95 25.2 12 404 153.8 S 1.01 58.7 328 P 4.00 16 1.90 28.5 12 383 157.9 S 1.26 85.2
324 P 4.00 16 1.95 28.5 12 383 153.8 S 1.21 81.6 324 P 4.00 16 1.90 23.7 12 383 157.9 S 0.96 37.1 325 P 4.00 16 1.85 23.7 12 383 162.2 S 1.01 38.0 318 P 4.00 16 2.81
26.8 12 403 106.8 S 0.91 49.0 320 P 4.00 16 2.80 26.8 12 432 107.1 S 0.92 51.9 320 P 4.00 16 1.95 26.6 12 394 153.8 S 1.01 41.2 318 P 4.00 16 1.95 26.6 12 394
153.8 S 1.04 42.2 326 P 4.00 16 1.98 27.8 12 399 151.5 S 1.08 65.3 324 P 4.00 16 2.01 27.8 12 410 149.3 S 1.04 62.0 327 P 4.00 16 1.90 28.5 12 397 157.9 S 1.27 87.0
322 P 4.00 16 1.94 29.2 12 440 154.6 S 1.18 85.5 450 P 2.67 34 2.00 34.6 12 410 83.5 S 0.51 4.7 450 P 2.67 34 2.00 34.6 12 410 83.5 S 0.50 4.7 325 P 2.67 24
1.98 28.5 12 394 84.3 S 0.48 4.3 320 P 2.67 24 1.97 29.0 12 394 84.8 S 0.47 4.2 325 P 2.67 24 1.97 28.5 12 396 84.8 S 0.49 4.4 680 P 4.00 34 2.00 13.7 12 408
150.0 S 0.56 5.3 688 P 4.00 34 1.94 13.7 12 408 154.6 S 0.63 6.0 480 P 4.00 24 2.00 29.0 12 394 150.0 S 0.82 4.8 480 P 4.00 24 1.97 29.0 12 394 152.3 S 0.69
4.0 680 P 4.00 34 2.00 13.4 12 408 150.0 S 0.59 5.5 680 P 4.00 34 1.94 13.7 12 408 154.6 S 0.59 5.6 454 P 2.67 34 1.96 13.7 12 421 85.2 S 0.47 6.7 454 P 2.67
34 1.96 13.7 12 421 85.2 S 0.41 5.9 393 P 2.67 29 2.08 28.3 12 436 80.3 S 0.51 9.6 393 P 2.67 29 2.08 28.3 12 436 80.3 S 0.52 9.8 230 P 2.67 17 1.97 29.7 12 397
84.8 S 0.62 5.6
13
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 5.53 C 1.51 C 0.98 4.43 C 1.21 C 0.78 4.05 S 1.40 S 1.61 4.09 S 1.41 S 1.63 3.31 S 1.14 S 1.31 3.33 S 1.14 S
1.31 3.05 S 1.05 S 1.20 3.24 S 1.11 S 1.28 3.18 S 1.09 S 1.25 3.17 S 1.08 S 1.24 3.06 F S 3.03 F S 3.07 S 1.15 S 1.42 3.30 S 1.22 S 1.51 3.49 S 1.32 S 1.62 3.02 S 1.13 S 1.39
2.93 S 1.15 S 1.37 2.63 S 1.03 S 1.23 3.32 S 1.23 S 1.52 3.35 S 1.24 S 1.54 3.77 S S 3.51 S 1.31 S 1.62 3.66 S S 3.55 S S 3.52 S 1.31 S 1.62 3.65 S 1.37 S 1.69 4.51 S 1.52 S
1.98 4.74 S 1.60 S 2.08 3.77 S 1.42 S 1.74 3.88 S 1.46 S 1.79 3.62 S 1.37 S 1.68 3.65 S 1.37 S 1.69 3.75 S S 3.72 S S 2.75 S 1.00 S 1.18 2.70 S 0.98 S 1.16 2.67 S 0.91 S
2.67 S 0.86 S 1.04 3.19 S 1.10 S 1.34 3.25 S 1.12 S 1.36 3.38 S 1.14 S 1.44
#
Author and Notes 451 452 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462Agree
463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 477 478 479 480 481
& close
482 483 484 485 486 487 488 489 490 Ruesch, Haugli 491 492 493 Bresler & 494 Scordelis 495
bw Ref Year Beam b # Name (mm) (mm) 19 1962 A4.25-8.5B 42 42 1962 A4.25-8.5C 42 42 1962 A6-12A 60 60 1962 A6-12B 60 60 1962 A6-12C 60 60 1962
A8.5-17A 87 87 1962 A8.5-17B 85 85 1962 A8.5-17C 86 86 1962 A10.4-13.9A 103 103 1962 A10.4-13.9B 103 103 1962 A12-12A 120 120 1962 A12-12B 120 120 1962
A12-12C 120 120 1962 A12-12D 120 120 1962 A14.7-9.8A 147 147 1962 A14.7-9.8B 146 146 1962 B12-6A 120 120 1962 B12-6B 120 120 1962 A12-6A 121 121 1962 A12-
6B 120 120 1962 A12-6C 122 122 1962 A12-6D 120 120 1962 A12-6E 120 120 1962 D29.4-9.8A 290 290 1962 D29.4-9.8B 294 294 1962 D29.4-9.8C 293 293 1962
D29.4-9.8D 294 294 1962 A29.4-9.8A 293 293 1962 A29.4-9.8B 293 293 1962 C29.4-9.8A 294 294 1962 C29.4-9.8B 294 294 1962 B29.4-9.8A 294 294 1962
B29.4-9.8B 294 294 1962 A34-8.5A 339 339 1962 A34-8.5B 339 339 1962 A.8.5-34A 85 85 1962 A.8.5-34B 87 87 1962 A50-25A 501 501 1962 A50-25B 502
502 20 1962 X 90 90 1962 Y 120 120 1962 Z 180 180 21 1963 0A-1 310 310 1963 0A-2 305 305 1963 0A-3 307 307
h (mm) 102 102 152 152 152 203 203 203 178 178 152 152 152 152 127 127 76 76 76 76 76 76 76 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 102 102 406 406 305 305
134 229 302 556 561 556
d (mm) 86 86 121 122 120 171 170 170 139 140 121 122 121 120 99 99 62 63 60 62 62 61 61 100 100 98 99 99 99 99 99 98 98 86 86 341 340 253 252 111 199 262
461 466 462
a:M/V (mm) 231 230 323 326 321 456 454 454 372 374 323 326 323 320 264 263 165 168 161 165 165 163 164 400 400 392 396 264 264 264 264 392 392 230
231 910 909 675 674 400 717 947 1753 2210 3124
f c' ag fy Vu a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A M Rep. MMAX (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) 231 P 2.67 17 1.97 29.7 12 397
84.8 S 0.64 5.8 230 P 2.67 17 1.97 29.7 12 397 84.8 S 0.64 5.8 323 P 2.67 24 1.94 29.7 12 390 86.1 S 0.60 10.6 326 P 2.67 24 1.92 29.7 12 390 87.0 S 0.60 10.5 321
P 2.67 24 1.94 29.7 12 390 86.1 S 0.60 10.4 456 P 2.67 34 1.92 35.0 12 392 87.0 S 0.65 23.5 454 P 2.67 34 1.96 35.0 12 392 85.2 S 0.66 23.9 454 P 2.67 34 1.95
33.9 12 390 85.6 S 0.58 21.0 372 P 2.67 28 1.97 23.9 12 440 84.8 S 0.59 21.5 374 P 2.67 28 1.96 23.9 12 440 85.2 S 0.65 23.8 323 P 2.67 24 1.95 23.7 12 402 85.6
S 0.79 27.0 326 P 2.67 24 1.96 29.2 12 402 85.2 S 0.72 26.0 323 P 2.67 24 1.95 31.0 12 402 85.6 S 0.65 23.8 320 P 2.67 24 1.97 31.0 12 402 84.8 S 0.65 23.7 264
P 2.67 20 1.96 26.5 12 450 85.2 S 0.59 22.8 263 P 2.67 20 1.97 26.5 12 450 84.8 S 0.67 25.8 165 P 2.67 12 2.88 26.0 12 434 58.0 S 0.66 16.4 168 P 2.67 13 2.84
26.0 12 434 58.8 S 0.72 17.9 161 P 2.67 12 1.44 30.0 12 392 116.0 S 1.24 17.0 165 P 2.67 12 1.92 30.0 12 392 87.0 S 0.87 15.5 165 P 2.67 12 1.90 30.0 12 392 87.9 S
0.88 15.7 163 P 2.67 12 1.94 24.1 12 404 86.1 S 0.95 16.6 164 P 2.67 12 1.93 30.3 12 404 86.5 S 1.02 18.6 400 P 4.00 20 2.90 24.6 12 382 103.4 S 0.64 37.8 400 P
4.00 20 2.90 24.6 12 382 103.4 S 0.57 34.3 392 P 4.00 20 2.46 24.6 12 422 122.0 S 0.76 42.9 396 P 4.00 20 2.92 24.6 12 422 102.7 S 0.75 47.5 264 P 2.67 20
1.96 27.2 12 426 85.2 S 0.69 50.1 264 P 2.67 20 1.96 27.2 12 426 85.2 S 0.72 52.5 264 P 2.67 20 1.95 14.9 12 372 85.6 S 0.67 36.3 264 P 2.67 20 1.95 18.0 12 372
85.6 S 0.74 43.4 392 P 4.00 20 1.97 25.6 12 378 152.3 S 0.94 41.8 392 P 4.00 20 1.97 23.2 12 378 152.3 S 1.05 45.9 230 P 2.67 17 1.95 28.8 12 396 85.6 F 0.89 57.9
231 P 2.67 17 1.94 28.8 12 396 86.1 F 0.92 59.5 910 P 2.67 68 1.86 28.0 12 408 89.8 S 0.42 28.6 909 P 2.67 68 1.80 25.8 12 416 92.8 S 0.40 27.6 675 P 2.67 51 1.81
34.5 12 399 92.3 S 0.63 188.7 674 P 2.67 50 1.85 34.1 12 394 90.3 S 0.57 171.2 400 P 3.60 10 2.65 23.0 30 481 98.2 S 0.61 14.6 717 P 3.60 10 2.65 23.0 30 407
98.0 S 0.58 30.1 947 P 3.62 10 2.64 24.2 30 412 99.0 S 0.52 54.7 1753 P 3.80 127 1.81 22.6 19 555 155.2 S 0.60 166.8 2210 P 4.74 127 2.27 23.7 19 555 164.9 S 0.69
177.9 3124 P 6.77 127 2.73 37.6 19 552 211.5 S 0.78 189.0
14
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 3.49 S 1.18 S 1.48 3.49 S 1.17 S 1.48 3.19 S 1.11 S 1.36 3.15 S 1.10 S 1.35 3.19 S 1.11 S 1.36 3.24 S 1.19 S 1.41
3.36 S 1.23 S 1.45 2.99 S 1.09 S 1.29 3.68 S 1.25 S 1.53 4.05 S 1.38 S 1.69 4.60 S 1.54 S 1.92 3.97 S 1.37 S 1.69 3.53 S 1.23 S 1.51 3.57 S 1.24 S 1.53 3.67 S 1.23 S 1.55
4.20 S 1.40 S 1.77 5.23 S 1.53 S 2.01 5.63 S 1.65 S 2.17 5.12 S S 4.60 S 1.54 S 1.97 4.60 S 1.54 S 1.97 5.56 S 1.79 S 2.32 5.53 S 1.85 S 2.37 3.17 S 1.06 S 1.38 2.83 S
0.94 S 1.23 3.62 S 1.27 S 1.61 3.96 S 1.32 S 1.72 3.99 S 1.34 S 1.68 4.18 S 1.40 S 1.77 3.89 S 1.20 S 1.54 4.23 S 1.34 S 1.71 3.46 S 1.31 S 1.59 3.98 S 1.48 S 1.82 4.45 S S
4.56 S S 2.26 S 0.90 S 0.97 2.22 S 0.89 S 0.95 3.06 S 1.21 S 1.34 2.79 S 1.09 S 1.22 3.67 S 1.19 S 1.57 3.17 S 1.07 S 1.35 2.84 S 1.00 S 1.22 2.96 S 1.31 S 1.36 3.10 S 1.38
S 1.43 2.62 S 1.33 S 1.27
Author and Notes 496 Mathey and 497 Watstein 498 499 500 501 502 503 504 505 506 507 508 509 510 511 512 513 514 515 516 517 518 519 520 521 de
Pavia 522 523 524 525 526 527 528 529 530 531 532 Krefeld & Thurston 533 534 535 536 537 538 539 540 541 542 543 544 545
Ref Year Beam # Name 22 1963 I-1 1963 I-2 1963 II-3 1963 II-4 1963 III-5 1963 III-6 1963 IV-7 1963 IV-8 1963 V-9 1963 V-10 1963 VI-11 1963 VI-12 1963 V-13 1963
V-14 1963 VI-15 1963 VI-16 1963 IIIa-17 1963 IIIa-18 1963 Va-19 1963 Va-20 1963 VIb-21 1963 VIb-22 1963 VIb-23 1963 VIa-24 1963 VIa-25 23 1965 G23S-11 1965
G23S-21 1965 G24S-11 1965 G24S-21 1965 G33S-11 1965 G33S-21 1965 G33S-31 1965 G34S-11 1965 G34S-21 1965 G43S-11 1965 G44S-11 24 1966 II-4A3 1966 II-
5A3 1966 II-11A2 1966 II-12A2 1966 III-18A2 1966 III-18B2 1966 III-18C2 1966 III-18D2 1966 IV-13A2 1966 IV-14A2 1966 IV-15A2 1966 IV-15B2 1966 IV-16A2 1966
IV-17A2
bw (mm) 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 51 51 51 51 76 76 76 76 76 102 102 203
203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
b (mm) 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 51 51 51 51 76 76 76 76 76 102 102 203
203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
h (mm) 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 330 330 330 330 229 229 229 229 229
178 178 457 457 381 305 381 381 381 381 381 305 381 381 305 305
d (mm) 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 403 305 305 305 305 203 203 203
203 203 152 152 390 390 314 238 316 316 316 316 319 243 316 316 240 243
a:M/V (mm) 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 1524 1524 1524 1524 1143 1143 1143 1524 1524 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203
203 203 203 915 915 915 914 915 915 915 915 914 914 915 915 914 914
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 610 P 1.51 89 3.05 25.4 25 267 24.8 S 0.88 312.9 9.14 C 1.76 C 1.66 610 P 1.51 89 3.05 23.0 25 267 24.8 S 0.89 310.7 9.54 C 1.91 C 1.82
610 P 1.51 89 1.88 21.9 25 466 40.2 S 0.72 261.8 8.24 C 1.80 C 1.61 610 P 1.51 89 1.88 26.4 25 466 40.2 S 0.82 312.9 8.96 C 1.83 C 1.59 610 P 1.51 89 1.85 25.7 25
490 40.9 S 0.74 288.5 8.37 C 1.73 C 1.51 610 P 1.51 89 1.85 25.6 25 490 40.9 S 0.75 290.7 8.45 C 1.75 C 1.53 610 P 1.51 89 1.86 24.1 25 443 40.7 S 0.82 290.8 8.71
C 1.84 C 1.62 610 P 1.51 89 1.86 24.9 25 443 40.7 S 0.85 304.0 8.96 C 1.87 C 1.64 610 P 1.51 89 1.16 23.1 25 698 65.2 S 0.64 224.0 6.85 C 1.60 C 1.30 610 P 1.51 89
1.16 27.0 25 698 65.2 S 0.74 268.4 7.60 C 1.70 C 1.34 610 P 1.51 89 1.17 25.4 25 698 64.7 S 0.63 224.0 6.54 C 1.48 C 1.19 610 P 1.51 89 1.17 25.7 25 698 64.7 S 0.75
268.4 7.80 C 1.76 C 1.41 610 P 1.51 89 0.75 22.4 25 712 100.9 S 0.90 222.4 6.91 C 1.80 C 1.34 610 P 1.51 89 0.75 26.7 25 712 100.9 S 0.88 224.0 6.38 C 1.59 C 1.13
610 P 1.51 89 0.75 25.5 25 712 100.9 S 0.71 179.5 5.23 C 1.31 C 0.95 610 P 1.51
Agree89 0.75 22.8 25 712 100.9 S 0.76 188.6 5.81 C 1.50 C 1.11 1524 P 3.78 89 2.54 29.2 25
& close
505 109.6 S 0.43 88.1 2.40 S 0.94 S 1.06 1524 P 3.78 89 2.54 25.2 25 505 109.6 S 0.42 80.7 2.37 S 0.91 S 1.04 1524 P 3.78 89 0.93 23.5 25 694 299.3 S 0.54 63.3
1.92 S 1.01 S 0.94 1524 P 3.78 89 0.93 25.6 25 694 299.3 S 0.55 65.9 1.92 S 1.02 S 0.94 1143 P 2.84 89 0.84 26.1 25 707 218.7 S 0.48 71.4 2.05 S 1.03 S 0.98 1143
P 2.84 89 0.84 25.8 25 707 218.7 S 0.42 62.4 1.81 S 0.90 S 0.87 1143 P 2.84 89 0.84 30.6 25 707 218.7 S 0.49 75.1 2.00 S 1.03 S 0.96 1524 P 3.78 89 0.47 26.3
25 696 592.1 S 0.83 54.5 1.56 S 1.09 F 0.79 1524 P 3.78 89 0.47 25.8 25 696 592.1 S 0.76 49.9 1.45 S 1.00 F 0.73 203 P 0.67 98 0.83 24.6 10 483 40.2 S 1.07 89.8
14.09 C 1.23 C 1.58 203 P 0.67 98 0.46 23.6 10 483 72.5 F 1.09 53.3 8.54 F F 203 P 0.67 98 0.83 38.6 10 483 40.2 F 1.04 90.7 11.35 F F 203 P 0.67 98 0.46 36.1
10 483 72.5 F 1.01 50.2 6.50 F F 203 P 1.00 98 1.67 23.3 10 483 29.9 S 0.86 85.3 13.75 C 1.29 C 1.38 203 P 1.00 98 0.83 21.0 10 483 60.2 F 0.99 54.5 9.23 C F 203
P 1.00 98 2.58 19.9 10 483 19.4 S 0.88 106.9 18.62 C 1.71 C 2.02 203 P 1.00 98 1.67 35.2 10 483 29.9 S 1.02 109.8 14.40 C 1.20 C 1.18 203 P 1.00 98 0.83 34.2 10
483 60.2 F 0.97 56.0 7.45 F F 203 P 1.33 98 1.67 24.2 10 483 39.9 S 1.02 76.9 12.15 C 1.46 C 1.21 203 P 1.33 98 1.67 37.0 10 483 39.9 S 1.02 83.6 10.69 C 1.14 F
0.86 915 P 2.35 178 2.06 30.6 25 400 65.3 S 0.47 109.9 3.02 C 1.00 S 1.22 915 P 2.35 178 3.09 29.9 25 400 43.5 S 0.54 170.4 4.74 C 1.49 S 1.71 915 P 2.92 178 3.41
30.2 25 400 56.2 S 0.45 73.4 3.36 S 1.10 S 1.31 914 P 3.85 178 4.50 30.1 25 400 63.2 S 0.58 64.1 3.88 S 1.22 S 1.55 915 P 2.90 178 2.68 19.3 25 370 70.7 S 0.55
63.2 3.59 S 1.18 S 1.40 915 P 2.90 178 2.68 19.9 25 370 70.7 S 0.62 72.1 4.04 S 1.33 S 1.58 915 P 2.90 178 2.68 22.6 25 370 70.7 S 0.60 73.4 3.86 S 1.29 S 1.53 915 P
2.90 178 2.68 22.1 25 370 70.7 S 0.49 60.0 3.20 S 1.06 S 1.27 914 P 2.87 178 0.80 19.9 25 379 233.1 S 1.04 48.5 2.69 S 1.27 S 1.28 914 P 3.77 178 1.05 20.7 25 379
263.3 S 1.01 35.1 2.51 S 1.16 S 1.21 915 P 2.90 178 1.34 20.1 25 370 141.4 S 0.65 45.8 2.55 S 1.02 S 1.15 915 P 2.90 178 1.34 20.7 25 370 141.4 S 0.73 52.0 2.86 S 1.15 S
1.29 914 P 3.81 178 1.77 22.2 25 370 158.8 S 0.80 41.8 2.92 S 1.15 S 1.34 914 P 3.77 178 2.09 22.0 25 379 132.3 S 0.72 44.0 3.05 S 1.14 S 1.37
15
Author and Notes 546 547 548 549 550 551 552 553 554 555 556 557 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 576 577
578 579 580 581 582 583 584 585 586 587 588 589 590 591 592 593 594 595 596 597 598 599 600
Ref Year Beam # Name 1966 IV-18E2 1966 IV-19A2 1966 IV-20A2 1966 IV-21A2 1966 V-1AC 1966 V-2AC 1966 V-3AC 1966 V-4AC 1966 V-5AC 1966 V-6AC
1966 V-1CC 1966 V-2CC 1966 V-3CC 1966 V-4CC 1966 V-5CC 1966 V-6CC 1966 V-3EC 1966 V-4EC 1966 V-5GC 1966 V-6EC 1966 V-3GC 1966 V-4GC 1966 V-
5GC 1966 V-6GC 1966 V-3JC 1966 V-4JC 1966 V-5JC 1966 V-6JC 1966 VII-6C 1966 VIII-3AAC 1966 VIII-4AAC 1966 VIII-5AAC 1966 VIII-6AAC 1966 VIII-3AC
1966 VIII-4AC 1966 VIII-5AC 1966 VIII-6AC 1966 VIII-4CC 1966 VIII-5CC 1966 VIII-6CC 1966 VIII-4EC 1966 VIII-5EC 1966 VIII-6EC 1966 IX-3AAC 1966 IX-
4AAC 1966 IX-5AAC 1966 IX-6AAC 1966 IX-3AC 1966 IX-4AC 1966 IX-5AC 1966 IX-6AC 1966 IX-3CC 1966 IX-4CC 1966 IX-5CC 1966 IX-6CC
bw (mm) 152 152 152 203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
b (mm) 152 152 152 203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
h (mm) 381 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 316 240 238 238 256 254 256 254 252 250 256 254 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 252 256 254 252 250 256
254 252 250 254 252 250 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250
a:M/V (mm) 915 914 914 914 1219 1219 1219 1219 1219 1220 1523 1524 1523 1524 1524 1524 1828 1829 1828 1828 2134 2134 2133 2133 2438 2438 2438 2438 914
915 914 914 914 1219 1219 1219 1220 1524 1524 1524 1829 1828 1828 915 914 914 914 1219 1219 1219 1220 1523 1524 1524 1524
f c' ag fy a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A M Rep. MMAX (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn 915 P 2.90 178 2.68 19.8 25 370 70.7 S
0.70 914 P 3.81 178 3.53 20.6 25 370 79.6 S 0.59 914 P 3.85 178 4.52 21.0 25 400 62.9 S 0.62 914 P 3.85 178 5.01 19.9 25 400 56.8 S 0.74 1219 P 4.77 178 0.99
21.9 25 379 380.8 F 1.20 1219 P 4.80 178 1.32 23.0 25 394 287.9 S 1.04 1219 P 4.77 178 1.99 20.8 25 379 189.4 S 0.91 1219 P 4.80 178 2.63 16.5 25 394 144.5 S
0.72 1219 P 4.83 178 3.35 18.3 25 370 114.3 S 0.70 1220 P 4.87 178 4.30 22.8 25 400 90.0 S 0.72 1523 P 5.96 178 1.00 19.0 25 379 496.0 F 1.22 1524 P 6.00 178
1.32 20.8 25 394 378.8 F 1.06 1523 P 5.96 178 1.99 20.5 25 379 249.2 S 0.92 1524 P 6.00 178 2.63 20.6 25 394 190.1 S 0.85 1524 P 6.04 178 3.35 20.3 25 370
150.3 S 0.88 1524 P 6.09 178 4.30 20.6 25 400 118.3 S 0.83 1828 P 7.16 178 1.99 18.8 25 379 309.3 F 1.21 1829 P 7.20 178 2.63 21.2 25 394 235.7 S 1.05 1828 P
7.24 178 3.35 19.5 25 379 186.3 S 0.95 1828 P 7.30 178 4.30 19.1 25 400 146.5 S 1.02 2134 P 8.35 178 1.99 22.4 25 400 369.3 F 1.07 2134 P 8.40 178 2.63 21.0 25
394 281.4 S 1.09 2133 P 8.45 178 3.35 21.9 25 370 222.4 S 1.11 2133 P 8.52 178 4.30 21.4 25 400 174.8 S 1.02 2438 P 9.54 178 1.99 22.2 25 379 429.1 F 1.14 2438 P
9.60 178 2.63 22.2 25 394 327.0 F 1.04 2438 P 9.66 178 3.35 22.8 25 370 258.4 F 1.19 2438 P 9.74 178 4.30 21.4 25 400 203.1 F 1.01 914 P 3.62 178 3.35 20.1 25
370 78.2 S 0.61 915 P 3.58 178 1.99 34.6 25 379 129.6 S 0.78 914 P 3.60 178 2.63 29.2 25 394 98.9 S 0.66 914 P 3.62 178 3.35 32.8 25 370 78.2 S 0.56 914 P 3.65
178 4.30 34.4 25 400 61.6 S 0.47 1219 P 4.77 178 1.99 31.9 25 379 189.4 S 1.01 1219 P 4.80 178 2.63 30.5 25 394 144.5 S 0.81 1219 P 4.83 178 3.35 32.8 25 370
114.3 S 0.71 1220 P 4.87 178 4.30 34.1 25 400 90.0 S 0.62 1524 P 6.00 178 2.63 38.4 25 394 190.1 S 0.93 1524 P 6.04 178 3.35 37.4 25 370 150.3 S 0.90 1524 P
6.09 178 4.30 38.4 25 400 118.3 S 0.79 1829 P 7.20 178 2.63 36.8 25 394 235.7 F 1.11 1828 P 7.24 178 3.35 37.4 25 370 186.3 S 1.01 1828 P 7.30 178 4.30 33.8 25
400 146.5 S 0.78 915 P 3.58 178 1.99 12.6 25 379 129.6 S 0.76 914 P 3.60 178 2.63 12.9 25 394 98.9 S 0.74 914 P 3.62 178 3.35 15.4 25 370 78.2 S 0.74 914 P 3.65
178 4.30 13.4 25 400 61.6 S 1.07 1219 P 4.77 178 1.99 13.7 25 379 189.4 S 0.89 1219 P 4.80 178 2.63 12.9 25 394 144.5 S 0.93 1219 P 4.83 178 3.35 15.4 25 370
114.3 S 0.86 1220 P 4.87 178 4.30 12.4 25 400 90.0 S 1.01 1523 P 5.96 178 1.99 12.2 25 379 249.2 S 0.99 1524 P 6.00 178 2.63 17.1 25 394 190.1 S 0.82 1524 P 6.04
178 3.35 14.7 25 370 150.3 S 0.88 1524 P 6.09 178 4.30 13.7 25 400 118.3 S 1.11
Vu (kN) 81.8 46.3 50.7 76.5 32.9 37.8 44.0 37.8 41.8 53.4 26.7 30.2 35.6 40.0 44.5 44.5 37.8 41.8 39.6 42.3 31.6 36.9 41.8 40.5 28.0 31.6 40.0 35.1 51.2 55.6 57.8
56.9 60.0 53.4 53.8 54.3 59.2 52.5 57.4 63.2 51.6 53.4 48.9 40.5 42.7 50.3 62.3 36.9 40.0 43.6 40.9 31.1 35.1 34.2 39.6
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 4.60 S 1.51 S 1.80 3.36 S 1.07 S 1.36 3.67 S 1.11 S 1.40 4.27 S 1.25 S 1.57 2.17 F F 2.45 S 1.17 S 1.20 2.98
S 1.21 S 1.39 2.90 S 1.04 S 1.29 3.06 S 1.04 S 1.31 3.52 S 1.16 S 1.48 1.89 F F 2.06 F F 2.43 S 1.06 S 1.17 2.75 S 1.10 S 1.28 3.09 S 1.14 S 1.40 3.10 S 1.07 S 1.35 2.69 S S
2.82 S 1.20 S 1.35 2.80 S 1.09 S 1.30 3.05 S 1.10 S 1.37 2.06 F F 2.50 S 1.12 S 1.22 2.79 S S 2.76 S 1.06 S 1.28 1.84 F F 2.08 F F 2.62 F S 2.40 F S 3.57 S 1.14 S 1.43
2.92 S 1.17 S 1.35 3.33 S 1.20 S 1.45 3.11 S 1.06 S 1.32 3.23 S 1.04 S 1.31 2.92 S 1.27 S 1.40 3.03 S 1.20 S 1.40 2.96 S 1.10 S 1.34 3.19 S 1.11 S 1.39 2.63 S 1.17 S 1.27 2.93 S
1.19 S 1.38 3.22 S 1.22 S 1.47 2.64 S S 2.73 S 1.18 S 1.31 2.66 S 1.04 S 1.24 3.53 S 1.22 S 1.50 3.70 S 1.19 S 1.49 4.01 S 1.24 S 1.56 5.37 S 1.55 S 1.90 3.08 S 1.17 S 1.40
3.47 S 1.21 S 1.51 3.48 S 1.16 S 1.47 3.66 S 1.12 S 1.43 2.76 S 1.10 S 1.29 2.64 S 1.02 S 1.22 2.80 S 0.99 S 1.24 3.38 F S
Author and Notes 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632
633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650
Agree & close
Ref Year Beam # Name 1966 IX-4EC 1966 IX-5EC 1966 X-*-C 1966 XI-*-PCa 1966 XI-*-PCb 1966 s-I-*-OCa 1966 s-I-*-OCb 1966 s-II-*-OCa 1966 s-II-*-OCb
1966 I-4A1 1966 I-4B1 1966 I-5A1 1966 I-5B1 1966 II-4A2 1966 II-5A2 1966 II-11A1 1966 II-12A1 1966 IV-13A1 1966 IV-14A1 1966 IV-15A1 1966 IV-16A1 1966 IV-17A1
1966 IV-17B1 1966 IV-18A1 1966 IV-19A1 1966 IV-20A1 1966 IV-21A1 1966 V-**-1AU 1966 V-**-2AU 1966 V-**-3AU 1966 V-**-4AU 1966 V-**-5AU 1966 V-**-6AU
1966 V-**-1CU 1966 V-**-2CU 1966 V-**-3CU 1966 V-**-4CU 1966 V-**-5CU 1966 V-**-6CU 1966 V-**-3EU 1966 V-**-4EU 1966 V-**-5EU 1966 V-**-6EU 1966 V-
**-3GU 1966 V-**-4GU 1966 V-**-5GU 1966 V-**-6GU 1966 V-**-3JU 1966 V-**-4JU 1966 V-**-5JU
bw (mm) 152 152 203 152 152 152 152 254 254 203 203 203 203 203 203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
b (mm) 152 152 203 152 152 152 152 254 254 203 203 203 203 203 203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
h (mm) 305 305 533 305 305 305 305 508 508 457 457 457 457 457 457 381 305 381 305 381 305 305 305 381 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 254 252 483 250 250 254 254 456 456 390 390 390 390 390 390 314 238 319 243 316 240 243 243 316 240 238 238 256 254 256 254 252 250 256
254 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 256 254 252
a:M/V (mm) 1829 1828 1525 1828 1828 1524 1524 1830 1830 457 457 457 457 457 457 458 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 609 610 609 610
609 610 761 762 761 762 762 762 914 914 914 914 1067 1067 1067 1066 1219 1219 1219
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 1829 P 7.20 178 2.63 14.3 25 394 235.7 F 1.12 35.6 2.93 S S 1828 P 7.24 178 3.35 15.1 25 370 186.3 F 1.04 34.7 2.79 S S 1525 P 3.16 178
1.56 16.8 25 394 138.5 S 0.57 84.5 2.53 S 1.04 S 1.12 1828 P 7.30 178 4.30 36.3 25 400 146.5 S 0.82 53.4 2.80 S 1.11 S 1.31 1828 P 7.30 178 4.30 36.3 25 400 146.5
S 0.82 53.4 2.80 S 1.11 S 1.31 1524 P 6.00 178 2.63 35.7 25 394 190.1 S 0.87 48.5 2.52 S 1.10 S 1.21 1524 P 6.00 178 2.63 39.0 25 394 190.1 S 0.93 52.5 2.61 S 1.16 S
1.26 1830 P 4.02 178 2.22 38.3 25 370 135.8 S 0.71 146.8 2.47 S 1.09 S 1.15 1830 P 4.02 178 2.22 38.3 25 370 135.8 S 0.64 133.4 2.24 S 1.00 S 1.05 457 U2 1.17 178
2.06 29.2 25 401 66.6 S 0.87 231.1 6.49 C 1.11 C 1.05 457 U2 1.17 178 2.06 27.5 25 401 66.6 S 0.95 250.3 7.25 C 1.27 C 1.20 457 U2 1.17 178 3.06 29.4 25 400 44.8
S 0.88 314.1 8.79 C 1.40 C 1.41 457 U2 1.17 178 3.06 29.6 25 400 44.8 S 1.00 357.4 9.98 C 1.59 C 1.60 457 U2 1.17 178 2.06 28.1 25 400 66.6 S 0.92 244.4 7.01 C
1.22 C 1.15 457 U2 1.17 178 3.09 29.4 25 400 44.4 S 1.01 363.8 10.19 C 1.62 C 1.64 458 U2 1.46 178 3.41 27.0 25 400 37.0 S 0.85 175.6 8.51 C 1.48 C 1.26 457 U2
1.92 178 4.50 30.6 25 370 26.1 F 0.85 133.6 8.03 C S 457 U2 1.43 178 0.80 20.2 25 400 158.5 F 1.20 77.0 4.24 F F 457 U2 1.88 178 1.05 22.8 25 400 112.5 F 1.21
65.7 4.48 C S 457 U2 1.45 178 1.34 19.2 25 400 94.3 S 1.04 101.3 5.79 C 1.33 F 1.03 457 U2 1.91 178 1.77 21.0 25 400 66.6 S 0.97 77.7 5.59 C 1.45 S 2.17 457 U2
1.88 178 2.09 18.3 25 401 56.5 S 1.02 89.8 6.82 C 1.82 S 2.47 457 U2 1.88 178 2.09 21.0 25 401 56.5 S 1.02 94.1 6.69 C 1.70 S 2.47 457 U2 1.45 178 2.68 20.2 25
370 47.2 S 1.03 158.1 8.79 C 1.77 C 1.53 457 U2 1.91 178 3.53 21.2 25 370 33.4 S 1.00 118.1 8.44 C 1.96 S 2.60 457 U2 1.92 178 4.52 21.3 25 400 26.0 S 1.00 123.7
8.91 C 2.01 S 2.55 457 U2 1.92 178 4.93 21.2 25 400 23.8 S 1.02 166.5 9.01 C 2.01 S 2.57 609 U2 2.39 178 0.99 21.9 25 379 114.4 F 1.17 51.0 3.37 S S 610 U2 2.40
