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ISBN Working Safely With Bridge and Gantry Cranes Handbook 2008 06
ISBN Working Safely With Bridge and Gantry Cranes Handbook 2008 06
for workplaces
WorkSafe Victoria
Advisory Service Working safely
with bridge and
222 Exhibition Street
Melbourne 3000
Phone 03 9641 1444
gantry cranes
Toll-free 1800 136 089
Email info@worksafe.vic.gov.au
Head Office
222 Exhibition Street
Melbourne 3000
Phone 03 9641 1555
Toll-free 1800 136 089
Website worksafe.vic.gov.au
Local Offices
June 2008
Edition No. 1
Ballarat 03 5338 4444
Bendigo 03 5443 8866
Dandenong 03 8792 9000
Geelong 03 5226 1200
Melbourne
(628 Bourke Street) 03 9941 0558
Mildura 03 5021 4001
Mulgrave 03 9565 9444
Preston 03 9485 4555
Shepparton 03 5831 8260
Traralgon 03 5174 8900
Wangaratta 03 5721 8588
Warrnambool 03 5564 3200
VWA 1140/01/05.08
On 18 June 2017, the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2017 (OHS Regulations
2017) replaced the Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2007 (OHS Regulations
2007), which expired on this date. This publication has not yet been updated to reflect
the changes introduced by the OHS Regulations 2017 and should not be relied upon
as a substitute for legal advice.
Information on the key changes introduced by the OHS 2017 Regulations can be found in
the guidance titled Occupational Health and Safety Regulations 2017: Summary of changes
- available at https://www.worksafe.vic.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/207659/ISBN-
OHS-regulations-summary-of-changes-2017-04.pdf. However, this guidance document
contains material of a general nature only and is not to be used as a substitute for obtaining
legal advice.
Contents
Introduction 1
How to use this guide 2
1. Equipment 3
Bridge and gantry cranes 4
Slings and accessories 10
Specialised lifting equipment 17
2. Environment 19
Plant layout 20
Workplace traffic 20
Noise 21
Housekeeping 21
Lighting 21
3. Work procedures 22
Information, instruction, training and supervision 23
Planning the work 25
Operating plant 26
Parking plant 28
Maintaining plant 29
5. Credits 32
Appendices 33
Appendix A – An introduction to guidance material 33
WorkSafe Victoria is a trading name
Appendix B – Terms used 35 of the Victorian WorkCover Authority.
Appendix C – Flat webbing and round synthetic slings 36 The information presented in Working
Appendix D – Discard criteria for flexible steel wire rope 37 safely with bridge and gantry cranes is
intended for general use only. It should not
Appendix E – Example of procedures for custom be viewed as a definitive guide to the law,
and homemade accessories 39 and should be read in conjunction with the
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004
and the Occupational Health and Safety
Regulations 2007.
This publication is protected by copy-
right. WorkSafe encourages the free
transfer, copying and printing of this
publication if such activities support the
purposes and intent for which the publi-
cation was developed.
Introduction
Operating a bridge or gantry crane is skilled work. When the safe work principles
in this guide are not followed, there is potential to cause fatalities, injury or
property damage.
The guide covers the powered operation of bridge and gantry cranes in all
configurations. Powered operations include traversing, travelling, hoisting
(raise and lower are considered to be one operation) and rotation.
It is expected that employers, health and safety representatives (HSRs), health
and safety committees, employees and WorkSafe inspectors will use this guide
to form an opinion about suitable health and safety risk controls, under the test
of ‘reasonably practicable’.
This guide is not a substitute for training. This guide does not cover the specifics
that a bridge and gantry crane operator, dogging or rigging person would need
to know to perform their job competently and safely.
A general overview of guidance material can be found in Appendix A.
Occupational health and safety legislation in all states requires employers to:
• ensure risks associated with plant and their operations are eliminated
or reduced so far as is reasonably practicable
• ensure supervisors and employees, including independent contractors,
are trained and provided with information on:
– the nature of hazards associated with the plant, and
– the safe operation of plant.
Operating cranes safely is a critical function. Costs associated with crane incidents
have been significant due to a combination of reasons:
• fatalities
• serious injuries
• property damage
• fines
• increased premiums
• lost time, and
• training.
