ADRIANA FLORESCU CONSTANTIN RADOL OCTAVIAN DUMITRU ALEXANDRU VASILE ELECTRONICA INDRUMAR DE LABORATOR Pditura PRINTECH[edtura Printech altura aereditats de Conslal Natlonal al Cercetrit ‘Stinjiice din Invlgsmantal Superior - Cod CNCSIS 54 TENXon no sna_-#DITURA PRINTECHE eee Ns BUCURIST SINMTEX-OC SU eMnaiiataataaes ree Ea ianiparatoncom [Deserierea CIP a Hibliotecti Nationale a Romaniel Plectronied: indrumar de laborator / Constantin Riot, ‘Adriana Florescu, Octavian Dumitru, Alexandru Vasile. - ‘Bucuresti: Printech, 2009 Bibliogr. ISBN 978-606-521-413-2, 1. Rédoi, Constantin I, Florescu, Adriana Ti, Dumitre, Octavian TV. asl, Alexandeu er Referentsingifet: Profadeing. Vasile Lizdreseu Profdraing. Dan Alexandru Stoichescu UPB, EITe, Bucuresti ‘Tennoredactare computerizat lovesea Adriana Coperta: Vasile alexandra © Copyright 2009 ‘Toate repurlepeezente edi sunt rezervate edituri st ator ‘Nicko parte din aceasta lcrare nu poate fi reprodusd, stata stu Tans indiferent prin oe forma, fr acordul prealabil srs a Cuvéint inainte Present inrumar de laboratr ete alot pe basa programe naltice ponte ducting "Elena" pret a Facltea de Brergsti se: names indamsntala soa (0 nce ca cat) ef oe teens ee tna pe ca rms rye frie a + gu dette iu , 1 1006] oy mio Graal Je estos THD (To rie de debnae a forme! de ud a enna ‘Eraoidts a fundamen (0) tomate otro ein pre a periodic x(2) de In forma de und 4. DESFASURAREA APLICATIEL para §echipamenteneesare 3 tsllosop tp PCS SS emeror de jos even ip BOSON: © Exoustr compat TBMEPC. Uitizarea oxlocopul penta mdrurarcasemnaelreletrice 441. Se_conecterd osclescpul la generaoral de joss teevent gi se ‘selectors ton J smn depths al generar 442" Seponste at esclosoopa ap generator {63 Se sete ieonna Oslloseope le pe dekopl monitor ‘44 Se pane osslacopl api tual RUN, 5 cetera tm de timp “TIMEDDIV 50 alegeeorespurztor pul seawall depts VOLDDW. 445. iin apsaren butnulal SINGLE ese ‘sera pe esa 446° Folosind objonen VIEW, MARKERS din menial osslssoplu, 36 sear cel do maker pent semnall (AV) pstiod (i freevena f(t seal. Se eampara valle eine cu cele care par pe eranul scloscopul 47, Se calcaleatampliudinea (dV, 48 Prin ponionren btonlss DOAC de pe paul oslloseopul pe poral 1) gece cu arena vaoarn mois K a ema, Folosind earcjl crn i ban de tin. Se compart vlonce ci x ‘alors exalt ereafa1) 449. in slestares opi VIEMY, ROIS Vale xe ait vloues efetv (Yims) sera Se compara valaren eis ca valorea cll pe taza ea (1.2), 4410" Se repels punctle 4.4 + 44 poi cz sem siusdal de ‘eter de joad reverts pin selestare buonl de pe piano ‘erator ihe” vain fn ting 5. INTRERARUSI PROD 1. Care sunt module de neonate pail ale ooops PCS? 52. Lace servscreprele Canker 53 Care. aint mime caatrsice semnaleor erode pe we ‘sloscopal PCS le pou calcula automat? 4 CalcuaTn do odor valoarea medic Xa sera) da PL Indice: Se va folosiTormuls (1.1) poco i intrprearea geometicd a bc ed ‘SS. Calousimpltudine fia fundamental sera (in iP. Ince: Ponda unghilaraa sna este a2. $56. Calelat in dou mvt (lsind formule (12) gi (110) valance esti qu sera x)=Meino. Call arab de dsirsine THD. Reprezza spect sensall,__ + decyoltar in seve Fourier semmalulh =X Ban 0a) wn =! tne w Tile ny(0) este armonica de rang na seal x) ‘ag «2 [a(t)-cow nat ct-coefieientl serei Fourie Tn 008 1.6) te = 2 Jat) simmax dt-coeficlntul serie Pouie in si an nathan AX, = Yad +52, ~amplitudinea armonici de rang 8) fa amon een (88:1) Amani y(t) de nga a mame dae 2) Grae yp =X fn) seme spec seal 3 frees Sy Voc festival poste cola x ru etal somal. de f= 1 ete a re ryefr et 0 + pn edie: (5 aay 00%] m= 7 . ui 2 asso THD (Tul Hernonl Diario ex roel nasil de wo soa pao) =e oma ‘Shs fundamentals (1). 4. DESPASURAREA APLICATIE} Apert secipanete eer SPR Sta eos eves BOSD 2 tone compa NPC Utizarea oxlocopul penta mdcurreasennaelrelstrice 441. Se concert oxcescopal la generaor de josh frcvenl sh ‘seleteaza buona de senna drepeoghilar a gener 442" Sepomoyte nl esclossopal apa generator {63 Se soleus leona Osellosepe de pe desktop monitor ‘C4. Se pom oselocopal api tunel RUN ge seecton za de tip IMEADIV ise lege corespuneor spl semnaull depunghilar VOLIDW. 45. Pein apisaren tutonulai SINGLE. este “nghelas” vriain in timp a “eral pe can 446. Tolosind objonen VIEW, MARKERS din meriul oslscopul 6 xen cel do maker penta cit cp sere (AV), peioad freeven F(t seraalll.” Se compar valle obit co see care par pe ecranul scloscopull 447: Seceleleacaamplitdinen (V2). 48. Prin posiionres butonlsh DOAC de pe pan ossiloscpu pe porlia tas (2) se cep cu sponta alten edie X a senna Tolosind carol can ibaa de inp. Se compart valouen cit ‘alooeselelt rl (1) 49. Pin selstares opi VIEW, RMS Valu oe aia valosca eee (Yims) a sla Se compar valoare ei vloaescleultt pe tan ea (1.2) 4102 Se reputh punctele 4.4 + 48 pent carl semi sinsoial de ‘sevoratrat de joa events pin elstare bitoni de pe panoul soneatral 5 INTREBARISI PROBLEME $1, Cae sunt modus de fanetinwe posible ale eselosepuls PES? 52. Lave svesereprcle Cmarker 53. Care. sunt miimle custerinice somnslelor peviotioe pe cae ‘ioscopel PCS Te poste cela toma? ‘84. Calcul dou oda aloares mae senna x(n fig ice: Se va flos formula (1) pram 4 ntereetaea peometed a Yatra ‘3. Calculai amplitude fea findameras semalulu (in Bg PL2. Indica: Peron unghie sonal te ouT=2 ‘6, Caleolal tn out wd (Tloind forme (12) yi (1.10) valowen tfecvt X guy 4 Senna (10x Cae gral Se corso 17D. Reprezzatal spectro smalx 10 roa 4S FigPI.t Formade und pent problema 54 0 0 rom wee Fig P12, ome de dt pent problema 55 A2 [ANALIZA ASISTATA DE CALCULATOR A CIRCUITELOR TELECTRICE ELEMENTARE. 1. OBIECTULAPLICATIEE i Aplicia areca sop fanillaizaea cv propane cprinse tn pact de simula PSpce, variant Design Center valuation Version. Pe sre cleste simple sunt preerate nou misinale pea Ttlegre fiers de cet $ Inerpretrea reauttlr din eral de ire. Clete sunt eae ou ereele Kier reulttele set spo comparse cele out prin ele sumer lad programul matcmate Maa ox cle oni prin snulae PSpice 2 INTRODUCERE INPSPICE 21, Tematia abordat de Ppice Simulation Program with Inerated Circuit Enphasie este un ule a cruitelorelestice gh learonee creatine "60 In Niniversioica Beekey da Califia. Dinre multiple variate de SPICE, PSpce tliort de fma MiroSin Corporation devent ara act wl te ele ma Toit simsltoare de cic PSpice poate f consderat “nase do test” a ingest proietant de Whore crue elec letronie deoarece permite ‘a vetifierea une idl de cui, firt a 1 noc realioarea Gio & ‘rai ‘ Yelzrea ‘de mtsuitor pe ciel de tes care pe crea real sant Ait (daoria zgomouui ele), inomode (ipsese chiparentl ‘special de test) sau nevecomandae (cui! war pote sondee fi Cline entponente ape su gre posure) «; Simulare uncut de mal mute o varlind