INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING

SERVICES ENGINEERING
DBT223

DIPLOMA IN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

UiTM PERAK
WEEK 2
CONTENT
•Introduction
Water Supply
•How Water Supply Works?
System

•Introduction
•Requirements
Water Distribution
•Design Factor
System •Types of WDS _ 1. Gravity System 2. Pump System 3. Pump & Gravity System

•Introduction
Layout of Water •Types of LWDS_1. Dead End System 2. Grid Iron System 3. Ring System 4. Radial System
Distribution
System

•Introduction
Cold Water Supply
•Types of Domestic Water Supply System_1. Direct System 2. Indirect System
System
INRTODUCTION of WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
• Water supply system, infrastructure for the collection, transmission,
treatment, storage, and distribution of water for homes,
commercial establishments, industry, and irrigation, as well as for
such public needs as firefighting and street flushing.
• Of all municipal services, provision of potable water is perhaps the
most vital. People depend on water for drinking, cooking, washing,
carrying away wastes, and other domestic needs.
INTRODUCTION of WATER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

• The Water Distribution System is a

conveyance system moving water
through miles of piping before
reaching your tap.
• It is the essential link between the
water supply source and the
consumer.
• Pumps allow water to move
through the system.

• Valves regulate water pressure and flow direction along the way.
• In all cases, the water must fulfill both quality and quantity requirements.
• The distribution system plays an important role in
water supply scheme.
• Distribution should be done in such a way so that the
water can be supplied evenly to the consumers and it
can be reach at every corner of various zones.
• The methods of distribution depend on the topography
of the town or city.
THE REQUIREMENTS of GOOD
WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• Able to supply clean water sufficiently.
• Effective distribution system
• Able to supply the water continuously with minimum
maintenance.
• Material of pipe should be durable and do not give long
term side effect to consumers.
• Distribution system should be economical.
THE DESIGN • The method of distribution
should be carefully decided
FACTOR of according to the conditions of
WATER intake point and the distribution
area.
DISTRIBUTION • The layout of distribution should
be decided according to the
SYSTEM nature of supply zone.
• The distribution pipe lines
should not be taken below the
sewer line.
• The joint of pipe lines should be
perfectly done and tested before
fill up the trenches.
• The pipes should be anti
corrosive and strong.
METHOD of WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• Water can be distributed by
1. Gravity
2. Pump
3. Pump and gravity method.
• The method of distribution depends on the
topography.
 1. GRAVITY SYSTEM
Topography :
This system is suitable when
the source of water
treatment plant and
reservoir are situated at the
high level than the
distribution area.
• Merit:
1. There is no possible of
break of water supply.
2. Pump is not required.
3. Low maintenance cost.
• Demerit:
1. High water pressure can
easily damages pipe and
distribution system.
2. Water may not rise to a
considerable height at the
consumers end.
 2. PUMP SYSTEM
Topography: • Merit:
This system is suitable 1. Ability to supply water to
higher ground areas.
when the source of • Demerit:
water treatment plant 1. There is possible of break of
and reservoir are water supply.
situated at the same 2. Pump is required.
level or lower level. 3. High maintenance cost.
 3. PUMP & GRAVITY SYSTEM
Topography :
This system is suitable when
the source of water
treatment plant and
reservoir are situated at the
mix level.
• Merit:
1. Very economical, the pumping
process operates at fixed rate.
2. Less maintenance.
3. Damage in pipe and distribution
system can be reduced.
• Demerit:
1. Pump is required.
2. Maintenance cost.
Pump and Gravity System
 LAYOUT of WATER
DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
• LWDS or pipe network include;
1. Main pipe: pipe that delivers water
from treatment plant to distribution
tank or directly to distribution area.
2. Feeder pipe (sub main): directly
connected to a main pipe for
distribution of water to housing or
industrial area.
3. Branch pipe: branch of pipe from a
feeder pipe to individual house,
building, factory or fire hydrant.
 1. DEAD-END SYSTEM
• Merit
1. Simple piping layout
2. Easy to construct
3. Low construction cost
4. Minimum length of pipe
• Demerit
1. Pipe ends are not
connected
2. Low water pressure
3. Stagnation of water
occurs in pipes
 2. GRID IRON SYSTEM
• Merit
1. Suitable for residential
area
2. Pipe ends are connected
3. Water pressure can be
control
4. Uninterrupted water
supply during maintenance
• Demerit
1. Complicated piping layout
2. High construction cost
3. Required more valve
 3. RING SYSTEM
• Merit
1. Suitable for planning
town area
2. Pipe end are connected
3. Undercontrol water
pressure
4. Uninterrupted water
supply during maintenance
• Demerit
1. High construction cost
2. Complicated piping
layout
3. Need more valve
 4. RADIAL SYSTEM
• Merit
1. Suitable for
residential area
2. Undercontrol water
pressure
3. Uninterrupted water
supply during
maintenance.
4. Quick service
• Demerit
1. High construction cost
COLD WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
A local authority has a duty to ensure that every
dwelling in its area is provided with, or has reasonably
available, a sufficient supply wholesome water for
domestic purposes.
 TYPES of DOMESTIC
WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM
DIRECT SYSTEM INDIRECT SYSTEM
• Clean water supply • Unclean water supply
• High water pressure • Low water pressure
• Unstable pressure • Changeable of water demand
• X storage tank • Water storage
• Less of pipe • Tank supported
INDIRECT vs
DIRECT
WATER SUPPLY
SYSTEM
IN BUILDING
Thank
U 4 ur
Attention.