178 1.32 21.2 25 394 85.7 F 1.06 60.2 4.07 S S 609 U2 2.39 178 1.99 22.7 25 379 56.9 S 0.94 73.5 4.77 S 1.54 S 1.79 610 U2 2.40 178 2.63 17.9 25 394 43.0 S 0.82
71.8 5.29 S 1.55 S 1.74 609 U2 2.41 178 3.35 20.6 25 370 33.8 S 0.86 87.4 6.03 S 1.71 S 1.85 610 U2 2.43 178 4.30 20.6 25 400 26.3 S 0.96 101.8 7.07 S 1.91 S 2.02
761 U2 2.98 178 1.00 19.0 25 379 110.1 F 1.11 40.3 2.86 F S 762 U2 3.00 178 1.32 20.8 25 394 83.3 S 0.95 45.2 3.08 S 1.09 S 1.26 761 U2 2.98 178 1.99 20.5 25 379
55.3 S 0.93 59.6 4.07 S 1.29 S 1.49 762 U2 3.00 178 2.63 20.6 25 394 41.8 S 0.85 66.3 4.55 S 1.35 S 1.52 762 U2 3.02 178 3.35 20.4 25 370 32.8 S 0.81 69.0 4.78 S
1.35 S 1.45 762 U2 3.04 178 4.30 20.6 25 400 25.5 S 0.73 65.0 4.53 S 1.22 S 1.29 914 U2 3.58 178 1.99 17.6 25 379 54.3 F 1.01 53.2 3.92 S S 914 U2 3.60 178 2.63
20.2 25 394 41.1 S 0.94 62.8 4.34 S 1.29 S 1.44 914 U2 3.62 178 3.35 19.3 25 370 32.2 S 0.94 66.7 4.75 S 1.33 S 1.41 914 U2 3.65 178 4.30 20.1 25 400 25.1 S 0.79
59.1 4.16 S 1.12 S 1.19 1067 U2 4.18 178 1.99 22.6 25 379 53.7 F 1.05 52.1 3.39 S S 1067 U2 4.20 178 2.63 22.1 25 394 40.6 F 1.02 62.3 4.12 S S 1067 U2 4.23 178 3.35
21.3 25 370 31.9 S 0.89 58.0 3.94 S 1.11 S 1.19 1066 U2 4.26 178 4.30 21.2 25 379 24.8 F 0.95 66.3 4.54 S S 1219 U2 4.77 178 1.99 22.2 25 400 53.2 F 0.95 43.4
2.85 F S 1219 U2 4.80 178 2.63 22.2 25 394 40.2 S 0.94 51.0 3.37 S 1.00 S 1.12 1219 U2 4.83 178 3.35 21.5 25 370 31.6 F 1.01 59.4 4.01 S S
17
Author and Notes 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681
682 683 684 Baron, Mark J 685 686 687 Kani 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700
Ref Year Beam # Name 1966 V-**-6JU 1966 VII-6U 1966 IX-**-3AAU 1966 IX-**-4AAU 1966 IX-**-5AAU 1966 IX-**-6AAU 1966 IX-**-4AU 1966 IX-**-5AU 1966
IX-**-6AU 1966 IX-**-4CU 1966 IX-**-5CU 1966 IX-**-6CU 1966 IX-**-3AAU 1966 IX-**-4AAU 1966 IX-**-5AAU 1966 IX-**-6AAu 1966 IX-**-3AU 1966 IX-**-4AU
1966 IX-**-5AU 1966 IX-**-6AU 1966 IX-**-3CU 1966 IX-**-4CU 1966 IX-**-5CU 1966 IX-**-6CU 1966 IX-**-3EU 1966 IX-**-4EU 1966 IX-**-5EU 1966 IX-**-6EU
1966 IX-**-3GU 1966 IX-**-4GU 1966 IX-**-5GU 1966 X-*-U 1966 s-II-*-OU 25 1966 1 1966 2 1966 4 26 1964 23 1964 24 1964 25 1964 26 1964 27 1964 28 1964
29 1964 30 1964 31 1964 32 1964 33 1964 34 1964 35 1964 36
bw (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 203 254 203 203 203 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 155 153
b (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 203 254 203 203 203 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 155 153
h (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 533 508 152
152 152 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 250 252 256 254 252 250 254 252 250 254 252 251 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 250 256 254 252 483 456 127
127 127 271 271 271 271 271 271 271 271 271 271 271 271 269 273
a:M/V (mm) 1219 457 457 457 457 457 610 610 610 762 762 762 457 457 457 457 609 610 610 610 761 762 762 762 914 914 914 914 1067 1067 1067 763 915
584 584 584 407 407 543 543 678 678 1221 1221 1628 1628 1424 1424 953 953
a:STM (mm) 1219 457 457 457 457 457 610 610 610 762 762 762 457 457 457 457 609 610 610 610 761 762 762 762 914 914 914 914 1067 1067 1067 763 915
1524 1524 1524 407 407 543 543 678 678 1221 1221 1628 1628 1424 1424 953 953
Load Type U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 U2 P P P P P P P P P P P P P P
PPP
Agree & close
f c' ag fy Vu a/d Bear ρw A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode
Exp/Pred 4.87 178 4.30 21.0 25 400 24.6 F 0.84 51.5 3.54 S S 1.81 178 3.35 20.4 25 370 35.5 S 1.01 123.3 8.54 C 2.09 S 2.67 1.79 178 1.99 34.6 25 379 60.0 F 1.07
110.3 5.80 C S 1.80 178 2.63 35.7 25 394 45.3 S 0.99 132.4 6.89 C 1.45 S 2.58 1.81 178 3.35 29.0 25 370 35.5 F 1.02 145.2 8.44 C S 1.83 178 4.30 34.4 25 400 27.6 S
0.85 156.0 8.39 C 1.63 S 2.64 2.40 178 2.63 31.7 25 394 43.0 S 0.87 93.0 5.14 S 1.61 S 1.86 2.42 178 3.35 31.7 25 370 33.7 S 0.87 105.1 5.85 S 1.73 S 1.95 2.44 178
4.30 34.1 25 400 26.3 S 0.82 123.0 6.64 S 1.88 S 2.04 3.00 178 2.63 32.3 25 394 41.8 S 0.90 81.2 4.44 S 1.39 S 1.60 3.02 178 3.35 32.3 25 370 32.8 S 0.78 79.4
4.37 S 1.29 S 1.45 3.04 178 4.30 36.8 25 400 25.5 S 0.69 89.9 4.67 S 1.33 S 1.44 1.79 178 1.99 12.6 25 379 60.0 S 1.21 92.3 8.06 S S 1.80 178 2.63 12.3 25 394 45.3 S
1.02 80.6 7.16 S 2.03 S 2.23 1.81 178 3.35 13.9 25 370 35.5 F 1.09 97.2 8.15 S S 1.83 178 4.30 13.4 25 400 27.6 S 1.15 97.2 8.38 S S 2.39 178 1.99 13.7 25 379 56.9 S
1.16 76.6 6.40 S S 2.40 178 2.63 12.7 25 394 43.0 S 0.96 64.4 5.63 S 1.59 S 1.73 2.42 178 3.35 15.0 25 370 33.7 F 1.08 84.7 6.85 S S 2.44 178 4.30 12.4 25 400 26.3
S 0.98 62.9 5.63 S 1.46 S 1.61 2.98 178 1.99 12.2 25 379 55.3 S 0.94 49.2 4.36 S 1.30 S 1.47 3.00 178 2.63 17.1 25 394 41.8 S 0.82 58.9 4.43 S 1.29 S 1.43 3.02 178
3.35 14.7 25 370 32.8 S 1.04 67.2 5.48 S 1.50 S 1.57 3.04 178 4.30 13.7 25 400 25.5 S 1.01 59.8 5.11 S 1.33 S 1.46 3.58 178 1.99 15.2 25 379 54.3 S 1.00 49.7 3.95 S
1.21 S 1.37 3.60 178 2.63 14.3 25 394 41.1 S 0.79 43.3 3.56 S 1.02 S 1.10 3.62 178 3.35 15.1 25 370 32.2 S 0.96 55.2 4.45 S 1.22 S 1.27 3.65 178 4.30 12.8 25 400 25.1 S
1.12 53.4 4.71 S S 4.18 178 1.99 13.5 25 379 53.7 S 1.01 41.9 3.52 S 1.06 S 1.19 4.20 178 2.63 11.6 25 394 40.6 F 0.99 38.8 3.55 F S 4.23 178 3.35 11.2 25 370 31.9 S 1.15
42.7 4.00 F F 1.58 178 1.56 21.1 25 394 78.9 S 0.80 172.1 4.60 C 1.57 C 1.31 2.01 178 2.22 37.2 25 370 52.5 S 0.69 212.8 3.63 C 1.33 S 1.42 4.60 38 1.55 30.6 19 429
232.3 S 1.18 38.3 3.23 S S 4.60 38 1.55 X 30.6 19 429 232.3 S 1.07 34.7 2.93 S 1.30 S 1.42 4.60 38 1.55 X 27.0 19 429 232.3 S 0.95 30.2 2.72 S 1.18 S 1.31 1.50 152 1.87
26.9 19 396 40.1 F 0.96 163.8 9.20 C C 1.50 152 1.87 27.9 19 396 40.1 S 1.06 182.0 10.04 C 1.56 C 1.25 2.00 152 1.87 24.6 19 396 53.4 S 0.83 104.1 6.12 C 1.71 S 2.28
2.00 152 1.87 27.1 19 396 53.4 S 0.61 78.1 4.37 C 1.18 S 1.65 2.50 152 1.87 29.8 19 396 80.1 S 0.49 51.4 2.74 S 1.01 S 1.15 2.50 152 1.87 29.2 19 396 80.1 S 0.52 54.3
2.93 S 1.07 S 1.23 4.50 152 1.87 24.6 19 350 186.9 S 0.85 42.9 2.52 S 1.08 S 1.19 4.50 152 1.87 25.2 19 350 186.9 S 0.91 46.3 2.69 S 1.16 S 1.27 6.00 152 1.87 24.0 19
350 267.0 F 1.02 38.7 2.30 S S 6.00 152 1.87 24.3 19 350 267.0 F 1.04 39.6 2.34 S S 5.25 152 1.87 27.6 19 350 227.0 F 1.02 45.4 2.52 S S 5.25 152 1.87 27.6 19 350
227.0 F 0.98 43.4 2.41 S S 3.53 152 1.82 26.1 19 491 139.2 S 0.53 44.9 2.53 S 1.02 S 1.16 3.49 152 1.82 26.1 19 491 136.5 S 0.60 51.6 2.92 S 1.17 S 1.33
18
Author and Notes 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733
734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750
Ref Year Beam # Name 1967 40 1967 41 1967 43 1967 44 1967 45 1967 46 1967 47 1967 48 1967 52 1967 53 1967 54 1967 55 1967 56 1967 57 1967 58 1967
59 1967 60 1967 61 1967 63 1967 64 1967 65 1967 66 1967 67 1967 68 1967 69 1967 71 1967 72 1967 74 1967 75 1967 76 1967 79 1966 81 1966 82 1966 83 1966
84 1966 85 1966 87 1966 88 1966 91 1966 92 1966 93 1966 94 1966 95 1966 96 1966 97 1966 98 1966 99 1966 100 1966 102 1966 103
bw (mm) 152 152 151 152 151 151 151 151 152 151 151 150 153 153 152 154 155 156 154 156 150 156 157 157 155 155 152 152 152 152 153 153 155 156 151 154 154 153 154
152 155 153 153 153 152 153 152 153 153 155
b (mm) 152 152 151 152 151 151 151 151 152 151 151 150 153 153 152 154 155 156 154 156 150 156 157 157 155 155 152 152 152 152 153 153 155 156 151 154 154 153 154 152
155 153 153 153 152 153 152 153 153 155
h (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 610 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 140 141 137 137 133 136 132 133 140 132 136 135 137 139 138 140 139 542 543 541 552 541 528 539 542 544 549 523 524 518 556 274 271 271 271 274 269
266 269 270 273 273 275 275 276 275 272 270 269 274
a:M/V (mm) 747 340 813 813 272 272 678 678 544 136 136 406 476 747 476 373 407 1085 2170 4340 1359 3255 543 4883 543 1628 1087 1631 1631 1359
3805 1628 2170 814 1085 272 272 271 1628 1899 1763 543 678 1085 815 679 679 544 543 814
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 747 P 5.35 152 2.59 27.1 19 388 168.0 S 1.03 32.0 3.50 S 1.36 S 1.64 340 P 2.41 152 2.61 27.2 19 381 53.9 S 0.74 51.5 5.52 S 1.68 S 2.09
813 P 5.93 152 2.73 28.0 19 392 180.2 S 1.00 29.1 3.19 S 1.26 S 1.51 813 P 5.93 152 2.73 28.0 19 392 180.8 F 1.04 30.2 3.30 S S 272 P 2.05 152 2.83 25.5 19 392 37.0
S 0.80 64.6 7.67 C 1.53 S 2.55 272 P 2.00 152 2.76 25.5 19 392 36.2 S 0.83 69.1 8.02 C 1.61 S 2.64 678 P 5.13 152 2.84 24.8 19 392 145.4 S 0.89 28.2 3.42 S 1.25 S
1.56 678 P 5.09 152 2.82 24.8 19 392 145.0 S 0.84 27.1 3.26 S 1.19 S 1.49 544 P 3.89 152 2.67 24.8 19 392 108.4 S 0.67 28.9 3.28 S 1.12 S 1.44 136 P 1.03 152 2.84
26.7 19 392 18.1 S 0.99 155.3 18.13 C 1.12 C 1.01 136 P 1.00 152 2.76 26.7 19 392 18.1 S 0.96 157.8 17.90 C 1.10 C 1.03 406 P 3.02 152 2.80 25.1 19 392 72.0 S 0.60 32.6
3.87 S 1.21 S 1.56 476 P 3.46 152 2.67 27.2 19 403 92.3 S 0.56 28.0 3.07 S 1.03 S 1.32 747 P 5.39 152 2.61 26.4 19 375 168.0 S 1.03 31.2 3.44 S 1.33 S 1.61 476 P 3.44
152 2.66 20.3 19 417 91.6 S 0.63 28.9 3.66 S 1.18 S 1.52 373 P 2.67 152 2.63 26.6 19 392 63.4 S 0.78 50.2 5.43 S 1.69 S 2.14 407 P 2.93 152 2.64 26.8 19 392 73.2 S
0.67 39.3 4.26 S 1.36 S 1.74 1085 P 2.00 76 2.55 26.8 19 349 39.4 S 0.54 163.3 4.49 S 1.62 S 1.54 2170 P 4.00 64 2.77 26.2 19 352 108.2 S 0.58 93.2 2.62 S 1.10 S
1.15 4340 P 8.03 64 2.75 25.7 19 352 255.6 S 1.00 79.0 2.22 S 1.16 S 1.08 1359 P 2.46 152 2.82 27.0 19 374 51.8 S 0.41 112.4 3.15 S 1.18 S 1.18 3255 P 6.01 64 2.75
26.4 19 352 182.5 S 0.85 90.8 2.52 S 1.20 S 1.19 543 P 1.03 152 2.75 30.3 19 407 18.7 S 0.77 548.0 14.42 C 1.32 C 1.44 4883 P 9.06 51 2.70 27.2 19 407 298.9 F
0.97 75.7 2.07 S S 543 P 1.00 229 2.67 27.4 19 373 18.8 S 0.89 585.6 16.01 C 1.38 C 1.70 1628 P 2.99 229 2.41 27.4 19 373 82.7 S 0.50 102.1 2.79 S 1.13 S 1.17 1087
P 1.98 152 2.71 24.8 19 384 36.6 S 0.59 196.9 5.69 C 1.92 S 1.87 1631 P 3.12 152 2.84 27.2 19 366 74.5 S 0.52 107.7 3.12 S 1.21 S 1.28 1631 P 3.11 152 2.84 27.3 19 367
74.5 S 0.52 107.9 3.11 S 1.21 S 1.28 1359 P 2.63 64 2.87 30.8 19 372 56.6 S 0.45 114.8 3.16 S 1.19 S 1.23 3805 P 6.84 152 2.72 26.1 19 381 214.8 S 0.85 83.7 2.31 S 1.16
S 1.11 1628 P 5.93 152 2.76 27.5 19 343 178.8 S 0.95 51.2 2.79 S 1.18 S 1.32 2170 P 8.00 152 2.77 27.5 19 343 252.9 F 1.02 40.3 2.20 S S 814 P 3.00 152 2.74 27.4 19
343 72.9 S 0.61 65.0 3.53 S 1.21 S 1.44 1085 P 4.00 152 2.84 27.4 19 342 105.9 S 0.70 55.4 3.11 S 1.15 S 1.37 272 P 0.99 64 2.69 25.5 19 381 18.5 S 0.71 233.6 13.25 C
1.48 C 1.91 272 P 1.01 64 2.72 27.2 19 366 18.5 S 0.74 239.6 13.33 C 1.40 C 1.74 271 P 1.02 152 2.81 31.4 19 401 18.1 F 1.02 359.8 19.03 C C 1628 P 6.06 152 2.70 27.4
19 364 186.9 S 0.96 51.0 2.82 S 1.20 S 1.34 1899 P 7.03 152 2.73 27.4 19 369 221.1 F 0.99 45.9 2.56 S S 1763 P 6.46 152 2.66 30.3 19 372 205.7 S 1.03 53.8 2.79 S
1.24 S 1.34 543 P 1.99 64 2.77 25.3 19 352 35.8 S 0.70 110.6 6.32 S 1.94 S 2.07 678 P 2.47 64 2.75 25.3 19 338 53.3 S 0.58 72.8 4.13 S 1.34 S 1.54 1085 P 3.94 152
2.76 25.3 19 335 106.8 S 0.73 56.3 3.20 S 1.18 S 1.40 815 P 2.95 152 2.68 27.2 19 366 72.8 S 0.57 62.5 3.42 S 1.18 S 1.40 679 P 2.47 64 2.68 26.2 19 366 54.9 S 0.59
76.3 4.27 S 1.40 S 1.62 679 P 2.50 64 2.73 26.2 19 366 55.0 S 0.60 77.2 4.38 S 1.43 S 1.66 544 P 2.02 64 2.75 27.2 19 366 36.9 S 0.69 111.9 6.25 S 1.94 S 2.10 543
P 2.02 152 0.76 25.3 19 423 133.7 S 0.80 48.8 2.83 C 0.94 S 1.28 814 P 2.97 152 0.74 29.4 19 423 267.3 S 0.93 38.8 2.03 S 1.07 S 0.99
19
Author and Notes 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782
783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800
Agree & close
Ref Year Beam # Name 1966 104 1966 105 1966 106 1966 107 1966 108 1966 109 1966 110 1966 111 1966 112 1966 113 1966 114 1966 115 1966 116 1966 117 1966
121 1966 122 1966 123 1966 124 1966 126 1966 127 1966 128 1966 129 1966 130 1966 131 1966 132 1966 133 1966 134 1966 135 1966 141 1966 142 1966 143 1966 144
1966 145 1966 146 1966 147 1966 148 1966 149 1966 150 1966 151 1966 152 1966 153 1966 162 1966 163 1966 164 1966 165 1966 166 1966 167 1966 168 1966 169
1966 170
bw (mm) 154 152 154 154 154 153 159 154 153 152 153 152 152 152 152 150 155 154 155 154 154 155 153 151 154 154 154 149 151 156 154 154 153 154 152 152 153 153
154 149 152 153 156 156 151 152 154 154 152 154
b (mm) 154 152 154 154 154 153 159 154 153 152 153 152 152 152 152 150 155 154 155 154 154 155 153 151 154 154 154 149 151 156 154 154 153 154 152 152 153 153 154
149 152 153 156 156 151 152 154 154 152 154
h (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 269 272 268 267 269 271 269 272 273 274 270 272 271 275 272 276 271 271 272 271 271 275 276 274 271 273 273 274 270 276 274 270 273 272 287
274 272 273 273 270 273 272 273 271 278 271 274 280 274 285
a:M/V (mm) 1072 679 678 1356 271 407 1356 678 678 408 544 679 815 1087 815 1087 1085 1356 814 271 1628 407 1467 679 679 1359 544 544 544 544 1085
1356 425 271 678 408 678 678 679 815 815 543 678 1085 1356 815 272 1221 272 1221
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 1072 P 3.98 152 0.76 25.3 19 423 393.4 S 1.09 33.6 1.95 S 1.10 F 0.97 679 P 2.50 152 0.77 26.2 19 383 194.2 S 0.91 41.5 2.36 S 1.12 S 1.12
678 P 2.53 152 0.76 28.8 19 422 201.2 S 0.91 44.6 2.44 S 1.19 S 1.16 1356 P 5.08 152 0.76 26.6 19 422 536.6 S 1.06 25.7 1.45 F 0.91 F 0.74 271 P 1.01 152 0.76 25.0
19 422 66.5 F 1.21 147.1 8.55 F F 407 P 1.50 152 0.76 25.0 19 457 99.4 S 0.82 71.9 4.17 C 0.82 F 0.54 1356 P 5.05 152 0.73 27.4 19 407 557.3 F 1.19 27.9 1.50 F F
678 P 2.49 152 0.76 27.0 19 368 197.4 S 0.99 43.3 2.40 S 1.15 S 1.14 678 P 2.48 152 0.76 27.0 19 368 195.6 S 0.89 39.4 2.18 S 1.05 S 1.04 408 P 1.49 152 0.77 25.5
19 486 96.3 S 0.91 87.2 4.98 C 0.98 F 0.66 544 P 2.02 152 0.80 25.5 19 486 127.0 S 0.85 61.4 3.54 C 1.17 S 1.59 679 P 2.50 152 0.77 26.2 19 383 195.1 S 1.00 45.3
2.58 S 1.23 S 1.22 815 P 3.01 152 0.78 26.4 19 384 258.7 S 1.03 39.3 2.23 S 1.14 S 1.08 1087 P 3.96 152 0.77 26.4 19 384 386.2 F 1.12 32.6 1.83 F F 815 P 2.99 152
1.85 20.3 19 330 107.8 S 0.70 49.0 3.15 S 1.16 S 1.35 1087 P 3.94 152 1.84 19.9 19 343 159.8 S 0.72 38.8 2.54 S 1.02 S 1.16 1085 P 4.00 152 1.79 15.4 19 346 167.6 S
0.76 37.8 2.75 S 1.07 S 1.24 1356 P 5.00 152 1.80 15.4 19 345 222.0 S 0.81 32.0 2.35 S 0.98 S 1.10 814 P 2.99 152 1.78 16.3 19 346 111.5 S 0.63 42.7 3.01 S 1.08 S 1.28
271 P 1.00 152 1.81 15.7 19 346 27.6 F 1.01 201.4 14.67 C C 1628 P 6.00 152 1.80 15.7 19 346 277.5 F 1.05 34.9 2.53 S S 407 P 1.48 152 1.78 17.6 19 348 41.7 S 1.02
143.3 9.69 C 1.79 C 1.56 1467 P 5.32 152 1.79 18.0 19 346 242.1 S 1.02 40.1 2.69 S 1.18 S 1.28 679 P 2.48 152 1.85 18.1 19 401 79.8 S 0.53 49.6 3.38 S 1.16 S 1.35 679 P
2.51 152 1.81 18.6 19 417 83.2 S 0.52 49.8 3.34 S 1.16 S 1.35 1359 P 4.97 152 1.81 19.9 19 508 219.5 S 0.68 38.5 2.48 S 1.07 S 1.17 544 P 1.99 152 1.81 17.4 19 419 55.0 S
0.50 59.9 4.11 C 1.32 S 1.46 544 P 1.98 152 1.86 17.4 19 411 53.3 S 0.66 76.8 5.41 C 1.74 S 1.91 544 P 2.01 152 0.81 19.3 19 382 125.2 S 0.86 48.7 3.27 C 1.16 S 1.44
544 P 1.97 152 0.77 19.3 19 382 128.3 S 1.00 58.3 3.70 C 1.37 S 1.63 1085 P 3.96 152 0.74 17.7 19 428 397.4 S 1.00 30.2 2.06 S 1.10 S 1.02 1356 P 5.03 152 0.76 17.7
19 429 532.5 F 1.15 27.3 1.89 F F 425 P 1.55 152 0.73 16.2 19 424 106.1 F 1.11 82.5 5.90 C F 271 P 1.00 152 0.73 16.2 19 407 68.1 F 1.15 127.7 9.12 F F 678 P 2.36 152
0.70 16.8 19 417 194.4 S 0.87 42.3 2.84 S 1.28 S 1.31 408 P 1.49 152 0.79 19.9 19 382 94.5 S 1.04 79.9 5.18 C 1.08 F 0.79 678 P 2.50 152 0.78 18.0 19 380 192.4 S
0.99 43.7 2.99 S 1.33 S 1.39 678 P 2.48 152 0.77 18.0 19 380 192.7 S 1.03 46.2 3.13 S 1.40 S 1.45 679 P 2.49 152 0.78 19.3 19 382 192.2 S 0.78 35.6 2.33 S 1.05 S 1.08
815 P 3.02 152 0.79 19.7 19 384 255.6 S 0.88 32.5 2.19 S 1.05 S 1.05 815 P 2.99 152 0.76 19.7 19 384 261.1 S 0.88 32.8 2.15 S 1.04 S 1.03 543 P 1.99 152 0.77 34.3 19
377 129.5 S 1.02 59.0 2.90 F 0.91 S 1.34 678 P 2.49 152 0.76 35.4 19 378 196.9 S 0.87 40.5 1.93 C 0.96 S 0.93 1085 P 4.00 152 0.73 33.8 19 412 414.1 S 1.19 35.8
1.75 F F 1356 P 4.89 152 0.73 33.9 19 412 532.9 F 1.21 29.7 1.46 F F 815 P 3.01 152 0.78 35.4 19 377 256.7 S 1.05 40.3 1.98 S 1.06 F 0.97 272 P 0.99 152 0.76 36.4 19
381 65.6 F 1.10 128.4 6.07 F F 1221 P 4.35 152 0.72 34.6 19 412 468.6 F 1.18 32.6 1.55 F F 272 P 0.99 152 0.76 36.4 19 381 64.8 F 1.10 128.4 6.13 F F 1221 P 4.28 152
0.74 33.9 19 396 444.7 F 1.12 31.9 1.50 F F
20
Author and Notes 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832
833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850
Ref Year Beam # Name 1966 174 1966 177 1966 178 1966 179 1966 180 1966 181 1966 182 1966 183 1966 184 1966 186 1966 187 1966 188 1966 191 1966 192
1966 193 1966 194 1966 195 1966 196 1966 197 1966 199 1966 201 1966 202 1966 203 1966 204 1966 205 1966 206 1966 207 1966 208 1966 209 1966 210 1966
211 1966 212 1966 213 1966 214 1966 215 1966 216 1966 246 1966 248 1966 249 1966 250 1966 251 1966 265 1966 266 1966 267 1966 268 1966 269 1966 270
1966 271 1967 272 1967 273
bw (mm) 153 153 153 153 153 154 155 154 154 155 154 153 154 154 153 154 153 154 150 152 155 154 152 152 153 152 153 157 153 154 153 155 154 153 154 152 153 153
153 152 154 153 153 153 153 154 152 611 611 612
b (mm) 153 153 153 153 153 154 155 154 154 155 154 153 154 154 153 154 153 154 150 152 155 154 152 152 153 152 153 157 153 154 153 155 154 153 154 152 153 153 153
152 154 153 153 153 153 154 152 611 611 612
h (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 272 277 269 264 269 272 268 269 271 272 271 277 275 272 278 278 275 269 274 273 274 273 268 275 275 270 275 275 273 272 270 273 276 272 274
274 274 282 276 274 276 269 272 269 275 274 273 269 271 271
a:M/V (mm) 270 1359 407 678 949 543 1356 271 407 1085 1628 543 815 1467 678 814 1085 1359 679 544 272 1628 271 543 544 679 1899 1221 1899 679 815
815 1223 679 679 1767 952 678 270 406 544 407 673 949 816 270 542 1631 1359 1087
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 270 P 0.99 152 0.51 36.4 19 396 96.7 S 1.30 106.5 5.12 F F 1359 P 4.91 152 0.50 34.6 19 400 778.4 F 1.11 18.6 0.90 F F 407 P 1.51 152
0.52 34.5 19 400 146.6 S 1.24 67.2 3.33 F F 678 P 2.57 152 0.53 32.3 19 400 297.8 S 1.05 33.6 1.76 F 0.95 F 0.87 949 P 3.53 152 0.52 34.5 19 400 490.2 F 1.07
24.9 1.24 F F 543 P 2.00 152 1.79 33.9 19 390 55.8 S 0.51 65.2 3.22 C 0.82 S 1.27 1356 P 5.05 152 1.80 33.9 19 386 224.9 S 0.97 48.8 2.43 S 1.16 S 1.18 271 P 1.01
152 1.80 35.4 19 394 27.9 F 1.01 260.3 12.69 F F 407 P 1.50 152 1.80 35.1 19 394 41.8 S 0.94 163.3 7.97 C 1.17 F 0.88 1085 P 3.99 152 1.78 35.1 19 394 168.1 S 0.85
55.4 2.68 S 1.19 S 1.27 1628 P 6.00 152 1.79 32.6 19 386 279.0 F 0.94 39.7 2.01 S S 543 P 1.96 152 1.76 33.1 19 384 55.6 S 0.72 92.6 4.56 C 1.21 S 1.79 815 P 2.96 152
1.80 34.0 19 497 109.1 S 0.49 53.1 2.60 S 1.04 S 1.17 1467 P 5.39 152 1.83 35.8 19 347 239.4 F 1.08 47.7 2.29 S S 678 P 2.44 152 1.80 34.6 19 352 80.0 S 0.58 56.7
2.73 S 1.03 S 1.16 814 P 2.93 152 1.80 34.6 19 352 107.5 S 0.62 51.2 2.45 S 0.98
AgreeS 1.10 1085 P 3.94 152 1.82 34.6 19 352 161.5 S 0.77 47.3 2.29 S 1.01 S 1.08 1359 P
& close
5.05 152 1.85 36.2 19 380 218.5 S 1.00 51.2 2.47 S 1.18 S 1.20 679 P 2.48 152 1.84 36.0 19 376 80.9 S 0.59 60.1 2.93 S 1.11 S 1.26 544 P 1.99 152 1.83 36.0 19 410 54.4
S 0.56 76.8 3.70 C 0.93 S 1.46 272 P 0.99 152 2.65 35.2 19 381 18.7 S 0.71 253.7 12.14 C 0.88 C 0.94 1628 P 5.97 152 2.68 33.9 19 377 185.5 S 0.85 49.9 2.46 S 1.09
S 1.18 271 P 1.01 152 2.75 34.8 19 369 18.4 F 1.05 357.6 17.88 C C 543 P 1.97 152 2.69 34.8 19 369 36.6 S 0.84 147.1 7.21 C 1.72 S 2.52 544 P 1.98 152 2.66 35.2 19
381 37.1 S 0.70 125.5 6.04 C 1.45 S 2.12 679 P 2.51 152 2.73 35.2 19 381 55.6 S 0.71 100.3 4.95 S 1.68 S 1.96 1899 P 6.92 152 2.66 34.6 19 370 222.0 F 0.96 48.2
2.34 S S 1221 P 4.44 152 2.68 35.7 19 379 128.3 S 0.73 60.1 2.81 S 1.14 S 1.29 1899 P 6.96 152 2.76 35.7 19 379 216.0 F 1.04 53.9 2.60 S S 679 P 2.50 152 2.67 35.2
19 381 56.1 S 0.56 79.0 3.82 S 1.30 S 1.51 815 P 3.02 152 2.73 35.2 19 381 74.0 S 0.49 57.2 2.81 S 1.00 S 1.18 815 P 2.98 152 2.66 35.2 19 381 74.5 S 0.51 60.5 2.90 S
1.04 S 1.22 1223 P 4.44 152 2.66 36.7 19 381 129.4 S 0.71 57.4 2.69 S 1.09 S 1.24 679 P 2.50 152 2.71 36.0 19 412 55.4 S 0.54 82.0 3.95 S 1.34 S 1.56 679 P 2.48 152
2.67 36.0 19 412 55.5 S 0.57 88.1 4.19 S 1.43 S 1.66 1767 P 6.45 152 2.70 36.4 19 370 201.5 F 1.02 55.6 2.66 S S 952 P 3.47 152 0.51 27.6 19 400 487.7 S 1.08 25.4
1.38 F 0.89 F 0.70 678 P 2.41 152 0.49 27.6 19 400 285.1 S 1.10 37.2 1.97 S 1.10 F 0.97 270 P 0.98 152 0.49 28.0 19 376 99.9 S 1.36 104.1 5.60 F F 406 P 1.49 152
0.50 28.0 19 376 149.5 S 1.25 62.8 3.43 F F 544 P 1.97 152 0.48 26.2 19 391 203.9 S 1.08 41.9 2.32 F 0.89 S 1.11 407 P 1.51 152 0.52 18.1 19 400 146.6 S 1.01 53.0
3.62 F 0.85 F 0.55 673 P 2.48 152 0.50 18.1 19 396 297.0 S 1.05 32.5 2.21 S 1.15 S 1.07 949 P 3.53 152 0.52 20.7 19 400 489.3 S 1.08 24.5 1.57 F 0.95 F 0.79 816 P
2.96 152 0.49 20.1 19 396 399.7 S 1.04 27.2 1.73 F 0.99 F 0.86 270 P 0.99 152 0.49 18.1 19 396 100.1 S 1.14 89.0 6.00 F F 542 P 1.99 152 0.50 20.1 19 396 199.5 S
1.07 41.4 2.68 C 1.07 S 1.25 1631 P 6.07 152 2.75 27.0 19 377 184.6 S 1.00 217.2 3.07 S 1.30 S 1.45 1359 P 5.02 152 2.73 27.0 19 377 147.4 S 0.87 227.8 3.19 S 1.28 S
1.47 1087 P 4.01 152 2.72 27.2 19 377 110.7 S 0.62 206.2 2.87 S 1.07 S 1.27
21
Author and Notes 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881
882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900
Ref Year Beam # Name 1967 274 1967 3041 1967 3042 1967 3043 1967 3044 1967 3045 1967 3046 1967 3047 Kani's "Lost test" 1969 3061 1966 162' 1966
163' 1966 166' Rajagopalan 27 1968 S-1 & Ferguson 1968 S-2 1968 S-3 1968 S-4 1968 S-5 1968 S-6 1968 S-7 1968 S-9 1968 S-12 1968 S-13 (discussion) 1968