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 1
Introduction
This table gives a breakdown of crane-related fines, including bridge and gantry
cranes, but excluding electrocution and toppling incidents
Load Slinging
Individual, including 4 $22,850 approx $5,700 approx
managers
Crushed by plant Damaged load
Broken lifting gear Under load
It should be noted that eight of the prosecutions relate to plant failure. This guidance
Structure failed Altered plant primarily deals with inspection, maintenance and disposal of plant to make quality
Inappropriate use requirements clear.
There were three prosecutions relating to inappropriate use of plant. Using plant
for its intended purpose is a fundamental safety requirement.
It should be noted that the potential for prosecution exists when there is failure
to comply with the law and not just when an incident occurs.
Work practices in the red column The solutions in the green column
must not be used in bridge and gantry are the most effective at reducing risk
operations. An employer who allows and should be the aim of all workplaces.
these work practices to be used is likely
to be in breach of OHS legislation.
2 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
1. Equipment
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 3
1. Equipment
A bridge crane. Bridge and gantry cranes may be operated from within a cabin mounted on the crane
bridge or remotely from the ground, either through a hard-wired pendant control or
radio control.
The major components of bridge and gantry cranes are:
• the runways
• the bridge
• the hoist unit
• the crab or hoist trolley used to transverse the load
• the winch drum and hoist rope
• the rope termination points, the hook and hook block, which may contain
one or more sheaves
• the braking systems
• the ‘crane operating area’
A gantry crane. • the electrical supply and its isolation points
• the provision of access for service and maintenance/repairs, and
• the load limiting devices, which prevent the rated capacity being exceeded.
Crane controls
It’s advisable they:
• have ‘fail-safe’ control buttons (i.e. constant pressure type)
• have appropriately labelled function buttons
• are of waterproof construction, and
• are fitted with a manually reset emergency stop button.
Additional for cabin controls
Modern cabin controlled bridge and gantry cranes will normally have joysticks to
control all movement on the crane.
A gantry combination crane.
Cabins may be cramped in design. Ensure controls are protected so that the operator
getting in and out of the cabin seat will not cause accidental operation. Dead man’s
brake pedal or mechanical protection of joy stick control levers can prevent this.
4 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
1. Equipment
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 5
1. Equipment
Safety devices
There are a number of devices which can be fitted to bridge and gantry cranes
to improve their safety:
Anti-collision devices
Anti-collision devices prevent two or more bridge and gantry cranes operating
on the same runway from colliding with each other.
Deceleration devices
Deceleration devices, such as limit switches and two-stage decelerators, slow
the bridge or gantry crane down regardless of what control is being pressed when
a travelling crane is approaching the end of the runway, to prevent end stop collision
or over run.
Load-limiting devices
All bridge and gantry cranes should be fitted with load-limiting devices. Load-limiting
devices assess the load and prevent lifting should the rating capacity of the plant
be exceeded.
Anti-fall devices
Anti-fall devices, such as anti-drop plates, should be fitted to bridge and gantry
cranes to prevent falls of plant in the event of failure.
Minimum working height
The minimum clearance above working mezzanines is 1.8 metres.
Access to ladders and platforms
Service platforms should be provided for all bridge and gantry components that
require servicing. Where a permanent structure is not provided, a mobile device,
such as a cherry picker, can be provided so long as it remains available at all times.
Work platforms should have fall protection incorporated.
The work platform should be designed so that tools and parts can be accessed
without needing to be carried up ladders (three points of contact).
Service areas should be isolated from power sources. For further information, see
AS 1418.3 – 1997, Cranes, hoists and winches – Bridge, gantry, portal and jib cranes.
Signage
The crane classification and working load limit of the crane must be displayed on
each bridge and gantry crane.
