Orientation for Pollution

Control Officers on
ecological Solid Waste
Management

National Solid Waste Management Commission

The Philippines is endowed with diversified
Ecology.. Blessed with rich natural resources and
habitat of the country’s wildlife.
But, as we progress,, different environmental
problems emerges. and one of these is solid
waste.
Solid waste became the most visible
environmental problem in the country and
has remained so for years. Millions of tons of
garbage were generated and distributed
across regions. Garbage has filled the
Metropolis, with every Filipino producing an
estimated half a kilo of waste per day. Worse,
this generation rate is expected to double if
left unabated.

Protecting the environment and our natural

resources from the hazards caused by
improper solid waste management has ben a
continuing struggle for every Filipino. We
are both victim and culprit to the country’s
garbage problem and regardless of our
stature in society, we all must take part and
do our share.

Sec. Angelo T. Reyes / NSWMC

Who Wants
Garbage?
Most visible environment problem

Total annual generation

= 13 M tons

To increase by 40% in next

decade

Rate of Generation:
Urban areas - 0.50-0.70 kg/capita/day
Rural areas - 0.30 kg/capita/day
 Where and Who
Generates Garbage?
WASTE GENERATORS

Industries/ Factories
Households

Schools

Offices, Businesses, Hospitals

& other Establishments

Agriculture
 SITUATIONER
The system of garbage disposal can be DISPOSE in dumpsites
described simply as:
THROW by the
individual/households

SCATTER due to improper manner of

disposal, retrieval, inadequate
COLLECT by gov’t. trucks or collection, and over congestion in
private haulers dumpsites

BURN to burn the piles of

uncollected garbage
WHAT IF WASTE IS
MISMANAGED?
How Does it Affect
the Environment
and Health?
What are the impacts of improper waste
management
1. Pollution of air and
water:

• Contamination of rivers
and lakes;
• Methane (emission from
decaying garbage).
• Methane (CH4) is one of
the greenhouse gases
that causes global
warming. It is 21X more
potent than carbon
dioxide (CO2).
Methane Gas Emission from Garbage
Global Warming: The Greenhouse Effect
(when there is too much greenhouse gases in the atmosphere)

Sun

Earth

Excess in Greenhouse Gases Global Warming

GHG Emissions from the Waste Sector
Global warming causes
Climate change… The
Philippines has not
been spared of the
weather-related
disturbances and
disasters. The past
typhoons have been
unusually heavy and
have brought
devastation to our
country and our people.
Impacts of improper waste
management

2. Diseases:

• Rats, cockroaches, and Flies

– typhoid fever, meningitis,
diarrhea, tuberculosis,
anthrax, worms, typhoid
fever, dysentery, jaundice,
etc.

• Mosquitoes – Malaria, yellow

fever, dengue, etc.
 Impacts of improper waste
management

3. Flooding:
• Clogging of the drainage
system.
• Siltation of rivers and
creeks

4. Unpleasant
surroundings
• Foul odor
• Loss of tourism potentials

Marilao-Meycauayan-Obando River
ECONOMY
Boracay closure offers chance to clean up and rethink
tourism. Sudden shutdown hits top Philippine beach resort,
but future looks encouraging.