S-14 (discussion) 1968 S-15 Bhal 28 1968 B1 1968 B2 (self weight 1968 B3 added) 1968 B4 1968 B5 1968 B6 1968 B7 1968 B8 Taylor 29 1968 1A 1968 2A
1968 1B 1968 2B 1968 3B 1968 5A 1968 5B Mattock 30 1969 1 1969 3 1969 10 1969 15 1969 18 1969 22 1969 24 Swamy, R.N., Andr 31 1970 1 1970 3 1970 6 1970
8
bw (mm) 612 152 154 154 152 155 155 155 154 154 152 154 154 154 152 152 152 151 152 152 153 152 151 761 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 203 203 203 203
203 203 203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 102 152 102 102
b (mm) 612 152 154 154 152 155 155 155 154 154 152 154 154 154 152 152 152 151 152 152 153 152 151 761 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 203 203 203 203 203
203 203 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 102 152 102 102
h (mm) 305 1219 1219 1219 1219 1219 1219 1219 1202 305 305 305 311 311 311 311 311 311 311 311 311 311 349 311 350 650 950 1250 650 650 950 950 406 406 406
406 406 406 406 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 152 229 152 152
d (mm) 270 1097 1095 1092 1097 1092 1097 1095 1091 267 272 274 259 265 267 268 262 267 268 262 268 265 269 269 297 600 900 1200 600 600 900 900
370 370 370 370 370 370 370 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 127 197 127 127
a:M/V (mm) 815 2195 2737 3277 4364 5461 7673 8758 3378 543 678 815 1016 1016 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 1119 1119 900 1800 2700 3600 1800
1800 2700 2700 1118 1118 1118 1118 1118 914 914 762 762 762 1372 1372 1372 1372 191 492 445 572
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 815 P 3.02 152 2.73 27.2 19 377 74.0 S 0.57 250.2 3.49 S 1.20 S 1.43 2195 P 2.00 432 2.72 26.9 19 377 36.7 S 0.49 326.2 4.53 C 1.36 S
1.51 2737 P 2.50 432 2.70 26.4 19 375 55.5 S 0.45 237.0 3.29 S 1.55 S 1.25 3277 P 3.00 229 2.71 27.0 19 376 73.7 S 0.37 165.1 2.28 S 1.12 S 0.93 4364 P 3.98 229
2.72 29.5 19 376 109.3 S 0.46 159.1 2.11 S 1.12 S 0.94 5461 P 5.00 229 2.70 28.3 19 381 148.2 S 0.56 152.4 2.04 S 1.14 S 0.94 7673 P 6.99 229 2.70 26.7 19 360
221.8 S 0.83 154.2 2.11 S 1.30 S 1.02 8758 P 8.00 229 2.69 26.7 19 376 260.7 S 0.88 147.1 2.02 S 1.30 S 0.98 3378 P 3.10 152 0.80 27.4 19 345 260.7 S 0.69 97.5
1.33 S 0.92 F 0.65 543 P 2.03 152 0.76 34.3 19 379 135.0 S 1.12 62.1 3.10 F S 678 P 2.50 152 0.78 35.4 19 378 191.8 S 0.82 38.0 1.87 C 0.91 S 0.90 815 P 2.97 152
0.76 35.4 19 379 259.8 S 0.98 38.3 1.84 S 0.99 F 0.90 1016 P 3.93 50 1.43 36.6 13 655 205.4 S 0.44 35.6 1.78 S 0.87 S 0.86 1016 P 3.83 50 0.98 33.1 13 655 288.9
S 0.62 37.4 1.92 S 1.05 S 0.95 1118 P 4.19 50 0.81 29.0 13 524 394.1 S 0.83 31.1 1.71 S 1.01 S 0.86 1118 P 4.17 50 0.63 33.1 13 524 501.6 S 0.92 28.0 1.43 S 0.96 F 0.73
1118 P 4.27 50 0.53 27.9 13 1779 618.2 S 0.48 33.6 1.92 S 1.34 S 0.98 1118 P 4.18 50 0.35 31.0 13 1779 912.0 S 0.52 27.4 1.47 S 1.23 S 0.75 1118 P 4.17 50 0.25 28.6 13
1779 1254.0 S 0.75 30.0 1.65 S 1.57 S 0.86 1118 P 4.27 50 0.53 25.1 13 1779 616.3 S 0.36 24.5 1.48 S 1.01 S 0.75 1118 P 4.16 50 0.25 29.7 13 1779 1259.9 S 0.61 24.6
1.32 S 1.27 S 0.69 1118 P 4.22 50 1.73 23.7 13 655 186.2 S 0.51 40.0 2.46 S 1.08 S 1.15 1119 P 4.16 50 0.63 29.8 13 524 500.5 S 0.83 25.0 1.36 S 0.89 F 0.69 1119 P
4.16 50 0.63 33.0 13 524 500.5 S 0.98 150.8 1.54 S 1.03 F 0.78 900 P 3.03 59 1.26 23.2 30 434 161.7 S 0.64 70.7 2.48 S 1.04 S 1.15 1800 P 3.00 120 1.26 29.6 30
434 159.3 S 0.51 119.5 1.84 S 0.90 S 0.86 2700 P 3.00 180 1.26 27.5 30 434 159.3 S 0.48 166.8 1.77 S 0.95 S 0.83 3600 P 3.00 240 1.26 25.2 30 434 159.3 S 0.41
185.2 1.54 S 0.89 S 0.71 1800 P 3.00 120 0.63 26.6 30 434 318.6 S 0.86 106.2 1.72 S 1.05 F 0.85 1800 P 3.00 120 0.63 24.7 30 430 318.6 S 0.94 114.1 1.92 S 1.15 S
0.94 2700 P 3.00 180 0.63 27.2 30 434 318.6 S 0.76 139.8 1.49 S 1.00 F 0.74 2700 P 3.00 180 0.63 27.7 30 430 318.6 S 0.70 127.5 1.35 S 0.91 F 0.67 1118 P 3.02
10 1.03 28.9 10 350 195.8 S 0.74 61.8 1.84 S 0.96 S 0.88 1118 P 3.02 10 1.55 33.2 10 350 130.5 S 0.75 91.6 2.55 S 1.19 S 1.17 1118 P 3.02 10 1.03 28.9 10 350 195.8 S
0.91 75.6 2.26 S 1.17 S 1.08 1118 P 3.02 10 1.55 33.2 10 350 130.5 S 0.82 100.5 2.79 S 1.30 S 1.28 1118 P 3.02 10 1.03 31.6 10 350 195.8 S 0.91 76.1 2.17 S 1.14 S 1.04 914
P 2.47 10 1.03 29.9 10 350 142.6 S 0.79 80.5 2.36 S 1.15 S 1.09 914 P 2.47 10 1.03 29.9 10 350 142.6 S 0.79 80.5 2.36 S 1.15 S 1.09 762 P 3.00 10 1.03 17.1 19 400
194.2 S 0.80 36.5 2.75 S 1.17 S 1.27 762 P 3.00 10 1.03 46.9 19 400 194.2 S 1.09 54.7 2.49 S 1.26 S 1.21 762 P 3.00 10 3.10 18.6 19 400 64.5 S 0.58 56.0 4.06 S 1.28
S 1.53 1372 P 5.40 10 1.03 25.9 19 400 427.2 S 1.17 31.1 1.91 F F 1372 P 5.40 10 2.07 18.1 19 400 212.6 S 0.82 35.6 2.61 S 1.09 S 1.23 1372 P 5.40 10 3.10 16.1 19 400
141.9 S 0.84 40.0 3.11 S 1.12 S 1.37 1372 P 5.40 10 3.10 29.2 19 400 141.9 S 0.79 52.5 3.03 S 1.20 S 1.40 191 P 1.50 64 1.64 26.5 19 483 45.7 S 1.26 70.5 12.78 C C 492
P 2.50 64 1.70 26.8 19 483 88.2 S 0.68 54.7 4.25 S 1.51 S 1.80 445 P 3.50 64 1.64 26.5 19 483 152.4 S 0.86 20.7 3.75 S 1.45 S 1.73 572 P 4.50 64 1.64 26.5 19 483
213.4 S 1.03 19.3 3.51 S 1.48 S 1.68
22
Author Ref and Notes # 901 Placas and 32 902 Regan 903 (ACI Sept 71) 904 905 906 907 908 Manuel, Slight 33 909 and Suter 910 (ACI Dec 71) 911 912
913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 Batson, Jenkins 34 921 and Spatney 922 (ACI Oct 72) 923 Haddadin, Hong 35 924 Mattock 925 Smith, R.B.L., "She 36
926 927 928 Taylor 37 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 Aster & 38 944 Koch 945 946 (self weight 947 added) 948 949
950 951
Agree & close
Year Beam Name 1971 R1 1971 R2 1971 R3 1971 R7 1971 D2 1971 T2 1971 T18 1971 1 1971 2 1971 3 1971 4 1971 5 1971 6 1971 7 1971 8 1971 9 1971 10 1971 11 1971 12
1972 A1 1972 A2 1972 A3 1971 A1 1971 C1 1970 8/0 1970 10/0 1970 12/0 1972 A1 1972 A2 1972 B1 1972 B2 1972 B3 1972 C1 1972 C2 1972 C3 1972 C4 1972 C5 1972
C6 1972 D1 1972 D2 1972 D3 1972 D4 1974 11 1974 16 1974 2 1974 12 1974 3 1974 8 1974 9 1974 10 1974 17
bw (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 178 178 150 150 150 400 400 200 200 200 100 100 100 100
100 100 60 60 60 60 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
b (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 610 610 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 610 610 150 150 150 400 400 200 200 200 100 100 100 100
100 100 60 60 60 60 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
h (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 152 152 152 470 470 230 230 230 1000 1000 500 500 500 250
250 250 250 250 250 150 150 150 150 539 794 281 540 289 544 544 544 794
d (mm) 272 272 272 272 272 272 254 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 127 127 127 381 381 200 200 200 930 930 465 465 465 233
233 233 233 233 233 139 139 139 139 500 750 250 500 250 500 500 500 750
a:M/V (mm) 914 914 914 914 914 914 914 122 122 122 122 264 264 264 264 406 406 406 406 610 610 610 953 1619 610 763 915 2800 2800 1400 1400 1400
700 700 700 700 700 700 420 420 420 420 1825 2750 920 1825 920 2750 2750 2750 2750
914 P 3.36 10 1.46 24.8 19 621 162.0 S 0.51 44.9 2.62 S 1.11 S 1.22 914 P 3.36 10 1.46 28.1 19 621 162.0 S 0.60 54.3 2.98 S 1.28 S 1.39 914 P 3.36 10 1.46 30.3 19 621
162.0 S 0.57 52.5 2.77 S 1.21 S 1.30 914 P 3.36 10 1.46 28.1 19 621 162.0 S 0.51 54.7 3.00 S 1.29 S 1.40 914 P 3.60 10 4.16 28.4 19 621 62.5 S 0.31 74.7 4.36 S 1.41 S
1.73 122 P 0.30 152 0.97 33.8 19 410 15.5 S 0.87 444.8 22.31 C 0.92 C 1.51 122 P 0.30 152 0.97 35.2 19 410 15.5 S 0.87 444.8 21.87 C 0.90 C 1.45 122 P 0.30 152
0.97 30.1 19 392 15.5 S 0.76 367.0 19.49 C 0.84 C 1.40 122 P 0.30 152 0.97 31.9 19 410 15.5 S 0.79 400.3 20.66 C 0.87 C 1.44 264 P 0.65 152 0.97 34.3 19 410 33.5
F 1.21 284.7 14.18 F F 264 P 0.65 152 0.97 37.4 19 410 33.5 F 1.14 269.1 12.82 F F 264 P 0.65 152 0.97 32.0 19 410 33.5 F 1.28 300.2 15.48 F F 264 P 0.65 152 0.97
38.9 19 410 33.5 F 1.18 280.2 13.10 F F 406 P 1.00 152 0.97 37.7 19 410 51.6 F 1.23 189.0 8.98 F F 406 P 1.00 152 0.97 44.8 19 410 51.6 F 1.06 164.6 7.17 F F 406 P
1.00 152 0.97 37.2 19 392 51.6 F 1.16 171.2 8.19 F F 406 P 1.00 152 0.97 33.7 19 410 51.6 F 1.12 171.2 8.60 F F 610 P 4.80 10 3.10 34.7 19 276 122.6 S 0.98 19.2 3.04 S
1.11 S 1.39 610 P 4.80 10 3.10 34.7 19 276 122.6 S 0.96 18.8 2.98 S 1.09 S 1.36 610 P 4.80 10 3.10 34.7 19 276 122.6 S 1.05 20.7 3.28 S 1.20 S 1.50 953 P 2.50 0 3.81
29.5 19 517 39.4 S 0.25 116.8 3.82 S 1.24 S 1.33 1619 P 4.25 0 3.81 25.9 19 517 85.3 S 0.32 87.4 3.05 S 1.11 S 1.28 610 U2 3.05 100 2.01 28.0 19 500 54.6 S 0.76 49.4
3.75 S 1.22 S 1.43 763 U2 3.81 100 2.01 34.5 19 500 53.5 S 0.77 43.9 3.00 S 1.00 S 1.17 915 U2 4.58 100 2.01 36.2 19 500 52.8 S 0.94 46.3 3.09 S 1.04 S 1.21 2800 P
3.01 186 1.35 28.7 38 420 148.9 S 0.58 358.4 2.16 S 1.15 S 1.00 2800 P 3.01 186 1.35 25.1 19 420 148.9 S 0.54 328.4 2.12 S 1.16 S 0.97 1400 P 3.01 93 1.35 24.2 38
420 148.9 S 0.69 104.3 2.75 S 1.21 S 1.26 1400 P 3.01 93 1.35 22.0 19 420 148.9 S 0.59 87.3 2.41 S 1.08 S 1.10 1400 P 3.01 93 1.35 28.4 9 420 148.9 S 0.55 85.3 2.07
S 1.04 S 0.96 700 P 3.00 47 1.35 22.7 19 420 148.5 S 0.60 22.5 2.44 S 0.98 S 1.11 700 P 3.00 47 1.35 22.7 9 420 148.5 S 0.64 24.0 2.60 S 1.10 S 1.19 700 P 3.00
47 1.35 24.4 9 420 148.5 S 0.72 27.5 2.87 S 1.23 S 1.32 700 P 3.00 47 1.35 18.5 9 420 148.5 S 0.62 22.5 2.71 S 1.11 S 1.22 700 P 3.00 47 1.35 19.9 9 420 148.5 S 0.74
27.0 3.13 S 1.29 S 1.41 700 P 3.00 47 1.35 25.6 2 420 148.5 S 0.72 27.5 2.81 S 1.28 S 1.29 420 P 3.02 28 1.35 28.4 2 420 149.7 S 0.84 11.6 3.14 S 1.34 S 1.45 420 P
3.02 28 1.35 28.4 2 420 149.7 S 0.88 12.1 3.28 S 1.40 S 1.52 420 P 3.02 28 1.35 28.4 2 420 149.7 S 0.77 10.6 2.87 S 1.23 S 1.33 420 P 3.02 28 1.35 28.4 2 420 149.7
S 0.83 11.4 3.09 S 1.32 S 1.43 1825 P 3.65 100 0.46 X 24.6 30 535 581.1 S 0.85 267.4 1.30 S 0.92 F 0.66 2750 P 3.67 150 0.42 X 30.4 30 536 636.9 S 0.93 406.7
1.19 S 0.98 F 0.60 920 P 3.68 50 0.64 X 26.9 30 554 418.8 S 0.99 218.0 2.02 S 1.17 S 1.01 1825 P 3.65 100 0.65 X 27.3 30 535 406.4 S 0.75 330.2 1.52 S 0.96 S
0.76 920 P 3.68 50 0.91 X 27.3 30 535 293.9 S 0.76 222.5 2.05 S 1.04 S 1.01 2750 P 5.50 100 0.63 31.1 30 535 716.6 S 1.00 287.1 1.24 F 0.96 F 0.64 2750 P 5.50
100 0.63 19.9 30 535 716.6 S 0.95 260.6 1.41 S 0.99 F 0.72 2750 P 5.50 100 0.63 20.0 30 535 716.6 S 0.95 261.6 1.41 S 1.00 F 0.72 2750 P 3.67 150 0.42 28.7 30
535 636.9 S 0.83 363.5 1.09 S 0.89 F 0.56
23
Author Ref Year Beam and Notes # Name 952 Manuel, R.F., "Failu 39 1974 1 953 1974 2 954 1974 3 955 1974 4 956 1974 5 957 1974 5R 958 1974 6 959
1974 7 960 1974 8 961 1974 9 962 1974 10 963 1974 11 964 Cederwall K., Hedm 40 1974 734-34 965 1974 734-40 966 Hamadi and Regan 41 1980 G1 967
1980 G2 968 1980 G4 969 Marti; Pralong; Thü 42 1977 PS11 970 Reineck; Koch; Sch 43 1978 N8 971 1978 N6 972 1978 N7 973 1978 s1_1 974 Kani 26 1979
804 975 Continuous 1979 802 976 1979 801 977 1979 803 978 1979 805 979 1979 806 980 1979 807 981 1979 808 982 Kani T-Beams 26 1979 4849 983
1979 4850 984 1979 4851 985 1979 4852 986 1979 4853 987 1979 4854 988 1979 4855 989 1979 4856 990 1979 4857 991 1979 4858 992 1979 4829 993
1979 4830 994 1979 4831 995 1979 4832 996 1979 4833 997 1979 4834 998 1979 4835 999 1979 4836 1000 1979 4837
bw (mm) 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 135 135 100 100 100 400 500 500 500 150 153 152 152 153 152 152 152 152 154 155 155 157 155 156 155
156 153 154 153 155 155 156 155 155 155 153 154
b (mm) 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 102 135 135 100 100 100 400 500 500 500 150 153 152 152 153 152 152 152 152 457 457 457 457 457 457
457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457
h (mm) 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 260 260 400 400 400 180 250 250 250 200 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 406 234 234 370 372 372 162 226 226 225 165 275 276 272 275 272 272 275 275 273 273 273 270
273 272 271 273 275 276 272 272 271 272 271 271 272 272 272
a:M/V (mm) 102 163 203 102 203 203 244 203 244 305 366 432 800 600 1255 1255 2195 640 791 565 563 660 1903 1631 1087 816 682 544 407 272 272 1087
3261 815 1359 2174 3533 544 953 953 544 815 1087 1359 1631 1902 272 1631 1768
a:STM Load a/d (mm) Type ratio 102 P 0.25 163 P 0.40 203 P 0.50 102 P 0.25 203 P 0.50 203 P 0.50 244 P 0.60 203 P 0.50 244 P 0.60 305 P 0.75 366 P
0.90 432 P 1.06 800 P 3.42 600 P 2.56 1255 P 3.39 1255 P 3.37 2195 P 5.90 640 P 3.95 791 P 3.50 565 P 2.50 563 P 2.50 660 P 4.00 3805 P 6.91 3263 P 5.92
2174 P 4.00 1632 P 2.97 1364 P 2.51 1087 P 2.00 813 P 1.48 544 P 0.99 272 P 0.99 1087 P 3.99 3261 P 11.93 815 P 3.02 1359 P 4.98 2174 P 8.01 3533 P 13.04
544 P 1.99 953 P 3.47 953 P 3.45 544 P 2.00 815 P 2.99 1087 P 4.02 1359 P 5.00 1631 P 6.03 1902 P 7.03 272 P 1.00 1631 P 6.01 1768 P 6.51
Bear (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
f c' ag fy Vu ρ A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa)
AgreeρVd Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 0.63 31.7 19 308
& close
20.0 S 1.27 389.2 20.15 F C 0.63 34.8 19 322 32.0 F 1.64 329.2 16.27 F F 0.63 34.6 19 322 40.0 F 1.55 249.1 12.35 F F 0.97 31.7 19 404 12.9 S 0.76 453.7 23.49 C
0.99 C 1.65 0.97 31.7 19 401 25.8 S 1.35 402.5 20.84 F C 0.97 32.8 19 440 25.8 F 1.12 364.7 18.57 F C 0.97 36.2 19 401 31.0 F 1.21 302.5 14.66 F F 1.38 36.9 19 432
18.2 S 1.10 487.1 23.38 C 1.12 C 1.59 1.38 35.7 19 426 21.8 F 1.10 402.5 19.64 F C 1.38 35.4 19 426 27.3 F 1.07 311.4 15.25 F C 1.88 38.1 19 374 24.0 S 1.02 293.6 13.88
C 1.06 C 1.17 1.88 32.3 19 374 28.3 S 1.15 273.6 14.04 C C 1.07 31.5 19 483 225.2 S 0.96 41.4 2.81 S 1.35 S 1.36 1.08 27.0 19 483 144.5 S 0.72 40.9 3.00 S 1.27 S 1.38
1.70 30.3 20 400 140.7 S 0.69 44.5 2.63 S 1.14 S 1.21 1.08 23.5 20 460 219.7 S 0.85 41.0 2.74 S 1.32 S 1.31 1.08 22.0 20 800 453.5 S 0.72 30.3 2.09 S 1.22 S 1.05 1.38
29.6 16 542 213.3 S 0.93 97.1 3.32 S 1.48 S 1.60 0.79 25.8 16 501 318.4 S 0.88 101.5 2.13 S 1.13 S 1.05 0.79 25.8 16 501 191.1 S 0.73 117.5 2.47 S 1.15 S 1.17 1.39 24.6 16
441 107.6 S 0.59 139.5 3.01 S 1.15 S 1.31 1.87 85.1 16 523 160.8 S 0.82 46.3 2.71 S 1.39 S 1.33 2.69 37.3 19 421 219.7 S 0.86 48.5 2.27 S 1.07 S 1.10 2.68 34.5 19 414
183.6 S 0.80 50.7 2.48 S 1.10 S 1.19 2.69 34.8 19 439 111.5 S 0.55 54.3 2.67 S 1.04 S 1.21 2.70 35.2 19 429 73.0 S 0.41 54.7 2.65 S 0.94 S 1.11 2.76 35.7 19 424 54.7 S
0.41 64.5 3.14 S 1.06 S 1.24 2.77 35.7 19 428 36.1 S 0.35 69.8 3.40 S 1.08 S 1.19 2.75 36.2 19 419 17.5 S 0.33 88.5 4.23 S 1.34 S 1.21 2.75 36.2 19 421 0.0 S 0.31 123.7
5.91 C 1.15 C 0.85 5.46 17.9 19 379 9.1 S 0.51 273.1 18.50 C 1.38 C 1.86 5.49 17.9 19 381 54.4 S 0.41 70.5 4.74 S 1.41 S 1.69 5.48 17.9 19 381 199.3 S 0.91 51.6 3.47 S
1.38 S 1.62 5.42 17.9 19 391 37.2 S 0.43 97.4 6.52 S 1.84 S 2.03 5.43 17.9 19 385 73.3 S 0.46 62.3 4.19 S 1.31 S 1.63 5.43 17.9 19 378 129.0 S 0.67 55.6 3.74 S 1.32 S
1.64 5.48 19.0 19 388 219.8 F 0.94 49.8 3.27 S S 5.43 19.0 19 379 18.3 S 0.54 186.4 12.10 C 2.90 C 2.31 5.43 17.6 19 348 45.4 S 0.42 77.0 5.24 S 1.52 S 1.75 5.38 17.6
19 356 45.5 S 0.40 74.1 5.01 S 1.45 S 1.68 2.72 19.0 19 401 36.7 S 0.64 128.5 8.50 C 2.19 C 1.60 2.69 19.0 19 401 74.1 S 0.48 64.1 4.19 S 1.38 S 1.65 2.70 19.0 19 407
111.6 S 0.58 59.2 3.89 S 1.39 S 1.67 2.67 19.0 19 401 149.8 S 0.69 55.8 3.62 S 1.38 S 1.63 2.70 19.2 19 405 186.2 S 0.69 46.9 3.07 S 1.24 S 1.42 2.70 18.9 19 403 223.4
S 0.88 50.5 3.32 S 1.40 S 1.57 2.71 19.0 19 403 18.5 S 0.72 267.3 17.49 C 1.38 C 1.68 2.75 18.5 19 364 182.0 S 0.78 48.5 3.27 S 1.30 S 1.51 2.74 18.5 19 364 201.4 S
0.85 48.5 3.25 S 1.33 S 1.52
24
# 1001 1002 1003 1004 1005 1006 1007 1008 1009 1010 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030
1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050
Author and Notes
Ref Year Beam # Name 1979 4838 1979 4839 1979 4840 1979 4840A 1979 4840B 1979 4840C 1979 4840D 1979 4840E 1979 4809 1979 4810 1979 4811
1979 4812 1979 4813 1979 4814 1979 4815 1979 4817 1979 4818 1979 461 1979 462 1979 463 1979 464 1979 465 1979 466 1979 467 1979 468 1979 469 1979
470 1979 471 1979 472 1979 473 1979 474 1979 475 1979 476 1979 477 1979 478 1979 479 1979 480 1979 481 1979 442 1979 443 1979 444 1979 445 1979
447 1979 448 1979 449 1979 450 1979 451 1979 452 1979 453 1979 454
bw (mm) 152 152 152 153 155 153 152 153 155 154 155 155 154 154 156 155 155 153 153 153 153 154 155 156 156 154 154 153 154 154 154 153 152 152 152 153 152 152
155 155 155 153 155 154 155 154 154 154 154 153
b (mm) 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457
457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457
h (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 279 273 275 274 274 295 269 271 267 272 271 273 269 271 271 271 272 275 275 273 276 280 279 273 274 271 276 269 267 268 270 269 269 271 271
272 277 276 252 250 251 268 278 279 266 270 273 275 274 270
a:M/V (mm) 1359 1902 2040 953 2174 2174 953 953 544 1631 544 815 1087 1359 815 272 953 2718 1631 1087 3261 274 1361 2174 544 815 3810 1087 1082 1087
1087 1087 3805 1631 2718 4077 1224 1232 544 678 813 272 1628 2169 2713 678 3261 272 815 1087
a:STM Load a/d (mm) Type ratio 1359 P 4.88 1902 P 6.97 2040 P 7.42 953 P 3.48 2174 P 7.93 2174 P 7.37 953 P 3.54 953 P 3.52 544 P 2.04 1631 P 6.00 544
P 2.00 815 P 2.99 1087 P 4.04 1359 P 5.01 815 P 3.01 272 P 1.00 953 P 3.50 2718 P 9.90 1631 P 5.93 1087 P 3.98 3261 P 11.82 274 P 0.98 1361 P 4.89 2174 P
7.98 544 P 1.98 815 P 3.01 3810 P 13.79 1087 P 4.03 1082 P 4.06 1087 P 4.05 1087 P 4.03 1087 P 4.03 3805 P 14.16 1631 P 6.01 2718 P 10.02 4077 P 15.00
1224 P 4.43 1232 P 4.47 544 P 2.16 678 P 2.71 813 P 3.23 272 P 1.01 1628 P 5.86 2169 P 7.76 2713 P 10.19 678 P 2.51 3261 P 11.93 272 P 0.99 815 P 2.98 1087 P
4.03
Bear (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
f c' ag fy Vu ρ A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 2.60 18.0 19 328
149.2 S 0.78 52.3 3.49 S 1.33 S 1.57 2.71 18.0 19 323 219.9 S 0.93 44.0 3.00 S 1.25 S 1.42 2.73 18.0 19 323 235.5 S 1.01 45.4 3.07 S 1.31 S 1.46 2.70 17.6 19 343 91.7 S
0.49 49.2 3.36 S 1.14 S 1.38 2.71 17.3 19 321 256.0 F 0.96 40.3 2.75 S S 2.52 20.6 19 483 253.1 S 0.69 45.4 2.67 S 1.20 S 1.28 2.80 20.6 19 463 90.7 S 0.41 54.3 3.51
S 1.21 S 1.46 2.78 20.6 19 477 90.8 S 0.44 60.0 3.85 S 1.33 S 1.60 1.86 18.2 19 406 55.8 S 0.76 107.2 7.33 C 1.97 C 1.32 1.82 18.2 19 407 274.8 S 1.00 47.4 3.20 S
1.45 S 1.54 1.80 19.3 19 408 55.9 S 0.69 97.6 6.37 C 1.73 C 1.18 1.78 19.3 19 408 111.3 S 0.61 58.0 3.76 S 1.39 S 1.62 1.84 19.3 19 402 165.7 S 0.69 48.3 3.19 S 1.28 S
1.46 1.83 19.3 19 397 219.6 S 0.90 50.5 3.32 S 1.43 S 1.57 1.81 19.2 19 370 110.9 S 0.61 53.2 3.45 S 1.27 S 1.48 1.82 19.0 19 392 27.5 S 1.00 262.0 17.18 C 1.45 C 1.64 1.75
17.6 19 402 143.4 S 0.55 42.7 2.91 S 1.12 S 1.30 8.11 30.1 19 391 109.7 S 0.68 72.9 3.82 S 1.38 S 1.70 8.08 30.1 19 391 61.1 S 0.45 79.6 4.15 S 1.31 S 1.65 8.12 25.4 19 365
36.7 S 0.45 109.0 6.20 S 1.77 S 2.05 8.08 26.3 19 372 134.0 S 0.82 68.5 3.81 S 1.42 S 1.73 7.91 26.8 19 361 6.2 S 0.49 400.3 21.65 C 1.39 C 1.91 7.89 26.8 19 361 49.3
S 0.39 77.2 4.16 S 1.26 S 1.53 7.97 26.8 19 361 87.5 S 0.62 75.2 4.11 S 1.39 S 1.74 7.91 25.9 19 366 12.5 S 0.49 236.9 13.11 C 2.71 C 2.18 8.15 25.6 19 372 24.6 S 0.43
139.9 7.95 S 2.16 S 2.27 8.07 27.1 19 395 158.5 F 1.11 63.2 3.43 S S 8.30 25.4 19 388 36.6 S 0.40 97.6 5.66 S 1.61 S 1.87 8.26 26.2 19 386 37.0 S 0.38 94.5 5.40 S 1.54
S 1.80 8.24 26.2 19 385 37.1 S 0.39 95.2 5.41 S 1.54 S 1.81 8.18 26.6 19 367 37.0 S 0.38 90.3 5.09 S 1.46 S 1.70 8.21 26.6 19 384 37.0 S 0.38 94.7 5.36 S 1.53 S 1.79
8.27 28.3 19 374 159.1 S 0.93 65.4 3.62 S 1.43 S 1.69 8.07 27.1 19 388 62.1 F 0.96 74.3 4.16 S S 8.04 27.1 19 388 112.2 S 0.72 72.1 4.03 S 1.44 S 1.79 8.05 27.2 19 368
174.0 F 0.99 64.1 3.55 S S 8.00 27.2 19 376 42.8 S 0.34 77.4 4.24 S 1.25 S 1.50 7.97 27.2 19 368 43.5 S 0.35 77.2 4.24 S 1.25 S 1.51 5.98 24.4 19 361 19.3 S 0.49
156.3 9.76 C 1.88 S 2.79 6.01 24.4 19 361 28.5 S 0.50 128.5 8.06 S 2.22 S 2.39 6.00 24.4 19 361 37.2 S 0.47 101.0 6.33 S 1.81 S 2.09 5.54 29.0 19 395 9.1 S 0.60
403.0 21.86 C 1.32 C 1.64 5.35 26.2 19 381 91.0 S 0.50 62.7 3.44 S 1.18 S 1.46 5.44 29.9 19 361 124.3 S 0.66 62.9 3.21 S 1.22 S 1.46 5.54 29.0 19 381 166.0 S 0.86
62.9 3.41 S 1.38 S 1.60 5.49 29.0 19 381 27.5 S 0.54 161.9 8.70 S 2.47 S 2.63 5.51 26.1 19 374 198.6 S 0.93 56.9 3.19 S 1.34 S 1.52 5.40 25.8 19 374 9.2 S 0.58 370.7
20.73 C 1.35 C 1.76 5.45 25.9 19 374 36.3 S 0.39 96.1 5.38 S 1.57 S 1.78 5.60 25.4 19 376 54.0 S 0.39 70.1 4.05 S 1.25 S 1.52
25
# 1051 1052 1053 1054 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079
1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100
Agree & close
Author and Notes
Ref Year Beam # Name 1979 455 1979 456 1979 457 1979 458 1979 459 1979 421 1979 422 1979 423 1979 424 1979 426 1979 427 1979 428 1979 429 1979
430 1979 431 1979 432 1979 433 1979 401 1979 402 1979 403 1979 404 1979 405 1979 406 1979 407 1979 408 1979 409 1979 410 1979 411 1979 412 1979
4134 1979 141 1979 415 1979 416 1979 417 1979 418 1979 4891 1979 4892 1979 4893 1979 4894 1979 4895 1979 4896 1979 4897 1979 4898 1979 4899 1979
4900 1979 4901 1979 4902 1979 4903 1979 4904 1979 4905
bw (mm) 154 153 153 152 152 153 155 153 153 155 154 154 154 153 153 153 153 154 156 152 154 154 154 154 155 155 154 154 155 153 153 153 153 152 155 154 154 154
154 155 155 208 155 155 155 153 154 154 155 155
b (mm) 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457
457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457
h (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 266 268 272 268 268 276 276 276 276 275 276 269 273 271 270 272 273 275 273 275 276 275 280 275 280 275 273 276 269 274 269 270 274 274
275 273 274 271 271 270 273 274 271 274 267 272 271 273 274 273