vole components) ea | © seopul de gis optimol cet, gan de oleae amiable pene ‘demica combina care du cai el a eter spice pote eft umntiouce Upt de amas de ere: analiza do, ila deca analiza regina trast, analiza spotaludstorunfr es.acsscat it 1a. Pachealde programe Design Center Rvasation Version cutee preentt ne de abort unt rut a vrnen 53 ee pte pet sel Window i pce 6 ce Blaaton Veson Ast rt ie Beene arora Come tad ei eee in gpa acre in Wins, smears ta) ee Gog Por ew ot liz Secs ue pn Vz etal anal), ec Ft Pee de cat) Sima Er (rogram DOS Simedexe Schemas (ein Be ener de snc de ste decor i) dete ome ena senitonal = prnetibyndlot Cie Eran econ nt ae pind py pom i ne ees pul Design Center va rin dbl lic aa lsc dng el our, Core ts programe wpe Fe ‘losnd pace fi dente ALTOTAB (ALT ment psa ir TAB 9 send succes) 23, tape mecesare simul tana una cai Pert elizaren sul ionize! vlc exe ness poretas vemitarlor ep! 1 cen tr sot ce erat ug nh om ee) 2 ede ee i ea ciel ar net apa San ce aia ce a gpa nents te dn ~Secehns rtl dnate mec ce ei et emi ar ee a ie ce ee cin i ‘cn mi ti te cen sacar ree foarte mare (102? 2) conectth intre nodul respect si nee ere serene er a 2 sm se (ec con mina ane mien cartrebule 8 veut aot cena Sema cp eae ess eee cao find eat me eon a od Create Nedist din meniul Analysis. “rome “ cm em rc wie pe rin lun ever pense orto etait Inecpere Speco pr daa esa deel de oes ‘rueturi de soriere a figierului de intrare: ” Tinie de ti: = opinal, init de coment inode prin sinbell *, ce apr vu ae Pin siolul *, ce apar ound 292, Reaves ets Dh ori le Su en et Aarspunctcareprograusl pc, tar din mel le wo comands Open ce Batches Eero ve fret a ome Sac bara c Steal eee cea ere moh Aer, cin meni trait sed coands Ran Pe cease a eee Iekgrprarl PSpice de anata cruinta me Besceule En lea er ech ao fer oe ff damien one fierou) in cars nt ciel dene Wn te tit erin chet a tn modelo lat, pn state de hoa tiple os algctunt simularea yi, bineinfees, reeultatele analize’, “ = ‘ 2133. Visnatizarenreaitatlrebinte Exe pos nal dct lsat epic vn prin sovtnee PROBE rods ne de rae (ure, erit). Duc ataxunen PROBE, its, strc programa Spice ree peng era ere (rome feos Pile ec alt na ab Msn tt she paar Micon rel ete At aacai 3. DESVASURAREA APLICATIEL a cea aplica su alee dvizralresiy de tensune,cviorl resis cent pen ziti. SA. Divizoral rex de tensions rut format dn ous reise Ry sh I 21 ese prez sce utc a conette nace, alimentt la sua de temiune constant a wplu este un divizor rezistiv de tensiune, salar 127. Asst ire sin ig21 Schema violet de ese, sti eat sind oem Kil oes ete cc in tnt re Sc cea ete ann te rie Cs se po cance de see eaters ce pur dss. eres ha i i seo is de itn ez i sn pn ia 11 Kieho p singura chit Vg Y y+ "3000 2 potefatle a nour (considerate eer de tense ft de aol de Forni ale): . Dene lay, 7 2)= Rol =a dice STALL CALCULATOR 4 CHRCUITSLOR LEC TCE MAR ul celras mind lati Side Tn. programul de oftare Nowpad se eschie Tyler de intre ‘lelecvon divans. pein actvaceaoptanit Open din meni ils, Se cite program corespuncatr er din fig? Divina vezi de ensione nie deta ‘ ii de coment desprtiore) ‘List de componente actu nied comenariy expat) vsionv ‘usa VS de 12V ine podurl si R112 100, reaiseata RI de 1002 ine sie 1h? 220262 revieenta RO de 2008 ne nore 2 t D . nie de cometary (Sesparoar) ND Finsruionen deinceierea filer In plasura componente are dure deceit iat ean de conventin ‘sept de PSpie, anume rl od este bor port (eae curets) ar dolce nod est borne nega (dn cae fese eure), conformed dense Tnbomse acl componente, Se remarc ma mule model de crite valor ‘inporonor get nu exe nec specieren iti de mrs SMa In programa! PSpie se decide soa! ler deft, zea ce permite flan ine ln excouie El va crea url de ei dent ee poate ‘iin Notepad. ‘3.3 Se revine in progr Newpad unde se deschideByiorl deere tens au Secopiaa rentals din irl deere, wmdrnd structure aceti. Se ‘pert reultle analize’PSpice ecole ale act marl dol subnet A) ‘resp, MMA. Se remarct sem! mous al cuentull 1, deorece elite pela urs de lense po Into = fe pe la born conta conven de ern poz 32. Divioral resi de arent In ig.22 et prevent schema ui crt format in dou reine Ry gh 1p conte fn pra, alimenat dels aurea de erent constant denumit I de lore 34. Acest cei simplest un divine ei de curnt Clea une nein electri ‘Sernd corona { Kircol? in sigurl nad de eat existent (nodal 1) ¢ ‘epee I! Kichot (de exemply, prin oohulTomat dla weistentle 2) 3), 1. caren prin eaten a tlhy)=— Py» = t0R)= gAtgcts 2 pel y)=— BIg =1g-)= 11g) big le Io 1)AcATIA NR 2 eae de tense pe ssa de cue reise: Fs }=VRy)=VR)=VO)= Rly = Hgl Seen spt ua de cre 1s (Us is =Ryf? + Ryd =O Fig.22, Schema dvr resi de cusnt ‘eorema l Klrchoffrezulti sistemul de ecvati . Sola et {i} r ne [ive valour inifat> |12=0 +1001, + 30001, ly = Ral Role lo=-ro0ns +200013 + 500% lo Rsts~ Rola —Ralas lo=so001, +<00015 - 300%, Sister pote srs maria eet? OO ° Wy o 1 0 -1 0 FT ° be Oo 0 - 0 tot 0 hy ali). 50 1090 9 300 al hy 0 1000 2000 «0 «= 0300 ° 1 0 9 ~3090 4000 — 00] ° a unde: A ese mats coefcenlrnecunoscsor cu dines 66; ‘este marses ennai Her cu inensines 6x ‘erie matron neoonoseuar 1, gc dimensiunn 6x Soovenja MATLAB este wnat: 10000 10-10 1;00-10 11; 50 100003000 00 “01000 20 00 500; 000-3000 4000 500] >>n-]000 12007 >> XA Serulenzl programa MatLab ge cites valle earner Fy12..16- 86 ‘compar etal ose bint a pont 3.3.4). Ce observa? C1 Verna aleal gaselorash mein ili losin rt SEB ln program! Aotgpad ae desc Teal de trae eXelctro.2pune ir vin ativan opin Open din menial Fis. Se ete pogramal erespanzstr osu dn fe Punta rexiiva vsi010v RII250 ma23 tk Ra2H 24 Ri2 03k RS 0a Roa 3 500 ‘oP De ysuist 12 PRINT DC V(12) Va) View) VO) Ve VELA) ‘PRINT DCR 12} UR) HRA) TOR) HR) END 4132. In pram PSpce se dewchide scl fier de intare, ceca ce permite Flnaan irr nonce Elva crea fiero ee punter ou ce pot cit in Nopeeq ican 333. Serevine in program Natpad une se decide fiers de ire peo ‘Se copia relate smi is compar ezlileaalis PSpe eu ek ale ‘ale manual de a sutpunctl A) corespunzte. Ver i cll a elrast ti ‘arian dae de eeu i ae topolgia coils exe descr las steal” Notepad) peo inl micsive de progetto pent ‘ete elecoe yf electuice simple, avn! an sum reds do somponsh a ‘aval ciotlor complexe lagi variants pofeionla grat ce pemite sericea sehen clei p alu, folsnd poral Schema, pean tumuoarle avant i dezaante, aunts, 1 simpliatea rma nsoduou scheme! nels, 2) tumertrea nals fae autona dee lel; 3) Se poate consul ukarioe cabal pina sagt scheme! penta varantle rl complexe. © zal mejor et eat de pre, De obs ratte didutoe gait ot ‘ccs I lise ce pot i eft vriil aie complet roesinale. ‘3344 Se dace programa editor rfl Schemas ae per toll sgh “seen ciel intro loons adeeeth