6 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
1. Equipment
Example:
It is determined that the crane needed must have: 5 tonne capacity, 15 metre span and
a two speed all motion capacity. The crane will operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
In this case, see the table below for two options:
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 7
1. Equipment
Inspection table
8 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
1. Equipment
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 9
1. Equipment
10 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
1. Equipment
General
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 11
1. Equipment
General (continued)
12 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
1. Equipment
General (continued)
Selection
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 13
1. Equipment
Inspection
14 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
1. Equipment
Inspection (continued)
Flexible steel wire rope slings Flexible steel wire rope slings
• The following signs of damage (as a minimum) are
looked for during each inspection of flexible steel wire
rope slings:
– observe the construction and lay of the rope
– check for signs of rope wear, fatigue, damage
and stretching
– check the whole rope for multiple broken wires
in the one spot (cut)
– check the talurit or swaged splices for fatigue, corrosion,
wear and broken wires where the rope enters a splice, and
– check the whole rope for broken wires (max 10%)
in any length of its lay.
Length of lay
Disposal
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 15
1. Equipment
Storage
Chain slings
• Lightly oil chain slings before any prolonged storage.
• Never heat or heat-treat chain slings.
Flexible steel wire rope slings Flexible steel wire rope slings
• Flexible steel wire rope slings are exposed • Flexible steel wire rope slings never come into contact
to corrosive substances. with corrosive substances.
• Fibre rope slings are available and/or used for lifting. • Fibre rope slings are not used for lifting.
16 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
1. Equipment
General General
• Controls in use do not prevent accidental release • Controls have a guard or supplementary push button
of load. to prevent accidental release of load.
• Lifting is conducted in exclusion zones.
• Warnings are fitted to indicate:
– batteries are in use
– batteries are low on power, and
– magnet not operating at full power.
Selection
• Magnetic, vacuum and friction lifting attachments
are selected with an adequate design factor to its
rated capacity, taking into account:
– size of load
– shape of load, and
– mass of load.
Inspection Inspection
• Testing is not conducted daily to ensure: • Critical testing is conducted daily to ensure:
– back-up batteries are charged and working – back up batteries are charged and working
– warning devices are working to indicate power – warning devices are working to indicate power
and battery failure, and and battery failure, and
– power, battery and control interlocking devices – power, battery and control interlocking devices
are working. are working.
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 17
1. Equipment
General General
• Customised and homemade lifting equipment • Customised and homemade lifting equipment
is not designed by an appropriate engineer. is designed by an appropriate engineer.
• Customised and homemade lifting equipment
is fit for purpose.
• Customised and homemade lifting equipment
is designed to be a fail safe attachment
(only attach one way).
• Customised and homemade lifting equipment
is designed with a deliberate action release.
18 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
2. Environment
Plant layout
Workplace traffic
Noise
Housekeeping
Lighting
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 19
2. Environment
Bridge and gantry crane operation can be affected by the environment of the
workplace. This in turn can affect the overall health and safety of all employees.
Plant layout and other physical situations need to be considered and addressed
to ensure workers are not placed at risk.
Plant layout
The layout of plant should always be considered from a health and safety perspective,
as well as from a production perspective. Bridge and gantry cranes run on runways,
which gives the employer complete control of the crane operating area. The workplace
should be set up so that a crane operator has the load in full view at all times.
The following matters should always be considered:
• the ‘crane operating area’ of the bridge and gantry crane
• the location of slings and other crane accessories
• the location of designated raw material and delivery areas
• raw materials are stored in an easily accessible area close to the
start of the production area
• linear workflow through the production line
• clear areas of work
• elimination of blind spots
• traffic management and identified segregation
• the location of workstations, and
• manual handling of loads and lifting equipment.
Workplace traffic
A documented traffic management plan is crucial for resolving many hazards and
risks. The plan should include bridge and gantry crane hazards and risks. The plan
needs to address hazards and risks where bridge and gantry crane work interacts
with worker, pedestrian, vehicle or other plant movements. This includes where
multiple cranes operate on the same runway.
Traffic hazards that should be addressed include:
• pedestrian exclusion zones
• designated traffic zones
• loading and unloading zones
• right of way
• incident reporting and investigation
• blind spots
• site layout
• signage
• workstations in the ‘crane operating area’, and
• trapping spaces.
The involvement of HSRs and other employees – particularly a dogging or rigging
person and/or bridge and gantry crane operator – is an essential part of this process.
This involvement should result in many ideas and possible solutions.
The Traffic Management Plan should be regularly reviewed and updated when
workplace changes or equipment upgrades occur.
Refer to WorkSafe Victoria’s guidance booklet – Forklift safety. Reducing the Risk.