a:M/V (mm) 1087 1087 953 2855 2990 406 544 678 813 2169 2713 1902 1359 953 1631 1631 1768 406 544 678 813 1085 1356 1628 544 2169 2713 2985 1359
1902 681 953 681 953 953 544 815 1087 1359 2174 3805 1631 3261 272 2718 2990 2990 1087 1224 953
a:STM Load a/d (mm) Type ratio 1087 P 4.08 1087 P 4.06 953 P 3.51 2855 P 10.64 2990 P 11.15 406 P 1.47 544 P 1.97 678 P 2.46 813 P 2.95 2169 P 7.90 2713
P 9.84 1902 P 7.06 1359 P 4.98 953 P 3.52 1631 P 6.03 1631 P 6.01 1768 P 6.49 406 P 1.48 544 P 1.99 678 P 2.47 813 P 2.95 1085 P 3.94 1356 P 4.85 1628 P
5.92 544 P 1.94 2169 P 7.89 2713 P 9.93 2985 P 10.82 1359 P 5.05 1902 P 6.94 681 P 2.53 953 P 3.52 681 P 2.49 953 P 3.48 953 P 3.46 544 P 1.99 815 P 2.98
1087 P 4.02 1359 P 5.02 2174 P 8.05 3805 P 13.93 1631 P 5.94 3261 P 12.06 272 P 0.99 2718 P 10.19 2990 P 11.00 2990 P 11.05 1087 P 3.98 1224 P 4.47 953 P
3.49
Bear (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
f c' ag fy Vu ρ A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 5.60 26.3 19 385 55.1
S 0.43 78.5 4.50 S 1.39 S 1.71 5.59 26.3 19 385 54.7 S 0.47 85.0 4.85 S 1.50 S 1.84 5.60 26.6 19 385 44.8 S 0.36 78.1 4.39 S 1.32 S 1.57 5.59 27.1 19 353 172.6 S 0.97
62.9 3.56 S 1.44 S 1.67 5.59 27.1 19 353 181.6 S 1.01 62.9 3.56 S 1.46 S 1.68 2.69 34.1 19 373 27.4 S 0.75 202.4 9.87 C 1.21 C 1.06 2.65 28.0 19 386 37.1 S 0.70 145.0
7.70 C 1.79 C 1.26 2.68 27.0 19 386 54.3 S 0.66 108.5 5.93 S 1.95 S 2.25 2.69 30.1 19 395 72.6 S 0.48 68.5 3.56 S 1.24 S 1.47 2.67 32.7 19 373 258.1 S 1.10 55.6 2.76 S
S 2.70 25.2 19 372 327.7 F 1.13 45.1 2.55 S S 2.73 27.4 19 409 222.3 S 0.97 58.3 3.24 S 1.45 S 1.56 2.69 27.4 19 412 147.8 S 0.74 63.6 3.49 S 1.40 S 1.61 2.76 26.3 19
402 91.3 S 0.55 66.3 3.76 S 1.34 S 1.60 2.76 26.3 19 402 182.2 S 0.84 58.3 3.31 S 1.39 S 1.56 2.69 26.7 19 359 185.9 S 0.93 57.6 3.24 S 1.38 S 1.53 2.67 26.7 19 359
205.2 S 0.99 56.7 3.17 S 1.38 S 1.51 1.77 26.9 19 363 41.7 S 1.14 198.8 10.92 C C 1.78 29.4 19 438 56.1 S 0.98 154.8 8.08 C 1.96 C 1.24 1.80 27.4 19 417 81.5 S 1.00
120.3 6.61 S 2.42 S 2.77 1.78 26.3 19 417 109.5 S 0.55 55.6 3.08 S 1.18 S 1.36 1.78 29.4 19 438 165.0 S 0.62 49.6 2.60 S 1.12 S 1.22 1.75 26.9 19 438 220.3 S 0.76 48.7
2.62 S 1.20 S 1.26 1.78 30.1 19 401 276.4 S 1.04 50.7 2.63 S 1.31 S 1.29 1.74 31.7 19 417 55.8 S 1.00 154.8 7.63 C 1.90 C 1.24 1.77 31.3 19 438 390.1 S 1.09 43.4 2.18 S
1.22 S 1.09 1.82 27.0 19 354 490.7 F 1.16 30.2 1.66 F F 1.81 27.1 19 352 542.2 F 1.13 26.9 1.47 F F 1.82 26.5 19 502 221.8 S 0.74 52.3 2.93 S 1.33 S 1.41 1.82 26.5 19 477
325.3 S 0.93 45.8 2.55 S 1.30 S 1.26 1.87 26.3 19 414 81.8 S 0.85 100.7 5.75 S 2.08 S 2.40 1.85 26.3 19 403 136.1 S 0.66 55.2 3.13 S 1.25 S 1.42 1.78 26.5 19 379 83.8
S 0.77 83.0 4.65 S 1.70 S 1.95 1.78 27.2 19 392 139.5 S 0.70 55.4 3.06 S 1.25 S 1.40 1.71 27.2 19 386 143.7 S 0.63 48.5 2.63 S 1.08 S 1.21 8.03 35.0 19 388 12.4 S 0.53
286.9 13.89 C 2.51 C 1.95 8.06 35.0 19 379 24.6 S 0.47 167.7 8.10 S 2.26 S 2.43 8.08 35.0 19 382 37.3 S 0.45 118.8 5.80 S 1.71 S 2.04 8.09 35.0 19 370 49.7 S 0.45
93.2 4.55 S 1.41 S 1.75 8.07 35.7 19 374 87.4 S 0.69 89.4 4.31 S 1.50 S 1.87 7.98 35.0 19 388 162.2 S 0.97 75.4 3.63 S 1.49 S 1.71 5.89 36.6 19 377 84.0 S 0.51 91.9
3.21 S 1.13 S 1.39 8.04 36.6 19 381 137.5 S 0.95 84.5 4.00 S 1.58 S 1.86 7.83 35.0 19 369 6.3 S 0.63 562.2 26.90 C 1.49 C 1.94 8.14 34.8 19 376 113.0 S 0.84 86.5
4.27 S 1.58 S 1.93 8.11 38.3 19 381 123.3 S 0.88 86.5 4.04 S 1.56 S 1.86 8.15 35.1 19 386 123.4 S 0.90 87.8 4.30 S 1.63 S 1.97 7.99 35.1 19 386 37.3 S 0.40 108.5 5.23 S
1.55 S 1.84 7.95 34.5 19 374 43.6 S 0.42 98.5 4.76 S 1.44 S 1.76 7.89 35.0 19 372 31.6 S 0.43 127.9 6.14 S 1.77 S 2.04
26
# 1101 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 1134
1135 1136 1137 1138 1139 1140 1141 1142 1143 1144 1145 1146 1147 1148 1149 1150 1151 1152 1153
Author and Notes
Ref Year Beam # Name 1979 4881 1979 4882 1979 4882A 1979 4883 1979 4883A 1979 4884 1979 4885 1979 4886 1979 4887 1979 4888 1979 4888A 1979
4889 1979 4890 1979 4890A 1979 4871B 1979 4872 1979 4872A 1979 4872B 1979 4873 1979 4873A 1979 4873B 1979 4874 1979 4875 1979 4876 1979
4878 1979 4878A 1979 4878B 1979 4879 1979 4880B 1979 4880B 1979 4861 1979 4862 1979 4863 1979 1864 1979 1865 1979 1867 1979 1868A 1979 4868B
1979 4869A 1979 4869B 1979 6041 1979 6042 1979 6043 1979 6044 1979 6045 1979 6046 1979 6048 1979 6049 1979 6050 1979 6021 1979 6022 1979 6023
1979 6024
bw (mm) 155 155 154 155 154 155 156 155 156 156 154 154 154 155 155 152 154 154 153 153 154 154 154 154 153 154 155 154 155 153 154 153 154 153 155 156 154 155
154 154 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
b (mm) 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457 457
457 457 457 457 457 457 457 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762 762
h (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 274 274 273 271 271 269 273 271 273 272 273 272 268 272 272 269 271 273 270 271 274 271 272 273 272 278 279 271 271 273 271 269 273 271 269
274 272 270 271 270 275 271 268 275 277 275 271 275 273 274 274 272 275
a:M/V (mm) 544 815 815 1087 1087 1631 2174 272 2446 2718 2718 953 2583 1224 544 815 815 815 1087 1087 1087 1631 272 409 953 884 884 1359 988 988
544 815 1087 1631 681 1224 815 815 953 953 1902 2446 2990 815 1359 1087 4077 544 2990 1087 1631 2174 1087
a:STM Load a/d (mm) Type ratio 544 P 1.99 815 P 2.97 815 P 2.99 1087Agree
P 4.01 &
1087 P 4.02 1631 P 6.07 2174 P 7.96 272 P 1.00 2446 P 8.96 2718 P 10.00 2718
close
P 9.97 953 P 3.50 2583 P 9.64 1224 P 4.50 544 P 2.00 815 P 3.03 815 P 3.01 815 P 2.99 1087 P 4.02 1087 P 4.01 1087 P 3.97 1631 P 6.02 272 P 1.00 409 P 1.50
953 P 3.51 884 P 3.18 884 P 3.17 1359 P 5.01 988 P 3.64 988 P 3.63 544 P 2.01 815 P 3.03 1087 P 3.99 1631 P 6.02 681 P 2.53 1224 P 4.47 815 P 3.00 815 P 3.02
953 P 3.51 953 P 3.52 1902 P 6.93 2446 P 9.04 2990 P 11.15 815 P 2.97 1359 P 4.90 1087 P 3.96 4077 P 15.06 544 P 1.98 2990 P 10.97 1087 P 3.97 1631 P 5.94
2174 P 7.99 1087 P 3.95
Bear (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152
f c' ag fy Vu ρ A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 5.41 35.4 19 366 18.4
S 0.61 228.2 10.88 C 2.06 C 1.53 5.39 35.4 19 381 36.6 S 0.58 150.3 7.14 S 2.15 S 2.50 5.48 38.3 19 380 36.3 S 0.49 127.4 5.92 S 1.79 S 2.09 5.46 37.4 19 386 55.1 S
0.43 84.7 3.96 S 1.28 S 1.57 5.49 34.5 19 350 55.0 S 0.48 85.6 4.22 S 1.35 S 1.66 5.50 37.4 19 379 92.2 S 0.61 78.1 3.68 S 1.33 S 1.62 5.40 37.4 19 379 128.9 S 0.79
77.0 3.56 S 1.40 S 1.65 5.48 37.7 19 379 9.2 S 0.68 482.2 22.48 C 1.25 C 1.51 5.39 37.7 19 382 147.5 S 0.85 74.1 3.41 S 1.40 S 1.60 5.42 37.7 19 381 166.1 S 0.87 68.1
3.15 S 1.33 S 1.50 5.44 35.0 19 357 164.9 S 1.01 73.4 3.55 S 1.48 S 1.68 5.45 34.5 19 354 46.0 S 0.47 96.1 4.70 S 1.46 S 1.76 5.54 34.5 19 354 156.0 S 0.97 72.3 3.59 S
1.47 S 1.69 5.41 34.5 19 369 64.6 S 0.51 84.5 4.11 S 1.36 S 1.68 2.69 35.7 19 403 37.2 S 0.65 139.7 6.67 C 1.39 C 0.91 2.82 34.8 19 412 72.1 S 0.48 70.7 3.52 S 1.24 S
1.48 2.73 34.5 19 394 73.9 S 0.56 77.4 3.81 S 1.35 S 1.60 2.70 34.5 19 399 73.8 S 0.54 76.5 3.72 S 1.33 S 1.57 2.77 34.8 19 392 109.1 S 0.67 69.8 3.44 S 1.33 S 1.55
2.74 34.1 19 404 110.1 S 0.67 71.4 3.54 S 1.37 S 1.59 2.70 34.1 19 409 110.3 S 0.57 61.8 3.03 S 1.17 S 1.36 2.74 34.8 19 395 183.3 S 0.90 63.2 3.09 S 1.36 S 1.48 2.70
35.4 19 404 18.5 S 0.91 371.9 17.99 C 1.17 C 1.26 2.70 35.4 19 404 27.7 S 0.81 230.9 11.11 C 1.34 C 1.14 2.75 35.4 19 404 91.3 S 0.49 60.7 2.95 S 1.10 S 1.29 2.68 36.7
19 363 81.5 S 0.56 68.9 3.20 S 1.17 S 1.38 2.65 36.7 19 366 81.9 S 0.59 74.3 3.41 S 1.25 S 1.47 2.73 35.4 19 401 146.6 S 0.75 64.5 3.12 S 1.30 S 1.46 2.71 35.7 19 403
97.6 S 0.55 65.4 3.14 S 1.19 S 1.39 2.74 35.7 19 403 95.7 S 0.54 64.3 3.12 S 1.17 S 1.38 1.84 35.4 19 429 54.8 S 1.06 166.6 8.09 C 1.82 C 1.09 1.85 35.4 19 421 109.5 S
0.63 63.6 3.13 S 1.25 S 1.41 1.82 35.4 19 421 164.4 S 0.79 60.7 2.93 S 1.29 S 1.39 1.87 35.4 19 423 269.0 S 0.94 48.9 2.39 S 1.21 S 1.18 1.83 37.0 19 392 83.3 S 0.74
84.3 3.99 C 1.45 S 1.73 1.79 37.0 19 401 194.4 S 0.93 61.2 2.84 S 1.32 S 1.37 1.85 34.4 19 419 108.5 S 0.63 64.9 3.18 S 1.26 S 1.43 1.84 34.4 19 419 109.4 S 0.57 58.3
2.85 S 1.13 S 1.28 1.85 34.4 19 414 135.4 S 0.70 61.2 3.01 S 1.26 S 1.39 1.84 34.4 19 408 137.0 S 0.81 68.7 3.39 S 1.42 S 1.57 9.27 27.7 19 349 64.0 S 0.44 74.9 4.10 S
1.29 S 1.63 9.42 26.8 19 334 85.4 S 0.62 76.5 4.31 S 1.44 S 1.82 9.50 26.8 19 345 106.8 S 0.65 66.7 3.79 S 1.33 S 1.67 9.28 28.7 19 354 21.2 S 0.34 134.3 7.22 S 1.94
S 2.06 9.19 28.7 19 354 42.4 S 0.33 79.4 4.22 S 1.24 S 1.50 9.27 26.8 19 346 31.9 S 0.34 98.5 5.48 S 1.54 S 1.74 9.40 25.8 19 346 149.6 S 1.01 76.5 4.40 S 1.68 S
2.02 9.27 24.9 19 349 10.7 S 0.44 235.5 13.58 C 2.79 C 2.27 9.34 25.4 19 345 106.8 S 0.70 72.9 4.20 S 1.47 S 1.84 4.50 27.4 19 372 66.0 S 0.52 84.1 4.63 S 1.51 S
1.85 4.44 27.4 19 364 111.3 S 0.59 62.9 3.46 S 1.26 S 1.53 4.51 27.4 19 379 154.9 S 0.73 59.8 3.31 S 1.32 S 1.54 4.44 25.7 19 374 66.4 S 0.50 82.3 4.66 S 1.51 S 1.85
# 1154 1155 1156 1157 1158 1159 1160 1161 1162 1163 1164 1165 1166 1167 1168 1169 1170 1171 1172 1173 1174 1175 1176 1177 1178 1179 1180 1181 1182 1183 1184 1185 1186
1187 1188 1189 1190 1191 1192 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198
Author and Notes
Ref Year Beam # Name 1979 6025 1979 6026 1979 6027 1979 6028 1979 6029 1979 6030 Taylor, M. A., El-Ha 44 1980 1 Palaskas, Attiogbe 45 1981 #2 and
Darwin 1981 A00 1981 B00 1981 C00 Nakazawa, T., "The 46 1980 1 1980 2 (failure modes 1980 3 not listed, so 1980 4 taken as 1980 5 predicted) 1980 6
1980 7 1980 8 1980 9 1980 10 1980 11 1980 12 1980 13 1980 14 1980 15 1980 16 1980 17 1980 18 1980 19 1980 20 1980 21 1980 22 1980 23 1980 24 1980 25 1980
26 1980 27 1980 28 Fukuhara, M., Koku 47 1980 (1)-1 1980 (2)-1 (assume j = 0.85d) 1980 (2)-2 1980 (3)-1 1980 (4)-1 1980 (4)-2
bw (mm) 152 152 152 152 152 152 216 191 191 191 191 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
150 180 180 180 180 180 180
b (mm) 762 762 762 762 762 762 813 610 610 610 610 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150
150 150 180 180 180 180 180 180
h (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 305 635 457 457 457 457 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
300 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400 400 400
d (mm) 273 275 271 273 274 271 561 374 395 401 391 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 270
270 270 270 270 270 340 340 340 340 340 340
a:M/V (mm) 1359 2446 815 2446 544 1224 1219 1549 1549 1549 1549 270 405 540 675 810 945 1080 270 405 540 675 810 945 1080 270 405 540 675 810
945 1080 270 405 540 675 810 945 1080 600 600 600 800 600 600
f c' ag fy a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) 1359 P 4.98 152 4.48 25.7 19 372 2446 P 8.88 152 4.46 25.7 19 371 815 P
3.01 152 4.52 27.5 19 374 2446 P 8.97 152 4.48 27.5 19 379 544 P 1.99 152 4.50 28.7 19 364 1224 P 4.52 152 4.55 24.9 19 374 1219 P 2.17 356 1.77 30.9 25 483
1549 P 4.14 203 0.69 32.8 19 1674 1549 P 3.93 203 0.66 32.7 19 1674 1549 P 3.86 203 0.49 32.0 19 1674 1549 P 3.96 203 0.94 29.4 19 1674 270 P 1.00 50 0.53
25.0 19 319 405 P 1.50 50 0.53 26.2 19 319 540 P 2.00 50 0.53 23.0 19 319 675 P 2.50 50 0.53 22.5 19 319 810 P 3.00 50 0.53 27.8 19 319 945 P 3.50 50 0.53 27.9
19 319 1080 P 4.00 50 0.53 28.6 19 319 270 P 1.00 50 0.70 17.5 19 319 405 P 1.50 50 0.70 22.6 19 319 540 P 2.00 50 0.70 23.2 19 319 675 P 2.50 50 0.70 20.3 19
319 810 P 3.00 50 0.70 21.0 19 319 945 P 3.50 50 0.70 20.0 19 319 1080 P 4.00 50 0.70 18.8 19 319 270 P 1.00 50 1.47 25.3 19 358 405 P 1.50 50 1.47 25.3 19 358
540 P 2.00 50 1.47 24.2 19 358 675 P 2.50 50 1.47 28.7 19 358 810 P 3.00 50 1.47 23.5 19 358 945 P 3.50 50 1.47 25.8 19 358 1080 P 4.00 50 1.47 30.5 19 358
270 P 1.00 50 1.91 34.4 19 358 405 P 1.50 50 1.91 34.8 19 358 540 P 2.00 50 1.91 34.3 19 358 675 P 2.50 50 1.91 34.8 19 358 810 P 3.00 50 1.91 38.6 19 358 945 P
3.50 50 1.91 38.6 19 358 1080 P 4.00 50 1.91 34.1 19 358 1200 P 1.76 275 3.20 23.6 19 343 1200 P 1.76 275 3.20 31.8 19 368 1200 P 1.76 275 3.20 31.8 19 368 1600
P 2.35 275 3.20 23.6 19 343 1200 P 1.76 275 3.20 19.5 19 343 1200 P 1.76 275 3.20 19.5 19 343
28
M ρVd 88.8 176.8 44.5 177.6 22.1 77.4 66.2 453.7 445.9 586.2 313.7 94.3 141.5 188.7 283.0 377.4 471.7 566.0 71.4 107.1 142.9 214.3 285.7 357.1 428.6 34.0 51.0
68.0 102.0 136.1 170.1 204.1 26.2 39.3 52.4 78.5 104.7 130.9 157.1 23.9 23.9 23.9 42.3 23.9 23.9
Rep. Mode S S S S S S S S S S S F F F F F F F S S S F F F F S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
MMAX Mn 0.52 0.86 0.52 0.91 0.72 0.54 1.08 0.39 0.33 0.46 0.22 1.10 1.17 1.04 0.99 1.12 1.30 1.08 1.18 1.12 1.09 1.20 1.05 1.22 0.91 0.89 0.98 0.98 0.90 0.97 0.85
0.97 0.68 0.69 0.76 0.73 0.71 0.69 0.82 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.39 0.34 0.41
Vu β CSA CSA ACI ACI (kN) (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 67.2 3.84 S 1.32 S 1.63 62.0 3.52 S 1.44 S 1.65 111.9 6.23 S 1.90 S 2.23 66.7 3.68 S 1.52 S 1.74
223.1 12.02 C 2.49 C 1.85 77.6 4.54 S 1.51 S 1.86 491.0 8.78 C 2.29 S 3.56 72.1 2.13 S 1.39 S 1.08 64.9 1.82 S 1.20 S 0.92 71.2 1.98 S 1.46 S 1.01 59.2 1.76 S 1.00 S 0.87
72.4 4.30 F F 51.5 2.99 F F 34.1 2.12 F F 25.8 1.62 F F 24.5 1.38 F F 24.5 1.38 F F 17.8
Agree 0.99 F F 98.6 7.01 C C 63.8 3.99 C F 46.6 2.87 S 1.28 S 1.31 40.5 2.67 S S
& close
29.7 1.93 F F 29.4 1.96 F F 19.0 1.30 F F 166.8 9.86 C 1.34 C 1.62 122.6 7.25 C 1.77 C 1.56 90.7 5.48 S 1.96 S 2.17 68.7 3.81 S 1.49 S 1.67 60.1 3.68 S 1.48 S 1.66 45.4
2.66 S 1.14 S 1.24 46.6 2.51 S 1.16 S 1.20 166.8 8.45 C 1.00 C 1.19 112.8 5.68 C 1.19 C 1.04 93.2 4.73 S 1.65 S 1.84 71.1 3.58 S 1.33 S 1.53 58.7 2.81 S 1.12 S 1.27 49.1 2.35
S 0.99 S 1.09 50.3 2.56 S 1.11 S 1.20 97.5 3.94 S 1.20 S 1.13 104.6 3.65 S 1.14 S 1.06 101.0 3.53 S 1.10 S 1.02 81.1 3.28 S 1.04 S 1.13 85.7 3.82 S 1.14 S 1.09 104.6 4.66 S
1.39 S 1.33
Author Ref and Notes # 1199 Chana 48 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222
1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 1235 Niwa, J., Maekawa 49 1236 1981 1237 1238 1239 1240 1241 1242 1243 Batchelor, B. d., Kw 50
1244 1245 1246 1247 1248 (midspan rho)
Year Beam Name 1981 2.1a 1981 2.1b 1981 2.2a 1981 2.2b 1981 2.3a 1981 2.3b 1981 3.1a 1981 3.1b 1981 3.2a 1981 3.2b 1981 3.3a 1981 3.3b 1981 D1 1981 D2 1981 D3
1981 4.1a 1981 4.1b 1981 4.2a 1981 4.2b 1981 4.3a 1981 4.3b 1981 4.4a 1981 4.4b 1981 5.1a 1981 5.1b 1981 5.2a 1981 5.2b 1981 6.1 1981 6.2 1981 6.3 1981 6.4 1981 6.5
1981 6.6 1981 6.7 1981 6.8 1981 6.9 1981 T1 1981 T2 1981 T3 1981 T4 1981 T5 1981 T6 1981 T7 1981 T8 1981 4-C-1 1981 4-C-2 1981 1-S-1 1981 1-S-2 1981 3-S-1 1981 3-S-
2
bw (mm) 203 203 203 203 203 203 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 200 200 200 200 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 100 152 152 152 155 154 151
b (mm) 203 203 203 203 203 203 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 200 200 200 200 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 23 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 152 152 152 155 154 151
h (mm) 406 406 406 406 406 406 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 203 203 203 203 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 51 300 600
300 600 600 600 300 300 248 248 289 302 305 305
d (mm) 356 356 356 356 356 356 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 177 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 106 170 170 170 170 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 42 228 507
228 507 507 507 228 228 226 226 251 264 255 255
a:M/V (mm) 1068 1068 1068 1068 1068 1068 531 531 531 531 531 531 531 531 531 318 318 318 318 318 318 318 318 510 510 510 510 126 126 126 126 126 126 126 126
126 200 200 200 150 200 150 150 150 686 357 762 686 762 762
a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * 1068 P 3.00 10 1.69 1068 P 3.00 10 1.69 1068 P 3.00 10 1.69 1068 P 3.00 10 1.69 1068 P 3.00 10 1.69
1068 P 3.00 10 1.69 531 P 3.00 10 1.74 531 P 3.00 10 1.74 531 P 3.00 10 1.74 531 P 3.00 10 1.74 531 P 3.00 10 1.74 531 P 3.00 10 1.74 531 P 3.00 10 1.74 531 P 3.00
10 1.74 531 P 3.00 10 1.74 318 P 3.00 10 1.72 318 P 3.00 10 1.72 318 P 3.00 10 1.72 318 P 3.00 10 1.72 318 P 3.00 10 1.72 318 P 3.00 10 1.72 318 P 3.00 10 1.72 318 P
3.00 10 1.72 510 P 3.00 10 1.80 510 P 3.00 10 1.80 510 P 3.00 10 1.80 510 P 3.00 10 1.80 126 P 3.01 10 1.70 126 P 3.01 10 1.70 126 P 3.01 10 1.70 126 P 3.01 10 1.70
126 P 3.01 10 1.70 126 P 3.01 10 1.70 126 P 3.01 10 1.70 126 P 3.01 10 1.70 126 P 3.01 10 1.70 200 P 0.88 140 6.00 200 P 0.39 100 3.00 200 P 0.88 100 3.00 150 P
0.30 140 3.00 200 P 0.39 140 6.00 150 P 0.30 100 6.00 150 P 0.66 100 6.00 150 P 0.66 140 3.00 686 P 3.03 10 0.17 686 P 1.58 10 0.17 762 P 3.04 10 0.24 686
P 2.60 10 0.22 762 P 2.99 10 0.19 762 P 2.99 10 0.26 X
29
f c' ag fy Vu M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 49.3 20 414 118.6 S 0.62 96.0
2.27 S 1.02 S 1.06 49.3 20 414 118.6 S 0.63 97.1 2.30 S 1.03 S 1.07 41.6 10 414 118.6 S 0.58 87.4 2.25 S 1.05 S 1.04 41.6 10 414 118.6 S 0.62 94.4 2.44 S 1.13 S 1.12 45.2
20 414 118.6 S 0.65 99.4 2.46 S 1.09 S 1.14 45.2 20 414 118.6 S 0.63 96.4 2.39 S 1.06 S 1.10 34.5 10 414 114.7 S 0.64 23.8 2.75 S 1.10 S 1.25 34.5 10 414 114.7 S 0.64
23.9 2.76 S 1.10 S 1.25 36.8 10 414 114.7 S 0.65 24.5 2.74 S 1.10 S 1.25 36.8 10 414 114.7 S 0.68 25.5 2.86 S 1.15 S 1.30 40.1 10 414 114.7 S 0.69 26.5 2.84 S 1.16 S 1.30
40.1 10 414 114.7 S 0.61 23.2 2.49 S 1.02 S 1.14 31.6 10 414 114.7 S 0.60 22.1 2.67 S 1.05 S 1.20 32.4 10 414 114.7 S 0.63 23.4 2.79 S 1.10 S 1.26 44.7 10 414 114.7 S
0.55 21.4 2.18 S 0.90 S 1.00 30.9 5 414 116.6 S 0.76 9.8 3.35 S 1.28 S 1.51 30.9 5 414 116.6 S 0.67 8.7 2.95 S 1.12 S 1.33 30.9 5 414 116.6 S 0.69 9.0 3.06 S 1.17 S 1.38
30.9 5 414 116.6 S 0.75 9.7 3.31 S 1.26 S 1.49 52.2 5 414 116.6 S 0.85 11.7 3.07 S 1.27 S 1.43 52.2 5 414 116.6 S 0.89 12.4 3.24 S 1.35 S 1.51 52.2 5 414 116.6 S 0.70 9.6
2.52 S 1.05 S 1.18 52.2 5 414 116.6 S 0.76 10.5 2.75 S 1.14 S 1.28 40.3 10 414 111.4 S 0.64 47.8 2.67 S 1.07 S 1.22 40.3 10 414 111.4 S 0.64 47.8 2.67 S 1.07 S 1.22 39.6
10 414 111.4 S 0.73 55.0 3.10 S 1.24 S 1.41 39.6 10 414 111.4 S 0.75 56.0 3.16 S 1.27 S 1.44 35.8 2 414 117.8 S 1.05 2.1 4.37 S 1.62 S 1.99 38.0 2 414 117.8 S 0.93 1.9 3.81
S 1.43 S 1.74 39.1 2 414 117.8 S 1.02 2.1 4.11 S 1.55 S 1.88 60.0 2 414 117.8 S 0.97 2.1 3.30 S 1.34 S 1.55 46.9 2 414 117.8 S 1.24 2.6 4.66 S S 64.0 2 414 117.8 S 1.27 2.7
4.19 S S 43.1 2 414 117.8 S 1.13 2.4 4.40 S S 42.6 2 414 117.8 S 1.07 2.2 4.20 S 1.60 S 1.93 45.0 2 414 117.8 S 1.09 2.3 4.17 S 1.61 S 1.93 35.8 19 364 7.3 S 0.86 314.5
27.76 C 1.12 C 1.27 54.7 19 389 6.6 S 0.39 514.0 16.51 C 0.73 C 1.22 13.1 19 364 14.6 S 0.81 114.0 16.63 C 1.16 C 1.43 13.1 19 389 4.9 S 0.23 212.5 13.94 C 1.06 C 1.77
66.6 19 389 3.3 S 0.37 881.5 25.65 C 0.84 C 1.40 35.8 19 389 2.5 S 0.23 577.5 22.92 C 1.32 C 2.21 59.9 19 364 5.5 S 0.75 446.0 30.43 C 0.83 C 1.10 58.8 19 364 11.0
F 1.40 470.5 32.41 F F 46.6 19 1167 1186.9 S 0.90 19.9 1.02 S 1.06 F 0.53 45.0 19 1167 338.5 S 1.13 47.8 2.49 S S 33.7 19 472 862.3 F 1.21 16.7 0.90 F F 33.7 19 472
723.0 F 1.08 17.3 0.88 F F 37.2 19 1641 1061.6 S 0.75 28.9 1.45 S 1.39 S 0.75 37.2 19 1641 780.4 F 1.03 51.6 2.65 S S
Author Ref Year and Notes # 1249 Smith and Vantsiot 51 1982 1250 1982 1251 1982 1252 1982 1253 1982 1254 Heger, F.J., and Mc 52 1982 1255 1982 1256
1982 1257 1982 1258 1982 1259 1982 1260 1982 1261 1982 1262 1982 1263 1982 1264 1982 1265 1982 1266 Mphonde & 53 1984 1267 Frantz 1984 1268 1984 1269
1984 1270 1984 1271 1984 1272 1984 1273 1984 1274 1984 1275 1984 1276 1984 1277 1984 1278 1984 1279 1984 1280 1984 1281 1984 1282 1984 1283 1984 1284
(suspect result) 1984 1285 Elzanaty, Nilson, Sl 54 1984 1286 1984 1287 1984 1288 1984 1289 1984 1290 1984 1291 1984 1292 1984 1293 1984 1294 1984 1295
1984 1296 1984 1297 1984 1298 1984 1299 1984
bw Beam Name (mm) 0A0-44 102 0A0-48 102 0B0-49 102 0C0-50 102 0D0-47 102 SW9-0A 914 SW9-0B 914 SW9-6A-15 914 SW9-0B-15 914 SW9M-0A
914 SW9M-0B 914 SW9M-0A-15 914 SW9M-0B-15 914 SW14-0A 914 SW14-0B 914 SW1B-0A 914 SW1B-0B 914 AO-3-3b 152 AO-3-3c 152 AO-7-3a 152 AO-
7-3b 152 AO-11-3a 152 AO-11-3b 152 AO-15-3a 152 AO-15-3b 152 AO-15-3c 152 AO-3-2 152 AO-7-2 152 AO-11-2 152 AO-15-2a 152 AO-15-2b 152 AO-3-1 152 AO-
7-1 152 AO-11-1 152 AO-15-1a 152 AO-15-1b 152 F7 178 F11 178 F12 178 F8 178 F13 178 F14 178 F1 178 F2 178 F10 178 F9 178 F15 178 F3 178 F4 178 F5 178 F6 178
b (mm) 102 102 102 102 102 914 914 914 914 914 914 914 914 914 914 914 914 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 152 178 178
178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178 178
h (mm) 356 356 356 356 356 224 227 225 225 225 226 225 226 227 226 225 225 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337 337
337 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305 305
d (mm) 305 305 305 305 305 184 190 188 186 187 185 190 174 191 186 184 180 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298 298
298 298 268 270 268 273 270 268 270 268 267 268 268 268 268 268 268 Agree & close
a:M/V (mm) 235 235 308 409 613 597 597 381 381 597 597 381 381 597 597 597 597 1067 1067 1067 1067 1067 1067 1067 1067 1067 740 740 740 740 740
448 448 448 448 448 1073 1080 1073 1092 1080 1073 1080 1073 1067 1073 1073 537 537 1610 1610
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 235 P 0.77 102 1.93 20.5 13 422 20.0 S 0.56 141.8 12.12 C 0.90 C 1.22 235 P 0.77 102 1.93 20.9 13 422 20.0 S 0.54 136.1 11.52 C 0.84 C
1.14 308 P 1.01 102 1.93 21.7 13 422 26.2 S 0.76 149.0 12.38 C 1.23 C 1.39 409 P 1.34 102 1.93 20.7 13 422 34.7 S 0.80 115.6 9.84 C 1.48 C 1.39 613 P 2.01 102 1.93