nal PSs, Pent asi acer ‘imaorle ee 12) 30 desc. pe caigl din Sehematcr demenisle de srt, anume selectnd in meiul Drow comands Get New Parga din ees ld or care ‘yore selectind futon Browse. se ebjine ono reat denami Gs Part ‘Acca oferd i paren dent sta ct bibltcle dsponitile Dia bite SOURCE SLB se selesteat srs de teasiune VSRC din bbioteca ANALOG SLB, se sclescuz eitnfle nto PORT SLi se selene pict de mash fu denumivea AGND, ulna mouse. Din ft, selectnd tae svar Slo elton i 0% ') elementle decease conta Inte le flosind din menial Draw ‘comand ire: ©) © proczea valle component. atl pn sus dete: “re eectena siren dn shou “neni Bse lectene comands tribter “ain reas care pares seater DC=aol Change Display in nou terest Change Arbus se fare Ia Vote vane 12V, apd 8 stiveash Display Vale pnts ca vlare sh evil in shen eu oot cic sucssie pe OK se nei sl di eet, enka rezistene ein dbl cic pe vlan sceviia Auribte Vatu ear pares ster valores Sri “d) se salves fier! grafic ev manele cleectenL2\punte_ sch, de exempl, een ch nd obligate, in eres Se ©) tm vedere ante} PSpice, se ees automat yeu deinrare la. comand Cnt Nota din moni! nafs, care se poate Vata eu comand Excmine ‘ews exis a cals ne ‘Ds anallacat crit sled comand Run PSpice din menial Anais, 8 ete mali ve ce ye ee peo as pe silat Ia command Examine Op in Cael eel neni, 1335, Sc comport iret de sre uate out punt. in pune de vedere a ‘eatatlor simul. Ces observa? 4. EyTREBARI SIPROBLEME 4.1. Chl se folosse programe Sima tor si Pars? 412. Cova preci rogranal Schomaries? ‘$3. Expicalpueren dspat zero pers de curct a divin eztv de SMS 4. Calla semnul minus al coer a divizora ez de ens sila apis . “LS Calica seme umioarcar ni de program conifer 6 felons. DCIS 1A 3A 14 DDCISLISTIA2A34 ‘oP 446. Catealag puter ssgte pe componente eectice ale scheme pun "Ca. Poor crcita dn igus cer sts caleulee caren, pote a vost lca Stn Fe pel vine ff Ry 3 Pe ‘hapa cade San Ry = Ry = Ry = 8Q,Ry = 20, Ry = 30, Rg = 120, Ry = 102. ‘Es Petts etn ps crow cles corel ceca de seu ul deem fo plses dp der de ose, Se shy oA Ry 20, Ry ag == IR(P22. Schema lect pir problema 4.8 A3 ———— (DIODA SEMICONDUCTOARE Se 1. OBIECTUL APLICATIEL Se suligh ceatrsle sie ale lode! seniondustoare INAS, ale de! mova PSpice ca nireropior de tensune gale dnd Zener INTSD, Se Clserming punta sate de onchonare al uni leit co lod mode nie found toremste Kirton sare Pspce compari pol retaele hut. Ca aplcaedodi Zener este salt sain parameti clase pe ‘pea carairitillor de transfer ei 2, CARACTERISTICI STATICE, 2.1, Caracteritca tate a diode’ semiconductoate rn crater stato a dode se nlegeexpresia tematic pail dependent ip /p(p unde ip este eel pin dod, lar up est e&derea de ‘ensue labore doe rl tation aol semiconductour ete tel s unde: M coef de mukipicare in avalanha punto de sarin, Me [= Ig-cuentl inves de stra al ioe foarte mi, borin nA. 8A) 4 —sarsna elacwonul, g=18-10~{C) ‘n= soefiient elope, me (2) -constanta Bltomans, X= 133-1071] T —temperatre absolut oda meds in eae fanctoneaa ide. + Gate caraterks tate ode 3.1) poate i detain tine: gana Lestat cian I, ods Bind polrizaa det (1p>0, «p> 1 ranm2¢ sit In ccral dda epolrizatd inves (p<, up io els: “+a. sit ot cara ids nd tn consinarepolriatt Bees lip. 4p<0) dar up =constons sip retort). Pras, nel bite esas pein stpunger avers tn aca z08 Ett un Gp special de dade (nomite de Zener su doe stbizatore enue) mente 8 unfionez azo 3.Fig, Sinolu ql caacternica ssi dod 22. MoveareaPSpiee a diode smicondactare avoid nln carci satice a dod! expat pin rein (3. smite apc prastce dods este inocula cu dese modelelimarzate care ‘Split ml sain ceau, eh a roduc ssa Ti ltva dnt aes modele,cerezntate gai in fig3.2 prin cite out scanent de reap coespunafoare ode bocte ia oaduche: ‘iodel de dog iealé eu rezitenh tn conduc Roy =0, revistat Ta Socare Rope rosin care dere de tensa pe dads n code Vp =0 (g3.2. 2model cu Roy =O. Bore ~>m, Vp 07" (ig3 28h Simodel co Roy >0, Rope >= (eisents fii In conducid Vp =077 ig3.20% $.mode cu Roy >0, Rory

control)» Modell inerpstoruli SDR exe denamt ICT iste detat hnstociae [MODEL tial componente (=nume parametru=-valoare) Jn coe VON cent elder do tense a comutcrut cis (Goda conduce) ar YYOFT esto cidren de ens scomuttruuldeschis (ada ese bos. 322, Deonrce iil de lnare carci. soning Intrianea PROBE de ‘iatliae a relate simul, dup role progranulul PSpice care va ea Till de ii crnidn. out fielded erat, se fcaret In programa Probe eral earctenit. Se shims axa X ca V2) sleet cin meni Plat ‘opie Ai Srings, di Variable se wasn gail SDR), selec din ‘nen Trae piunen ded Trae Se desenaza grafic ofnut S23. Se moditieh parame ceo chalet onde wrmtorele Tiere: ‘aac ocr (Roy “1002, Rope IGM, Vp=0) i caret 2 (Roy = M0, Ropy =1G2,Vp =07P ) ss rea panel 3.2.2. Se desenea ole ‘foe obit, Epic medi apt justin alegeren cui mai bunset ‘parame SS. Caractornon state a unel lode Zener Peni tse castes sai a diode Zane ip 1N7S0, soutien circuit din fg dads find comandat eae. Pogramul corespunzor es ‘ioral (electron Siz aac. Caacteristiea diel Zener IN7SD igor ZL oDIN7S0 {MB “DCREVAL LIB" DDCIS-SmA SA 0.1mA, ‘pote Vil, PROBE. “END& ba. 0 ig3.5, Circ pentru wsurea crater static aids ZenerIN7S0 3341. Dupa lates program a programa Pre se Inert fea de date “4 carat Se alge pe ana X vaiaila VI) ie trsass gafiel eret fy ciel prin doa Zener in fancied deren de eshne VI) pe dod, 3:82 Compara carcteriia stat obfnt a punctl 3.3.1 ey ele dia igi 3.1 3.2. Ceaser? Su Determinarea PSP a diode! modeate Puen sate de nionare (PSF) al diode lineman caret contin ete un puncte coordontePSFWp,1p) sit tn plant Zp =ip(ip) al ‘acer state, a) schema lect seem lasts ehialent de au PSF Fig3 6. Exempla do cleat ol PSF al didst Ca cxempln de cle! al PS, propane schema in fi 3.6. Inlsuing oda olarizat irecou modsl su de carat continay conexant i320) a care ‘Somutorl este foi verse in conde ete nottt y=/04) yi chderes de tersune pe dods in conduc ee Vp = 077 ~ we obfinescema exivalen in Tg.6b. rele! folasind toremee SS oie Kio ape ccd 3.64 Vs~Vo= (Rs roo on Wo =¥s~Rlp {nlocind valor somponensor in f.3.6 insite (2), eat valoile rumesge ale PSF psp). Casa een eolvara same a sist 2) precum i ele potential tor nodule, eerie de tes pe toate Srnec ptt dapat essa dense contin V5 (BL Coleal BSF sal aor mv electric le iru! fos pacha Deon Con ‘Se rica cv progranul Pypice din Design Centr Bl Hrd irae fcr conspurator sehen ecivaene din Ni 6b, ears gist tn dren ‘elton Caleta PSF dod model wsr010 Riztk 2310 D307 and Se copia remtatsle niet cae se lsee ia Seal de ii pyfout Se ‘compar rezuale ov ele but a punctl 3.4.4). 