THE RURAL SECTOR

MODULE II
RESOURCES
Anything needed or used to satisfy
an economic want or need.
ECONOMIC RESOURCE/FACTORS OF PRODUCTION
Resource utilized to produce goods
1. Land - Natural resources
2. Labor - Human mental and physical efforts
- Man-made resources used in production of goods
3. Capital
4. Entrepreneur - Person who develops and manage the business
and assume the risk for its success
RESOURCES in the Philippines
RESOURCE PRODUCTS LOCATIONS

• 13.42 million hectares as of 2020 compared to 13.09 in

• Agricultural Land (majority 2016
Soil Resources allocated to palay, corn ad • Region 2 and Region 4 having the most land allocation
coconut) while the NCR has none

• Commercial Forests - primary for • 1.9 million hectares designated for production (2015)
Forest Resources veneer, plywood, fiberboard, and • Main productions come from the Caraga Region
lumber dubbed the “Timber Corridor”

• Metallic minerals primarily nickel,

Mineral Resources
copper, iron, and aluminum • Zambales, Benguet, and Palawan are the with the most
• Non-metallic minerals primarily mines.
limestone, marble, and chromite

• Commercial, Municipal and

Aquaculture • BARMM – Bangsamoro Autonomous Region of Muslim
Fish Resources Mindanao produces the largest volume of fisheries
• Primarily lapu-lapu, talakitok, (2020)
milkfish, tilapia, etc.

Water Resources • Surface and ground water used

for irrigation, drinking water etc.
 RESOURCE PRODUCTS LOCATIONS

• Cattle, buffalo and other production enterprises

remained as small backyard operations and are
managed basically according to the traditional system.
Pasture and Livestock • Swine and Poultry being the main products in the
Meat, eggs, leather etc.
Resources industry where the biggest supply come from the
CALABARZON regions of the country
• declined mainly due to low fertility coupled with high
extraction rate

Classification of Resources
• Renewable resources: Renewable resources are generally living resources which can restock
• Non- renewable natural resources: Non-living renewable natural resources include soil, as well as
water, wind, tides and solar radiation, etc.
• Cyclic Resources: resources that have no final use as they can be used continuously like water
• Biotic resources: derived from animals and plants
• Abiotic resources: derived from the non-living world. Mineral and power resources
are also abiotic resources some are derived from nature.
RESOURCE CHARACTERISTICS
• UTILITY
The total satisfaction received by a consumer from consuming a good or service
• LIMITED AVAILABILITY/SCARCITY
Having people who have unlimited wants and needs in a world of limited resources. It states that society
has insufficient productive resources to fulfill all human wants and needs.
• POTENTIAL FOR DEPLETION
The exhaustion of raw materials within a region. Resource depletion is most used in reference to farming,
fishing, mining, and fossil fuels.

BASED ON STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

• POTENTAL RESOURCES
Known to exist and may be used in the future
• ACTUAL RESOURCES
Those that have been surveyed, their quantity and quality determined, and are being used in present times
• RESERVE RESOURCES
• STOCK RESOURCES
RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
• The management of natural resource with a particular focus on how management affects the
quality of life for both present and future generations.
• Brings together land use planning, water management, biodiversity conservation and the future
sustainability of industries like agriculture, mining, fishing, etc.
• Optimal extraction and use of non-renewable resources
MAJOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS
PROBLEMS POSSIBLE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES

• Use of traditional cultivation (organic fertilizers)

SHIFTING CULTIVATION • Improvising Shifting cultivation with the Taangya system or adding
crop variety
• Integration of livestock with shifting cultivation
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROBLEMS • Curbing felling of trees with stricter enforcement
DEFORESTATION
• Reforestation
• Reforestation
DESERTIFICATION Ground cover preservation
•
• Increased efficiency with fertilizer use with the integration of organic
FERTILIZER USE fertilizers
• Improved application of fertilizers
POLLUTION
• IPM or Integrated Pest Management
PESTICIDE USE • Regular introduction of new varieties
• Crop rotation
HUMAN RESOURCES
• The human resource plays a significant role in the economy of a country by contributing to productivity
• Human Resource is quantitative: Size of population of working age
• Human Resource is qualitative: productive capacity, degree of satisfaction enjoyed by the people served

LABOR FORCE
• Working members of the population

LABOR FORCE in the PHILIPPINES

• The labor force participation rate (LFPR) in July 2022 was placed at 65.2 percent, translating to 49.99 million
Filipinos 15 years and older who were either employed or unemployed.
TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT AND
INDUSTRIALIZATION

MODULE III
INDUSTRIALIZATION
• A transformation away from an agricultural- or resource-based economy, toward an
economy based on mass manufacturing
• Usually associated with increases in total income and living standards in a society
• Numerous strategies for industrialization have been pursued in different countries
over time, with varying levels of success
• Output of modern technology
THE CASE OF KOREA: Industrial Development
AFTER THE WAR
The country is reliant on foreign aide seeks to be self sufficient
GOAL OF SELF SUFFICIENCY BY CREATING A STRONG MANUFACTURING SECTOR

ISI or Import Substitution Industry

EOI or Export Oriented Industry

1. Technology focused on production of goods

2. Concentration of effort to technology development putting national economic
development at pause
3. Focus on the development of minor advancements of various goods rather than
limited major technologies to enhance productivity with the goal of
commercialization these goods
4. Acquisition of foreign technologies to become more competitive internationally
THE CASE OF JAPAN: Industrial Development
Factors that improved the Japanese Industry
1.Quality and high value product promotion
2.Mutual trust with manpower
Growth of profit held at same value as employee well-being
Fair compensation practices
3. Consensus decision making
Middle and lower level managers are involved in decision-
making
THANK YOU!