20 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
2. Environment
Noise
Bridge and gantry cranes can be located in a variety of workplaces. The noise
from surrounding areas can impact on the safe operation of this plant. The noise
regulations are to protect people from noise-induced hearing loss. There may be
other noise-related hazards that impact on safe bridge and gantry crane operation.
These hazards should be identified, assessed and controlled.
Where there is background or nuisance noise, an assessment should be conducted.
Any identified hazards and/or risks should be controlled.
Background or nuisance noise can cause a hazard or risk as it can become
a distraction or cause problems with communication. Background noise becomes
an issue where it impacts on the effective communication of the bridge and gantry
crane crew. Noise can also be a hazard when a worker is working within the ‘crane
operating area’ and cannot hear that the crane has commenced work in the area.
Housekeeping
By implementing a good housekeeping plan, workplaces are kept clean and free
of waste. Risk of injuries occurring due to slip, trips and falls, together with injuries
resulting from hitting stationary objects, is also reduced. A tidy well laid out workplace
can also increase work efficiency. Working zones in the ‘crane operating area’
particularly need to be kept clean and free of waste.
Items should be stored correctly with no parts protruding onto walkways. Electrical
leads should not be on the floor; tools should have designated areas for storage; and
bins for waste should be readily available and be easy to empty.
Structured programs that focus on organisation, cleanliness and standardisation can
be introduced to the workplace to assist with this. Cleanliness can be maintained in
a ‘clean as you go’ manner. Good housekeeping sets a clear environment that helps
identify hazards and risks more effectively.
Lighting
The quality of lighting in a workplace has a significant effect on safety and
productivity. Lighting should be sufficient so all areas of travel are lit for the crane
operator to clearly observe the load and hazards at all times. Lighting also needs
to be sufficient so that the bridge and gantry crane crew can perform tasks such
as slinging correctly and safely.
The following actions can improve the lighting within the workplace:
• making full use of natural light by installing windows and skylights
• ensuring overhead and fixed lighting is at appropriate levels and is
well-maintained and replaced when needed
• using task lighting with a flexible arm to enable light to be directed to the spot
where light is needed, and
Clear and well-lit work areas allow • painting ceilings and walls a lighter colour will allow more light to be reflected
the crane operator to clearly observe and assist in increasing the light within the workplace.
the load.
Refer to Australian Standards AS 1680 Interior Lighting.
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 21
3. Work procedures
Operating plant
Pre-operation
Operating the bridge and gantry crane
Parking plant
Maintaining plant
Reporting faults
General maintenance
Preventative maintenance
Recommissioning
22 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
3. Work procedures
Site specific training is required when employing a bridge and gantry crane
operator or a person with a dogging or rigging licence. This training will need to
cover (as a minimum) the specific equipment to be used and the site procedures.
Supervision
Safety supervision (supervision) is different from production supervision.
The employer must supervise to ensure that employees do what is required
for their own health, safety and welfare, including that of others.
Employees may fail to understand and follow instructions because:
• the instructions may not have been clearly expressed
• the system of work may not be sufficiently and clearly defined
• the system of work may not be practicable
• the relevance or importance of elements of systems of work may
not be appreciated
• employees may not appreciate the dangers of not using or following safeguards, or
• work pressures, environmental conditions or other distractions may lead
to inattention.
An employer may be in a position to personally supervise. The employer should
ensure proper supervision is being undertaken where this task has been delegated.
This can be done by reports from the person delegated. Supervisors must be
competent, know how to best use specific risk controls and be supported in this role.
Where a person is being trained to acquire competencies and/or licences they must
be provided with direct supervision. The supervisor of a trainee must be authorised
by the employer and be a suitably competent person. Where the trainee is being
trained in relation to licensed work, the supervisor must hold the relevant licence.
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 23
3. Work procedures
The plant
• No operator’s manual is available on site. • Employers provide an operator’s manual that includes
• Employees do not have access to the operator’s manual. the crane manufacturer’s recommendations.
• Employers ensure the employee understands the
instructions given in the operator’s manual.
• Operators are not trained because they were employed • Employer ensures crane operators are trained about
in the role with a previous employer. the specific plant in use at the workplace, including:
– lockouts
– safety devices
– emergency stops
– operation, and
– maintenance requirements.
