SECTION 2: CLASSIFICATION OF ENGINEERING SERVICES

2.1. GENERAL

MANY CIVIL ENGINEERING FIRMS PROVIDE COMPRNEHENSIVE SERVICES TO THE CLIENT, WHILE OTHER
FIRMS SPECIALIZE IN AREAS OF ENGINEERING, SUCH AS GEOTECHNICAL OR STRUCTURAL, AND
TRANSPORTATION, WATER AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT, AND PROVIDE THEIR SERVICES TO A PRIME
ENGINEER, ARCHITECT, OR OWNER.

SERVICES PROVIDED BY CIVIL ENGINEERS CAN BE GROUPED INTO BROAD CATEGORIES SUCH AS; (1)
CONSULTATIONS, RESEARCH, INVESTIGATIONS, AND REPORTS, (2) DESIGN SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION
PROJECTS, (3) CONSTRUCTION SERVICES, (4) SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS, (5)
ENGINEERING SUPPORT SERVICES, (6) ACADEMIC SERVICES, AND (7) SERVICES AS EMPLOYEE.

TYPES OF INFRASTRUCTURE UNDER THE DOMAIN OF CIVIL ENGINERING, PURSUANT TO RA 544

INCLUDE: (1) STREET, BRIDGES, HIGHWAYS AND RAILROADS, (2) AIRPORTS AND HANGARS, (3) PORTWORKS,
CANALS, RIVER AND SHORE IMPROVEMENTS, LIGHT HOUSES AND DRY DOCKS, (4) BUILDINGS, (5) FIXED
STRUCTURES FOR IRRIGATION, FLOOD PROTECTION, DRAINAGE, WATER SUPPLY, AND SEWERAGE WORKS, AND
(6) TUNNELS.

2.2. CONSULTATIONS, RESEARCH, INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS

THESE SERVICES DEAL PRIMARILY WITH COLLECTING, INTERPRETING, AND REPORTING INFORMATION,
TOGETHER WITH FORMULATING CONCLUSIONS AND MAKING RECOMMENDATIONS.

2.2.1. PRELIMINARY AND FEASIBILITY INVESTIGATIONS AND REPORTS

THESE SERVICES USUALLY PRECEDE THE AUTHORIZATION OF A CAPITAL PROJECT AND MAY
INVOLVE EXTENSIVE INVESTIGATIONS, ANALYSES OF CONDITIONS, AND COMPARISON OF SEVERAL
POSSIBLE PLANS.

2.2.2. PLANNING STUDIES

THESE SERVICES MAY INCLUDE THE BROAD AREAS OF DEVELOPING THE ENGINEERING
REQUIREMENTS OF MASTER PLANS FOR LONG-RANGE CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS;
PREPARARTION OF PRELIMINARY ENGINEERING OF LAND DEVELOPMENTS PLANS, URBAN PLANS, AND
REGIONAL PLANS; AND THE INVESTIGATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND PREPARATION OF
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STUDIES WITH SUBSEQUENT ENGINEERING PLANNING TO IMPROVE OR
MAINTAIN EXISTING CONDITIONS.

2.2.3. APPRAISALS, VALUATIONS AND RATE STUDIES

THESE SERVICES MAY INCLUDE INVESTIGATIONS AND ANALYSES OF EXISTING CONDITIONS;

CAPITAL AND OPERATING COSTS; OVERHEAD COSTS AND COSTS OF FINANCING; AND REVENUES AS
NEEDED TO EVALUATE A PROPERTY OR TO RECOMMEND ESTABLISHMENT OF PROSPECTIVE RATES.

2.2.4. ASSISTANCE IN FINANCIAL MATTERS

THE SCOPE OF SERVICES MAY INCLUDE AN EVALUATION OF CAPABILITIES OF EXISTING OR

PROPOSED FACILITIES TO MEET PRESENT AND PROJECTED FUTURE NEEDS, STATEMENTS OF PROBABLE
CONSTRUCTION COSTS, AND AN ESTIMATE OF ANNUAL REVENUE REQUIREMENTS, WITH A
DETERMINATION OF APPROPRIATE RATES TO PROVIDE THIS INCOME.

2.2.5. MATERIALS ENGINEERING AND EQUIPMENT TESTS

THESE SERVICES INCLUDES TESTS OF MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENT UNDER ESTABLISHED CODES
AND STANDARDS, SPECIALIZED EXAMINATION OF EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS USED IN
CONSTRUCTION AND INDUSTRY, AND OTHER INSPECTIONS AND MONITORING REQUIRED BY A CLIENT.

2.2.6. DIRECT PERSONAL SERVICES

THIS INCLUDES SERVICES SUCH AS ASSISTANCE IN PREPARATION FOR LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

APPEARANCES BEFORE COURTS OR COMMISSIONS TO RENDER EXPERT OPINIONS AND CONCLUSIONS,
AND INVESTIGATIONS OF TECHNICAL MATTERS WHERE SPECIALIZED CIVIL ENGINEERING KNOWLEDGE,
EXPERIENCE, AND JUDGEMENT IS REQUIRED.

2.2.7. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT

 RESEARCH IS A SPECIALIZED INVESTIGATION AND GATHERING OF DATA FROM EXISTING
RESOURCES OR THROUGH LABORATORY WORKS AND PROCESSES RELATED TO THE PURPOSE AND
OBJECT OF THE RESEARCH.

