Exudative pleural effusions - UpToDate 6/09/17, 4*06 p.m.

Official reprint from UpToDate®

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Causes of exudative pleural effusions

Infectious Increased negative intrapleural

Bacterial pneumonia
pressure with accompanying pleural
malignancy or inflammation
Tuberculous pleurisy
Lung entrapment
Parasites
Cholesterol effusion
Fungal disease

Atypical pneumonias (viral, mycoplasma) Connective tissue disease

Nocardia, Actinomyces Lupus pleuritis

Subphrenic abscess Rheumatoid pleurisy

Hepatic abscess Mixed connective tissue disease

Splenic abscess Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis

(Churg-Strauss)
Hepatitis
Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's)
Spontaneous esophageal rupture
Familial mediterranean fever
Iatrogenic
Endocrine dysfunction
Central venous catheter misplacement/migration
Hypothyroidism
Drug-induced
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Esophageal perforation
Lymphatic abnormalities
Esophageal sclerotherapy
Malignancy
Enteral feeding tube in pleural space

Radiofrequency ablation of pulmonary neoplasms Chylothorax

Yellow nail syndrome

Malignancy-related
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Carcinoma
Lymphangiectasia
Lymphoma
Movement of liquid from abdomen to
Mesothelioma
pleural space
Leukemia
Pancreatitis
Chylothorax
Pancreatic pseudocyst
Paraproteinemia (multiple myeloma,
Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia) Meigs' syndrome

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Exudative pleural effusions - UpToDate 6/09/17, 4*06 p.m.

Other inflammatory disorders Chylous ascites

Pancreatitis (acute, chronic) Malignant ascites

Benign asbestos pleural effusion Subphrenic abscess

Pulmonary embolism Hepatic abscess (bacterial, amebic)

Radiation therapy Splenic abscess, infarction

Uremic pleurisy

Sarcoidosis

Postcardiac injury syndrome

Hemothorax

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Graphic 54055 Version 9.0

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