19.5 13 422 52.4 S 0.77 73.4 6.43 C 2.01 S 2.30 597 P 3.24 50 0.62 48.5 19 603 361.3 S 0.93 167.6 1.72 S 1.06 F 0.87 597 P 3.14 50 0.60 48.5 19 603 355.7 S 0.83
155.5 1.54 S 0.95 F 0.78 381 P 2.03 50 0.61 48.5 19 603 169.3 F 0.97 267.7 2.70 F S 381 P 2.05 50 0.62 48.5 19 603 170.8 F 0.99 270.7 2.76 F S 597 P 3.19 50 0.61
48.5 19 594 358.6 S 0.86 155.7 1.57 S 0.97 F 0.79 597 P 3.23 50 0.62 48.5 19 594 360.6 S 0.97 174.3 1.78 S 1.10 F 0.90 381 P 2.01 50 0.60 48.5 19 594 167.3 F
1.08 299.8 2.99 C S 381 P 2.19 50 0.66 48.5 19 594 181.3 S 1.23 308.1 3.35 F S 597 P 3.13 50 0.93 49.0 19 673 228.4 S 0.64 197.2 1.94 S 1.01 S 0.96 597 P 3.21 50
0.96 49.0 19 673 231.2 S 0.65 195.9 1.98 S 1.03 S 0.98 597 P 3.25 50 1.24 48.3 19 633 180.7 S 0.58 202.6 2.09 S 0.99 S 1.01 597 P 3.31 50 1.27 48.3 19 633 182.2 S
0.66 222.8 2.34 S 1.10 S 1.13 1067 P 3.57 50 3.34 21.3 10 414 77.0 S 0.59 64.6 3.71 S 1.31 S 1.49 1067 P 3.57 50 2.33 27.8 10 414 110.4 S 0.68 66.8 3.35 S 1.35 S 1.49
1067 P 3.57 50 3.34 38.6 10 414 77.0 S 0.59 82.2 3.50 S 1.34 S 1.50 1067 P 3.57 50 3.34 42.7 10 414 77.0 S 0.58 82.8 3.35 S 1.30 S 1.45 1067 P 3.57 50 3.34 76.9
10 414 77.0 S 0.57 89.7 2.86 S 1.32 S 1.30 1067 P 3.57 50 3.34 76.6 10 414 77.0 S 0.57 89.4 2.85 S 1.32 S 1.29 1067 P 3.57 50 3.34 83.4 10 414 77.0 S 0.59 93.4
2.98 S 1.38 S 1.36 1067 P 3.57 50 3.34 96.1 10 414 77.0 S 0.62 100.0 3.19 S 1.48 S 1.47 1067 P 3.57 50 3.34 94.2 10 414 77.0 S 0.61 97.8 3.12 S 1.45 S 1.43 740 P
2.48 50 3.34 21.1 10 414 44.2 S 0.50 77.8 4.48 S 1.46 S 1.53 740 P 2.48 50 3.34 46.3 10 414 44.2 S 0.56 117.9 4.59 S 1.63 S 1.77 740 P 2.48 50 3.34 81.3 10 414
44.2 S 0.49 111.3 3.55 C 1.17 S 1.47 740 P 2.48 50 3.34 85.9 10 414 44.2 S 0.77 177.8 5.67 C 1.87 S 2.36 740 P 2.48 50 3.34 71.2 10 414 44.2 S 0.92 205.8 6.56 C
2.38 S 2.67 448 P 1.50 50 3.34 23.1 10 414 22.4 S 0.43 116.1 6.40 C 1.37 C 1.36 448 P 1.50 50 3.34 41.8 10 414 22.4 S 0.92 311.5 12.75 C 2.19 C 2.01 448 P 1.50 50
3.34 65.8 10 414 22.4 S 1.18 432.6 14.12 C C 448 P 1.50 50 3.34 79.5 10 414 22.4 S 0.73 275.7 8.79 C 1.15 C 1.01 448 P 1.50 50 3.34 81.3 10 414 22.4 S 1.31 495.0
15.78 C C 1073 P 4.00 10 0.60 20.7 13 434 500.0 S 1.17 33.7 1.87 F F 1080 P 4.00 10 1.19 20.7 13 434 252.5 S 0.86 45.3 2.50 S 1.20 S 1.20 1073 P 4.00 10 2.44
20.7 13 434 123.0 S 0.63 55.7 3.09 S 1.18 S 1.36 1092 P 4.00 10 0.93 40.0 13 434 322.7 S 1.01 46.4 1.82 S 1.07 F 0.91 1080 P 4.00 10 1.19 40.0 13 434 252.5 S 0.82
46.6 1.85 S 0.99 S 0.91 1073 P 4.00 10 2.44 40.0 13 434 123.0 S 0.62 65.7 2.62 S 1.10 S 1.21 1080 P 4.00 10 1.19 65.5 13 434 252.5 S 1.00 58.7 1.82 S 1.12 F 0.91
1073 P 4.00 10 2.44 65.5 13 434 123.0 S 0.59 67.6 2.11 S 1.01 S 1.00 1067 P 4.00 10 3.21 65.5 13 434 93.6 S 0.55 79.0 2.48 S 1.08 S 1.14 1073 P 4.00 10 1.63 79.3 13
434 184.4 S 0.80 63.6 1.93 S 1.14 S 0.95 1073 P 4.00 10 2.44 79.3 13 434 123.0 S 0.59 68.6 2.08 S 1.07 S 1.00 537 P 2.00 10 1.19 69.0 13 434 84.0 S 0.72 85.3 2.59
C 0.88 S 1.18 537 P 2.00 10 2.44 69.0 13 434 41.0 S 0.56 129.6 3.94 C 1.13 S 1.57 1610 P 6.00 10 1.19 63.4 13 434 420.1 F 1.11 43.3 1.37 F F 1610 P 6.00 10 2.50 63.4
13 434 200.0 S 0.79 61.5 1.95 S 1.04 S 0.96
30
Author Ref and Notes # 1300 Küng (1985) 55 1301 1302 1303 1304 1305 Rogowsky 56 1306 1307 1308 1309 Muruyama, Y., Iwab 57 1310 1311 1312 1313 1314
1315 1316 1317 1318 1319 1320 1321 1322 1323 Mansur, M.A., Ong 58 1324 1325 1326 1327 Ahmad and Lue 59 1328 1329 1330 rebar in A and 1331 B assume is
1332 85 ksi (#2 bars) 1333 for C (#3), 1334 assume it is 1335 70 ksi 1336 (based on 1337 exural results) 1338 1339 1340 1341 1342 1343 1344 1345 1346 1347
1348 1349 1350
Year Beam Name 1985 C 1985 D 1985 E 1985 F 1985 E-1 1986 BM1/1.0/T2 1986 BM1A/1.0 1986 BM1/1.5/T1 1986 BM1/2.0/T1 1986 N1 1986 N2 1986 NP1 1986
NP2 1986 NP3 1986 NS1 1986 NS2 1986 NS3 1986 NS4 1986 NL1 1986 NL2 1986 NL3 1986 NL4 1986 NL5 1986 A1 1986 A2 1986 A3 1986 A4 1987 A1 1987 A2
1987 A3 1987 A4 1987 A5 1987 A6 1987 A7 1987 A8 1987 A9 1987 A10 1987 A11 1987 A12 1987 A13 1987 A14 1987 A15 1987 A16 1987 A17 1987 A18 1987 B1 1987
B2 1987 B3 1987 B4 1987 B5 1987 B6
bw (mm) 140 140 140 140 140 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 150 150 150 150 127 127 127 127 127 127 127
127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127
b (mm) 140 140 140 140 140 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 150 150 150 150 127 127 127 127 127 127 127
127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127
h (mm) 230 230 230 230 230 1000 1000 800 500 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 225 225 225 225 254 254 254 254 254 254
254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254
d (mm) 200 200 200 200 200 950 950 535 455 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 200 200 200 200 203 203 203 203 203 203
208 208 208 208 208 208 213 213 213 213 213 213 202 202 202 202 202 202
a:M/V (mm) 500 500 500 500 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 625 625 775 775 775 750 750 750 750 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 400 560 720 880 813 610 549
467 406 203 832 624 562 478 416 208 851 639 575 490 426 213 807 605 545 464 403 202
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 500 P 2.50 10 0.56 19.8 30 504 267.5 S 0.91 26.5 2.56 S 1.24 S 1.23 500 P 2.50 10 0.81 18.9 30 497 185.8 S 0.77 30.5 3.02 S 1.27 S
1.40 500 P 2.50 10 1.10 18.9 30 492 136.4 S 0.85 43.0 4.26 S 1.62 S 1.89 500 P 2.50 10 1.82 18.9 30 507 82.5 S 0.73 54.0 5.34 S 1.75 S 2.15 500 P 2.50 10 1.10 20.1
30 492 136.4 S 0.79 40.4 3.88 S 1.49 S 1.73 1000 P 1.05 200 0.95 26.1 10 380 55.6 S 1.17 699.0 8.67 C C 1000 P 1.05 200 0.95 26.4 10 367 55.6 S 1.04 600.0 7.40
C 1.41 C 1.60 1000 P 1.87 200 1.12 42.4 10 455 83.3 S 1.12 303.0 5.24 F S 1000 P 2.20 200 0.88 43.2 10 455 136.3 S 1.13 177.0 3.56 C S 625 P 2.50 90 1.55 47.1 19
343 96.8 S 0.98 97.1 3.41 S 1.40 S 1.54 625 P 2.50 90 1.55 51.0 19 343 96.8 S 0.83 83.4 2.81 S 1.17 S 1.28 775 P 3.10 90 3.18 47.2 19 343 66.0 S 0.57 87.3 3.06 S
1.09 S 1.30 775 P 3.10 90 3.18 47.3 19 343 66.0 S 0.74 112.8 3.95 S 1.40 S 1.68 775 P 3.10 90 3.18 49.2 19 343 66.0 S 0.62 95.2 3.27 S 1.17 S 1.39 750 P 3.00 90 2.57
45.5 19 343 77.8 S 0.72 93.2 3.33 S 1.24 S 1.45 750 P 3.00 90 2.57 46.8 19 343 77.8 S 0.70 91.2 3.21 S 1.20 S 1.40 750 P 3.00 90 3.18 49.1 19 343 62.9 S 0.55 86.3
2.97 S 1.05 S 1.25 750 P 3.00 90 3.18 50.5 19 343 62.9 S 0.52 82.4 2.79 S 0.99 S 1.18 1000 P 4.00 90 2.57 46.9 19 343 116.7 S 0.93 91.2 3.21 S 1.31 S 1.49 1000 P
4.00 90 2.57 43.9 19 343 116.7 S 0.83 80.4 2.93 S 1.18 S 1.35 1000 P 4.00 90 2.57 43.5 19 343 116.7 S 0.86 83.4 3.05 S 1.23 S 1.40 1000 P 4.00 90 3.18 47.9 19 343
94.3 S 0.76 89.3 3.11 S 1.19 S 1.40 1000 P 4.00 90 3.18 47.1 19 343 94.3 S 0.77 91.2 3.20 S 1.23 S 1.44 400 P 2.00 10 1.34 24.2 20 463 74.6 S 0.76 60.0 4.90 S 1.72
C 1.83 560 P 2.80 10 1.34 24.2 20 463 134.3 S 0.80 45.0 3.67 S 1.44 S 1.66 720 P 3.60 10 1.34 24.2 20 463 194.0 S 0.88 38.5 3.14 S 1.34 S 1.48 880 P 4.40 10
1.34 24.2 20 463 253.7 S 0.94 33.8 2.76 S 1.26 S 1.33 813 P 4.00 10 3.93 60.8 13 586 76.3 S 0.50 57.8 3.46 S 1.29 S 1.54 610 P 3.00 10 3.93 60.8 13 586 50.9 S
0.45 68.9 4.12 S 1.42 S 1.70 549 P 2.70 10 3.93 60.8 13 586 43.3 S 0.40 68.9 4.12 C 1.30 S 1.64 467 P 2.30 10 3.93 60.8 13 586 33.1 S 0.46 93.4 5.59 C 1.29 S 2.07
406 P 2.00 10 3.93 60.8 13 586 25.4 S 0.72 166.8 9.98 C 1.79 S 3.39 203 P 1.00 10 3.93 60.8 13 586 12.7 S 0.87 400.3 23.95 C 1.63 C 1.84 832 P 4.00 10 1.77 60.8
13 586 169.5 S 0.76 46.7 2.73 S 1.33 S 1.33 624 P 3.00 10 1.77 60.8 13 586 113.0 S 0.60 48.9 2.86 S 1.26 S 1.34 562 P 2.70 10 1.77 60.8 13 586 96.0 S 0.88 80.1
4.68 C 1.89 S 2.15 478 P 2.30 10 1.77 60.8 13 586 73.4 S 0.77 82.3 4.81 C 1.43 S 2.13 416 P 2.00 10 1.77 60.8 13 586 56.5 S 0.45 55.6 3.25 C 0.75 S 1.37 208 P 1.00
10 1.77 60.8 13 586 28.2 S 0.90 222.4 12.99 C 1.15 C 1.12 851 P 4.00 10 0.35 60.8 13 586 852.3 F 0.98 13.3 0.76 F F 639 P 3.00 10 0.35 60.8 13 586 568.2 F 1.00
18.2 1.04 F F 575 P 2.70 10 0.35 60.8 13 586 483.0 F 1.01 20.5 1.17 F F 490 P 2.30 10 0.35 60.8 13 586 369.3 F 1.03 24.5 1.40 F F 426 P 2.00 10 0.35 60.8 13 586
284.1 F 0.99 27.1 1.55 F F 213 P 1.00 10 0.35 60.8 13 586 142.0 F 1.14 62.3 3.56 F F 807 P 4.00 10 5.04 67.0 13 586 59.5 S 0.36 49.8 2.86 S 1.07 S 1.23 605 P 3.00
10 5.04 67.0 13 586 39.7 S 0.37 68.9 3.96 S 1.37 S 1.56 545 P 2.70 10 5.04Agree
67.0 13&586 33.7 S 0.48 100.1 5.75 C 1.64 S 2.17 464 P 2.30 10 5.04 67.0 13 586 25.8 S
close
0.59 143.2 8.23 C 1.72 S 2.85 403 P 2.00 10 5.04 67.0 13 586 19.8 S 0.38 106.8 6.13 C 0.99 S 1.93 202 P 1.00 10 5.04 67.0 13 586 9.9 S 0.37 205.5 11.80 C 0.73 C
0.84
31
# 1351 1352 1353 1354 1355 1356 1357 1358 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 1364 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 1370 1371 1372 1373 1374 1375 1376 1377 1378 1379 1380 1381
1382 1383 1384 1385 1386 1387 1388 1389 1390 1391 1392 1393 1394
Author and Notes
Niwa, Yamada et al. Rodrigues and Darwin Lehwalter PhD
Ref Year Beam # Name 1987 B7 1987 B8 1987 B9 1987 B10 1987 B11 1987 B12 1987 B13 1987 B14 1987 B15 1987 B16 1987 B17 1987 B18 1987 C1 1987 C2
1987 C3 1987 C4 1987 C5 1987 C7 1987 C8 1987 C9 1987 C10 1987 C11 1987 C12 1987 C13 1987 C14 1987 C15 1987 C16 1987 C17 1987 C18 60 1987 1 1987 2
1987 3 61 1987 D-0 1987 E-0 62 1988 V111 1988 V121 1988 V122 1988 V221 1988 V222 1988 V311 1988 V321 1988 V322 1988 V611 1988 V811
bw (mm) 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 600 600 300 191 191 250 250 250
250 250 250 250 250 250 250
b (mm) 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 127 600 600 300 610 610 250 250 250
250 250 250 250 250 250 250
h (mm) 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 254 2100 2100 1100 457
457 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 200 200
d (mm) 208 208 208 208 208 208 213 213 213 213 213 213 184 184 184 184 184 207 207 207 207 207 207 211 211 211 211 211 211 2000 2000 1000 400 392 930
930 930 930 930 930 930 930 160 160
a:M/V (mm) 832 624 562 478 416 208 851 639 575 490 426 213 737 552 497 424 368 826 620 558 475 413 207 844 633 570 485 422 211 6000 6000 3000
1524 1524 465 465 465 930 930 1395 1395 1395 80 240
f c' ag fy a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) 832 P 4.00 10 2.25 67.0 13 586 624 P 3.00 10 2.25 67.0 13 586 562 P 2.70
10 2.25 67.0 13 586 478 P 2.30 10 2.25 67.0 13 586 416 P 2.00 10 2.25 67.0 13 586 208 P 1.00 10 2.25 67.0 13 586 851 P 4.00 10 0.47 67.0 13 586 639 P 3.00 10
0.47 67.0 13 586 575 P 2.70 10 0.47 67.0 13 586 490 P 2.30 10 0.47 67.0 13 586 426 P 2.00 10 0.47 67.0 13 586 213 P 1.00 10 0.47 67.0 13 586 737 P 4.00 10
6.64 64.3 13 483 552 P 3.00 10 6.64 64.3 13 483 497 P 2.70 10 6.64 64.3 13 483 424 P 2.30 10 6.64 64.3 13 483 368 P 2.00 10 6.64 64.3 13 483 826 P 4.00 10
3.26 64.3 13 483 620 P 3.00 10 3.26 64.3 13 483 558 P 2.70 10 3.26 64.3 13 483 475 P 2.30 10 3.26 64.3 13 483 413 P 2.00 10 3.26 64.3 13 483 207 P 1.00 10
3.26 64.3 13 483 844 P 4.00 10 0.53 64.3 13 483 633 P 3.00 10 0.53 64.3 13 483 570 P 2.70 10 0.53 64.3 13 483 485 P 2.30 10 0.53 64.3 13 483 422 P 2.00 10
0.53 64.3 13 483 211 P 1.00 10 0.53 64.3 13 483 6000 P 3.00 200 0.28 27.1 25 999 6000 P 3.00 200 0.14 26.2 25 999 3000 P 3.00 200 0.14 24.6 25 999 3048
P 3.81 178 0.68 31.3 19 1674 3048 P 3.89 178 0.47 31.0 19 1674 465 P 0.50 232 0.66 16.8 16 420 465 P 0.50 232 0.66 18.8 32 420 465 P 0.50 232 0.66 15.8 32
420 930 P 1.00 232 1.08 20.4 16 420 930 P 1.00 232 1.08 15.4 32 420 1395 P 1.50 232 1.69 17.0 16 420 1395 P 1.50 232 1.69 16.9 32 420 1395 P 1.50 232 1.69 15.0
32 420 80 P 0.50 40 0.85 19.9 16 420 240 P 1.50 40 1.90 20.6 16 420
32
M ρVd 133.3 88.9 75.6 57.8 44.4 22.2 639.7 426.4 362.5 277.2 213.2 106.6 45.2 30.1 25.6 19.6 15.1 92.0 61.3 52.1 39.9 30.7 15.3 565.0 376.6 320.2 244.8 188.3 94.2
722.1 1444.1 1444.1 412.7 619.2 38.0 38.0 38.0 46.3 46.3 44.4 44.4 44.4 29.4 39.5
Rep. Mode S S S S S S F F F F F F S S S S S S S S S S S F F F F F F S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
MMAX Mn 0.58 0.45 0.70 0.48 0.79 0.69 0.92 1.01 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.13 0.41 0.43 0.35 0.39 0.93 0.51 0.38 0.35 0.37 0.60 0.69 0.93 0.99 0.97 1.04 1.02 0.86 0.39
0.71 0.76 0.34 0.48 0.73 0.56 0.56 0.64 0.49 0.44 0.47 0.47 1.15 0.86
Vu (kN) 44.5 46.7 80.1 64.1 122.3 213.5 16.7 24.5 26.7 31.1 36.0 82.3 54.3 75.6 68.9 89.0 246.9 45.4 44.5 45.4 56.9 106.8 244.6 15.6 22.2 24.0 30.2 34.2 57.8
402.0 382.0 102.0 72.7 68.4 849.0 654.0 642.0 588.0 430.0 369.0 387.0 375.0 221.0 140.0
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 2.48 S 1.19 S 1.18 2.60 S 1.13 S 1.19 4.46 C 1.66 S 1.99 3.57 C 0.97 S 1.52 6.81 C 1.45 S 2.76 11.89 C 0.97
C 0.98 0.91 F F 1.33 S F 1.45 F F 1.69 F F 1.96 F F 4.48 F F 3.48 S 1.15 S 1.41 4.85 C 1.28 S 1.76 4.43 C 0.95 S 1.52 5.71 C 0.90 S 1.77 15.85 C 1.96 S 4.53 2.60 S 1.07
S 1.19 2.55 S 0.96 S 1.10 2.60 C 0.88 S 1.08 3.26 C 0.81 S 1.28 6.11 C 1.18 S 2.23 14.00 C 1.03 C 1.13 0.87 F F 1.25 F F 1.35 F F 1.69 F F 1.92 F F 3.24 F F 0.77 S 0.91 S
0.40 0.75 S 1.15 F 0.39 0.83 S 1.02 F 0.43 2.05 S 1.31 S 1.03 1.98 S 1.48 S 1.01 10.73 C 1.03 C 1.65 7.81 C 0.72 C 1.14 8.37 C 0.82 C 1.33 6.74 C 1.06 C 1.27 5.68 C 0.98
C 1.23 4.64 C 1.36 C 1.33 4.88 C 1.44 C 1.41 5.01 C 1.55 C 1.54 14.91 F C 9.29 C 1.49 C 1.21
Author Ref and Notes # 1395 Regan and 63 1396 Rezai-Jorabi 1397 1398 1399 1400 1401 1402 1403 1404 1405 1406 1407 1408 1409 1410 1411 1412 1413 1414
1415 1416 1417 1418 Johnson & Ramirez 64 1419 Shioya (all) 65 1420 66 1421 Yield strength 1422 adjusted for 1423 midspans with 1424 bar cutoffs 1425
1426 1427 1428 1429 1430 1431 1432 1433 suspect result 1434 1435 1436 1437 1438 1439 Adebar and 67 1440 Collins 1441 1442 1443 1444
Year Beam Name 1988 1 1988 2 1988 3 1988 4 1988 5 1988 6 1988 10 1988 11 1988 12 1988 13 1988 14 1988 15 1988 16 1988 17 1988 18 1988 19 1988 20 1988
22 1988 23 1988 24 1988 26 1988 16R 1988 17R 1989 6 1989 S3: No. 1 1989 S3: No. 2 1989 S3: No. 3 1989 S3: No. 4 1989 S3: No. 5 1989 S3: No. 6 1989 S3: No. 7
1989 S4: No. 1 1989 S4: No. 2 1989 S4: No. 3 1989 S4: No. 4 1989 S4: No. 5 1989 S4: No. 6 1989 UB-6-1.3-0 1989 UB-8-0.7-0 1989 UB-8-1.3-0 1989 UB-8-2.0-0
1989 UB-10-1.3-0 1989 with cuttoff 1989 w/o cutoff 1989 ST1 1989 ST2 1989 ST3 1989 ST16 1989 ST17 1989 ST23
bw (mm) 400 600 800 400 600 800 400 400 600 600 800 800 800 1000 1000 1000 1000 1200 1200 1200 1200 800 1000 305 158 158 300 500 500
1000 1500 158 158 158 300 300 500 300 300 300 300 300 158 158 360 360 290 290 290 290
b (mm) 400 600 800 400 600 800 400 400 600 600 800 800 800 1000
Agree1000 1000 1000 1200 1200 1200 1200 800 1000 305 158 158 300 500 500 1000
& close
1500 158 158 158 300 300 500 300 300 300 300 300 158 158 360 360 290 290 290 290
h (mm) 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 610 120 220 655 1200 1200 2100 3140 120 220 220
655 655 1200 240 240 240 240 240 240 240 310 310 310 210 410 310
d (mm) 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 83 80 80 80 80 83 83 539 100 200 600 1000 1000 2000 3000 100 200 200 600 600 1000 200
200 200 200 200 200 200 278 278 278 178 378 278
a:M/V (mm) 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 550 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 350 450 450 1670 300 600 1800 3000 3000 6000
9000 300 600 600 1800 1800 3000 300 400 400 400 500 600 600 800 800 800 800 800 800
f c' ag fy Vu a:STM Load a/d Bear ρw A M Rep. MMAX (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) 450 P 5.42 100 1.66 37.8 10 670
266.4 S 1.11 62.5 450 P 5.42 100 1.58 37.8 10 670 279.9 S 1.12 85.0 450 P 5.42 100 1.54 37.8 10 670 287.1 S 1.08 97.5 450 P 5.42 100 1.66 28.1 10 670 266.4 S 1.04
54.5 450 P 5.42 100 1.58 28.1 10 670 279.9 S 1.17 80.0 450 P 5.42 100 1.54 28.1 10 670 287.1 S 1.24 96.5 450 P 5.42 100 1.66 33.4 20 670 266.4 S 0.96 52.5 450
P 5.42 100 1.66 33.4 20 670 266.4 S 1.00 55.0 450 P 5.42 100 1.58 33.4 20 670 279.9 S 1.04 76.0 450 P 5.42 100 1.58 33.4 20 670 279.9 S 1.09 79.5 450 P 5.42
100 1.54 31.0 20 670 287.1 S 1.12 92.5 550 P 6.63 100 1.54 30.8 20 670 365.4 S 1.15 85.0 450 P 5.42 100 1.54 31.2 20 670 287.1 S 1.31 108.0 450 P 5.42 100 1.51
31.0 20 670 292.8 S 1.03 90.0 450 P 5.42 100 1.51 31.2 20 670 292.8 S 1.37 120.0 450 P 5.42 100 1.51 29.0 20 670 292.8 S 1.35 111.0 450 P 5.42 100 1.51 30.8 20
670 292.8 S 1.41 122.5 450 P 5.63 100 1.64 37.0 20 670 282.0 S 1.28 121.5 450 P 5.63 100 1.64 35.4 20 670 282.0 S 1.37 125.0 450 P 5.63 100 1.64 38.6 20 670
282.0 S 1.52 150.0 350 P 4.38 100 1.64 29.7 20 670 205.8 S 1.76 137.5 450 P 5.42 100 1.54 31.2 20 670 287.1 S 1.41 116.5 450 P 5.42 100 1.51 31.0 20 670 292.8 S
1.57 137.5 1670 P 3.10 102 2.49 55.9 19 525 84.4 S 0.32 191.5 300 U2 3.00 20 0.41 X 20.6 10 880 271.6 F 1.05 14.7 600 U2 3.00 40 0.41 X 19.7 10 880 271.6 F 1.06
29.5 1800 U2 3.00 120 0.43 X 21.1 10 880 257.8 S 0.62 104.8 3000 U2 3.00 200 0.40 X 27.2 10 740 276.7 S 0.60 228.8 3000 U2 3.00 200 0.40 X 21.9 25 740
276.7 S 0.67 251.4 6000 U2 3.00 400 0.40 28.5 25 370 276.4 S 1.06 840.0 9000 U2 3.00 600 0.41 24.3 25 400 271.2 S 0.81 1575.0 300 U2 3.00 20 0.41 X 20.6
10 880 271.6 S 0.91 12.8 600 U2 3.00 40 0.41 X 28.5 1 880 271.6 S 0.98 28.3 600 U2 3.00 40 0.41 X 21.6 25 880 271.6 S 1.04 29.4 1800 U2 3.00 120 0.43 X 27.3
3 880 257.8 S 0.50 86.4 1800 U2 3.00 120 0.43 X 21.2 25 880 257.8 S 0.79 132.2 3000 U2 3.00 200 0.40 X 28.2 5 740 276.7 S 0.49 186.5 300 U2 1.50 40 1.33
23.5 5 353 94.2 S 0.73 80.4 400 U2 2.00 40 0.66 22.8 5 353 175.9 S 1.31 64.8 400 U2 2.00 40 1.33 22.7 5 353 87.9 S 0.91 84.6 400 U2 2.00 40 1.99 22.9 5 353
58.6 S 0.79 102.6 500 U2 2.50 40 1.33 20.1 5 353 84.8 S 0.84 64.8 600 U2 3.00 40 1.62 X 23.5 10 880 67.9 S 0.61 49.1 600 U2 3.00 40 1.62 23.5 10 440 67.9 S
1.08 55.6 1600 P 2.88 10 1.57 52.5 19 536 119.7 S 0.48 127.5 1600 P 2.88 10 1.57 52.5 19 536 119.7 S 0.45 118.7 1600 P 2.88 10 1.95 49.3 19 536 96.4 S 0.42 107.7
1600 P 4.49 10 3.04 51.5 19 536 114.9 S 0.49 75.1 1600 P 2.12 10 1.37 51.5 19 536 81.6 S 0.34 118.9 1600 P 2.88 10 0.99 58.9 19 536 189.2 S 0.64 89.9
33
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 3.69 S S 3.34 S S 2.88 S 1.41 S 1.43 3.73 S 1.68 S 1.82 3.65 S S 3.30 S S 3.29 S 1.51 S 1.62 3.45 S 1.58 S
1.70 3.18 S 1.48 S 1.57 3.33 S 1.55 S 1.64 3.01 S S 2.78 S S 3.51 S S 2.35 S 1.10 S 1.16 3.12 S S 2.99 S S 3.20 S S 2.51 F F 2.64 F F 3.03 F F 3.16 F F 3.78 S S 3.58 S S
1.88 S 0.84 S 0.84 2.47 S S 2.54 S S 1.53 S 1.00 S 0.74 1.06 S 0.87 F 0.52 1.29 S 0.89 F 0.63 0.95 F 0.86 F 0.46 0.85 S 0.90 F 0.42 2.15 S 1.08 S 1.04 2.02 S 1.23 S
0.99 2.41 S 1.25 S 1.17 1.11 S 0.84 S 0.54 1.92 S 1.13 S 0.93 0.85 S 0.76 F 0.41 3.33 C 0.94 C 0.74 2.72 F F 3.56 S 1.37 S 1.49 4.30 S 1.49 S 1.63 2.90 S 1.09 S 1.19 3.86
S 1.35 S 1.53 4.37 S 1.53 S 1.73 2.12 S 0.94 S 0.99 1.97 S 0.87 S 0.92 2.29 S 0.94 S 1.04 2.44 S 0.96 S 1.13 1.82 S 0.80 S 0.81 1.75 S 0.93 S 0.86
Author Ref Year Beam and Notes # Name 1445 Thorenfeldt, Drangs 68 1990 B11 1446 1990 B12 1447 1990 B13 1448 1990 B14 1449 1990 B15 1450 1990
B21 1451 1990 B22 1452 1990 B23 1453 1990 B24 1454 1990 B25 1455 1990 B43 1456 1990 B44 1457 1990 B45 1458 1990 B51 1459 1990 B52 1460 1990 B53
1461 1990 B54 1462 (typo in paper) 1990 B55 1463 1990 B61 1464 1990 B61R 1465 1990 B62 1466 1990 B63 1467 1990 B63R 1468 1990 B64 1469 1990 B65
1470 1990 B65R 1471 Bazant and 69 1991 BK2.1 1472 Kazemi 1991 BK2.2 1473 1991 BK2.3 1474 1991 BK3.1 1475 1991 BK3.2 1476 1991 BK3.3 1477 1991 BK4.1
1478 1991 BK4.2 1479 1991 BK4.3 1480 1991 BK2.1_2 1481 1991 BK2.2_2 1482 1991 BK2.3_2 1483 1991 BK3.1_2 1484 1991 BK3.2_2 1485 1991 BK3.3_2 1486 1991
BK4.1_2 1487 1991 BK4.2_2 1488 1991 BK4.3_2 1489 Remmel (1991) 70 1991 s1_2 1490 1991 s1_4 1491 1991 s1_5
bw (mm) 150 151 152 153 154 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
38 38 38 38 38 38 150 150 150
b (mm) 150 151 152 153 154 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38 38
38 38 38 38 38 150 150 150
h (mm) 250 251 252 253 254 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 51 51 51 102 102 102 203 203 203
51 51 51 102 102 102 203 203 203 200 200 200
d (mm) 221 221 207 207 207 221 221 207 207 207 207 207 207 221 221 207 207 207 442 442 442 414 414 414 414 414 41 41 41 83 83 83 165 165 165 41 41 41
83 83 83 165 165 165 165 160 160
a:M/V (mm) 663 508 828 621 476 663 508 828 621 476 828 621 476 663 508 828 621 476 1326 1326 1017 1656 1656 1242 952 952 124 124 124 248 248 248
495 495 495 124 124 124 248 248 248 495 495 495 505 640 490
f c' ag fy Vu a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A M Rep. MMAX (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) 663 P 3.00 25 1.82 54.0 16 500
109.9 S 0.64 58.1 508 P 2.30 25 1.82 54.0 16 500 71.4 S 0.60 70.8 828 P 4.00 25 3.24 54.0 16 500 92.7 S 0.67 70.5 621 P 3.00 25 3.24 54.0 16 500 61.8 S 0.59
82.6 476 P 2.30 25 3.24 54.0 16 500 40.2 S 0.58 107.1 663 P 3.00 25 1.82 77.8 16 500 109.9 S 0.73 67.9 508 P 2.30 25 1.82 77.8 16 500 71.4 S 0.84 102.7 828 P
4.00 25 3.24 77.8 16 500 92.7 S 0.71 77.8 621 P 3.00 25 3.24 77.8 16 500 61.8 S 0.56 82.6 476 P 2.30 25 3.24 77.8 16 500 40.2 S 0.92 175.8 828 P 4.00 25 3.24
86.4 16 500 92.7 S 0.77 86.2 621 P 3.00 25 3.24 86.4 16 500 61.8 S 0.72 107.2 476 P 2.30 25 3.24 86.4 16 500 40.2 S 0.76 148.3 663 P 3.00 25 1.82 97.7 16 500
109.9 S 0.59 56.2 508 P 2.30 25 1.82 97.7 16 500 71.4 S 0.63 77.7 828 P 4.00 25 3.24 97.7 16 500 92.7 S 0.68 76.8 621 P 3.00 25 3.24 97.7 16 500 61.8 S 0.51
77.7 476 P 2.30 25 3.24 97.7 16 500 40.2 S 0.79 156.1 1326 P 3.00 25 1.82 77.8 16 500 109.9 S 0.48 179.8 1326 P 3.00 25 1.82 77.8 16 500 109.9 S 0.48 180.3 1017
P 2.30 25 1.82 77.8 16 500 71.4 S 0.90 438.7 1656 P 4.00 25 3.24 77.8 16 500 92.7 S 0.50 222.5 1656 P 4.00 25 3.24 77.8 16 500 92.7 S 0.52 229.4 1242 P 3.00