The workplace
• There are no standard operating procedures in place. • Standard operating procedures are in place.
• Crane operators have been inducted and are familiar
with the area they will be working in, including:
– interlocking between plant, and
– exclusion zones in high risk areas.
• Supervisor(s) ensure that crane operators and dogging
and rigging persons are familiar with any operating
procedures and other site rules, including:
– emergency and evacuation procedures are in place,
and
– procedures are in place for reporting faults, hazards
and risks.
24 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
3. Work procedures
Production
• Loads need to be lifted over: • The job is planned so that bridge and gantry crane
– employees (in workstations) operations do not lift loads over:
– pedestrians – employees (in workstations)
– mobile plant – pedestrians
– structures where people could be inside (offices, etc.) – mobile plant
– dangerous goods, including storage areas, and – structures where people could be inside (offices, etc.)
– obstacles that could be caught in the load. – dangerous goods, including storage areas, and
– obstacles that could be caught in the load.
This is achieved via:
– workplace design
– exclusion zones
– barriers
– warning systems
– work procedures, and
– scheduling of work times.
• All jobs are planned prior to starting them.
• The job is planned so that travel paths and loads do not
cause blind spots or crush points.
• Exclusion zones are set up in high-risk areas, such
as foundries where molten metal is moved and where
magnetic, vacuum and friction lifting equipment is used.
• Plans are clear about what plant and work processes
have right of way over others.
• Plans should be formalised in writing to form part of
the standard operating procedures.
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 25
3. Work procedures
Maintenance
• Maintenance tasks are done on an adhoc basis • Maintenance tasks are planned to eliminate interaction
during busy production times. with bridge and gantry crane operation.
• A job safety analysis is prepared for all maintenance
activities prior to work commencing.
• The work area is inspected prior to work commencing.
• Work conducted above or on bridge and gantry cranes
is only done whilst the crane is locked out, an exclusion
zone is set up, and the area is well signed.
Operating plant
The task of operating bridge and gantry cranes is hazardous work. This work needs to be carefully planned and conducted by
competent and trained personnel in accordance with specifically developed standard operating procedures to ensure safety.
Pre-operation
• Plant is not labelled with the Working Load Limit (WLL). • Each piece of plant is labelled with the Working Load
Limit (WLL).
• There is no formalised training and refresher training • Formalised training procedure, including refresher
procedure in place for operators. training, is in place for operators.
• There are no standard operating procedures • Standard operating procedures are in place for the
in place for plant. inspection, use, repair, discarding and storage/parking
of all plant.
• There are no pre-operational checks completed. • Pre-operational checks are conducted on all plant,
including:
– lockouts
– safety devices, and
– emergency stops.
• Where pre-operational checks identify uncontrolled
hazards, the bridge or gantry crane is not put into service
until it is safe to do so.
• Provide emergency exit from cabin.
26 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
3. Work procedures
• Operators are not trained, competent or don’t hold • Operators are trained, competent and hold the
the required licences. required licences.
• Crane operators are able to access high risk areas. • Exclusion zones are set up in high risk areas, such as
foundries where molten metal is moved and where
magnetic, vacuum and friction lifting equipment is used.
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 27
3. Work procedures
• People travel, work under or go under suspended loads: • Clear and defined pathways are provided
– crane operator and maintained for operators.
– employees (in workstations), • Standard operating procedures are in place that
prevent people from travelling, working or going
– pedestrians, and
under suspended loads:
– mobile plant.
– crane operator
– employees (in workstations)
– pedestrians, and
– mobile plant.
Parking plant
When not in use, bridge and gantry cranes need to be parked. Parking bridge and gantry cranes in designated areas can prevent
accidental damage. The bridge and gantry crane also needs to be secured to prevent unauthorised use.
• There are no procedures for parking bridge and • Bridge and gantry cranes are driven to the
gantry cranes. designated parking area and parked.
• There is no designated parking area.
• Crane is left in its unattended configuration.
• Isolate the crane using the established isolation
procedures.
• Activate the storm brakes where fitted.
• Cabins, where fitted, are locked.
• Ensure that all controllers are isolated (where applicable).
• No procedures are in place for preventing • Isolation and other keys are removed to prevent
unauthorised use. unauthorised access.