This sewer pipe from a resort facility on Boracay runs

directly into the sea. © Reuters
Is this what we will leave to
the future generation?
RA 9003:
THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID
WASTE MANAGEMENT
ACT OF 2000
RA 9003
What is Republic Act No. 9003 or
the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000?
Republic Act 9003 provides a
systematic, comprehensive, and
ecological solid waste management
program in the country. It was passed
by Congress in December 2000 & later,
signed by then President Gloria
Macapagal-Arroyo on January 26,
2001.
RA 9003
Among its important
features are the following:
Establishment of the National Solid Waste
Management Commission & the National Ecology
Center which will oversee and ensure the
implementation of the Act, and undertake training &
education on the Act, respectively;
Creation of Solid Waste Management Boards at the
provincial, city/municipality & barangay levels;
Preparation of a National Solid Waste Management
Status Report that will contain an inventory of
existing solid waste facilities, waste characterization,
waste generation projections & other pertinent
information. The report will be the basis for the
development of a National Solid Waste Management
System Framework which will eventually guide local
government units (LGUs) in the preparation of their
respective plans;
RA 9003: AIMS & PLANS
Diversion of 25% of solid wastes by LGUs from waste
disposal facilities through re-use, recycling and
composting activities within five years after the
effectivity of the Act;
Establishment of a Materials Recovery Facility in
every barangay or cluster of barangays;
Closure/upgrading of open dumpsites into controlled
dumpsites within three years after the effectivity of
the Act;
Mandatory waste segregation & recycling at the
barangay level;
Civil, criminal & administrative liability of violators;
Incentives will be given to LGUs, private entities &
NGOs to encourage participation in ecological solid
waste management;
Fees shall be levied on all waste generators for solid
waste management services. Fines & penalties have
also been set for violators.
RA 9003
What is ecological solid
waste management?
Ecological solid waste management is the
proper handling of wastes which involve the
ff:
Waste avoidance refers to engaging into an
activity that prevents generation of waste.
Waste reduction is the minimization of
wasteful consumption of goods.
Re-use is the process of recovering
materials intended for the same purpose
without changing their physical &
chemical characteristics.
RA 9003
Recycling is the treatment of used or
waste materials through a process of
making them suitable for beneficial
use and for other purposes.
Composting is the controlled
decomposition of organic matter by
micro-organisms, mainly bacteria &
fungi, into a humus-like product.
Waste disposal refers to the proper
discharge of any solid waste into or in
any land.
Milestone Dates for RA 9003
January 26, 2001
Approval of RA 9003
February 16, 2001
Effectivity of RA 9003
December 21, 2001
Signing of the IRR of RA 9003
February 16, 2004
All Open Dumpsites should have been closed or
converted to Controlled Disposal Facilities (Sec. 37)
February 16, 2006
All Controlled Disposal Facilities shall be deemed
closed and phase-out (Sec. 37)
Institutional Structure

National Solid Waste DENR-EMB-NSWMC/S

Management Commission (Technical Support
(Policy Making) and Enforcement)

Ecological Solid Waste

Management Act

Local Government
Units Waste Generators/Citizens
(Implementation)
 NSWMC Members
Government Sector:
 DENR (Chairman) TESDA
 DILG PIA
 DOST MMDA
 DPWH League of Provinces
 DOH League of Cities
 DTI League of Municipalities
 DA Liga ng mga Barangay

Non-Government Sector:
1 - representative from the NGO sector
1 - representative from the Recycling Industry
1 - representative from the Manufacturing/Packaging Industry
 Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2000
 Mandatory segregation at
source Avoidance
(Section 21 RA 9003)
Reduce
 Mandatory segregated
collection; Reuse
(Section 1 Rule X, IRR)
Recycle
 Mandatory waste diversion goal
of at least 25%;
Treatment
(section 20 RA9003)
Residuals
Mgnt
 Establishment of Materials
Recovery Facilities;
(section 32 RA 9003)
 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF RA 9003

Biodegradable Recyclable Special Residual

wastes Wastes Wastes Wastes

Separate
Collection
Schedule
or Use of
Compart-
mentalized
BARANGAY Vehicle
MRF SLF

recycling
TREATER
GARDENS/ JUNKSHOPS/
FARMS RECYCLING PLANT

BARANGAY’S Role CITY/MUNICIPALITY’S Role

 Waste
Classification
COMPOSTABLE WASTE

Compostable wastes are biodegradable wastes such as food waste,

garden waste and animal waste.

Examples are:
Fruit and vegetable peelings, leftover foods,
vegetable trims, fish/fowl/meat/animal entrails/,
soft shells, seeds, leaves, etc.,
RECYCLABLE WASTE

Recyclable materials refer to any waste material retrieved from the

waste stream and free from contamination that can still be converted
into suitable beneficial use.

Examples are:
Newspaper, ferrous and non-ferrous scrap
metals, corrugated cardboard, aluminum, tin
cans, glass, papers, soft drinks plastic bottle,
etc.,
SPECIAL WASTE
Special waste refer to household hazardous wastes.

Examples are:
Paints, thinner, household batteries, lead-acid batteries,
spray canisters, consumer electronics (which refer to
worn-out, broken and other discarded items), white
goods (which refer to large worn-out or broken
household appliances), used oil, tires, etc.,
 RESIDUAL WASTE
Residual wastes are solid waste materials that are non-compostable
and non-recyclable.