25 3.24 77.8 16 500 61.8 S 0.48 280.7 952 P 2.30 25 3.24 77.8 16 500 40.2 S 0.75 576.3 952 P 2.30 25 3.24 77.8 16 500 40.2 S 0.93 710.3 124 P 3.00 10 1.62 46.2
5 690 123.5 S 0.59 2.9 124 P 3.00 10 1.62 46.2 5 690 123.5 S 0.54 2.7 124 P 3.00 10 1.62 46.2 5 690 123.5 S 0.64 3.2 248 P 3.00 10 1.62 46.2 5 690 123.5 S 0.54
5.4 248 P 3.00 10 1.62 46.2 5 690 123.5 S 0.50 5.0 248 P 3.00 10 1.62 46.2 5 690 123.5 S 0.44 4.5 495 P 3.00 10 1.62 46.2 5 690 123.5 S 0.37 7.3 495 P 3.00 10
1.62 46.2 5 690 123.5 S 0.42 8.4 495 P 3.00 10 1.62 46.2 5 690 123.5 S 0.41 8.3 124 P 3.00 10 1.65 46.8 5 690 121.2 S 0.64 3.2 124 P 3.00 10 1.65 46.8 5 690 121.2
S 0.58 3.0 124 P 3.00 10 1.65 46.8 5 690 121.2 S 0.61 3.1 248 P 3.00 10 1.65 46.8 5 690 121.2 S 0.54 5.5 248 P 3.00 10 1.65 46.8 5 690 121.2 S 0.55 5.6 248 P 3.00
10 1.65 46.8 5 690 121.2 S 0.51 5.2 495 P 3.00 10 1.65 46.8 5 690 121.2 S 0.44 9.1 495 P 3.00 10 1.65 46.8 5 690 121.2 S 0.48 9.8 495 P 3.00 10 1.65 46.8 5 690
121.2 S 0.50 10.1 505 P 3.06 10 1.87 85.1 16 523 110.4 S 0.65 48.0 640 P 4.00 10 4.09 84.5 16 474 73.3 S 0.57 57.6 490 P 3.06 10 4.09 84.5 16 474 50.4 S 0.46
60.2
Agree & close
34
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 2.87 S 1.22 S 1.33 3.48 S 1.35 S 1.51 3.67 S 1.41 S 1.66 4.28 S 1.50 S 1.81 5.51 C 1.40 S 2.11 2.97 S 1.46 S
1.41 4.49 C 1.53 S 2.01 3.63 S 1.61 S 1.69 3.86 C 1.49 S 1.69 8.21 C 1.86 S 3.30 4.02 S 1.79 S 1.88 5.00 C 1.89 S 2.21 6.92 C 1.53 S 2.82 2.46 S 1.21 S 1.17 3.40 C 1.13 S
1.55 3.59 S 1.59 S 1.69 3.63 C 1.37 S 1.62 7.29 C 1.62 S 3.01 1.97 S 1.16 S 0.93 1.97 S 1.16 S 0.93 4.80 C 1.73 S 2.15 2.60 S 1.38 S 1.21 2.68 S 1.42 S 1.24 3.28 C 1.30 S
1.44 6.73 C 1.58 S 2.71 8.29 C 1.95 S 3.34 3.32 S 1.30 S 1.55 3.04 S 1.19 S 1.42 3.60 S 1.41 S 1.67 3.06 S 1.24 S 1.42 2.84 S 1.16 S 1.32 2.52 S 1.02 S 1.17 2.07 S 0.90 S
2.74 S 1.19 S 1.28 2.84 S 1.24 S 1.32 2.81 C 1.27 S 1.34 3.48 S 1.38 S 1.58 3.64 C 1.24 S 1.55
bw Author Ref Year Beam and Notes # Name (mm) 1492 Tan, K.H., Murugap 71 1993 1 60 1493 Tan, K.H., and Man 72 1992 S13 150 1494 1992 S14 150
1495 Xie et al 73 1994 NNN-1 127 1496 1994 NNN-2 127 1497 1994 NNN-3 127 1498 1994 NHN-1 127 1499 1994 NHN-2 127 1500 1994 NHN-3 127 1501
Walraven & Lehwa 74 1994 A1 200 1502 1994 A2 200 1503 1994 A3 200 1504 1994 V011 250 1505 1994 V012 250 1506 1994 V013 250 1507 1994 V014 250
1508 1994 V021 250 1509 1994 V023 250 1510 1994 V024 250 1511 1994 V031 250 1512 1994 V032 250 1513 1994 V033 250 1514 1994 V034 250 1515 1994 V711
250 1516 1994 V022 250 1517 1994 V511 250 1518 1994 V411 250 1519 1994 V211 250 1520 Hallgren 75 1994 B90SB13-2-8 163 1521 1994 B90SB14-2-8 158 1522
1994 B90SB22-2-8 158 1523 1994 B91SC2-2-62 155 1524 1994 B91SC4-2-69 156 1525 1994 B90SB17-2-4 157 1526 1994 B90SB18-2-4 155 1527 1994 B90SB21-
2-8 155 1528 1994 B91SC1-2-62 156 1529 1994 B91SD1-4-61 156 1530 1994 B91SD2-4-61 156 1531 1994 B91SD3-4-66 156 1532 1994 B91SD4-4-66 155 1533 1994
B91SD5-4-58 156 1534 1994 B91SD6-4-58 150 1535 1994 B90SB5-2-33 156 1536 1994 B90SB6-2-33 156 1537 1994 B90SB9-2-31 156 1538 1994 B90SB10-2-3
157 1539 Scholz 76 1994 A-2 200 1540 1994 D-2 200 1541 1994 D-3 200
b (mm) 140 150 150 127 127 127 127 127 127 200 200 200 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 163 158 158 155 156 157 155
155 156 156 156 156 155 156 150 156 156 156 157 200 200 200
h (mm) 375 400 400 254 254 254 254 254 254 150 450 750 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 200 400 600 800 1000 233 235 234 237
236 232 235 235 234 247 248 248 248 249 249 232 235 233 234 400 400 400
d (mm) 290 350 350 216 216 216 216 216 216 125 420 720 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 160 360 560 740 930 192 194 193 196 195 191 194
194 193 194 195 195 195 196 196 191 194 192 193 372 362 362
a:M/V (mm) 580 525 700 216 432 648 216 432 648 375 1260 2160 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 360 160 360 560 740 930 700 700 700 700
700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 700 1116 1086 1448
2.00 140 0.34 30.6 20 1480 216 P 1.00 15 2.07 47.0 19 421 432 P 2.00 15 2.07 41.4 19 421 648 P 3.00 15 2.07 39.7 19 421 216 P 1.00 15 2.07 103.8 19 421 432 P
2.00 15 2.07 103.4 19 421 648 P 3.00 15 2.07 104.2 19 421 375 P 3.00 31 0.83 22.9 16 440 1260 P 3.00 84 0.74 22.9 16 440 2160 P 3.00 144 0.79 23.2 16 440
360 P 1.00 90 1.13 16.1 8 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13 21.8 8 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13 22.1 8 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13 24.3 8 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13 13.9 16 420 360 P 1.00
90 1.13 20.1 16 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13 25.2 16 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13 20.0 32 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13 18.2 32 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13 19.8 32 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13
26.4 32 420 160 P 1.00 40 1.52 18.1 16 420 360 P 1.00 90 1.13 19.9 16 420 560 P 1.00 140 1.12 19.8 16 420 740 P 1.00 185 1.10 19.4 16 420 930 P 1.00 233 1.08 20.0
16 420 700 P 3.65 10 2.17 86.2 18 630 700 P 3.61 10 2.21 86.2 18 630 700 P 3.63 10 2.22 84.6 18 630 700 P 3.57 10 2.23 61.8 18 443 700 P 3.59 10 2.23 69.1 18
443 700 P 3.66 10 2.26 44.9 18 630 700 P 3.61 10 2.25 44.9 18 630 700 P 3.61 10 2.25 84.6 18 630 700 P 3.63 10 2.25 61.8 18 443 700 P 3.61 10 3.98 60.8 18
494 700 P 3.59 10 3.96 60.8 18 494 700 P 3.59 10 3.96 65.7 18 494 700 P 3.59 10 3.99 65.7 18 494 700 P 3.57 10 3.94 58.3 18 494 700 P 3.57 10 4.10 58.3 18
494 700 P 3.66 10 2.28 32.8 18 651 700 P 3.61 10 2.24 32.8 18 651 700 P 3.65 10 2.26 31.1 18 651 700 P 3.63 10 2.20 31.1 18 651 1116 P 3.00 10 0.81 80.6 16 500
1086 P 3.00 10 1.94 96.8 16 500 1448 P 4.00 10 1.94 96.8 16 500
35
M ρVd 21.8 223.7 298.3 24.2 48.3 96.6 24.2 48.3 96.6 241.2 270.1 252.5 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 44.1 33.0 44.1 44.6 45.3 46.3 122.1 117.9
118.2 115.2 116.2 117.9 115.7 115.7 116.7 65.5 65.3 65.3 64.9 65.2 62.7 117.1 116.4 116.9 119.4 246.7 102.9 154.3
Rep. Mode S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
MMAX Mn 0.41 0.97 0.53 0.73 0.54 0.53 1.06 0.90 0.60 1.14 0.84 0.66 0.64 0.86 0.92 1.12 0.64 0.94 1.04 0.88 0.88 0.67 1.14 0.96 0.73 0.62 0.50 0.55 0.78 0.71
0.71 0.91 0.97 0.62 0.65 0.65 0.95 0.66 0.67 0.60 0.58 0.58 0.62 0.63 0.59 0.56 0.61 0.85 0.55 0.73
Vu (kN) 63.2 159.0 62.0 155.7 56.6 36.7 241.5 101.6 45.7 31.5 70.6 100.8 226.0 322.0 344.0 425.0 220.0 347.0 396.0 323.0 318.0 246.0 437.0 165.0 270.0 350.0
365.0 505.0 82.5 76.5 75.5 69.5 74.0 59.0 63.0 69.0 71.0 88.5 90.0 81.5 79.0 78.0 82.5 56.0 53.5 49.0 53.5 83.0 121.0 121.0
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 7.63 C 1.34 C 0.94 4.92 C 1.17 F 0.47 2.57 C 1.10 S 1.27 9.98 C 1.01 C 1.14 3.87 C 1.09 S 1.51 2.56 S 0.98
S 1.14 12.77 F 1.05 F 0.99 5.37 C 1.17 S 2.31 2.42 S 1.14 S 1.15 3.17 S S 2.11 S 1.16 S 1.03 1.75 S 1.06 S 0.85 7.54 C 1.13 C 1.35 9.23 C 1.25 C 1.42 9.79 C 1.33 C 1.50 11.54 C
C 7.90 C 1.24 C 1.52 10.36 C 1.44 C 1.66 10.55 C 1.38 C 1.51 9.66 C 1.35 C 1.55 9.97 C 1.43 C 1.68 7.40 C 1.03 C 1.20 11.38 C C 11.68 C 1.29 C 1.25 8.10 C 1.13 C 1.31 6.77
C 1.09 C 1.31 5.39 C 0.84 C 1.01 5.85 C 0.93 C 1.11 3.82 S 1.85 S 1.83 3.62 S 1.73 S 1.73 3.59 S 1.72 S 1.72 3.50 S 1.49 S 1.65 3.53 S 1.65 S 1.67 3.54 S 1.41 S 1.63 3.77 S
1.50 S 1.74 3.33 S 1.58 S 1.59 3.61 S 1.54 S 1.70 4.52 S 1.59 S 1.96 4.57 S 1.61 S 1.98 3.98 S 1.48 S 1.74 3.88 S 1.44 S 1.69 4.02 S 1.41 S 1.74 4.43 S 1.53 S 1.90 3.95 S
1.50 S 1.79 3.72 S 1.41 S 1.68 3.53 S 1.33 S 1.59 3.81 S 1.45 S 1.72 1.62 S 1.19 F 0.81 2.42 S 1.32 S 1.15 2.42 S 1.45 S 1.19
Author Ref Year and Notes # 1542 Kim, J.-K., and Par 77 1994 1543 1994 1544 1994 1545 1994 1546 1994 1547 1994 1548 1994 1549 1994 1550 1994 1551
1994 1552 1994 1553 1994 1554 1994 1555 1994 1556 1994 1557 1994 1558 1994 1559 1994 1560 1994 1561 1994 1562 Matsui, Y., Kurihara 78 1995 1563 1995
1564 1995 1565 1995 1566 1995 1567 1995 1568 1995 1569 1995 1570 1995 1571 1995 1572 1995 1573 1995 1574 1995 1575 1995 1576 1995 1577 1995 1578 1995 1579
1995 1580 1995 1581 1995 1582 Yoon, Cook, Mithce 79 1996 1583 1996 1584 1996 1585 Hallgren 80 1996 1586 1996 1587 1996 1588 Tan et al 81 1997 1589 take
cylinder as 1997 1590 0.8fc-cube 1997
Beam Name CTL-1 CTL-2 P1.0-1 P1.0-2 P3.4-1 P3.4-2 P4.6-1 P4.6-2 A1.5-1 A1.5-2 A4.5-1 A4.5-2 A6.0-1 A6.0-2 D142-1 D142-2 D550-1 D550-2 D915-1 D915-2 A1
A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 D1 D2 E1 E2 F1 F2 L1 L2 M1 M2 N1 N2 S1 S2 N1-S M1-S H1-S B3 B5 B7 I-1/0.75 II-1/1.00 III-1/1.50
Agree & close
bw (mm) 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 300 300 300 300 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 100 375 375 375 262 283 337 110 110 110
b (mm) 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 170 300 300 300 300 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
100 100 100 100 375 375 375 262 283 337 110 110 110
h (mm) 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 170 170 620 620 1000 1000 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 180 260
260 260 260 260 260 360 360 750 750 750 240 240 240 500 500 500
d (mm) 270 270 272 272 267 267 255 255 270 270 270 270 270 270 142 142 550 550 915 915 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 225 225 225 225
225 225 360 360 655 655 655 208 211 208 443 443 443
a:M/V (mm) 810 810 816 816 801 801 765 765 405 405 1215 1215 1620 1620 426 426 1650 1650 2745 2745 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450 450
450 675 675 788 788 900 900 1080 1080 2113 2113 2113 550 550 550 375 500 750
816 P 3.00 10 1.01 53.7 25 477 197.6 S 0.83 58.3 2.07 S 1.07 S 1.01 816 P 3.00 10 1.01 53.7 25 477 197.6 S 0.80 56.4 2.00 S 1.04 S 0.98 801 P 3.00 10 3.35 53.7 25
477 59.7 S 0.39 78.1 2.83 S 0.99 S 1.19 801 P 3.00 10 3.35 53.7 25 477 59.7 S 0.39 78.5 2.84 S 0.99 S 1.20 765 P 3.00 10 4.68 53.7 25 477 42.8 S 0.37 89.7 3.40 S
1.08 S 1.33 765 P 3.00 10 4.68 53.7 25 477 42.8 S 0.39 95.4 3.62 S 1.15 S 1.41 405 P 1.50 10 1.87 53.7 25 477 40.0 S 0.86 212.5 7.61 C 1.77 C 1.52 405 P 1.50 10 1.87
53.7 25 477 40.0 S 0.87 215.3 7.71 C 1.79 C 1.54 1215 P 4.50 10 1.87 53.7 25 477 186.8 S 0.81 66.6 2.38 S 1.14 S 1.16 1215 P 4.50 10 1.87 53.7 25 477 186.8 S 0.78
63.8 2.28 S 1.10 S 1.11 1620 P 6.00 10 1.87 53.7 25 477 266.9 S 0.96 59.2 2.12 S 1.13 S 1.06 1620 P 6.00 10 1.87 53.7 25 477 266.9 S 0.99 61.0 2.19 S 1.17 S 1.09 426
P 3.00 10 1.87 53.7 25 477 106.8 S 0.63 41.0 2.79 S 1.10 S 1.29 426 P 3.00 10 1.87 53.7 25 477 106.8 S 0.61 39.3 2.68 S 1.05 S 1.24 1650 P 3.00 10 1.88 53.7 25 477
106.6 S 0.51 226.1 2.25 S 1.05 S 1.04 1650 P 3.00 10 1.88 53.7 25 477 106.6 S 0.48 214.5 2.14 S 0.99 S 0.99 2745 P 3.00 10 1.87 53.7 25 477 106.8 S 0.37 271.8 1.63
S 0.86 S 0.75 2745 P 3.00 10 1.87 53.7 25 477 106.8 S 0.45 332.1 1.99 S 1.05 S 0.92 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 32.4 19 367 75.5 S 0.69 27.5 3.88 S 1.29 S 1.63 450 P 3.00
10 2.65 32.4 19 367 75.5 S 0.80 31.9 4.50 S 1.49 S 1.89 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 38.4 19 367 75.5 S 0.71 29.3 3.80 S 1.29 S 1.62 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 38.4 19 367 75.5 S
0.74 30.7 3.98 S 1.35 S 1.70 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 48.7 19 367 75.5 S 0.69 29.6 3.41 S 1.20 S 1.49 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 48.7 19 367 75.5 S 0.75 32.3 3.71 S 1.31 S 1.62
450 P 3.00 10 2.65 70.9 19 367 75.5 S 0.75 33.4 3.22 S 1.31 S 1.45 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 70.9 19 367 75.5 S 0.76 33.9 3.28 S 1.34 S 1.47 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 83.4 19
367 75.5 S 0.84 38.3 3.70 S 1.51 S 1.68 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 83.4 19 367 75.5 S 0.94 42.5 4.11 S 1.67 S 1.87 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 127.5 19 367 75.5 S 0.74 34.4 3.33 S
1.36 S 1.55 450 P 3.00 10 2.65 127.5 19 367 75.5 S 1.04 48.1 4.65 S 1.89 S 2.17 675 P 3.00 10 2.55 124.5 19 403 78.4 S 0.95 69.7 4.49 S 1.99 S 2.10 675 P 3.00 10
2.55 124.5 19 403 78.4 S 0.58 42.5 2.74 S 1.22 S 1.28 788 P 3.50 10 2.55 124.5 19 403 98.0 S 0.69 43.4 2.79 S 1.30 S 1.34 788 P 3.50 10 2.55 124.5 19 403 98.0 S
0.70 43.8 2.82 S 1.32 S 1.35 900 P 4.00 10 2.55 124.5 19 403 117.6 S 0.75 41.3 2.66 S 1.30 S 1.29 900 P 4.00 10 2.55 124.5 19 403 117.6 S 0.71 38.8 2.50 S 1.22 S 1.22
1080 P 3.00 10 2.58 127.5 19 336 77.5 S 0.54 54.0 2.17 S 1.09 S 1.02 1080 P 3.00 10 2.58 127.5 19 336 77.5 S 0.83 83.1 3.35 S 1.67 S 1.57 2113 P 3.23 150 2.85 36.0
20 400 78.1 S 0.35 248.8 2.03 S 0.87 S 0.87 2113 P 3.23 150 2.85 67.0 10 400 78.1 S 0.38 295.8 1.77 S 1.01 S 0.80 2113 P 3.23 150 2.85 87.0 10 400 78.1 S 0.41
326.8 1.93 C 1.03 S 0.88 550 P 2.64 10 0.74 92.4 18 632 222.8 S 0.81 75.5 2.01 C 1.09 S 1.01 550 P 2.61 10 1.05 91.3 18 604 152.7 S 0.74 103.5 2.51 C 1.28 S 1.23 550
P 2.64 10 0.57 85.0 18 630 286.6 S 0.95 88.5 1.83 C 1.08 F 0.93 375 P 0.85 110 2.58 79.5 10 499 16.4 S 0.75 500.0 14.88 C 0.86 C 1.04 500 P 1.13 110 2.58 77.6 10
499 21.9 S 0.51 255.0 7.59 C 0.64 C 0.63 750 P 1.69 110 2.58 77.6 10 499 32.8 S 0.55 185.0 5.50 C 0.87 C 0.63
36
Author and Notes 1591 Konig, 1592 Grimm & 1593 Remmel 1594 1595 1596 1597 1598 1599 1600 1601 1602 1603 Kawano & 1604 Wantanabe 1605 1606
1607 1608 1609 1610 1611 Toronto BH 1612 1613 1614 Toronto BN 1615 1616 1617 1618 Yoshida 1619 Ghannoum 1620 1621 1622 1623 1624 1625 1626 1627 1628
1629 1630 1631 1632 1633 1634
Ref Year Beam # Name 82 1997 s1.1 1997 s4.1 1997 s2.3 1997 s3.3 1997 s1.2 1997 s4.2 1997 s2.2 1997 s3.2 1997 s1.3 1997 s4.3 1997 s2.4 1997 s3.4 83 1997 A1A
1997 A1B 1997 A2A 1997 A2B 1997 A3A 1997 A3B 1997 A4A 1997 A4B 84 1998 BH25 1998 BH50 1998 BH100 1998 BN12.5 1998 BN25 1998 BN50 1998
BN100 85 2000 YB2000/0 86 1998 N220-l 1998 N350-l 1998 N485-l 1998 N960-l 1998 N220-h 1998 N350-h 1998 N485-h 1998 N960-h 1998 H220-l 1998
H350-l 1998 H485-l 1998 H960-l 1998 H220-h 1998 H350-h 1998 H485-h 1998 H960-h
bw (mm) 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 105 105 176 176 350 350 600 600 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400
400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
b (mm) 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 105 105 176 176 350 350 600 600 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 400 400 400 400
400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400
h (mm) 200 200 400 800 200 200 400 800 200 200 400 800 330 330 570 570 1050 1050 2200 2200 250 500 1000 125 250 500 1000 2000 220 350 485
960 220 350 485 960 220 350 485 960 220 350 485 960
d (mm) 153 153 348 746 152 152 348 718 146 146 328 690 300 300 500 500 950 950 2000 2000 225 450 925 110 225 450 925 1890 190 313 440 889 190 313
440 889 190 313 440 889 190 313 440 889
a:M/V (mm) 570 570 1230 2630 570 570 1230 2556 570 570 1230 2630 900 900 1500 1500 2850 2850 6000 6000 664 1313 2663 326 664 1313 2663 5405
475 783 1100 2223 475 783 1100 2223 475 783 1100 2223 475 783 1100 2223
ag fy Vu f c' a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A M Rep. MMAX (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) 570 P 3.73 50 1.34 90.1 16 660
203.1 S 0.68 70.1 570 P 3.73 50 1.34 110.9 16 660 203.1 S 0.71 74.2 1230 P 3.53 70 0.94 93.7 16 469 269.5 S 0.97 123.1 2630 P 3.53 149 0.83 94.4 16 487 305.5 S
0.77 192.8 570 P 3.75 50 2.21 91.2 16 517 124.2 S 0.59 75.8 570 P 3.75 50 2.21 110.9 16 517 124.2 S 0.69 90.3 1230 P 3.53 100 1.88 91.3 16 469 135.0 S 0.76 187.1
2556 P 3.56 144 1.72 93.7 16 487 149.0 S 0.54 259.1 570 P 3.90 50 4.22 93.7 16 487 68.8 S 0.49 98.6 570 P 3.90 50 4.22 110.9 16 487 68.8 S 0.59 122.3 1230 P
3.75 66 3.76 94.1 16 487 73.1 S 0.54 229.8 2630 P 3.81 138 3.57 94.1 16 487 78.8 S 0.45 379.0 900 P 3.00 60 1.26 24.8 20 400 158.3 S 0.72 33.5 900 P 3.00 60
1.26 24.8 20 400 158.3 S 0.63 29.5 1500 P 3.00 100 1.36 27.3 20 400 147.4 S 0.59 82.5 1500 P 3.00 100 1.36 27.3 20 400 147.4 S 0.72 101.5 2850 P 3.00 190 1.22
20.7 20 400 164.0 S 0.46 216.0 2850 P 3.00 190 1.22 20.6 20 400 164.0 S 0.51 237.5 6000 P 3.00 400 1.20 22.2 40 400 167.2 S 0.37 610.5 6000 P 3.00 400
1.20 23.1 40 400 167.2 S 0.33 560.0 664 P 2.95 50 0.89 99.0 10 437 219.3 S 0.98 85.0 1313 P 2.92 150 0.81 99.0 10 486 235.2 S 0.74 131.9 2663 P 2.88 150 0.76
99.0 10 550 248.2 S 0.49 193.1 326 P 2.96 50 0.91 37.0 10 458 215.5 S 0.92 40.1 664 P 2.95 50 0.89 37.0 10 437 219.3 S 0.87 72.9 1313 P 2.92 150 0.81 37.0 10
486 235.2 S 0.77 131.6 2663 P 2.88 150 0.76 37.0 10 550 248.2 S 0.51 191.7 5405 P 2.86 150 0.74 33.6 10 455 251.1 S 0.41 257.7 475 P 2.50 100 1.20 34.2 20 433
125.0 S 0.72 103.6 783 P 2.50 100 1.20 34.2 20 477 125.0 S 0.61 157.9 1100 P 2.50 100 1.20 34.2 20 385 125.0 S 0.62 186.8 2223 P 2.50 100 1.20 34.2 20 385 125.0
S 0.60 360.2 475 P 2.50 100 2.00 34.2 20 433 75.0 S 0.55 122.7 783 P 2.50 100 &
Agree 2.00 34.2 20 477 75.0 S 0.45 178.4 1100 P 2.50 100 2.00 34.2 20 385 75.0 S
close
0.46 214.6 2223 P 2.50 100 2.00 34.2 20 385 75.0 S 0.40 379.7 475 P 2.50 100 1.20 58.6 10 433 125.0 S 0.71 105.8 783 P 2.50 100 1.20 58.6 10 477 125.0 S 0.58
157.1 1100 P 2.50 100 1.20 58.6 10 385 125.0 S 0.64 197.7 2223 P 2.50 100 1.20 58.6 10 385 125.0 S 0.50 310.4 475 P 2.50 100 2.00 58.6 10 433 75.0 S 0.56 135.3
783 P 2.50 100 2.00 58.6 10 477 75.0 S 0.44 189.5 1100 P 2.50 100 2.00 58.6 10 385 75.0 S 0.40 198.2 2223 P 2.50 100 2.00 58.6 10 385 75.0 S 0.33 331.1
37
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 2.21 C 1.21 S 1.10 2.34 C 1.28 S 1.17 1.71 S 1.25 F 0.86 1.25 S 1.22 F 0.63 2.41 S 1.12 S 1.16 2.87 S 1.34 S
2.66 S 1.24 S 1.23 1.72 S 0.94 S 0.79 1.90 S 1.04 S 0.87 1.30 S 0.91 S 0.60 1.17 S 0.82 S 0.54 1.83 S 1.15 F 0.92 1.42 C 0.88 F 0.71 1.01 C 0.83 S 0.51 2.41 S 1.15 S 1.17
2.14 S 1.11 S 1.04 1.93 S 1.17 S 0.94 1.37 S 1.04 S 0.67 0.94 S 0.96 S 0.46 2.81 S 1.15 S 1.29 2.60 S 1.13 S 1.19 2.19 S 1.01 S 1.00 2.09 S 1.14 S 0.96 3.33 S 1.17 S 1.40 2.93
S 1.09 S 1.24 2.51 S 0.99 S 1.06 2.20 S 1.05 S 0.93 2.19 C 0.79 S 1.03 1.97 C 0.90 S 0.93 1.77 C 0.93 S 0.83 1.37 S 0.91 S 0.65 2.80 C 0.89 S 1.24 2.38 C 0.96 S 1.05
1.77 S 0.81 S 0.78 1.46 S 0.84 S 0.65
Author and Notes 1635 Islam M.S., Pam H 1636 1637 1638 1639 1640 1641 1642 1643 1644 1645 1646 1647 1648 1649 1650 1651 1652 1653 1654 1655 1656 1657
1658 1659 (suspect result) 1660 Kulkarni and Shah 1661 1662 1663 Shin et al 1664 1665 1666 1667 1668 1669 Tan and Lu 1670 1671 1672 Kuchma & 1673
Collins 1674 1675 correct 1676 cutoffs 1677 13% up 1678 1679 1680 1681 1682 1683 1684 1685 1686 UDL
Ref Year Beam # Name 87 1998 M100-S0 1998 M100-S1 1998 M100-S2 1998 M100-S3 1998 M100-S4 1998 M80-S0 1998 M80-S1 1998 M80-S2 1998 M80-
S3 1998 M80-S4 1998 M60-S0 1998 M60-S1 1998 M60-S2 1998 M60-S3 1998 M60-S4 1998 M40-S0 1998 M40-S1 1998 M40-S2 1998 M40-S3 1998 M40-
S4 1998 M25-S0 1998 M25-S1 1998 M25-S2 1998 M25-S3 1998 M25-S4 88 1998 B4JL20-S 1998 B3NO15-S 1998 B3NO30-S 89 1999 MHB1.5-0 1999
MHB2.0-0 1999 MHB2.5-0 1999 HB1.5-0 1999 HB2.0-0 1999 HB2.5-0 90 1999 1-500/0.50 1999 1-500/0.75 1999 1-500/1.00 84 1999 SE100A/45 1999
SE100A/45R 1999 SE50A-45 1999 SE50A-45R 1999 SE100A-83 1999 SE50A-83 1999 B100 1999 B100R 1999 B100H 1999 B100B 1999 B100HE 1999 B100L
1999 B100L-R 1999 BRL100 1999 TTC
bw (mm) 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 102 102 102 125 125 125 125 125 125 140 140 140
295 295 169 169 295 169 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 960
b (mm) 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 150 102 102 102 125 125 125 125 125 125 140 140 140
295 295 169 169 295 169 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 960
h (mm) 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 178 178 178 250 250 250 250 250 250
500 500 500 1000 1000 500 500 1000 500 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 650
d (mm) 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 203 207 207 207 207 207 205 205 205 205 205 207 207 207 207 207 152 152 152 215 215 215 215 215 215 444
444 444 920 920 445 445 920 445 925 925 925 925 925 925 925 925 615
a:M/V (mm) 800 600 400 600 800 800 600 400 600 800 800 600 400 600 800 800 600 400 600 800 800 600 400 600 800 760 608 532 323 430
538 323 430 538 250 375 500 2300 2300 1200 1200 2300 1200 2700 2700 2700 2700 2700 2700 2700 2700 1092
800 P 1.97 10 3.22 83.3 10 532 30.1 S 0.56 131.1 6.24 S 2.26 S 2.35 800 P 2.96 10 3.22 83.3 10 532 60.7 S 0.62 96.9 4.61 S 1.87 S 2.03 800 P 3.94 10 3.22 83.3 10
532 91.2 S 0.69 80.7 3.84 S 1.70 S 1.79 800 P 3.94 10 3.22 72.2 10 532 91.2 S 0.51 58.0 2.76 S 1.22 S 1.27 800 P 2.96 10 3.22 72.2 10 532 60.7 S 0.77 117.3 5.59 S
2.26 S 2.43 800 P 1.97 10 3.22 72.2 10 532 30.1 S 0.54 123.0 5.86 S 2.12 S 2.16 800 P 2.96 10 3.22 72.2 10 532 60.7 S 0.76 115.4 5.50 S 2.22 S 2.39 800 P 3.94 10
3.22 72.2 10 532 91.2 S 0.63 72.1 3.43 S 1.51 S 1.58 800 P 3.86 10 2.02 50.8 10 554 141.6 S 0.58 45.5 2.48 S 1.11 S 1.18 800 P 2.90 10 2.02 50.8 10 554 93.8 S 0.88
92.3 5.02 S 2.05 S 2.27 800 P 1.93 10 2.02 50.8 10 554 46.1 S 0.66 103.8 5.65 S 2.03 S 2.23 800 P 2.90 10 2.02 50.8 10 554 93.8 S 0.87 90.4 4.92 S 2.01 S 2.23
800 P 3.86 10 2.02 50.8 10 554 141.6 S 0.66 51.9 2.82 S 1.27 S 1.34 800 P 3.90 10 3.19 34.4 10 320 90.9 S 0.83 55.0 3.67 S 1.35 S 1.60 800 P 2.93 10 3.19 34.4 10
320 60.4 S 0.96 84.6 5.65 S 1.91 S 2.27 800 P 1.95 10 3.22 34.4 10 320 29.5 S 0.72 96.1 6.42 S 1.96 S 2.07 800 P 2.93 10 3.19 34.4 10 320 60.4 S 0.91 80.7 5.39 S
1.83 S 2.17 800 P 3.90 10 3.19 34.4 10 320 90.9 S 1.16 76.9 5.13 S S 800 P 3.86 10 2.02 26.6 10 350 141.6 S 0.99 47.5 3.57 S 1.44 S 1.64 800 P 2.90 10 2.02 26.6 10