3S. Stabilitor parametric cw dod Zener Sibi ane ent os Zn axa pit sis Zeer in enor sl oxy sont ta same cre (ig) avraell elmer rrr ‘Sele tonportt ‘Schossalerai panei 7 me da Zane (ota DZ, de parame e eT feed tt inl ei esi Rs ent meine eines cst este se manent fo meld prot din “eet neegen cet ie Comet abr acme dn 63.7 de «nonin const onstrate de etre lett de nt Rs pote {aaa pe prac a dou erctrae: Trae de wane YoYo Veguxmamss SH PRE eve stailizarea tensa de ie avril tril deerePA'S amanrs 2 poe th evident oir esi de ie a varia eine de tind Ry implicit a ‘ural Zs prin sina, denarse fy =Vo Rs). rR 3 wWw@ vol []58 ° Fig37. Stbillzator porametic ou ods Zeer 51, Pot usu carers de nse Yo =F anne EA ‘vel de iar stabdr tee din etal elec alae sc ‘Subilizatrparametie ev ods Zener * cantina de waster wiro Riz470 bzdapz0v RS202K "MODEL DZIOV D (BV=10V 1m De VIN OV 20V 05 PROBE END Pe axa X, Probe alee mowat varia V bali in analiza de een ‘ontn, Sean eu coven de comenl Trae i Prac tensiunet V2) Peo oul ax8 Y, 86 trsenh w etrenal 1(Dz), Se desoncard rail obfime Foosind earn en seevef Tools, Cursor, Display se son ensues deere pent valour teaind ines Yd SV. Coober? 382 Pentre caret de ieee Fo =FoUS oman oli ‘ie desing yin sus de ct 1s, it devin eld 38 Se mule fie de ie sable care se gic Ia deco ‘eAelectroniL3 - ess ' ‘Subilztr parametric eu i ener * caactratea do isre™ ona seaiconpucroAt 2 viLo20v Rv2u70 bz02Dz10v Is20 MODEL DZIDV D (BY=10V IBV-SmA) [DCIS mA AOmmA DA PROBE END “@® Vo Fig38, Sailizatorpaanorie ou ods Zener svn sarin simula. cu sr de Carters doit se obne trastd ou Pre grafic i V2), Folsind secvena de lnsiefiunt Pt, Al Plo se aseazt al dole grate (Dz ).Observat tensiuoee pe rezitnia de srcind rimine cost alta timp ot DZ. pte conpenst varia de eat pein sarin (pint putin dps 20m’ ein Dz se nulca),Foosing urarl co oof Toos, Crsor. Display se miso tcsanea Ae lajie Vp penta un cust de sreinh Ly de Tena. Co observa? 4 INTREBARISIPROBLEME, 4.1 pla coe caster le dads mle i. 3:2 2,6), 0 42, Cae este scope! inrodert insula PROBE dia ile aac iterate, de earacti t? 143: Expia wnioasle i de peogram: ‘MODEL DZ10V D (BV=10V 1BV=5mA) “DCIS OmA AOmA 05mA, “Lip “DcsBVAL.LI 44, Beteinai cael Tp fone dnd polrzate ivers avid: A find Up ==I¥ m= 12 gi pote tricse erticare 45. 0 diodd D este model pin cust np =100-ip (7). Cae dine rocele din 3.2 corespande acest ceuai? Care et alr eset 7 Tn onda dod? ‘46.0 Gio model are caaceistca tai deena P31 4) Desenal mh ecivalet al dnd, 5) Sei exprsia tenis ap a Borne dade ) Dac diode stabiatd de un ewent /p =/0.4, eeu sesionen Up labore dads, ° ov FigP3.1. Cumin stat a dod A4 TTRANZISTORUL BIPOLAR CUJONCTIUNT 1. OBIECTUL APLICATIEE Se sua wanzistral bipolar eu jontiun) (TBD) 1a funcinarea ea ampliinor tn teglunen act normals (RAN)” tla Tunsionren ih sep. ‘omutji. Se taseuzt tate tpuile de craceists ale TB! tn conextne enitor ‘omun (EC) la fnetionaree th RAN. Se calcueaztflesind teoremele Kircot ‘punctate de Taionare (PSE al Scemtcasice de plarizare a unl TL. Se ‘ompar eu alle obit pin clea atonal losing program MatLab ‘eal simula PSpice. Se analiza tsrtic compororen TBI tn regi de ‘omuaje pe stein RRL sise compart cu ezatele obj prinsiulae 2, CARACTERISTICISTATICE ALE TRI Privt din punctul de vedere al core sitemelor automate, wn TB poate f considera un port euadpa) vind out perch de boene nuit port uml Intrare sun deep (Hg), fc Ye, > ° (sie) tn oo ince iy e Fig 4.1. TH in cone i pivite dpe Fccare dine cele dot port este carcterzat pin dou mimi eesti, nue teasane gun erent do ire, respec tentae yun curt de ie Corateritel static epee pase dpendensor una are t ante de 0 ‘ermine stunc end olla cuenycali eae sunt constant, a lnentarea ‘Srl TAY in caret com Ele sua dete de catalog Exit wel ipa de craters! state: © ceracerisel statce de Inver, care reprezint dependen tire caret s ‘ersten deine,1 cartel! staice de anger, eae reprednts dependeata ore cael de carotene! muice de eye, care pean dependenya tate curenl $ fensunea de ese, ‘De exemplt, pentru TBY in conexne EC mime de inne gd ee roca eaaceriilestace sunt poze in tabelul 1 Ategem ati Tile de nar i de ire precum eal care depese crac sie {S mnfies suns nd eopextunes TB} se moe dn EC (enitor coma) Tn (CC (colecior comun) sau BC (bard comuns, “Tabelul 41, Mile electric i carci sac ale TBYfnconexiune Mirintdefanre Mari de ere Carsten do re este, ig ery Canctritia de anter [TE MBE paceman Caractere die —[C ‘CWC g wagon Anatca Pople 2.1. Carcteritien tatik de intrare nf bl 4, cc pe Cee fel dpi plea acgnovnr oa TH pp ‘sin mod nam TY al ppm Pe nxt INT ip 2022) Seem rou Bein pe Ss ced ed Pesce atl ce comm ay dc A, co frre a uni TAY in onexone Cractrsten de nar tpl NPN e model ater PSplee weeso ov Ima 160A RB 10 1000K RC23001 gr21oonr MODEL QINT NPSIBE ‘DCI OA TODKA 054A, PROBE END 00) ans mipoLAR CUJONCTIUN o Fig 2. Cire pon sure caractrstior de inva de waste ‘Se rez programul PSpe, arin programul Probe se modifc vrabila de pe a X'ea ah roprornte vines V0), Se taser gre ut [BB cu comanda ‘rove, ddd Trace Se chee pe pate vloarea V(1) laces desehde TB, ca path 22. Caractere stato de ramfer Confom tbl 4.1, ction de taster unui TI et graf! pene c= lua cyan Ps sac eset cil i {e4.2. In Pate eter pl Rs) finite VOD, 23. Caracteriti de ire Gontorm ibe A ewstiics de ee x unui TR exe gf! epee e105 Joga» Poi TI pp, dash fin toda Finer de TB al programe PSpienott QINT (ip 2N2222), carci said cvalnreIniali> “valoare Gaali> increment urmatonrenspecati de all Trtruanen DC dia fel de nae deere efectuarea unl aalize de cent comin and baelere 3 ruse VCC ear coin o bul inter de Tmt ere de boo IB, anime pent sae value a ui VCC de Ta 0 OV eu ps de OSV es bla IB tatu SA 251. ca psu de SA, ‘Se ulcta pogromelPSpice se wascazk cure 10) Seek care cb de parmetrs IBroonlan Se msar 5 veil rin clea ele cine! vale sl carentuli IR). |, STUDIUL TRS IN REGIUNEA ACTIVA NORMAL (RAN) ‘Ovice anal de cient aka a eajelor de amplifier eaizat cu TBI Ancepe cana in ewer onan, deci Tra se nkocusse cu modell si de ‘ent soutnus(g-49, ‘Analiza de ec, 36 mal nines gf polazarsa TRL-ult slate ae ca Scop cteminarea pina satie de fncionare (PSF) ea ete uh punt Top ‘arcane sate de egie dé coonhonts PSF Veg. fc). Ca exempl de ell PSF se propane seen din fi. 4S cre dat se inlet TB! eu del Su doce, dn figstinsc odie sora cchivalen in Ni. Re si Rip eax ° Ia PSE strive ale seoremele i ‘Se stu counile Kisthoff state ciel din 4. 