Exact number- results from counting objects or

is part of a definition
Inexact number- results from a measurement
or observation and contains some uncertainty
Significant figures- are all the digits in a
measured number including one estimated digit
SI units

Length –meter
Mass -kilogram
Time – second
Electric current - ampere
Temperature - kelvin
Luminous intensity - candela
Amount of substance - mole
Good laboratory practice- A process to certify
SI derived unit that every step of the analysis is valid
Frequency – hertz Quality Assurance –a system of ensuring the
Force – newton integrity of data in the laboratory
Pressure – pascal
Energy – joule Quality control –tools utilized to sustain the
Power – watt integrity of data in the laboratory
Electric charge – coulomb Validation–process that ensures that the
Electric potential – volt performance characteristics of a particular
Electric current – ohm procedure in the laboratory meets the standard
set by regulatory guidelines
Relative / Absolute error –a measure of
accuracy SOP– a guide containing the totality of the
various examination performed in the laboratory
Arithmetic Value or Mean or average (x)-
summation of data is divided by the total Proficiency Testing –A series of examination
number of data required and prescribed a particular national
reference laboratory for the legal purpose of
Standard Deviation (SD)- It is a measure of the validation
distribution range of values around the mean
value or average Pre-analytical phase Activities covering all
procedures done prior to the actual testing of the
Coefficient of Variation (CV) -It is the ratio of target analyte
the standard deviation over the mean expressed
in percent Analytical phase- Main focus of validation
Variance (V)- It is a statement of variability and Post-analytical phase Covers all activities
measures the significant differences between rendered after the testing procedure
groups of data.
External or Inter-laboratory Validation Program
RANGE- The difference between the highest –Proficiency testing given / rendered by a
and lowest score in a set or ungrouped data. national reference
National Kidney & Transplant Institute –
National reference laboratory hematology
RITM –National reference laboratory for
Microbiology, virology and tropical medicine
East Avenue Medical Center –National
reference laboratory for chemistry drug of abuse
and toxicology .
Philippine Heart Center
Internal or Intra-laboratory Validation Program
– process of establishing reference values in the
laboratory
Standard solution -composed of known
constituent / component and of known
concentration used to compare for accuracy
Control solution –composed of known
constituent / component but of an unknown
amount / concentration used to compare for
precision
Pooled sera / commercially prepared
Blank solution –solution intended to set the
reading of the machine / calibrating the machine.
It is used to compare for accuracy