28 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
3. Work procedures
Maintaining plant
In the introduction to this guide, we covered the effects of poor maintenance in relation to prosecutions. This is a critical
area and planning these tasks goes a long way to reducing the associated risks. Supervision is another area that is critical
in achieving safety in relation to maintenance tasks.
Reporting faults
• Faulty plant is not reported, recorded or tagged. • Defective plant is noted in the logbook and reported to
the supervisor or an authorised person.
• Faulty plant continues to be used. • Defective plant is locked out, clearly marked to indicate
rejection and rendered unusable pending a decision
on how serious the fault is and whether the crane
is repairable.
• Only competent people repair faults.
General maintenance
• There are no procedures for maintenance. • There is a maintenance procedure that takes into
account the recommendations of the manufacturer.
• Only competent people carry out maintenance tasks.
• Maintenance procedures are not followed. • The maintenance procedure is followed by all competent
person(s) carrying out maintenance on the crane and
accessories.
• Before carrying out any maintenance procedure
on the crane, the main isolator should be switched off
and locked in position.
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 29
3. Work procedures
• ‘Lockout’ procedures are not available or are • Each person involved in the maintenance work attaches
not used. their own lock to the appropriate switch.
• Workers are not able to lockout plant with their own lock. • No person is able to remove another person’s lock.
• Any person can remove another person’s lock. • Where there is more than one crane on a runway,
all cranes will be shut down whilst maintenance work
is carried out on a crane.
• Access platforms are provided for servicing bridge
and gantry cranes.
Preventative maintenance
Unacceptable Work Practice Risk Control Solutions
Recommissioning
Unacceptable Work Practice Risk Control Solutions
• There are no formalised start up procedures in place. • There is a recommissioning and testing procedure
• Start up procedures are not followed. that has been undertaken prior to restarting a bridge
or gantry crane that has been decommissioned.
• Visual inspections are done to ensure that no other
maintenance people are on or near the crane.
• All tags are removed once it is safe to do so.
30 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
4. Information
and guidance
Other publications • WorkSafe – Consultation on Health and Safety: A Handbook for Workplaces
• WorkSafe – Your health and safety guide to Consultation
• WorkSafe – A Guide to Safety in the Metal Fabrication Industry 2007
• WorkSafe – A Guide to Safety in the Wood and Wood Products Industry 2007
• WorkSafe – Machinery and Equipment Safety – An Introduction 2007
• WorkSafe – Your health and safety guide to Managing Young Workers
• WorkSafe – Safety Tips for Young Workers
• Australian Standard AS 2550.1 – 2005, Cranes, hoists and winches –
Safe Use – General requirements
• Australian Standard AS 2550.3 – 2005, Cranes, hoists and winches –
Safe Use – Bridge, gantry, portal, jib and monorail cranes.
• Australian Standard AS 1418.1 – 1997, Cranes, hoists and winches –
General requirements
• Australian Standard AS 1418.3 – 1997, Cranes, hoists and winches –
Bridge, gantry, portal and jib cranes
• International Standards ISO 4309 – 2004, Crane wire ropes –
methods for examination
• Australian Standard AS 1353 – 1997, Synthetic Web Slings
• Australian Standard AS 4497 – 1997, Synthetic Round Slings
• Australian Standard AS 3776 – 2006, Lifting components for Grade T chain slings
• Australian Standard AS 1666 – 1995, Wire Rope Slings
• Australian Standard AS 2759 – 2004, Steel wire rope application guide
• Australian Standard AS 4991 – 2004, Lifting Devices
• Australian Standard AS 2549 – 1996, Cranes (including hoists & winches)
– Glossary of terms
• Australian Standard AS 4024.1 – 2006, Safety of Machinery
For copies of the above Acts and Regulations, go to www.dms.dpc.vic.gov.au
or phone Information Victoria on 1300 366 356.
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 31
5. Credits
32 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
Appendices
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 33
Appendices
Issue Resolution
When a health, safety and/or welfare issue arises in relation to bridge or gantry
crane operation, the employer and employees affected must attempt to resolve
it. The employees are entitled to be represented by their HSR in this process.