Examples are:
Sanitary napkins, disposable diapers, worn-out rugs,
ceramics, candy wrappers/sachets, cartons which contain a
plastic lining usually used for milk and juice containers, etc.,
.…Non-Traditional Recyclables

 CDs, DVDs, VCDs and VHS tapes

 Empty Ink and Toner Cartridges
 Broken electrical and electronic equipment and appliances
 Obsolete computers
 Car Tires
SWM at a Glance

Indicator National Metro Manila

Waste generation (per day) 40,000 tons/day 9,000 tons/day

Per capita 0.32 – 0.71 0.71

Collection efficiency 40% - 85% 85%

Number of MRFs 9,335 941

Number of barangays served 12,607 962

% compliance 30% 56.3%

What Can be Done
with Wastes?
Biodegradable Wastes
Composting of Biodegradable Wastes

Process for converting decomposable organic materials

into useful stable products
1. Backyard Compost Pits
2. TOWER TIRES
3. BOTTOMLESS
COMPOSTERS
4. COMPOSTING IN
CLAY POTS
5. Hanging Container Composting
6. VERMICOMPOSTING

• To improve
the quality
of compost,
it may be fed to vermi-
worms and the manure
is collected as vermi-
castings.
• This process produces
the best quality organic
soil conditioner, which
is practiced in many
parts of the world.
Recyclable Wastes
PAPER, CANS,GLASS,ETC.
 COMPARING RECYCLING WITH
NORMAL EXTRACTION
When you use 1 ton of paper:
What we use to produce it?
What we use when we recycle?
 17-30 mature trees
 0 trees
 24,000 gallons of water
 10,080 gallons of water
 28 million Btu energy
 19.6 million Btu energy
 1,255 lbs of CO2 is released to the
 890 lbs of CO2 is released to the
atmosphere
atmosphere
 When you use 1 ton of cans:

What we use to produce it? What we use when we recycle?

 4.5 tons bauxite  0 bauxite
 1000 lbs. Petroleum coke burned  0 lbs. burned
 200 million BTU energy  9.8 million BTU
 2,900 lbs CO2 released  145 lbs CO2 released
 When you use 1 ton of glass:

What we use to produce it? What we use when we recycle?

 1,330 lbs. sand used  0 sand
 15.2 million BTU energy  2.3 million BTU
 441 lbs. CO2 released to the  1.03 lbs CO2 released
atmosphere
Residual Wastes
PRODUCTS
 RA 9003

Prohibited Acts and Penalties

(Secs. 48 & 49)
Fines and Penalties
 Section 48 and 49 prescribe the punishable acts under
RA 9003 and the corresponding fines and penalties
therefore;

 LGUs need only to pass the Ordinance that would spell

out (a) how & where community service as a penalty
would be served, and (b) the amounts and duration of
fines and imprisonment penalties for 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, etc,
offense;

 If the offense is committed by a corporation,

partnership, or other juridical entity, the chief executive
officer, president, general manager, managing partner or
such other officer-in-charge shall be liable for the
commission of the offense penalized under the Act.
Prohibited Acts and
corresponding penalties

(1) Littering, throwing, dumping of waste

matters in public places, such as roads,
sidewalks, canals, esteros or parks, and
establishment, or causing or permitting
the same.

Fine: P300 – P1,000, or

Community service: 1-15 days in
LGU where violation was made, or
both.
(2) Undertaking activities or operating,
collecting or transporting equipment in violation of
sanitation operation and other requirements or
permits set forth in established pursuant.

Penalty
Fine: P300 – 1,000, or
Imprisonment: 1-15 days, or both
(3) The open burning of solid waste.

Penalty
Fine: P300 – 1,000, or
Imprisonment: 1-15 days, or both
(4) Causing or permitting the collection
of non-segregated or unsorted wastes.

Fine: P1,000 – P3,000, or

Imprisonment: 1-15 days, or both.
(5) Squatting in open dumps and
landfills.

Penalty
Fine: P1,000 - 3,000, or
Imprisonment: 15 days – 6 months, or both
(6) Open dumping, burying of biodegradable or non-
biodegradable materials in flood prone areas.

Penalty
Fine: P1,000 – 3,000, or
Imprisonment: 15 days – 6 months,
or both
(7) Unauthorized removal of recyclable
material intended for collection by
authorized persons;

Penalty
Fine: P1,000 – 3,000, or
Imprisonment: 15 days – 6 months, or
both
(8) The mixing of source-separated
recyclable material with other solid
waste in any vehicle, box, container or
receptacle used in solid waste
collection or disposal.

First Offense: Fine of P5,000 + 5-10% of net

income during the previous year
(9) Establishment or operation of open dumps as
enjoined in this Act, or closure of said dumps in
violation of Sec. 37.

Penalty
First Offense:
Fine of P500,000 + 5-10% of net income
during the previous year;
Subsequent Violations: Imprisonment of
1-3 yrs. In addition to the fine.
(10) The manufacture, distribution or use
of non-environmentally acceptable
packaging materials

Penalty
First Offense:
Fine of P500,000 + 5-10% of net income during the
previous year;
Subsequent Violations:
Imprisonment of 1-3 yrs. In addition to the fine.
(11) Importation of consumer products
packaged in non-environmentally
acceptable materials.