9 ein TAY 0 RAN: vertu sisters lta: ay 9 Fig Model PSpce pot sna in ec TI tn conenane BC 1) TBYincanediine Eb) model dec. TB) 5. Amalia regi de ee un TBY In conexine EC 18) schon laid depoarire TBJ 6 soem exelent de calla PSE Tnlocindvaorilecomponentelo din 4S. in sistem (4.1), reaAPCATIAN {600001 — 100001 = 12 00001 ~ 6000/9 =07 aa, |s0s00tg + Vom 12 sim te reasvare sistemol (4.2), din care rez valle petra PsF(Vcqs fc). De asemenen, se vor ealeula crete Ip» pte ttrer odorilor, eer de esun pe taste componencle spur sat pe sr ‘ensue continu Pec le ciesitet flosind Meulabs ‘Sistemi (42) ise aajeard marie: ‘00 ~ 10000 0] 10000 ~€0500 0}, 2 In a o 2s0s0 i) Liz) Wee unde: ete mato coetcelornesunosctlor eu dinensimen 22; Bests maces termenior liber eu dimensiones 231: ate mrieenpovnotetlor ou dere 2 EERRMIATLAB oe lat splat anne ao seria clement itr ntrllor nl dp sll ne ind despre pia earcerl 5 A-{s0000 “100000; 19000-60300 0; 0280500 1] S>B{1200 127 Soxenia ‘Se rlearprograml MatLab gf se determing cuca stemuli (42). Se congo lle el aust folosnd treme Krefo.Se compar ale Indrimi leciee ealculat In puncul 3.8). Expat difeenfcle tre rezlatle slit, Cala din eletrie ol cull ‘Center Boa Se rulers cu peopl Pepe din Design Coner Eval figs de ince polthcircorepnitr shee ccivalente din 45h, cares pee fn deto ‘helestralla iret de plariare pene un ator bipolar veo2012v VBE I307V F2a3 VBE 1000 BLD NA7K, B21 082K RO2 202K RES 0500 OP ‘MaNZSTORUL APOLAR CL JOHCTNE 2 pe vee Rv RV LV PRINT DC IRC) URE) END Se copa rental anal ae se ges I fier deere patho. Se compat eva oft cy cele obit floindteoremele Kirt spin ‘all naraie MatLab 4, STUDIUL TRU IN REGIN DE COMUTATIE 41 Defines paramere delmpuls Dusit fenomenelor de soar, resombinae gi deplasare a puntorie de sarin in fegunea hazel th elunea colestorbvd,Itaca in, conduc si ‘ocaestanzistoru in rel esr se produc eo anu ire a. de inmate a condi Blocireaargionea baz. De ase, netalogele de TB cu inconars in coma surt fae anumite inervae de timp eae esratrazt ommuatia TB! Ta comarea decd (naa ON ~ diablo in conus) sla umaarealnversi (aoa OFF = din condctie [a bloc) numit parame de Input (g48) Fig. 46, Diagram fusions pets deine pramesilor de imple a TB Ta comutsie Parameri de ipuls sunt: tiny de naire lncrestre a curentll fe ft apart ere (9 + tptimp de rete oan urentll de coletor fs 1 Cotinp deevacure sri elecce soca in baz Ia comutare invert:a rttcartine “tytn decides a ont caret clerics + toy = +1y-tinp de conute deca TB i-timp de comutae avers aT. 42. Comutyin TBS pe sarcind reristivt “Trazistorl Qin fig. camp sari rezstiv Rin excusa PSF in plana carci de ere fe icc Je nig. 4.7. Foote de unt Ale ean g ic tensa wey pated istnanee oy =e In ade ing sum ele din ig. ‘Aproximind pin segmenc de Grepts ewentl ic sf terslunea ce pe ineevalee gi 1.s€_ deduce exresa pute md spat pe TBY pe drt ns vou de comutaie >If he Pap tPA) F sur tg Foatra= "foun fogto incor, pentru ujrcen calor in intel, oraien © exe nga fst rua nO" saat a ncepul ses interval read as! ove vrala Putrea medi displ pe interval ete teeHfao conned fit) on epic needi ineve tenf Ee real focetr ect Telocuind lie (4) 9 (4.6) in lain (44, rz xpesia puter ai isis pe TB pe dur ne! prone coma _ Helo ig) Eat) g a ais Beleut, Eelowte (5 fest asy % an AnatzaPpice ised coi ocr pet simulans PSpice a TB) ev sarin rezisvs igh’? eet Ia esto electron, ar coils ee Comutntia BY pe srcina eisiva Re LIB CAMSIMEVSSILIB.ipoa ib 932002Ns92 YET DPULSECS S 00028450) mogstonuspolsecusoscmm RbI2 100 wees 030v Red 40 TTRAN 10 1004 (OPTIONS TLS-0 RELTOL-0.001 PROBE END 4.21, Se vizualizeuzs po ala exam cura 40M1B(Q) $1 10(Q). Se misoars aarti de impuls earsterzat pi ntervalele de timp yf ton os OBE ein ng. ‘122 Se vimalizeud pe 4 cre dierite mall 13(Q),1C(Q), VB), VQ)ICIQ). 2 Sompard en spect cu gAa $e moot Zp Icy ss veri eu cele inate pi all dest flosin eoremele Kirchhoff pe cel din fig, end ‘Trent swat » Fig 4.7. Tin comusie pe seins revsvls «) cre) ears puna igual de unonareavuicasas 423. Se desenczh data de srcnd fc “lone 915 compart cea gin fig47b, Seva deduce expeia dept de sarin fein! teorema Kiet pe tui din fig. ws o 1.48. Fomele de und ig ics ce $i py ale TY coma pe srcna 43, Comutain TBY pe sarcns reist-induetiva In conti reat de intone, proces de comutare last bipolar de puree este determinat nu ual de pret ninco de coma cl de ‘arse sus Aatfel a consierim Sel dn fig. eu TB? funciona in ‘Simul pe sarcog inductive. “ricer PSE In plana arctic de lee ic =icucg) le TB ‘aan poses complet de somuie(condufe-bocar avers) uebuencon At de puteca cispatépe TB ete pore conafenomenul de strpungsre Secu (Tg. ack Aa 9 tansisorl sea ijl locre fn punt grav A, a plana comena de somutre in conduc s produce saltul din A tn B, su avpo.ancu. parcurgtndu-se tn continue curb de satus B.C. Dupt eomande de Boers, [pusetlfiguratv esr aecia CD-A, ln nai de erat de poeiare a Inet, punt D de poas al pe nau erate de suspungre par. Pe tzalecteria C-D-A se descard energinacunult I inducing, 0 pare pe reser (ese iar caal pin snr, ta Strapungei seconde a) iret; by excrsia pet grat de fontionare.e setsceninies {In interval de boca ty, eel echivalen de comtare exe ce da {4.10 care razor a fst model prnt-un comuatoe Teal. Asset 'aproximare este posi inact anaia et determin piel de costs ‘ein asarcinTensiunea tn srpangeta prime wie» Ucar) ABid ‘rem ici pel tac ei ta Re = Be Vestn) an Comarca tn bloareieepe in moment in sae somata! Stree de pe pocia pe pozhia 2. Condi nal pet cinent se Fo~Ucttan) Net =0)= oy =F Mesto, as) a = a Soli cou ete: Fe—Uosrme){,_- { en Fett 16 be ye Funder ts/Rs. 4.10) Rs ‘Dad saci este patemicinduesv stl inet Ls / Rs >> els Rs >>1y ‘i energia acumalatt ls sista incre este suicient de mare (Wz = Ls!2yy /2), uncle anetlonaepacurge tiers A-B-C-D.A, Ded tensiunea de aliments Bd de oplicare a pull fst na too prot Ge PF poe not robe sean ‘cundre n F In acest caz, PSE se nionce spe aonacare spied lan strpumgee second, adapta se poste dstugs Anan Ppice ie coresunator aie Spice ete prevent n ile fier e irc corespunator a fot dean lin se at nna eloevon A, loro sh ete Comair TBP pe sarc rei ndtv LIB CAMSIMEVSSUIB\Bipie. Q320Q2Ns402 YET OPULSEE-S 80002841004) Rb12 100, Yee $030 Rets40 183.4 25011 10-0275, STRAN 1052008 ‘PRORE ‘OPTIONS iS = 0 relat ~0.0001 END ‘muvasronu mova cu sancti “4.31. Pe ciel din fg 4.9.36veliazaa cuca de elector C(O) erent de iat Ib(Q), tesiinen colosocemior VO) 9 puteren instance V3)ICIQ) Apata 6 rant, Exist moments in ee ptr stata pe tenisor exe eel unstrl etr epergCm xa ast rs a ot {Tpoaival este pes det nu comin ue de ener 2 amtacac co PSP in paul crmteiicor de ie Tewictuce). Comper evalua cb cca din Tg49%. Ueniea puncte rcpunaioare stir eonre nce nso ee stat respect los ‘Game Cone in eae rear vananoral in acest cieut 7 ic ER ° » Fig. 4.10, ComaresTT i bloc pe srcind FL: 4) crit echivaleni een de enor tense colectr-emitr.rst 5. INTREBARISIPROBLEME Sit salves pest pute tas: dpa Bn omuti pe src rexiniv. pe ‘2 plea rnd st de in de programs ‘qrsz00NT MODEL QIN NPA(BE=200 DC VOC OV 10V 08V TB SuA75GA Sak LIB CaSIMEVSHLIBpolr i 3.20 Q2NSI02 3. Un TBI functioned in RAN gi we fe=20md, l=100. gi 10" 4. Clea SA. Peni TI din fePA Cael fos I Va ean se dur @9096, Vou 3". topo =( "Pla P.t Shana elec pneu pobloma 5 AS AMPLIVICATORUL OPERATIONAL AP ICAI ELEMENTAREE 1. OBIECTUL APLICATHEL ‘Se dfnete nian de apiintor operons (AO) is desea mdse chivalene de AO ide AO real. Se cramer paramo spacfel AO ra. Se ‘fsponstesa rail matey ale apie ncensine wsay ale esi de Iejire penta configura de bz realiate cu AO ideal, Pe otal experiment din Labonte, realzat ot AO tp BA TH, se studlara preci wnee dine ‘onfgunjile de bars qi Se teal carctrisica ampltudie-iecven Se ‘Simutez ew programa PSpce one conga de bars se comput reaiatle ‘bine. pin samulare on fommuele ae caleul denoasuste gt realatele perineal. 