Climate

Main article: Climate of Indonesia

Typical Indonesian rainforest, mostly found in Kalimantan and Sumatra

Indonesia lies along the equator, and its climate tends to be relatively even year-round.
[76]
 Indonesia has two seasons—a wet season and a dry season—with no extremes of summer or
winter.[77] For most of Indonesia, the dry season falls between May and October with the wet
season between November and April. [77] Indonesia's climate is almost entirely tropical, dominated
by the tropical rainforest climate found in every large island of Indonesia. More cooling climate
types do exist in mountainous regions that are 1,300 to 1,500 metres (4,300 to 4,900 feet) above
sea level. The oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) prevails in highland areas adjacent to rainforest
climates, with reasonably uniform precipitation year-round. In highland areas near the tropical
monsoon and tropical savanna climates, the subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb) is
prevalent with a more pronounced dry season.

Köppen-Geiger climate classification map for Indonesia[78]

Some regions, such as Kalimantan and Sumatra, experience only slight differences in rainfall
and temperature between the seasons, whereas others, such as Nusa Tenggara, experience far
more pronounced differences with droughts in the dry season, and floods in the wet. Rainfall
varies across regions, with more in western Sumatra, Java, and the interiors of Kalimantan and
Papua, and less in areas closer to Australia, such as Nusa Tenggara, which tend to be dry. The
almost uniformly warm waters that constitute 81% of Indonesia's area ensure that temperatures
on land remain relatively constant. Humidity is quite high, at between 70 and 90%. Winds are
moderate and generally predictable, with monsoons usually blowing in from the south and east in
June through October, and from the northwest in November through March. Typhoons and large-
scale storms pose little hazard to mariners; significant dangers come from swift currents in
channels, such as the Lombok and Sape straits.