Penalty
First Offense:
Fine of P500,000 + 5-10% of net income
during the previous year
(12) Importation of toxic wastes
misrepresented as "recyclable" or "with
recyclable content"

Penalty
Fine: P10,000 – 200,000, or
Imprisonment: 30 days – 3 years, or both
(13) Transport and dumping in bulk of
collected domestic, industrial,
commercial, and institutional wastes in
areas other than centers or facilities
prescribe under this Act.

Penalty
Fine: P10,000 – P200,000, or
Imprisonment: 30 days – 3 years, or both
(14) Site preparation, construction,
expansion or operation of waste
management facilities without an
Environmental Compliance Certificate
required pursuant to Presidential Decree
No. 1586 and this Act and not conforming
with the land use plan of the LGU

Penalty
Fine: P100,000 – P1M, or
Imprisonment: 1-6 years, or both
(15) The construction of any
establishment within two hundred (200)
meters from open dumps or controlled
dumps, or sanitary landfill.

Penalty
Fine: P100,000 – P1M, or
Imprisonment: 1-6 years, or both
(16) The construction or operation of
landfills or any waste disposal facility
on any aquifer, groundwater reservoir,
or watershed area and or any portions
thereof

Penalty
Fine: P100,000 – P1M, or
Imprisonment: 1-6 years, or both
What kind of case may be
filed?

The following cases or actions may be filed:

1. Civil

2. Criminal

3. Administrative
Citizen Suit
Any citizen may file civil, criminal or administrative action
against:

1. Any person who violates or fails to comply with RA 9003 and

its IRR.
2. DENR or other implementing agencies for orders, rules and
regulations inconsistent with RA 9003.
3. Public officer who willfully or grossly neglects performance
of duty, abuses his authority, and in any manner, improperly
performs his duties under RA 9003 and its IRR
 REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES
Sandiganbayan
Quezon City
FIRST DIVISION
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES,
Plaintiff,
-versus- CASE NO. S8-12-CRM-0222
For: Violation of Sec. 37 in relation to
Sec. 48(9) of RA 9003
JULlUS CESAR V. VERGARA
Accused.
Present:
DE LA CRUZ, J., Chairperson
ECONG,J.
CALDONA, J.
Promulgated on:
JAN 121018 r

Sec. 37 of RA 9003 – Prohibition against the use of open

dumps.
Environmental Ombudsman to
file raps vs 100 LGUs.

Environmental Ombudsman Gerard Mosquera. INQUIRER FILE

PHOTO / GRIG C. MONTEGRANDE
What does RA 9003 require before a case or suit
can be filed?

RA 9003 provides that no case or suit can be filed

until after a public officer or alleged violator has been
given a 30-day notice during which no appropriate
action has been taken by the alleged offender.
Is conviction required before the fine and/or
penalty can be imposed on someone who
committed a prohibited act under RA 9003?

Yes. The law provides that the fine and/or penalty shall be
imposed upon conviction.

The requirement of conviction means that a case has to be

filed in court against a person who commits a prohibited act and
judgment has to be rendered by the court finding the person guilty
of committing the prohibited act.
If the prohibited act is committed by a corporation,
partnership, or other juridical entity duly organized in
accordance with law, who shall be liable for the offense
committed?

The chief executive officer, president, general manager,

managing partner or such other officer-in-charge shall be liable.
What additional penalty will be imposed if the
offender is an alien?

If the offender is an alien, he or she shall be deported

without further administrative proceedings after serving his/her
sentence.
Are the fines prescribed in RA 9003
fixed amounts?

No. The fines prescribed under RA 9003 shall be

increased by at least 10 % every three years to compensate for
inflation and to maintain the deterrent function of such fines.
SLAPP (Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation)
Refers to cases filed against those who file citizen suit by any
person, institution or other implementing agency.

TEST: Whether or not said legal action is to harass, vex, exert

undue pressure or stifle legal resources.

30 days for investigating prosecutor to determine

If SLAPP, case dismissed with attorney’s fees and double

damages.
What Help
Can We Do!
1. Minimize the Generation of Waste!

Practice the 3Rs:

REDUCE, RE-USE, RECYCLE!