2. INTRODUCERE TEORETICA 21, Definite, model echivatente Amplifesor operational ese un anplifcator de cent continu cu ertonae donee ampicare prope abcd dessa forte mar, ee (eltae font mare reste de eee Teste mic. Aste of eaople ‘& notunes de ampliisor heal de ensue, reprezenat de AO ideal eae are ob By oul By 0. “AO ta reo src intra complet ing ala in ma mate eae ample cu rene. AO este ella Indusval sub forma wn iret sera monolie, Tr fig1 este preenat simbool AO (5.1. us mode de AO ce oe ont de ampicren in bul deschish oni (6g1.) gu model i crea, sunt ft (iS. In gS. se floese urnstoarel pois specie AO: U* potnilalboenel positive (eevesoure), U"- potential Borel neve (verso), Ue =U? =U">lesanen de ina diferent, Ug» tensinen de ier, Jp erent de inrare (oar) a borne nelnversoue, 5 - curetl de ine (polsint)lbrneiinvercre, 9 E~~cele dou esi de ainevire Seen 9 EEN mt ti th ‘ere de nrare ges dei: Up =a-(" -U" Joa Ug: * mu es — -——u ws el Ouw | «fo ~ | vu u by ~ oe ~ Fig... Simbol y model de AO 2) simbol AO: model de AO iseal a=, Ry 9-9) Ry P05 €) model de AO ee, R$ Riis Pati debra AO a opine bl ed pore JO, tal el 2-4 a Up/Ue in valori de ordinul 10%..10°); ant arn, (al Re a ord 1 Q...10°' 2), et a st Ry (ea Ry0; ayy td i ray Grol de porta, mitt Ip (8 cleud dph formal nal) rh ter te nt ttt elie en ele (ote) Se mh Ug de x ve ‘exsuni unl genestor de ensigne contin cont au dite bons de Inga ale AO (cell borate canes a mas) pete ea esis de ere Up =. Kel, Ug =0 lr ol Uy ete de orn sa ra is Herat, wat SR doit ca vite maxi de vari tenure ‘nd antares aplic8un senna de ip weap ulas: Si=| U/l. + anda de freevega a AO, at B, Demonstrator matrices configura lementare pamete de Jn doub aide baz ale concept de AO ideal, name: U" =U" gh 5-0 ‘Se dee reli de proietae spl, apical Tn pret eueror ie. 22.1. Configuraia de AO neinversor {intig2: sepropune o configure de AO idea iver 1 Re “wf Fig52. Configure de AO idea eavesor ‘Se pi relailespvitce AO ie ql core Kirin: braver so nee Vom (Rn +R Chine cel ate eo.) et te si at) 6 aro} a ~ epttaatnetins 4= f= “9 ete nie 4 es Pe baa gu 52 gia reais (5.2) pte justi duit nermeroare” a acest configura anne ensues dina P sap ye bona nlersoare& ‘AO, ie poariatn seal tensa de ite Vp ete aces netmersa) ah olarinte enini de aear 2.22. Coniguatin de AO repetordetensinne {hig este repent coniguata de AO Wes reptr de teasanewa bv BE ISV oT o Fig53, Coniguajia de AO idea repetor de tensiune Aces configu objine din cotiguatia be AO idea inverse (fi. 3.2) acs a rena lareistents Ry wore, Ry r=) gi fn redsena Roel, Rp0), ‘Se api elie spectce AO idea eorenele Kitch vo yr every, 6) bh -ry=vea)=ry insist deci.) reels = toner deere Fp =F; 6) = pisos intense 4, =H 6) Ps ba figuri 53 yin reli (55) pute justin denomirea de repetoare dk tensiane eesti conigarafi, anus fens de ere este esi rept) tenalunes de intare 223. Configurfia de AO inversr Inf. se propane o configura de AO ides inven, ‘Sc apilveliespocfce AO Hea eremele KirchoT: v + y=ra)=y,— ey Vo=, te + ert 6 liming crena Idin sistema de sai 7) re ax upicavORUL oPsRATIONAL 6a) 69) Fig.54.Configuatia de AO ideal inversor Potoazn Figur 54 salad (5.8) puem justice denunirea lmersoare” & acct configura anume tcsiuea de intare Ve aplet pe bora imersoare & ‘AO, far policies (Semnul) tensa de ieyie Vp este opus (mesa) fat de polite tensa de tare rata de AO inversor de plartate ure ete un exe parttlr al coniguratich de AO inversor, fig. i ca se leg cele do rexntents egal, sme Ry = Re (Geexompla, Ry = Re = 0K), Aue! in sisted es (5.7) rer Berit (10) = teasiunen de yr: ampitiarea intense: 4y Ae 6. my oo obaza gui 5.4 particular (y= Rp) 4 «reli (510) pe jsifon enumiea ,mertare de polartta” a esse contig, anume tesiuaca de Ire 75 aptct pe bom mersoare AO, lar telanea dere Vo 0 ace valoare fn module tensiunea de ine F, dar este de smn contrar acest (ae Parte ers2.25. Configueatia de AO sumator Fig5. prt oconfguaie de AO stunstor de tenia wc tei de lope Vo st Suna poner u sein shin esa Vp $i Fa Ry ' Fig. Confguraia de AO isl smaior ‘Se aplit relailespecfce AO ideals eoreele Kirt var" yt =re2)=0 - (UVa Buly Via Ral Vy Baly 612) ly +ly o=-Re-t loi eng 11,139 fy dia sistema de cous (512), rea expresia ‘ensunl de eve ca sud ponder eu sem sent tensor de nar: ym iia Ms ean Rh 226.60 jurajia de AO diferenial In fig se propane conigrae de AO ical difeengal de tnsane a cia terline de eire Up ene pondrea ieee tensile de intare Vy. ‘Seapic reli spesfce AO ie eoremele Kirsh 610) ‘Fig.5.6 Configurajia de AO idea diferent de tensiune linings curenii 1, «i 12 in sitemul de cout (5.14) aleatad Hy / y= Rs Ro, re expiant de ep Vp © ponder a dierete tented iar Tae ryt) or) 22:7. Coniguraia de AO derivator In fg7 se prope 0 conigurtic de AO Ideal deivaor de tensiune a ea teosane de eie vp) ee deriva cu sea schmbat tensa dinate). ‘Seapllt rela specfice AO lel eoremeleKirchot: 6.15) ley Se imino cucnl U , din sister de cou (8.19 eth expesa test eee v(t) eu. deriva ponders cu sera sehimba eas de nae (1) 1 au) vol=nhay omFig.57. Configured AO ea deivator de esi 2258. Configueatia de AO integrator In fig 38 se propane 0 configure de AO ida! insaratr de esiune acu tensune de ler vy) ete nepal poner eu smn sch a tsi de ince (1) Cyc 33nF Fig ConSigurjia de AO izlIcgratr de tesiune ‘Se opis elie spectoe AO ie eorneeKicho b> =Vea)=v(t)— Ry) 6.18) lavt)=—vert aie(t) dh l=ce pusicarosta oPERATIO s liminind cient (in sist eeu (18) rez expres tens de pr v(t) a intralapondert ou sem schimbat tain de nar v(t): wg HO 6.19) 3. MONTAJUL STUDIAT Machata de lsoraor din fg.59, imprunt ou clementle pasive neesre por slanendieritlr configura desis n papal entrar, ee dott tin AO tip BA 741 realizat tehnolgic sub fom as cet lateral. AO exe slimentat cu doua tenia continue diferente £*—t1SV 41 EW=1SV, Corea tensa de oft se realizes ea ejutoral nul poteiomety de TOKE care are sv boreleextre conectte a pin 3p 9 a AO, Sa eusru a tenses Prin intermedia une rein de proteete Mache confine np element de protec care mt aparni5.9 doce preci inpotan pet desfgurarn api 4 DESPASURAREA APLICATIEL Apart $l echipamente necesare Su de ensue cooinaa saints 4103; generator de tensiune de joa fecvens E15; ‘elloscop cu dou canal E0104, *calulatr compa TBMPC; = pet de programe pe simularePSpie (vrata sub Windows). 