This section describes the setup and validation

of the Delft 3D numerical model suite used for

these analyses. The suite comprises models
simulating flow and wave conditions. The
models use information on offshore
hydrodynamics, bathymetry, topography and
land cover and accounts for various physical
processes. This section also describes the
setup of the model and cross-shore profiles,
inclusion of habitats as land-cover type inputs,
model validation for offshore and nearshore
regions, and some analyses of sensitivity to
hydrodynamic inputs. More information on the
physics behind the models, including the
relevant equations, may be found in Annex 2.
4.1 Numerical Set-Up for 1D Simulations
For the study case, waves and flow were
propagated over 1D profiles. To simulate 1D
propagations with Delft 3D, a 2D mesh with 3
cells in Y-direction was created. X-direction is
assumed to be perpendicular to the coast and
was divided in 10 m spaced cells. Profiles are
20 km long and they extend 10 km shoreward
and 10 km landward. In total the numerical
mesh will have 2000 x 3 cells (X and Y
directions). For an explanation of the physics
and governing equations see Annex 2.
4.2 Modelling Coastal Habitats:
Mangroves and Coral Reefs
Coastal habitats like coral reefs or mangroves
are modeled by means of introducing a
roughness value based on the corresponding
Manning coefficient. Different values of
Manning coefficient were adopted:
- Sand soil: n=0.02 (Zhang et al 2012)
- Mangroves: n=0.15 (Zhang et al 2012)
- Coral reefs: n=0.05 (Prager 1991)This section describes the setup and validation
of the Delft 3D numerical model suite used for
these analyses. The suite comprises models
simulating flow and wave conditions. The
models use information on offshore
hydrodynamics, bathymetry, topography and
land cover and accounts for various physical
processes. This section also describes the
setup of the model and cross-shore profiles,
inclusion of habitats as land-cover type inputs,
model validation for offshore and nearshore
regions, and some analyses of sensitivity to
hydrodynamic inputs. More information on the
physics behind the models, including the
relevant equations, may be found in Annex 2.
4.1 Numerical Set-Up for 1D Simulations
For the study case, waves and flow were
propagated over 1D profiles. To simulate 1D
propagations with Delft 3D, a 2D mesh with 3
cells in Y-direction was created. X-direction is
assumed to be perpendicular to the coast and
was divided in 10 m spaced cells. Profiles are
20 km long and they extend 10 km shoreward
and 10 km landward. In total the numerical
mesh will have 2000 x 3 cells (X and Y
directions). For an explanation of the physics
and governing equations see Annex 2.
4.2 Modelling Coastal Habitats:
Mangroves and Coral Reefs
Coastal habitats like coral reefs or mangroves
are modeled by means of introducing a
roughness value based on the corresponding
Manning coefficient. Different values of
Manning coefficient were adopted:
- Sand soil: n=0.02 (Zhang et al 2012)
- Mangroves: n=0.15 (Zhang et al 2012)
- Coral reefs: n=0.05 (Prager 1991)