350 93.8 S 1.05 67.3 5.06 S 1.87 S 2.17 800 P 1.93 10 2.02 26.6 10 350 46.1 S 0.98 94.2 7.08 S 2.34 S 2.55 800 P 2.90 10 2.02 26.6 10 350 93.8 S 0.88 56.5 4.25 S
1.57 S 1.82 800 P 3.86 10 2.02 26.6 10 350 141.6 S 1.36 65.4 4.92 S S 760 P 5.00 10 1.38 40.6 10 518 290.1 S 0.98 19.5 2.38 S 1.25 S 1.18 608 P 4.00 10 1.38 41.6 10
518 217.6 S 0.91 22.7 2.73 S 1.32 S 1.33 532 P 3.50 10 1.38 43.6 10 518 181.3 S 0.85 24.2 2.85 S 1.33 S 1.38 323 P 1.50 10 3.77 52.0 13 414 19.9 S 0.49 112.9 7.01 C 1.11
C 1.00 430 P 2.00 10 3.77 52.0 13 414 26.5 S 0.51 87.9 5.46 C 1.38 S 1.83 538 P 2.50 10 3.77 52.0 13 414 39.8 S 0.41 56.4 3.51 S 1.14 S 1.34 323 P 1.50 10 3.77 73.0
13 414 19.9 S 0.58 142.2 7.67 C 1.06 C 0.93 430 P 2.00 10 3.77 73.0 13 414 26.5 S 0.54 99.4 5.37 C 1.18 S 1.91 538 P 2.50 10 3.77 73.0 13 414 39.8 S 0.55 80.4 4.34
C 1.45 S 1.73 250 P 0.56 140 2.57 49.1 10 520 10.9 S 0.69 850.0 23.50 C 1.06 C 1.59 375 P 0.84 140 2.57 42.5 10 520 16.4 S 0.87 700.0 20.80 C 1.42 C 1.75 500 P
1.13 140 2.57 37.4 10 520 21.9 S 0.98 570.0 18.06 C 1.84 C 1.94 4600 P 2.50 152 1.03 X 50.0 10 480 145.6 S 0.45 227.1 1.43 S 0.98 S 0.68 4600 P 2.50 152 1.03 X
50.0 10 480 145.6 S 0.53 266.7 1.67 S 1.15 S 0.80 2400 P 2.70 152 1.03 X 53.0 10 480 164.7 S 0.59 77.4 1.70 S 0.98 S 0.82 2400 P 2.70 152 1.03 X 53.0 10 480
164.7 S 0.70 91.0 2.00 S 1.15 S 0.97 4600 P 2.50 152 1.03 X 86.0 10 480 145.6 S 0.40 207.9 1.11 S 0.98 S 0.54 2400 P 2.70 152 1.03 X 86.0 10 480 164.7 S 0.62
82.5 1.59 S 1.09 S 0.78 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 36.0 10 550 190.0 S 0.47 225.0 1.63 S 1.13 S 0.78 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 36.0 10 550 190.0 S 0.52 249.0 1.80 S 1.25 S
0.86 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 98.0 10 550 190.0 S 0.38 193.0 1.01 C 0.79 S 0.50 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 39.0 10 550 190.2 S 0.42 204.0 1.42 S 0.99 S 0.68 2700 P 2.92
152 1.01 98.0 10 550 190.0 S 0.43 217.0 1.13 C 0.89 S 0.56 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 39.0 10 550 190.0 S 0.46 223.0 1.55 S 1.09 S 0.75 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 39.0 10 550
190.0 S 0.49 235.0 1.63 S 1.14 S 0.79 2700 P 2.92 152 0.51 94.0 10 550 380.0 S 0.63 163.0 0.85 C 0.82 F 0.44 1092 U2 1.78 110 0.51 X 45.0 10 490 235.4 S 0.88
505.0 1.54 C 1.03 F 0.43
Author Ref Year and Notes # 1687 Kim & Kim & White 91 1999 1688 1999 1689 1999 1690 1999 1691 1999 1692 Pendyala and 92 2000 1693 Mendis 2000
1694 2000 1695 2000 1696 2000 1697 2000 1698 Adebar June 2000 93 2000 1699 2000 1700 2000 1701 2000 1702 2000 1703 2000 1704 2000 1705
2000 1706 2000 1707 2000 1708 2000 1709 2000 1710 2000 1711 2000 1712 2000 1713 2000 1714 2000 1715 2000 1716 2000 1717 Angelakos 94 2001 1718
2001 1719 2001 1720 2001 1721 2001 1722 2001 1723 2001 1724 Cao 95 2001 1725 2001 1726 Oh and Shin 96 2001 1727 2001 1728 2001 1729 2001 1730 2001
1731 Yost, J. R., Gross, 97 2001 1732 2001 1733 2001 1734 Tureyen & Frosch 114 2002 1735 2002 1736 2002
Beam Name 1.5CNB 2CNB 2.5CNB 3CNB 4CNB inf(30)(2) inf(30)(5) inf(60)(2) inf(60)(5) inf(100)(2) inf(100)(5) DF-1 DF-2 DF-2R DF-3 DF-4 DF-5 DF-6
DF-7 DF-8 DF-8R DF-9 DF-10 DF-10R DF-11 DF-12 DF-13 DF-14 DF-15Agree DF-16 &
DB120
closeDB130 DB140 DB165 DB180 DB230 DB0.530 SB2003/0 SB2012/0
N4200 H4100 H4200 H4300 H4500 1Steel1 1Steelb 1Steelc V-S-1 V-S-2 V-D-2
bw (mm) 127 127 127 127 127 80 80 80 80 80 80 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 250 250 250 250 300 300 300 300
300 300 300 300 300 130 130 130 130 130 229 229 229 457 457 457
b (mm) 127 127 127 127 127 80 80 80 80 80 80 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 250 250 250 250 250 250 300 300 300 300 300
300 300 300 300 130 130 130 130 130 229 229 229 457 457 457
h (mm) 229 229 229 229 229 160 160 160 160 160 160 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090 1090
1090 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 2000 2000 560 560 560 560 560 286 286 286 427 427 427
d (mm) 191 191 191 191 191 140 140 140 140 140 140 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 996 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 962 1000
925 925 925 925 925 890 925 1925 1845 500 500 500 500 500 227 227 227 360 360 360
a:M/V (mm) 286 381 476 572 762 280 700 280 700 280 700 2330 2330 2330 2330 2330 2400 2200 2330 2330 2330 2330 2330 2330 2000 1500 1500 1750
1751 1430 2700 2700 2700 2700 2700 2700 2700 5400 5400 425 250 425 625 1000 914 914 914 1219 1219 1219
ag fy f c' Vu a:STM Load a/d Bear ρ A M Rep. MMAX β CSA CSA ACI ACI (mm) Type ratio (mm) (%) * (MPa) (mm) (MPa) ρVd Mode Mn (kN) (psi) Mode
Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 286 P 1.50 95 1.65 30.1 13 461 45.4 S 1.08 112.8 10.23 C 1.43 F 1.04 381 P 2.00 95 1.65 30.1 13 461 60.5 S 0.89 70.1 6.35 C 1.49 S 2.52
476 P 2.50 95 1.65 30.1 13 461 90.7 S 0.71 44.7 4.06 C 1.48 S 1.75 572 P 3.00 95 1.65 37.7 13 461 121.0 S 0.54 29.4 2.38 S 0.97 S 1.09 762 P 4.00 95 1.65 34.9 13
461 181.5 S 0.75 30.3 2.55 S 1.14 S 1.22 280 P 2.00 10 2.02 34.0 10 410 49.6 S 0.63 25.0 4.61 S 1.51 S 1.76 700 P 5.00 10 2.02 34.0 10 410 198.2 F 1.04 16.5 3.04 S S
280 P 2.00 10 2.02 63.0 10 410 49.6 S 0.73 31.0 4.20 C 1.20 S 1.73 700 P 5.00 10 2.02 63.0 10 410 198.2 F 0.94 16.0 2.17 S S 280 P 2.00 10 2.02 87.0 10 410 49.6
S 0.80 35.0 4.53 C 1.13 S 1.93 700 P 5.00 10 2.02 87.0 10 410 198.2 F 1.03 18.0 2.33 S S 2330 P 2.33 150 0.42 21.0 20 550 316.7 S 0.93 429.0 2.25 S 1.63 S 1.10
2330 P 2.33 150 0.42 18.4 20 550 316.7 S 0.69 315.0 1.77 S 1.25 S 0.86 2330 P 2.33 150 0.42 18.4 20 550 316.7 S 0.82 378.0 2.12 S 1.50 S 1.03 2330 P 2.33 150
0.42 18.4 20 550 316.7 S 0.72 329.0 1.85 S 1.30 S 0.90 2330 P 2.33 150 0.60 25.5 20 550 221.7 S 0.59 387.0 1.85 S 1.22 S 0.89 2400 P 2.41 150 0.66 25.5 20 550
213.6 S 0.55 381.0 1.82 S 1.18 S 0.87 2200 P 2.20 200 0.98 21.0 20 550 122.4 S 0.74 771.0 4.05 S 2.19 S 1.78 2330 P 2.33 150 0.98 20.6 20 550 135.7 S 0.44 435.0
2.31 S 1.27 S 1.03 2330 P 2.33 150 0.98 22.4 20 550 135.7 S 0.53 531.0 2.70 S 1.50 S 1.22 2330 P 2.33 150 0.98 22.4 20 550 135.7 S 0.58 579.0 2.95 S 1.64 S 1.33
2330 P 2.33 150 0.98 31.7 20 550 135.7 S 0.51 532.0 2.28 S 1.33 S 1.05 2330 P 2.33 150 0.98 31.7 20 550 135.7 S 0.50 524.0 2.24 S 1.31 S 1.03 2330 P 2.33 150 0.98
31.7 20 550 135.7 S 0.58 605.0 2.59 S 1.51 S 1.19 2000 P 2.00 150 0.84 19.5 20 550 119.0 S 0.66 330.0 3.60 S 1.96 C 1.38 1500 P 1.50 150 0.84 19.5 20 550 89.3 S
1.09 723.0 7.89 C 2.69 C 2.36 1500 P 1.50 150 0.84 20.3 20 550 89.3 S 0.82 550.0 5.88 C 1.98 C 1.72 1750 P 1.75 150 0.84 19.5 20 550 104.2 S 0.72 409.0 4.46 C
1.99 C 1.52 1751 P 1.82 150 1.75 20.3 20 550 52.0 S 0.36 330.0 3.67 C 1.24 C 0.96 1430 P 1.43 150 0.84 20.3 20 550 85.1 S 0.54 380.0 4.06 C 1.27 C 1.15 2700 P
2.92 152 1.01 21.0 10 550 190.2 S 0.40 179.0 1.69 S 1.08 S 0.79 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 32.0 10 550 190.2 S 0.39 185.0 1.42 S 0.96 S 0.68 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 38.0 10
550 190.2 S 0.37 180.0 1.27 S 0.88 S 0.61 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 65.0 10 550 190.2 S 0.37 185.0 1.00 S 0.82 S 0.49 2700 P 2.92 152 1.01 80.0 10 550 190.2 S 0.34
172.0 0.90 C 0.71 S 0.44 2700 P 3.03 152 2.10 32.0 10 550 97.0 S 0.32 257.0 2.05 S 1.13 S 0.90 2700 P 2.92 152 0.50 32.0 10 550 380.4 S 0.66 165.0 1.27 S 1.08 F
0.63 5400 P 2.81 152 0.36 30.8 10 470 501.4 S 0.67 227.2 0.85 S 1.08 F 0.43 5400 P 2.93 152 1.52 27.5 10 550 126.8 S 0.31 407.0 1.69 S 1.37 S 0.76 425 P 0.85
100 1.56 23.7 16 483 27.2 S 0.57 265.2 10.09 C 1.10 C 1.47 250 P 0.50 100 1.56 49.1 16 483 16.0 S 0.72 642.2 16.98 C 1.00 C 1.54 425 P 0.85 100 1.56 49.1 16 483
27.2 S 0.77 401.1 10.60 C 0.93 C 1.07 625 P 1.25 100 1.56 49.1 16 483 40.1 S 0.95 337.4 8.92 C 1.27 C 1.12 1000 P 2.00 100 1.56 49.1 16 483 64.1 S 0.50 112.5 2.97 C
0.93 S 1.26 914 P 4.03 45 1.54 36.3 25 600 196.7 S 0.60 60.7 2.33 S 1.06 S 1.12 914 P 4.03 45 1.54 36.3 25 600 196.7 S 0.55 56.3 2.16 S 0.98 S 1.04 914 P 4.03 45
1.54 36.3 25 600 196.7 S 0.57 58.0 2.23 S 1.01 S 1.07 1219 P 3.39 10 0.96 40.9 19 524 248.6 S 0.79 179.2 2.05 S 1.14 S 1.01 1219 P 3.39 10 1.92 41.4 19 524 124.3 S
0.49 203.7 2.32 S 1.02 S 1.07 1219 P 3.39 10 0.36 43.7 19 745 662.8 S 1.07 134.8 1.49 S 1.24 F 0.77
39
Author Ref Year and Notes # 1737 Tariq, M., and New 98 2003 1738 2003 1739 2003 1740 2003 1741 2003 1742 2003 1743 Cladera 99 2002 1744 2002
1745 2002 1746 2002 1747 Lertsrisakulrat, T., Y100 2002 1748 2002 1749 2002 1750 Yang et al 101 2003 1751 2003 1752 2003 1753 2003 1754 2003 1755
2003 1756 2003 1757 2003 1758 2003 1759 2003 1760 2003 1761 2003 1762 2003 1763 2003 1764 2003 1765 2003 1766 2003 1767 2003 1768 2003 1769
2003 1770 2003 1771 Lubell et al. 102 2004 1772 Rahal, Al-Shaleh, N103 2004 1773 2004 1774 OSU test 104 2004 1775 Sherwood et al. 105 2005 1776
2005 1777 2005 1778 2005 1779 2005 1780 2005 1781 2005 1782 2005 1783 2005 1784 Bentz & Buckley 106 2005 1785 2005 1786 2005 1787 2005 1788
2005 1789 2005 1790 2005 1791 2005 1792 2005
Beam Name R-S007Na R-S007Nb R-S010N1 R-S010N2 R-S015N1 R-S015N2 H50/1 H60/1 H75/1 H100/1 D200 D400 D600 L5-40 L5-60 L5-60R L5-75 L5-
100 UH5-40 UH5-60 UH5-75 UH5-100 L10-40 L10-40R L10-60 L10-75 L10-75R L10-100 UH10-40 UH10-40R UH10-60 UH10-75 UH10-75R UH10-100 AT-1
A65-NTR B65-NTR 37T AT-2-250A AT-2-250B AT-2-1000A AT-2-1000B AT-2-3000 AT-3-A AT-3-C AT-3-B AT-3-D SBB1.1 SBB1.2 SBB1.3 SBB2.1 SBB2.2
SBB2.3 SBB3.1 SBB3.2 SBB3.3
bw (mm) 160 160 160 160 160 160 200 200 200 200 150 150 150 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 2010
200 200 356 250 250 1000 1000 3000 696 706 701 706 104 105 104 106 105 106 105 101 101
b (mm) 160 160 160 160 160 160 200 200 200 200 150 150 150 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 160 2010
200 200 356 250 250 1000 1000 3000 696 706 701 706 104 105 104 106 105 106 105 101 101
h (mm) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 400 250 450 650 400 600 600 750 1000 400 600 750 1000 400 400 600 750 750 1000 400 400 600
750 750 1000 1005 370 370 1219 470 470 470 470 472 338 338 338 338 103 103 103 206 206 206 378 378 378
d (mm) 346 346 346 346 325 325 359 359 359 359 200 400 600 355 555 555 685 935 355 555 685 935 355 355 555 685 685 935 355 355 555 685 685 935
920 330 305 1151 437 440 440 437 440 307 305 305 307 84 84 84 168 168 166 333 333 333
a:M/V (mm) 950 950 1150 1150 1150 1150 1080 1080 1080 1080 200 400 600 200 300 300 375 500 200 300 375 500 400 400 600 750 750 1000 375 375
600 750 750 1000 2700 900 900 3353 1295 1295 1295 1295 1295 1039 1039 1039 1039 248 248 248 495 495 495 990 990 990
3.32 69 1.08 43.2 20 483 1150 P 3.32 69 1.08 43.2 20 483 1150 P 3.54 65 1.54 34.1 20 483 1150 P 3.54 65 1.54 34.1 20 483 1080 P 3.01 100 2.24 49.9 12 500 1080
P 3.01 100 2.24 60.8 12 500 1080 P 3.01 100 2.24 68.9 12 500 1080 P 3.01 100 2.24 87.0 12 500 200 P 1.00 50 1.91 38.4 13 1026 400 P 1.00 100 1.69 35.5 13 1004
600 P 1.00 150 1.76 40.8 13 1006 200 P 0.56 100 1.01 31.4 19 804 300 P 0.54 100 0.97 31.4 19 804 300 P 0.54 100 0.97 31.4 19 804 375 P 0.55 100 1.05 31.4 19
804 500 P 0.53 100 0.90 31.4 19 606 200 P 0.56 100 1.01 78.5 19 804 300 P 0.54 100 0.97 78.5 19 804 375 P 0.55 100 1.05 78.5 19 804 500 P 0.53 100 0.90
78.5 19 605 400 P 1.13 100 1.01 31.4 19 804 400 P 1.13 100 1.01 31.4 19 804 600 P&1.08
Agree 100 0.97 31.4 19 804 750 P 1.09 100 1.05 31.4 19 804 750 P 1.09 100 1.05
close
31.4 19 804 1000 P 1.07 100 0.90 31.4 19 605 375 P 1.06 100 1.01 78.5 19 804 375 P 1.06 100 1.01 78.5 19 804 600 P 1.08 100 0.97 78.5 19 804 750 P 1.09 100
1.05 78.5 19 804 750 P 1.09 100 1.05 78.5 19 804 1000 P 1.07 100 0.90 78.5 19 605 2700 P 2.93 152 0.76 64.1 10 460 900 P 2.73 10 2.16 61.3 12 483 900 P 2.95
10 3.89 61.9 12 483 3353 P 2.91 230 0.74 31.8 19 478 1295 P 2.96 152 0.92 37.7 10 465 1295 P 2.94 152 0.90 38.5 10 465 1295 P 2.94 152 0.91 39.0 10 465 1295 P
2.96 152 0.91 37.9 10 465 1295 P 2.94 152 0.91 40.6 10 465 1039 P 3.38 152 0.93 37.5 10 448 1039 P 3.41 152 0.93 37.1 10 448 1039 P 3.41 152 0.93 37.8 10 448
1039 P 3.38 152 0.93 37.1 10 448 248 P 2.95 10 1.63 33.0 10 494 248 P 2.95 10 1.62 33.0 10 494 248 P 2.95 10 1.63 33.0 10 494 495 P 2.95 10 1.60 30.0 10 494
495 P 2.95 10 1.62 30.0 10 494 495 P 2.98 10 1.62 30.0 10 494 990 P 2.97 10 1.55 34.0 10 490 990 P 2.97 10 1.61 34.0 10 490 990 P 2.97 10 1.61 34.0 10 490
Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 40 225 lbs.
M ρVd 241.6 241.6 214.4 214.4 165.0 165.0 89.7 89.7 89.7 89.7 26.1 29.6 28.3 27.9 27.9 27.9 26.1 29.7 27.9 27.9 26.1 29.7 55.7 55.7 55.7 52.3 52.3 59.3 52.3 52.3 55.7
52.3 52.3 59.3 254.6 80.0 50.1 259.3 214.6 215.0 213.8 215.5 214.0 256.0 259.0 259.0 256.0 119.2 120.4 119.2 121.5 120.4 122.3 127.1 122.3 122.3
Rep. Mode S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S S
MMAX Mn 0.89 0.95 0.82 0.77 0.73 0.74 0.43 0.45 0.41 0.48 0.52 0.39 0.36 0.64 0.49 0.44 0.42 0.42 0.95 0.68 0.64 0.70 0.55 0.90 0.69 0.38 0.47 0.79 1.22
0.94 0.95 0.43 0.46 1.05 0.60 0.55 0.53 0.53 0.79 0.77 0.80 0.76 0.80 0.97 1.06 1.04 1.00 0.71 0.90 0.73 0.71 0.76 0.75 0.54 0.53 0.56
Vu (kN) 58.9 63.3 66.7 62.2 69.8 70.5 99.7 108.1 99.9 117.9 214.2 285.3 424.5 447.0 535.0 479.0 597.0 582.0 733.0 823.0 1010.0 1029.0 192.1 311.6 375.3 271.5
330.3 543.9 498.8 385.1 573.3 338.1 360.6 769.3 1272.1 124.9 169.9 243.8 115.8 113.3 476.0 444.8 1295.3 239.3 260.2 254.8 250.2 14.5 18.5 15.0 28.8 30.5 29.7 42.2
40.6 42.9
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 2.10 S 1.16 S 1.03 2.25 S 1.25 S 1.10 2.21 S 1.16 S 1.08 2.06 S 1.09 S 1.01 2.77 S 1.26 S 1.31 2.80 S 1.27 S
1.32 2.37 S 1.02 S 1.06 2.33 S 1.04 S 1.06 2.02 S 1.03 S 0.93 2.38 S 1.24 S 1.11 13.87 C 1.05 C 1.02 9.61 C 1.00 C 1.10 8.89 C 1.00 C 1.13 16.91 C 1.12 C 1.54 12.95 C 1.17 C
1.82 11.59 C 1.05 C 1.63 11.71 C 1.11 C 1.77 8.36 C 1.04 C 1.72 18.71 C 0.95 C 1.08 13.44 C 0.90 C 1.20 13.36 C 0.93 C 1.28 9.97 C 0.89 C 1.30 7.27 C 0.99 C 0.90 11.79
C 1.61 C 1.45 9.08 C 1.59 C 1.67 5.32 C 0.93 C 0.99 6.48 C 1.14 C 1.20 7.81 C 1.72 C 1.94 12.73 C F 9.83 C 0.95 F 0.74 9.36 C 1.24 C 1.09 4.47 C 0.59 C 0.53 4.77 C
0.63 C 0.56 7.46 C 1.23 C 1.18 1.03 S 0.92 F 0.52 2.91 S 1.27 S 1.30 4.26 S 1.59 S 1.76 1.27 S 0.93 S 0.62 2.08 S 1.21 S 1.01 2.00 S 1.17 S 0.97 2.09 S 1.22 S 1.01 1.99 S
1.16 S 0.97 1.85 S 1.09 S 0.90 2.20 S 1.24 S 1.08 2.39 S 1.35 S 1.18 2.34 S 1.32 S 1.15 2.28 S 1.29 S 1.12 3.47 S 1.30 S 1.57 4.40 S 1.66 S 2.00 3.59 S 1.35 S 1.63 3.55 S
1.40 S 1.60 3.80 S 1.50 S 1.71 3.71 S 1.47 S 1.68 2.49 S 1.13 S 1.14 2.49 S 1.12 S 1.14 2.63 S 1.18 S 1.20
Author Ref Year and Notes # 1793 El-Sayed, A., El-Sa 107 2005 1794 2005 1795 2005 1796 2005 1797 Lubell Phd 108 2006 1798 2006 1799 2006 1800
2006 1801 2006 1802 2006 1803 2006 1804 Guadagnini, M., Pil 109 2006 1805 2006 1806 2006 1807 Brown & Bayrak 110 2006 1808 2006 1809 shear d
from end 2006 1810 2006 1811 Uzel. Stanik 111 2007 1812 Bentz and Collins 2007 1813 2007 1814 2007 1815 2007 1816 Results differ 2007 1817 from paper
as 2007 1818 we're ignoring 2007 1819 the plate here 2007 1820 (conservative) 2007 1821 2007 1822 2007 1823 2007 1824 2007 1825 Sherwood 112 2007
1826 Bentz & 2007 1827 Collins 2007 1828 2007 1829 2007 1830 2007 1831 2007 1832 2007 1833 2007 1834 2007 1835 2007 1836 2007 1837 2007 1838
2007 1839 2007 1840 2007 1841 2007 1842 2007 1843 2007
Beam Name SN-0.8 SN-1.2 SN-1.7 SH-1.7 AW1 AW4 AW8 AX6 AX7 AX8 AY1 SB40 SB41 SB42 1 2 4 U AP1 AP2 AP3 AP4 UN100 AF3 AF5 AF6 AF7 AF11
AF11-r AF13 AF8 AF11-r2 L-10N1 L-10N2 L-10H L-20N1 L-20N2 L-40N1 L-40N2 L-50N1 L-50N2 L-50N2R S-10N1 S-10N2 S-10H S-20N1 S-20N2 S-40N1 S-
40N2 S-50N1 S-50N2
bw (mm) 250 250 250 250 1170 1168 1169 703 704 705 249 150 150 150 203 203 203 203 113 113 113 113 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122
b (mm) 250 250 250 250 1170 1168 1169 703 704 705 249 150 150 150 203 203 203 203 113 113 113 113 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300
300 300 300 300 300 300 300 300 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122 122
h (mm) 400 400 400 400 590 590 591 338 335 339 467 250 250 250 457 457 457 457 250 250 250 250 1000 670 670 670 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1000 1510 1510 1510 1510 1510 1510 1510 1510 1510 1510 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330 330
d (mm) 326 326 326 326 538 506 507 288 287 289 434 223 223 223 406 406 406 406 230 230 230 230 925 617 617 617 925 925 925 866 925 925 1400
1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 1400 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280 280
a:M/V (mm) 1000 1000 1000 1000 1850 1850 1850 1040 1040 1040 1300 750 500 250 1219 610 914 610 250 375 250 375 1350 1500 1500 946 1500 750 1000
1500 1994 1000 4050 4050 4050 4050 4050 4050 4050 4050 4050 4050 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810 810
453 240.4 S 1.00 98.5 1000 P 3.07 300 1.23 44.6 18 460 168.5 S 0.84 116.5 1000 P 3.07 300 1.72 43.6 19 460 120.4 S 0.77 144.5 1000 P 3.07 300 1.72 62.0 19
460 120.4 S 0.82 160.0 1850 P 3.44 305 0.79 36.9 10 467 307.0 S 0.92 585.0 1850 P 3.66 305 1.69 39.9 10 467 157.0 S 0.63 716.0 1850 P 3.65 152 1.69 39.4 10
467 157.0 S 0.70 789.0 1040 P 3.61 152 1.73 41.0 10 467 151.0 S 0.70 281.0 1040 P 3.62 152 1.04 41.0 10 413 252.4 S 1.11 249.0 1040 P 3.60 152 1.72 41.0 10 467
151.3 S 0.68 272.0 1300 P 3.00 152 0.33 40.7 10 900 608.4 S 0.83 85.0 750 P 3.36 50 1.35 43.4 20 500 174.9 S 0.74 45.3 500 P 2.24 50 1.35 43.0 20 500 91.9 S
0.74 68.0 250 P 1.12 50 1.35 42.2 20 500 41.5 S 0.74 135.5 1219 P 3.00 203 3.07 26.7 10 469 65.1 S 0.34 90.7 610 P 1.50 203 3.07 26.8 10 469 24.4 S 0.53 285.1
914 P 2.25 203 3.07 26.9 10 469 40.7 S 0.42 151.7 610 U2 1.50 203 3.07 26.9 10 469 40.7 S 0.62 224.6 250 U2 1.09 152 1.15 35.8 6 505 123.5 S 1.13 76.9 375 U2
1.63 152 1.15 35.8 6 505 105.8 S 0.77 44.7 250 U1 1.09 152 1.15 35.8 6 505 50.9 S 0.99 57.3 375 U1 1.63 152 1.15 35.8 6 505 97.9 S 0.76 42.0 1350 U1 1.46 152 0.76
43.0 10 550 126.8 S 0.86 394.3 1500 U1 2.43 152 0.76 27.3 19 475 255.3 S 1.04 208.1 1500 U2 2.43 152 0.76 31.3 19 475 149.3 S 0.99 201.3 946 U1 1.53 152 0.76
32.2 19 562 136.6 S 0.83 259.1 1500 U1 1.62 152 0.76 33.8 10 562 148.2 S 0.69 356.3 750 U1 0.81 300 0.76 36.2 10 562 41.1 S 1.20 611.5 1000 U1 1.08 152 0.76 33.8
10 562 76.8 S 1.00 636.3 1500 U1 1.73 152 2.16 35.7 10 475 57.2 S 0.71 638.4 1994 P 2.16 152 0.76 33.8 10 562 152.7 S 0.49 249.2 1000 P 1.08 152 0.76 33.8 10 562
71.4 S 0.60 602.8 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 38.4 10 452 227.1 S 0.51 265.0 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 40.3 10 452 227.1 S 0.47 242.0 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 73.6 10 452
227.1 S 0.45 240.0 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 31.4 20 452 227.1 S 0.52 265.0 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 33.2 20 452 227.1 S 0.52 266.0 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 28.1 40 452
227.1 S 0.48 242.0 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 28.5 40 452 227.1 S 0.57 288.0 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 41.0 50 452 227.1 S 0.53 272.0 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 40.1 50 452
227.1 S 0.58 298.0 4050 P 2.89 152 0.83 40.1 50 452 227.1 S 0.63 323.0 810 P 2.89 30 0.83 41.9 10 494 226.7 S 0.80 36.6 810 P 2.89 30 0.83 41.9 10 494 226.7
S 0.83 38.3 810 P 2.89 30 0.83 77.3 10 494 226.7 S 0.80 37.7 810 P 2.89 30 0.83 39.2 20 494 226.7 S 0.86 39.1 810 P 2.89 30 0.83 38.1 20 494 226.7 S 0.84
38.2 810 P 2.89 30 0.83 29.1 40 494 226.7 S 0.94 41.8 810 P 2.89 30 0.83 29.1 40 494 226.7 S 0.78 34.9 810 P 2.89 30 0.83 43.5 50 494 226.7 S 0.84 38.5 810
P 2.89 30 0.83 43.5 50 494 226.7 S 0.88 40.6
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 2.06 C 1.00 S 1.02 2.58 C 1.16 S 1.24 3.23 C 1.35 S 1.50 3.00 C 1.14 S 1.42 1.84 S 1.25 S 0.92 2.31 S 1.23
S 1.09 2.55 S 1.36 S 1.21 2.61 S 1.22 S 1.23 2.32 S S 2.51 S 1.18 S 1.19 1.48 S 1.30 F 0.76
Agree 2.47 S 1.15 S 1.19 3.73 S 1.50 S 1.66 7.51 C 0.95 C 0.90 2.56 S 0.98 S 1.02 8.04 C
& close
1.21 C 1.07 4.27 C 1.43 S 1.48 6.32 C 1.42 C 1.26 5.96 F F 3.46 C 0.95 F 0.62 4.44 C 1.04 F 0.56 3.25 C 1.12 S 1.44 2.61 C 0.90 S 1.21 2.59 S 1.53 S 1.26 2.34 S 1.27 S
1.09 2.97 C 1.03 S 1.37 2.66 C 0.99 S 1.24 4.41 F S 4.75 C 1.11 S 2.01 4.95 C 1.22 S 1.97 1.86 C 1.11 S 0.87 4.50 C 0.85 C 0.83 1.23 S 1.07 S 0.60 1.09 S 0.96 S 0.53
0.83 C 0.77 F 0.41 1.36 S 1.00 S 0.66 1.32 S 0.99 S 0.64 1.31 S 0.91 S 0.63 1.55 S 1.07 S 0.75 1.22 S 0.90 S 0.60 1.35 S 0.99 S 0.66 1.46 S 1.07 S 0.72 1.99 S 1.11 S 0.98
2.09 S 1.16 S 1.02 1.60 C 0.90 F 0.80 2.20 S 1.16 S 1.08 2.18 S 1.14 S 1.07 2.73 S 1.34 S 1.32 2.28 S 1.12 S 1.10 2.06 S 1.09 S 1.01 2.17 S 1.14 S 1.06
Author and Notes 1844 NCSU MMFX 1845 tests 1846 1847 1848 1849
Ref Year Beam # Name 113 2007 G-1.9-51 2007 M-1.9-51 2007 G-1.9-38 2007 M-1.9-38 2007 G-2.7-32 2007 M-2.7-32
bw (mm) 460 460 460 460 460 460
b (mm) 460 460 460 460 460 460
h (mm) 915 915 915 915 915 915
d (mm) 850 850 850 850 850 850
a:M/V (mm) 1640 1640 1640 1640 2325 2325
468 134.0 S 0.68 444.1 1640 P 1.93 230 0.44 51.0 19 865 219.3 S 1.07 788.6 1640 P 1.93 230 0.72 38.0 19 468 134.0 S 0.59 385.1 1640 P 1.93 230 0.44 38.0 19
865 219.3 S 0.95 690.6 2325 P 2.74 230 0.72 32.0 19 468 241.0 S 0.63 284.6 2325 P 2.74 230 0.44 32.0 19 865 394.4 S 0.65 327.6
42
β CSA CSA ACI ACI (psi) Mode Exp/Pred Mode Exp/Pred 1.92 C 0.76 F 0.39 3.40 C 1.57 F 0.70 1.92 C 0.81 F 0.46 3.45 C 1.68 F 0.82 1.55 S 1.02 S 0.75 1.78 S
1.40 S 0.89
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44
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47
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ACI STRUCTURAL JOURNAL