41, Vertes experimental 4.14, Studil contigueil de AO neinversor 441.11. Pe machota din ig. 3. 36 relzeart eames nessare penis one Schema din ig 5:2 pet valorilr Ry = fy = OK! fg = Ry ~ 00K. 41.12. Ce sur de senna, ae floss He o tnsine copious dat de ssa ‘nbatt L410, eo tensiue alternative de generator de jon feoveta E- (S01, cone tre intaesneiveroare AO 9 tus. Tension sus d= senna Ys eu vo vlouecupin ite eiva ze! dem festea sulin de vot (de ‘xempl O,1V, «a In fig.2). Se aplich poi tensunleconine de aimentare de :E15V sob luorl unit oxiloseap E0108 se vimalzeaa forma sera a inte la sea amplifier In bel cn, Se compu tenses ere (au ampliteines ecu ee cael eu relia 3.2“411, Cu valor experimen ont asteror se caleleaAampiaren a {eran oy 388 compar eu valoare alec lain (3) Gime eis ee oh Behe sy: hee as PEE ». Fig59. Masheta de borate «) sensi pinr eet egal BA 741; 1) eomporetle mart! abrsor 4.12 Studie conigarfic de AO repetor defense 1.241 Se elecene conte pests bjs scene dn 83, lasind 0 ‘ha tie son deve (Beexempls IV cao i.) ‘C122 somsoan tein deine Vp ge compare cen calcula (5), 4122 Se veto relia (5.6 decal! aampliei in tesiune Ay 4.13 Studi congue de AO averse 14'S efesenehcoeunile penirs ober scent din fe pentru Mois By =k) 10KQ 4 R= y= 100K0 4 legit inereaoeinaoare bs ‘ns pin nemo reste y= 1K U1 S aplico tesiune continu ante d O€2V..0.2V (de exe OV, SAFieSa pv mason ov closcopal easnile de sre de int olosind ‘Spud (ec) laine a ampfeaora Y, prt pe fel feet ‘Sohne a scaal CLBK' Scamp vlosrea miso e esi eee Vp 68 valor leu areata eueicaronu ov exapout os 4.1.34, vst ela (5.9) deel a ampli tense Ay. 4.14, Stel conigurafi de AO sire Aut Se eroteneh conse patra obfees schenst din 18.6 peta Valo pony eV0KO, esky TOKE, y= Ry 222K 9h [p= Rs =22K0 i fosnd dou suse de teste comin ce ptf regal ‘alo de Gand ol (de xem y = 02 9g 02 F56). 4142. i stort osissopull voles de, se msn terse de {CIES Compa valoaea mist tnsil de ee Y cu value cleat tu rela ($13), observe valor eel scheme sit as atl net at Feld onda Ry = eh 4.15, studilcontgurail de AO derivator 445.1 Se clociaed conextnile petty cbinee schemel din figS.7 pena Salone Cy =C)= S60 pF 1 Ry = R= 00K 4152. Se apis pe inrre inveror (prin feel caps C) un seal ‘rptunghinar frit de generator de jos fecvens E0501 a ci ample se fica a 1V gl ecoven efixua Ia Valoarca de TKz. Se vizslizeaza ensunea eg g(t 8 exple etat “4143, So trees fora tens ee v(t) pe bara rel (5.17, 41.6, Stil configura de AO integrator 44.64. Se efecucard conennile pone ebintce scene din fg8 penry Valorie yy = TORQ Si Cp 441.62. La inate ae api scl eral ea pone 415. Se vializez forma tsosuni de fp vo pers dere valor oe sero spicata ine inerreteazareutatele 411.63, So exples forma tensa de ete v9) pe bare (5.1. 4.17. Ridieaseacaracersteit amplitude recvenf a AO. 41.74, So efae configura de AO iveony, en fp 0 api ls Smmal sinioiel cu ampli const (2 exemply OVW) gi cu fosvena ‘sezotoare dela Ikea valor de eel de KHz ‘C122. Per dere valor ale roses se misur cu oxiloscopu amples ‘et ia vat (phi somal de igite. Se repre upl gael dependent Split elude ie a noi de evens 411273, Se interpreters veal obi42, Analea PSpice 42:.Simularen configura de AO neinversor «aa Setelosonrs propre Design Center va, poi Notepad. Se desc ise SRSA ate ine denumnt aoneineci eoreapunetorschenet din fp, ‘ila sobiectorleleeronLa ante Configure AO neinsroe wiaoalv 3021255 ;AOaee-20000 RIOT OK. RIS 100K RINT21G AO we Rj=1G0 ples re module I 32 oF Tissue de calcula punt defneionar ne ‘TEvG) vino de calcula Fanci deans END sn Cra rc i en cnohne Teas acias tah see SESE Sat wpe ct sin in Megs rome at «SE edge et ay - SE Stage aT a oe ai (aE ata re ia I a coi cr gc tems gl cic ceremony Ea) Stink ae me cea as cso (ecole elite 2) 91 (53). 422 Simulareaconiguafeide AO repetor de easiane 4.31 sent prog DesyCone Ba pe Nel Se aie ie Cra Tila inte demu ooreptencircoepuzator scheme din p33, ‘eal in subrectoval electron st Configuaia de AO reper de ensiane viol 102288 RINI2IG oP TVD VI IND 442.22. Se efctuarh ania PSpce Menu aoreptenci. In Notepad ese ‘eal Simul din Tier de fejreooreprosou. Se vor copia solu de Senna me (ensure pod coreg pei srsle de tensune gt pura ola ‘pats pees gi carctertile de seal mie (Aygo). Se vor SoMa ‘eau cele clelate cu real (55) (58). 44.23. Simularenconfguraiel de AO inverse 442.31. Se sokeceara program Design Comer Fv, spi Notepad Se deachide 56 ‘se ele intare deni aici corespunzaa scheme din ig iat recta Sele al Confit de AO aversor wiiooiv 300228 RINI3 1G ‘oP "TF VG) Vi [END 4232, Se cfecweart analiza PSpice a fierlul acim. In Nowpad se cess Fealiacle simul in Tier deere ain ou Se vr copa sole de eo tc (ensinie i nour, caren pin sursele de tensioe i puteres ttl spt) procum gi earacesticle de seal mie (ay 6h Se vor compara zac ‘bia ou cele eau cu elie ($8) #189). 424, Simularen configura de AO inversor de polaiate 42441, Seseleccua program Design Center Bra spat Novpad. Se deschide se ‘opt ier de intaredenenit animal. eorespuntr scheme din Star Imeae R= Re = OKA, edit subtrectral cbelectoniA ast: Cong de AO inveror de polite \tioaav 3003265 RED 10K R23 10K. RIN? 1G oF 42.42, Se efetvearA analiza Pic figs aotmpocr. Tn Notepad a tee fenilaele simul din fie! de lyre atmpotoa. Se vor copia solu dea essa ‘ermal aie (eslnile nod, cure pin ssl de tense puters ttt ‘Espa cacti de smal mic (yf Rg). Se vor compra reels inte ode calcul cu rai (3.10) 9 (51D, 425 Simutaren configura de AO sumator 442531, Sesuetert peopl Design Centr Baloo Nota. Se desshide xe ‘opine fiend de atare duit oosum i corspunctioe scheme din fig 38, ‘shu subsector etestrn.tatee Config de AO sate MII Te010V REL IK ‘iz b020v RoI 2K is 1e030¥ RS 1e13K RAIS 0K 20500 5021205 RINDIIG or iD 4282, Se cletvent sonia PSpice Herta commeir. In Napa se ctse ‘all snl in Gera de re asun ow, Se vos copia soll de ser tne (ero nou ere prin srl de estne 9 puteen tl ip), ‘Svoreompar rele objint eu cae caleulate cu relia (5.13) 4.26 Simularen configura de AO diferent 42461, Se setae popranl Design Center val, poi Nowpad Sede se ‘opine fir ire denutlt aodflr corsponztr Scena in 5 6, ta ‘surest eles ast Contguae de AO deat wisoosv vat00av fs03225 RUUD IOK R25 1006 RING S43 224 Pda or END 4262. Se cfectooart analiza PSpce a fiir aadifir In Notepad se eese rez simul din fier de ire avout Se vor opin Sluie d seal te ensinie tm nor, coeni pin suse detensune spate ol dspt. Sovor coopera rettle obits c cel calculate folosiad eal (5.15) 4.27. Simularea configura de A derivator 42.74. Se seletearaprograml Design Center Eval poi Notepad. Se desshide se ‘opie ierl de ina denimit ders corxpunasorscheel dla g7, ‘tit a sbdiecorl eesti at Confgui de AO deivtor VETOPOLSEIOV IV Tas Tus 0.5m Is) C112 S6i—F RING? MEG RR 25 1008 3002 Ibs “TRAN 01 2 Ou O08 “PROBE END 42.72, Se ectucat analiza Pc frau adr In Probes va dese Fgrl de date adr dat urn acces cae celeron gorda Se vada ‘wmatareasucesime de omer: lo, di Plt, Trace, dd Trae xe va sles {enmnen de intrare Vi), Seed co pe eral do jos pec 8 mua SEL facet eran gi so 4a da din nou muecosinen Trace Ald Trace gi sb va soles ‘ensue deere VI). Se or compara ise vor explca rez obit cu cee ‘alle folsing rela (17). 