Rolling:

 

Rolling is the
most widely
used
deformation
process.
It consists of
passing
metalbetwee
n two rollers,
which exert
compressive
stresses, red
ucing the
metalthickne
ss.(
Rolling 
operations
reduce the
thickness or
change the
cross section
of amaterial
through
compressive
forces
exerted by
rolls.)Where
simple
shapes are
tobe made in
large quantit
y, rolling is
the most
economical
process. Roll
ed
productsincl
ude sheets,
structural
shapes and
rails as well
as
intermediate
shapes for
wire
drawing or
forging.
Circular
shapes, ‘I’
beams and
railway
tracks are
manufacture
d
using
grooved rolls

The gap
between the
rolls being
somewhat
less than the
thickness of
the entering
metal.
Because the
rolls rotate
with a
surface
velocity that
exceeds the
speed of
theincoming
metal,
friction along
the contact
interface
acts to
propel
the metal
forward.