Water Distribution

PREPARED BY:
DELA CERNA, ALYSSA G.
Water Distribution
• Distribution system is used to describe collectively the facilities used to supply
water from its source to the point of usage.
• They are designed to adequately satisfy the water requirement for a combination
of
• Domestic
• Commercial
• Industrial
• Fire fighting purposes

• The distribution of water on the Earth’s surface is extremely uneven.

Water Distribution Systems
• The purpose of distribution system is to deliver water to consumer with appropriate quality,
quantity and pressure. Distribution system is used to describe collectively the facilities used to
supply water from its source to the point of usage.

Requirements of Good Distribution System

• Water quality should not get deteriorated in the distribution pipes.
• It should be capable of supplying water at all the intended places with sufficient pressure head.
• It should be capable of supplying the requisite amount of water during firefighting.
• The layout should be such that no consumer would be without water supply, during the repair
of any section of the system.
• All the distribution pipes should be preferably laid one metre away or above the sewer lines.
• It should be fairly water-tight as to keep losses due to leakage to the minimum.
 Components of Water Distribution
• Source Facilities

Spring Deep Wells

Surface Water
• Treatment Facilities
• Chlorination - Is the most widely used means of disinfecting public water supplies. It aims to kill
any disease-causing micro-organism that might get into the water supply system.
• Sand Filters - Water flows downward through layers of sand and some coarser
medium. The material being filtered out accumulates at, or just below, the surface of
the filter media and must occasionally be removed by backwashing then to waste, to
eliminate clogging effect of removed pre-treatment.
• Storage Facilities
• Raw Water Tank

Ground Water Tank Elevated Water Tank

• Advantages of Elevated Storage
• Pumps are operated at constant head
• Pumps need not be operated continuously
• Short-time power outages do not affect water pressure and supply
• Pressures in the distribution system may be equalized by strategic location of the tank

• Advantages of Ground Storage

• Lower first cost
• Lower maintenance cost
• Easy observation of stored-water quality
• Greater safety
• Avoidance of unsightliness and other objectionable features of elevated storage
• Transmission Line
• Pipeline from source to storage facilities
• The distribution pipes are generally laid below the road pavements, and as such their layouts
generally follow the layouts of roads.