ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We sincerely express our deep sense of gratitude towards our respected

Prof. K.K.MORE. mam for his valuable guidance, profound advice, persistent
Encouragement and help during the completion of this project work. She time to-
time helpful suggestion boosted us to complete this task successfully. She has
helped us in all possible way right from gathering the information to report
presentation.

We express our thanks to Prof. N.B. KARWA Head of civil Engineering

Department for their kind cooperation during my project work.

With deep sense of gratitude it thank to Principal Dr.K .V.CHANDRATRE

and management of Loknete Gopinathji Munde Institute of Engineering
Education & Research for providing all necessary facilities and their constant
encouragement and all those who directly or indirectly contributed to complete
this project work.
INDEX
• IRRIGATION CONTROL STUCTURES
• CROSSING STRUCTURES
• WATER MEASURING STRUCTURES
• IRRIGATION IMPLEMENTS
 Irrigation structures &
Irrigation Implements

A PPT BY : JAY SANTOSH KSHIRSAGAR

 IRRIGATION STUCTURES
• They help regulate the flow and deliver the correct amount of water to the
different branches of the system and onward to the irrigated fields. There
are four main types of structures:
erosion control structures,
 distribution control structures,
 crossing structures and
water measurement structures.
IRRIGATION CONTROL STRUCTURES
• Any structure, the purpose or effect of which is to control flooding or
erosion from tidal, coastal or navigable waters and includes
breakwaters, bulkheads, groins, jetties, revetments, riprap, seawalls
and the placement of concrete, rocks or other significant barriers to
the flow of flood waters or the movement of sediments along the
irrigation.
 DISTRIBUTION CONTROL
STRUCTURE
• Distribution control structures are required for easy and accurate
water distribution within the irrigation system and on the farm.
four types of distribution control structures
A.) Division boxes
B.) Turnouts
C.) Checks
D.) Drop structures and chutes
TURNOUTS
• Turnouts are constructed in the bank of a canal. They divert part of
the water from the canal to a smaller one. Turnouts can be concrete
structures, or pipe structures.
CHECKS
• To divert water from the field ditch to the field, it is often necessary to
raise the water level in the ditch. Checks are structures placed across
the ditch to block it temporarily and to raise the upstream water level.
Checks can be permanent structures or portable.
 DROP STRUCTURES AND CHUTES
• Drop structures or chutes are required to reduce the bottom slope
of canals lying on steeply sloping land in order to avoid high
velocity of the flow and risk of erosion. These structures permit the
canal to be constructed as a series of relatively flat sections, each at
different elevation. Drop structures take the water abruptly from a
higher section of the canal to a lower one. In a chute, the water
does not drop freely but is carried through a steep, lined canal
section. Chutes are used where there are big differences in the
elevation of the canal.
CROSSING STRUCTURES
• It is often necessary to carry irrigation water across roads, hillsides
and natural depressions

Crossing structures are:

Flumes
 Culverts
Inverted Syphons
FLUMES
• Flumes are used to carry irrigation water across gullies, ravines or
other natural depressions. They are open channels made of wood
(bamboo), metal or concrete which often need to be supported by
pillars.
CULVERTS
• Culverts are used to carry the water across roads. The structure
consists of an inlet and outlet connected by a buried pipeline.
INVERTED SIPHONS
• When water has to be carried across a road which is at the same level
as or below the canal bottom, an inverted siphon is used instead of a
culvert. The structure consists of an inlet and outlet connected by a
pipeline. Inverted siphons are also used to carry water across wide
depressions.
 WATER MEASURING STRUCTURES
• The most commonly used water measuring structures are weirs and
flumes. In these structures, the water depth is read on scale which is
part of the structure. Using this reading, the flow rate is then computed
from standard tables prepared specially for the structure. Depending on
the flow condition (free flow or submerged flow), the water depth
readings are taken on one scale only (the upstream one) or on both
scales simultaneously.
IRRIGATION IMPLEMENTS
• It increases crop yield. It protects from famine. It helps to cultivate
superior crops with the water supply as per need of the crops.
Irrigation water improves water conditions in the soil, increases the
water content of plant fibers, dissolves nutrients & makes them
available to plants.
Types of irrigation implements:
A. Pumps
B. Drip Irrigation Systems
PUMPS
• Pumps commonly used for irrigation fall into the
following categories based on the design of the pump. ...
This spinning action moves the water through the pump
by means of centrifugal force.
Submersible Pumps: Submersible pumps are installed
completely underwater, including the motor
 DRIP IRRIGATION
• Drip irrigation is one of the most efficient methods for delivering water to
crops with minimal waste. Currently, it is used on less than 2 percent of
irrigated land in the world but it can reduce water use by 30 to 70 percent.
Although it has a high initial cost, there are a number of advantages including
reduction of evaporation, reduction of water consumed by weeds, and
irrigation to an exact root depth of crops.