IOT DEPLOYMENT CHALLENGES

About Myself
• IIT Kanpur Alumnus
• 19+ year Industry experience
• Presently working as Director at UniConverge Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
(UCT)
• Chief Mentor of The IoT Academy “Skill development and Trainings”
• Worked with many MNCs
• Ericsson AB, Sweden (for 7 years)
• STMicroelectronics Pvt. Ltd, Noida
• UbiNetics India Pvt Ltd, Bangalore
• SASKEN Communication Tech., Bangalore
What to discuss today?
• Glimpse of a real usecase
• IoT Layered Architecture
• Design Challenges in each layer
• Sensor selection
• Gateway selection
• Connectivity selection
• IoT Cloud platforms
• Deployment Challenges
• Best Practices
• Today's Takeaway
• Q&A 3
IoT is not a technology,
but
It is a complex ecosystem

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Glimpse of a real usecase

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Indian Railways Scenario (Northern railways case)
Indoor Signals (Relay
Room)

Outdoor Signals (Most of signals

will be captured by control box)
Requirements
• Sampling time of the analog input should be of the order of 100 msec or less for
few equipment's
• Line of site requirement for recommended technology if any.
• Which time will be taken in time stamps of measure quantity.
• Maximum permitted analog inputs can be connected with your offered device,
at some places analog inputs are concentrated of the order of few hundreds and
at some places of the few tens, do considered this fact while giving any
recommendations.
• Is there any means to distinguish between the parameter measured so that only
during variations let us say more then 2% of measure quantity only then data
will be sent to the server otherwise not.
• All these analog inputs are distributed in the distance range of 2-3 km. but also
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mention the solution you are providing will deliver in which distance range.
Generic feedback from industries

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IoT Layered Architecture

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Future Development would be around “DATA”

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Technologies around “DATA”
• From where Data come from : IoT/ Embedded
• How data is communicated from source to destination : Networking
& Communication Technologies
• How and where data is managed : Cloud Computing/
Big Data
• What to do with Data : Machine Leaning
• How to secure data : Cyber Security

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IoT Architechture
Challenges

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Challenges
• Design challenges
• Deployment challenges
• Security
• Scalability

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Design Challenges in each layer

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Design Challenges
• Sensor selection
• Gateway selection
• Connectivity selection
• IoT Cloud platforms
• Basic features
• Security

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Functional requirements of IoT Platform
 Data collection from the devices over different protocols and network topologies,
 Device Registry and management
 User and Access Management
 On-device data processing (Edge processing)
 Data Representation and Visualization
 Reporting, Rule Engine, Alerts and Notification
 Data processing and BI
 Components for frontend analytics
 Cloud-based deployment
 Security : TLS/ Encryption
 Remote device configuration and control
 Over-the-air firmware updates
 Scalable (cloud native) / Load Balancing
 Customizable
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 Integration with 3rd party software
Performance requirements of IoT Platform
• Scalability
• Stability with increase of Data volume
• Ease of use
• Good User Experience
• Easy deployment
• MQTT Performance (How many devices per client thread)
• Multi threaded
• Multi Client
• Multi topics

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IoT Cloud Platform

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AWS Cloud Platform

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GE Predix Cloud Platform

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Databases

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Properties of IoT Data

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Database Requirement for IoT

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Evolution of Database Management System

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Simple Database integration
Device Registry, Mgmt and
Server Config.

Data Acquisition DVS

DB
Module (DASHBOARD/WebUI)

Predictive Maintenance
Business Intelligence
&
Third Party ERP APPs

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DB Selection
• What is good choice of DB at server?
• How can we make DB load and multiple access agnostic?
• Data queue management tool e.g. Kafka etc
• Scalability and Stability
• How many devices/channels/TAGs can be supported?
• In case of Edge computing,
• Huge volume of IOT Data acquisition, filtering, storage in DB
• How DB is managed for high volume?
• Highly loaded access of DB

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Opportunities
Challenges
 Challenges
• IoT suffers from Market Failures and Externality Effects e.g., Accrual of
societal benefits depend on the broad adoption of IoT-enabled solutions
(thermostats/health). E.g., Competitiveness Externalities
• IoT suffers from “Chicken-and-Egg” Challenges e.g., The success of many
IoT apps depends on the success of complementary technologies/systems
(e.g., energy/transit).
• Interoperability and Standards-Setting Issues e.g. Governments have an
important coordinating role to play in developing large-scale deployments
of sensor networks and smart infrastructure that spans multiple
jurisdictions.
• Ensuring adequate radio spectrum and coherent regulatory approach.
 Challenges
• Global cooperation
• Proprietary and incompatible protocols
• Lack of APIs
• Example: Common external power supply
• Technological challenges
• Power usage
• Scalability
• Security
• Communication mechanisms
• Ethics, control society, surveillance, consent and data driven life
IoT Data- Challenges
• Multi-modal and heterogeneous
• Noisy and incomplete
• Time and location dependent
• Dynamic and varies in quality
• Crowed sourced data can be unreliable
• Requires (near-) real-time analysis
• Privacy and security are important issues
• Data can be biased- we need to know our data!
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IoT Data Challenges
• Interoperability: various data in different formats, from different sources
(and different qualities)
• Discovery: finding appropriate device and data sources
• Access: Availability and (open) access to resources and data
• Search: querying for data
• Integration: dealing with heterogeneous device, networks and data
• Interpretation: translating data to knowledge usable by people and
applications
• Scalability: dealing with large number of devices and myriad of data and
computational complexity of interpreting the data. 36
Typical Industrial Challenges
Challenges: Connectivity's Diversity
Challenges: Protocol's Diversity
Deployment Scenarios: Industrial Automation
Deployment Challenges

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 Response
• Sampling of Analog Signals < 100ms
• LPWAN gives better Range (upto 3km in Rural) in case of line of site. In case of
No LOS, range may vary from 500 meters to 2000 meters.
• Measurement quantity will carry server time stamp that is sync with device time.
• If analog signals are concentrated then they can be sent over Modbus, Gateway
can handle upto 100 Analog signals but if Modbus is not possible then data
needs to be sent over LPWAN to Gateway, that can handle 10 Analog signals
(Need to write correct figures, check original question)
• Data is sent to server only when it exceeds more than preset threshold
variations.