2.2.8. SPECIAL SERVICES

THESE SERVICES CAN VARY TO SUIT SPECIAL NEEDS OF THE CLIENT AND CAN INCLUDE SUCH
DIVERSE ACTIVITIES AS: VALUE ENGINEERING, APPRAISAL AND VALUATION, LOAD TESTING,
ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATIONS, TRAFFIC ENGINEERING, FORENSIC ENGINEERING FOR STRUCTURAL
AND OTHER FAILURES, OPERATIONAL ASSISTANCE, MATERIALS PROCESS DESIGN, PILOT STUDIES,
COMPUTER MODELING, SAFETY ENGINEERING, TOPOGRAPHIC, SOUNDING AND BOUNDARY SURVEY
ENGINEERING, TOXIC AND HAZARDOUS WASTE EVALUATION, PERMIT AND APPLICATION SERVICES,
SALES AND MARKETING SERVICES, AND EXPERT WITNESS.

2.3. DESIGN SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

CIVIL ENGINEERING SERVICES ARE REQUIRED FOR EACH OF SIX TYPICAL PHASES OF A CONSTRUCTION
PROJECT. THE SIX STANDARD PHASES OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT AND THE ENGINEERING SERVICES NEEDED
FOR EACH ARE:

 STUDY AND REPORT PHASE. ANALYSIS OF THE CLIENT’S NEEDS, CONCEPTUAL DESIGN, CONCEPTUAL
OPINIONS OF PROBABLE CONSTRUCTION COST.
 PRELIMINARY DESIGN PHASE. PREPARATION OF FINAL DESIGN CRITERIA, PRELIMINARY DRAWINGS,
OUTLINE SPECIFICATIONS, AND PRELIMINARY OPINIONS OF PROBABLE CONSTRUCTION COST.
 FINAL DESIGN PHASE. PREPARATION OF DESIGN CALCULATIONS, CONSTRUCTION DRAWINGS,
SPECIFICATIONS, ESTIMATED CONSTRUCTION COST, AND OTHER CONTRACT DOCUMENTS.
 BIDDING OR NEGOTIATING PHASE. ASSISTANCE TO THE CLIENT WITH THE BIDDING OR
NEGOTIATING PROCESS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF THE PROJECT.
 CONSTRUCTION PHASE. ADVICE AND CONSULTATION ON MATTERS RELATED TO HIS SERVICES.
 OPERATION PHASE. ASSISTANCE TO THE CLIENT IN START-UP AND OPERATION OF THE PROJECT,
INCLUDING PERIODIC INSPECTIONS.

2.4. CONSTRUCTION SERVICES

A CIVIL ENGINEER MAY BE EMPLOYED AS A CONSTRUCTION ENGINEER, RESIDENT CIVIL ENGINEER,

PROJECT ENGINEER, QUALITY CONTROL ENGINEER, COST ENGINEER OR ENGINEER INSPECTOR IN A PROJECT. IN
ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 23 OF RA 544, ONLY REGISTERED CIVIL ENGINEERS CAN TAKE CHARGE OR
SUPERVISE CONSTRUCTION OR ALTERATION OF ANY BUILDING OR STRUCTURE AND ANY OTHER CIVIL
ENGINEERING WORKS MENTIONED IN SECTION 2 OF THE MENTIONED REPUBLIC ACT.

2.5. SPECIAL SERVICES FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS

SPECIAL SERVICES REQUIRED DURING THE STUDY, DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, AND OPERATION PHASES
OF A CONSTRUCTION PROJECT MAY INCLUDE INVESTIGATIONS, REPORTS, AND ACTIVITIES BETOND THE SCOPE
OF THE BASIC SERVICES. THESE SERVICES, MANY OF WHICH ARE ALSO LISTED EARLIER IN THIS SECTION UNDER
THE CATEGORY “CONSULTANTS, INVESTIGATIONS, AND REPORTS,” MAY RELATE TO THE CLIENT’S DECISIONS AS
TO THE FEASIBILITY, SCOPE, AND LOCATION OF THE PROJECT. THE RESEARCH, COMPILATION OF ENGINEERING
DATA, AND ACQUISITION OF PROPERTY MAY INVOLVE PROFESSIONAL SPECIALISTS IN ENGINEERING AND OTHER
FIELDS.

2.6. ENGINEERING SUPPORT SERVICES

THE ENGINEERING SUPPORT SERVICES IN GENERAL CIVIL ENGINEERING PRACTICE MAY INVOLVE
DRAFTING, LAND AND CONSTRUCTION SURVEYING, AND OTHER DATA GATHERING ACTIVITIES FOR SPECIALIZED
PURPOSES. SINCE SOUNDNESS OF ANY ENGUNEERING DECISION IS DEPENDENT UPON THE ACURACY AND
SUITABILITY OF DATA OBTAINED IN FIELD AND LABORATORY INVESTIGATIONS, THESE SUPPORTING SERVICES
MUST BE UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THE CIVIL ENGINEER WHOSE DECISIONS WILL BE BASED UPN THOSE DATA.

2.7. ACADEMIC SERVICES

THESE SERVICES INVOLVE FULL OR PART TIME TEACHING OR TRAINING OF PROSPECTIVE PROFESSIONALS AND
ALSO THE UPGRADING OF KNOWLEDGE AND SKILLS OF FELLOW PROFESSIONALS.

2.8. SERVICES AS EMPLOYEE

 THIS IS A CONDITION WHEN A CIVIL ENGINEER ENGAGES TO PERFORM WORK OR FULFILL DUTIES
REGULARLY FOR WAGES OR SALARY BEING PAID BY AN EMPLOYER.

A LICENSED CIVIL ENGINEER MAY NOT ALLOW HIS LICENSED TO BE USED BY THE COMPANY THAT
EMPLOYS HIM WITHOUT THE PROPER AGREEMENT FOR HIS PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. WHEN THE FIRM HE IS
WORKING FOR USES HIS LICENSE TO SIGN AND SEAL THE PLANS, SPECIFICATIONS AND CONTRACT DOCUMENT,
THE CIVIL ENGINEER MUST CHARGE THE PROFESSIONAL FEE FOR SAID SERVICES.