• Avoid buying disposable goods such as

throwaway razors, etc.
• Avoid the use of unnecessary packaging.
• Consider reusable items;
• Maintain & repair durable products;
• Reuse bags, containers, and reusable items
• Compost biodegradable wastes
2. Segregate at Source
For Campuses & Buildings
3. Segregated Collection:
No. 4
Materials Recovery System(MRS)
A Material Recovery System is a
complete system of recovering wastes
that can still be of use - from
recyclable materials to kitchen waste
that can turned into compost.
From this system, a Material Recovery
Facility (MRF) is conceptualized,
2 Main Physical
Components of an MRF

Composting area Eco-shed or warehouse

Salvacion Elementary School Salvacion Highschool MRF

Purok #7, Barangay Tibal-og

5. Final Disposal: Sanitary Landfill (SLF)

 Sanitary Landfill (SLF) provides control over

significant potential environmental impacts arising
from the disposal operation as it considers the
physical and hydro-geologic attributes of the site
prior to landfill development.
 6. Management of Residuals

The development, promotion and

use of alternative technologies and
approaches specially in residual
waste management – for
minimization, if not eradication,
through re-use or conversion –
negates the need to condemn fertile
land to land filling and promotes the
quest towards zero-waste
management
7. Do Not Burn Your Wastes!
8. Info Campaign

a. Advocacy b. Information, Education and

Communication Campaign
 What Offices /
Establishments /
Industries Can Do!
 Setting up your SWM Program
1. Preparation of Policy and Organization
 Secure management policy and guidelines
• Board Resolution
• Memorandum Circular
• Building Rules
• Sanctions and Rewards

Form a strong lead group (SWAT)

• Assign a program coordinator and support staff
• Must be part of job description, clear definition of
functions
• Handles day-to-day program implementation
2. Conduct situational analysis

• waste audit/characterization

• establish minimum requirements

Collection schedule
Push carts Segregation bins
Segregation bins must conform with the building standards
Ensure efficient segregation of materials
Recyclables
Residual

Special Wastes

Compostables
3. Formulate Plan
Set your goals
 % reduction of residual waste – waste avoidance plan
 % increase in recovery of recyclables – waste diversion plan
 % compliance of tenants/occupants – IEC plan
 % decrease in solid waste handling cost – maximum use of resources
Attachment 2-A

MONTHLY WASTE DIVERSION GRAPH

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%
Recyclables
50% Compostables

40% Residuals

30%

20%

10%

0%
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
4. Conduct information campaign

RECYCLING
ONE THOUSAND KILOS
OF PAPER SAVES
 17 trees
 390 gallons of oil
 7,000 gallons of water
 4200kwh of electricity
Let’s do our share… Recycle Now!
PAPER RECYCLING TIPS
1. Make sure paper is used on both sides before disposing
2. Do not crumple, fold or tear paper. Just lay them flat on the
designated container
3. Dismantle and flatten boxes to save space
4. Do not contaminate paper with any liquid and food left-overs
5. Dry Run and Implement Plan
 Adopt an appropriate segregation scheme

 Devise a systematic collection

of segregated materials
6. Monitoring and Evaluation
Draft monitoring checklist SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
MONTHLY COLLECTION REPORT OF RECYCLABLE MATERIALS
For the month of ___________________

Name of Building: ________________________

MATERIALS Volume Unit Price Amount

(kilos)
A. Recyclables
Bottles
a. softdrinks
b. beer
c. catsup/patis/vinegar
d. medicine
e. bubog
f. others
Plastics
a. gallon
b. spoon/fork/cup
c. bags
d. PET
e. hard plastic
Paper
a. continuous form
b. white
c. waste
d. newspaper & magazine
e. kraft/cartons
Metals
a. aluminum cans
b. hard aluminum
c. aluminum jalousy
d. scrap metal
Others
Car battery
Ballast
Printer ink jet
Total Recyclables %
B. Food Waste %
C. Residual Waste %
D. Special Waste %
Grand Total 100%

Accomplished by: ___________________________

Designation: ___________________________
Date: ___________________________
 Prepare reports
SWM VOLUME YEAR 2005
VOLUME PROGRESS

Paper Metal 1200

VOLUME (tons)
9% 0% Other Recyclables
1000
2%
800
Food Waste
600 annual
18% 400
200
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
YEAR

Residual Compostable
69% 2%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
363 tons 635 tons 891.2 tons 965 tons 836.4 tons

Paper Metal Other Recyclables Food Waste Compostable Residual

REVENUE PROGRESS

5000

Revenue in Peso (1000)

160

4000
140
3000
annual
120 2000

1000
100

0
80 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
YEAR
60

40 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

20
P0.432M P1.5M P2.796M P4.493M P3.018M
0
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
120 141 143 109 139

Participation Rate
The problem with waste management is not the system, but the
BEHAVIOR!
CHANGE! CHANGE!
CHANGE!
Make that...

Make that...
CHANGE!
CHANGE!
Make that.…………..
CHANGE!
CHANGE!
CHANGE!
NBN

DENR-NSWMC
Telefax Nos. (02) 920-2252 / 79
www.emb.gov.ph/nswmc