Title no. 105-S55

ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008

Fig. 2—Examples of shear-critical members.

Fig. 4—Sixty years of shear research.

Publish Research Paper

Fig. 6—Distribution of longitudinal strains in simply supported member.

468 f c′ Vc -------- = ------------------------------------------------------------ (MPa, mm) bw d ( 1 + 1500ε x ) ( 1000 + s xe )

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Publish Research Paper

ACI Structural Journal/September-October 2008

16) 17) 18)

(inch and psi units)

or ⎡ ⎡ 7.02 ⋅ m f ′ ⎤ ⎤ Vc 133.3 c = ⎢ ⎢1 + ⎥ − 1⎥ bw d ⎢ ⎢⎣ (1000 + s xe ) ⎥⎦ ⎥ m ⎣ ⎦ where: 1 ⎛ M ⎞ m= + 1⎟ ⎜1.11 Vd ρw ⎝ ⎠

(mm and MPa units)

Additionally: f c′ should not exceed 8.305 MPa (100 psi) -

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs. 5

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Author and Notes Moody Viest Elstner Hognestad ("part II paper")

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs. 7

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs. 12

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs. 16

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Author and Notes

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Author and Notes

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs. 27

Author and Notes

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Author and Notes

Niwa, Yamada et al. Rodrigues and Darwin Lehwalter PhD

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs. 38

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 40 225 lbs.

Conversion Factors: 25.4 mm = 1 inch; 1 MPa = 145 psi, 1 kN = 225 lbs. 41

bw (mm) 460 460 460 460 460 460

b (mm) 460 460 460 460 460 460