Section 73 of the OHS Act details how health and safety issues are to be resolved
at the workplace. The employer or their representative (i.e. manager, supervisor) and
employees affected by an issue must try to resolve health and safety issues using
agreed workplace procedures. The employer or representative attempting to resolve
health and safety issues must be sufficiently senior and competent to act and make
decisions. If the issue can’t be resolved, a WorkSafe Victoria inspector can be called
in to assist in this process.
For more information on the duty to consult, please refer to the WorkSafe Victoria’s
publications Guides Talking Safety Together and Consultation – A User’s Guide.
Contractors
Employers’ legal duty to provide and maintain a safe work environment applies
to employees, contractors and labour hire workers.
Young workers
Young Victorian workers aged between 15 and 24 are more likely to be injured
at work than any other age group. Young workers must be properly trained,
supervised and provided with sufficient information so that they can
work safely. Supervision especially needs to be tailored for young people’s
needs. See worksafe.vic.gov.au/youngworkers.
Reasonably practicable
When determining ‘reasonably practicable’ controls, Section 20 of the Occupational
Health and Safety Act 2004 outlines what you must take into account when deciding
if something is ‘reasonably practicable’. Specifically, the factors to be taken into
account are:
• the likelihood of the hazard or risk eventuating
• the degree of harm that would result if the hazard or risk eventuated
• what the person concerned knows, or ought reasonably to know, about the hazard
or risk and any ways of eliminating or reducing the hazard or risk
• the availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or reduce the hazard or risk
• the cost of eliminating or reducing the hazard or risk.
It’s important to understand that all the factors listed above have to be taken
into account when deciding if something is ‘reasonably practicable’.
For further information, refer to the WorkSafe Position How WorkSafe applies the law
in relation to Reasonably Practicable.
34 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
Appendices
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 35
Appendices
Round slings
Flat slings
Endless Reversed eye
All slings are labelled with the WLL. Slings that do not have a label must not be used.
36 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
Appendices
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 37
Appendices
38 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
Appendices
WorkSafe Victoria Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes 39
Appendices
40 Handbook / Working safely with bridge and gantry cranes WorkSafe Victoria
Contents
Introduction 1
How to use this guide 2
1. Equipment 3
Bridge and gantry cranes 4
Slings and accessories 10
Specialised lifting equipment 17
2. Environment 19
Plant layout 20
Workplace traffic 20
Noise 21
Housekeeping 21
Lighting 21
3. Work procedures 22
Information, instruction, training and supervision 23
Planning the work 25
Operating plant 26
Parking plant 28
Maintaining plant 29
5. Credits 32
Appendices 33
Appendix A – An introduction to guidance material 33
WorkSafe Victoria is a trading name
Appendix B – Terms used 35 of the Victorian WorkCover Authority.
Appendix C – Flat webbing and round synthetic slings 36 The information presented in Working
Appendix D – Discard criteria for flexible steel wire rope 37 safely with bridge and gantry cranes is
intended for general use only. It should not
Appendix E – Example of procedures for custom be viewed as a definitive guide to the law,
and homemade accessories 39 and should be read in conjunction with the
Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004
and the Occupational Health and Safety
Regulations 2007.
This publication is protected by copy-
right. WorkSafe encourages the free
transfer, copying and printing of this
publication if such activities support the
purposes and intent for which the publi-
cation was developed.
A handbook
for workplaces
WorkSafe Victoria
Advisory Service Working safely
with bridge and
222 Exhibition Street
Melbourne 3000
Phone 03 9641 1444
gantry cranes
Toll-free 1800 136 089
Email info@worksafe.vic.gov.au
Head Office
222 Exhibition Street
Melbourne 3000
Phone 03 9641 1555
Toll-free 1800 136 089
Website worksafe.vic.gov.au
Local Offices
June 2008
Edition No. 1
Ballarat 03 5338 4444
Bendigo 03 5443 8866
Dandenong 03 8792 9000
Geelong 03 5226 1200
Melbourne
(628 Bourke Street) 03 9941 0558
Mildura 03 5021 4001
Mulgrave 03 9565 9444
Preston 03 9485 4555
Shepparton 03 5831 8260
Traralgon 03 5174 8900
Wangaratta 03 5721 8588
Warrnambool 03 5564 3200
VWA 1140/01/05.08