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Challenges
IoT Solution
Analog Analog to RS485
Signal converters DAMS HW
Sources (8AI to RS485)
Modbus over Cloud Server
Air Inteface
RS485

Multiport
* Ethernet to
* DAMS HW 2G/4G Modem
*

Modbus over Ethernet

RS485
Ethernet
DAMS HW

Modbus over Ethernet

RS485
IoT Solution
Analog to LoRA to Ethernet
Analog
LoRA Converter
Signal
Converters
Sources
LoRA Air Inteface
Air Interface Cloud Server

LoRA Air Inteface Multiport

*
* Ethernet to
* 2G/4G Modem
DAMS HW Ethernet

Ethernet
DAMS HW

LoRA Air Inteface

Ethernet
IoT Solution If No. of Analog Sources are

CASE 1: CASE 2:
No. in order of 10s No. in order of 100

Closer to No Far from

Station? Station?

Yes
Yes
Is Internet
Connectivity No Use 2G/4G for Cloud
Available over Server Connectivity
Yes Ethernet?
Use Ethernet for Cloud
Server Connectivity
If End node are No
clustered and close by

Send data from End source

Send data from End source Yes Node to GW over LoRA
Node to GW over RS485

Use UCT Monitoring solution

for all cases mentioned above
Security

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 Information Security
Office of Budget and Finance
Education – Partnership – Solutions
Why be concerned about IoT?
• It’s just another computer, right?
• All of the same issues we have with access
control, vulnerability management,
patching, monitoring, etc.

• Imagine your network with 1,000,000 more

devices

• Any compromised device is a foothold on

the network
Security & Privacy
• Are they important?
• What is the risk?
• What are the challenges?
• Device level
• Network level
• System level
• User level
• Solutions?

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What Can Breach IoT Networks?
• What can’t?
• Billions of connected devices
• Secure and insecure locations
• Security may or may not be built in
• Not owned or controlled by IT … but data flows through
the network

• Any node on your network can potentially provide

access to the core
Unintended Security Exposures*
• Farm Feeding System in the U.S.

• Mine Ventilation System in Romania

• Hydroelectric Plant in the U.S.

* Source: Wired, November 2013

IT Breach via OT Network

• Breached via Stolen Credentials from HVAC Vendor

• 40 Million Credit And Debit Cards Stolen
• PII Stolen From 70 Million Customers
• Reputation Damage*
• 46% drop in year-over-year profit
• 5.3% drop in year-over-year revenue
• 2.5% drop in stock price
• CEO Fired
* Source: KrebsonSecurity, May 2014
 Information Security
Office of Budget and Finance
Education – Partnership – Solutions
Attacking IoT
• Default, weak, and hardcoded credentials
• Difficult to update firmware and OS
• Lack of vendor support for repairing vulnerabilities
• Vulnerable web interfaces (SQL injection, XSS)
• Coding errors (buffer overflow)
• Clear text protocols and unnecessary open ports
• DoS / DDoS
• Physical theft and tampering
Conclusion: Securely Embrace IoT!
• New challenges require new thinking!
• avoid operational siloes
• networking and convergence are key
• a sound security solution is integrated throughout
• build for the future
• Security must be pervasive
• inside and outside the network
• device- and data-agnostic
• proactive and intelligent
• Intelligence, not data
• convergence, plus analytics
• speed is essential for real-time decisions
The Secure IoT Architecture – IT Plus OT!
NewAPPLICATION
Business Models Partner
AND BUSINESS Ecosystem
INNOVATION
Cloud-based
Threat Analysis
/ Protection
Data Control Application
Integration
Big Data Applications
Analytics
Systems Integration
Network and
Perimeter
Application Interfaces Security

Application Enablement Platform Security

Services
Services
Physical
Security
Infrastructure Interfaces
Device-level
Security /
Anti-tampering
Application Centric Infrastructure
End-to-End
Data
Device and Sensor Innovation Encryption
Best Practices

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 Information Security
Office of Budget and Finance
Education – Partnership – Solutions
Recommendations
Accommodate IoT with existing
practices:

• Policies, Procedures, & Standards

• Awareness Training

• Risk Management

• Vulnerability Management

• Forensics
 Information Security
Office of Budget and Finance
Education – Partnership – Solutions

Recommendations
• Plan for IoT growth:

• Additional types of logging, log storage: Can you

find the needle in the haystack?

• Increased network traffic: will your firewall / IDS /

IPS be compatible and keep up?

• Increased demand for IP addresses both IPv4 and

IPv6

• Increased network complexity – should these

devices be isolated or segmented?
Challenges
Today’s Takeaway
Challenges
 THANKS
UniConverge Technologies Pvt. Ltd.
(www.uniconvergetech.in)
&
The IoT Academy
(www.theiotacademy.co)
C56/11, Sector-62, Noida