428 Simularen configura de AO integrator 442.81, Se selcear pogratl Design Center Ev, pot Notpad Se deachide 30 ‘copia eal de irae danumitcolmeycr- conespanttor wham din Be, ‘that In subiectorleleleetonlt af Confguti de AO integer VILOPULSE(GV 1V 0 Ta tos 0.5m Is) RL12 toe R23 230F RING? 1OMEG. E3002 18s STRAN 0.1 2 us 0.8 ROME ENDscars ecu ela Pipe i ning a Probe va decide $385 SSS hme med met ne lon tune ev et come: tl in Tae Tas Ws eloss ane er WhSe cade ep col & a pry 3m SE 0 sn ey din scene Tre, At Tran ele Soe VO) se vrcompend vorcpia renal inte se ‘Seated la ._ INTREBARI St PROBLEME ou et ea a cms Sener ee at ee a ey patewaes ee pho Fic lh a ers tl A Seg wt cored a seb BO oe om st inl Wl one 10 ih (3 fa opin eit yy alot aes ts pet cae te see Tet ae a nce cs Me eter eer eerie rs pete ii de sion (ae es A6 ‘OSCILATOARE ARMONICE §1 DE RELAXARE 1. OBIECTUL. APLICATHEL Anticon ore ca seop stuul oscllaomrcor smonise (sinus) i exponen. Se prezni coe ise verifies prin snulre PSpce principal de ‘ener oselirsinusldale pet ic else de rt Ca exenpls ‘doscltr srmoni cu rea, a analiza tortie se vere rin sinulre ‘in minutter pe machen de laborsiorcsciltou tn pute, Wis relat co ‘amplifies! operational BATA. Ca exempl de osisor exponential, = suds ‘corti, pin simulare si experimental pe ali nacht de labora ctiintol de ‘elnare realzat cv TUS, foes In omnis dsportivelor senator de ple Ain schemeleconvetoasorenrgtice 2. PRINCIPIUI. DE GENERARE A OSCILATIILOR SINUSOIDALE: Celt electronic care generar Ia lyre oxi snasoidle se mameste slr amon El eid convein esi rit 0S ria de ‘ureat continu energie de cuenta 2A. Preventare terete circuit RUC sere ‘Un exempls de ciel elect de ordinl 1 sepals genre oscil ‘owsoile et cull RUC sere dia 61. ComututoralK est nip pozita 1 pis ta nears complet a eondenaiorut Cc tension [Se alege cx ‘women inal = moment emul comuttorll K de pe poi | pe pon de er, det Ue 1, Kk 2 aha Jugy R iy Fig... Cirut RLC si er tran prin genes vii inodeavtacannne Folosind torema Kirhhot, ecuatia fered de ordinal 1 aga Sct eat Prt gc MCs ye(t)=0, e4 conte nil uc E tcf ACHE uel) 0, 64 site isle Ue ew) =0 wo as se note y= 7h pin de enact ry cof = 5 esta deamon sos, 6 sei 6 vn Pit aus BE cab, o cin his Uc)“ a) cat carats apt com cltrenile (4) so objne duc so oa necumscua c(t) prin I, deivaa ede ordnul I rin gt dria el de coin pia 2 2 + 2ay5h-+08 65 Paar a objine soli amonicd«ecauel (6.1), webu ca soup esti sanciisie (63) sh ie ramere complexs. Punnd condiia ee discrimi lel de gradu (6) nega, rez coda de protectare acre: Ry i" 69 nue reo cull dene (6.1) 8 bine sola: omnes tsi Bi stopp afaniErve) ee ade g = ae z Sept deen exe cal p conde etre ema sialon) a eli (6.1 (68 eprezinexpresa matematit a nor oscil snide (gee pot sina ‘osela seldale amortzate (0iy6:2, cars on pete Ro, 1 tea sma neamortzate (1.6.2), car se on penta 1 el simul rpromorta fg 620), ere seabin pers Rel; > o @ Fig.62. Tips eos sino ale tenia (0) 4) esc anorizate bose name; oct ‘sypaentizae oe la ejitea dint-un oss sinusoidal este em din fig6.2. Cum in relate exit cal Ro, soil pata obinerss oar tamortate eint) st 7 icaea de dpactiverenicondctore en rexisteldinamied negatvcae fu rlul de 1 aula reastcja RO a clr ase 8 compensee erred ener,= tiara ere refit poive in protector schaelor de scloare ex eae care compesena pds de col arate eines 0 pin Turesen une! Pa din cepa senna isola de fy a inrarea ‘lor Mentions ot rn onal destabilise oa vain ere it dewrece mu ptf aspirate perry feet! Joli aa. as aa Pape 212.1. Sta iret RLC sere amortat ne 2.214, hodel apse» ceil RLC se abortat eel 6G 6308S ‘op era decrat RLCami, care pie in subcresoal Principal gener oslo amortize Cor imp ic=10V 112 10mit R200s ITRAN 2.5 100s Gus 25 UIC prone END {QC (Use nit Conon) 122.12, Se ete din feral de coi ese nial (0) ou care a ost ‘ols condenatoral C. to 1 pet 10m vom c Heo ce Lc 9 im 05 Im Min tw ° ‘ ° + + ° » sanucvieyan hss Mot Spe ssi RC spn eco oc ron , fe progeane Design 2.2.12. Se lnscazt tn exe programa Pp din pst de progr Design Center Eval in Windows io sialczt cic Se ianseara proganl Pre ‘Jlamiizares foeelor de ani. Se decide Merl de date RUCare da ip dou ‘Sone spurte cate pn ect Plt, Ales vinizaa tesioet VA) SEromat NC) ye condemn, Se compar Frmele de ond obit ct tees dia fa 620, 2.2.14. Se vei prin cle rain (66) care sigur eslaa. Modi alrite ‘omponenclr atl inci lia (6.6) sha se verifies teu puns 22 12 $2213, Cecbeeval? 3.2.15. Secalelecaperoad de oscil flosnd relia (6.2) 9 erat. ce ina pei sian 3.2.16, Masur defzajol ine tension V1) gi crea (C). Compara eu ce in elie (69) (68 expen reauacle obit. 23.1.7 So urge elmpul Ulc din seul de cel ECamcrss uleaz in noo Programa PSpie. Ce se obsova? Dedoea ole eins UIC In xinulaes telson 222, Stud crits ILC sere neamortiza 2.2.2.1 Model Paice a scl RLC sere amartiaese celine 6.3. Se ‘copia eral de Gcit RLC el cares dst suet electro Principal generar opiate resonate Cov in ic=10V Cro dant “TRAN? 5s 100ms Ous 258 UIC PROBE END 2.2.22. Se anear in exceuie programa! Paice dn ache de programe Design ‘Center Eval dn Windows se smuleaa creul Se latea pogramol Probe de inulzaea formelo de und Se desde erl de dt RLC dor pe do ene Separate ajinte pin secvenla Plt, Adda se vzalzens tensines Vl) curentl 1(C) pe condensaiovl, Se compart tome de wh obits cu cle toortce dn i. 628, 2223. Se ego dn fier de crt tesunen init Uc(0) ou care fost Inciratcondensatorul C_ Se ealuleaedamplitaineatensiult VC) ¥ erent 1{C) eu reaile (63), (67) 4 (68) 91 se compart on valor ee pe peice ca uso ea ume a Sever Tots, Cursor, ipl, 22.24, Se caluleaah cowie de amorzare ci slaa (63) sis verified ap ‘ela (6.6 eae sigur osc 22.25. Secafeulezapiona dose Folsnd lai (6.2) ve compar ou 8 ‘ina pein simular 223. Studio ciruiulai RUC serie supramortict 223.1, Model Pspice acral RLC serlesarizatexte el nFg.6.3.8, Se ‘copa peal de elt RECsyp, aes ls in sbdiectorleeleceonL6: Principal generar osiaiorsypraamortizte Cor ime iC=10y 112 101“ pcan ‘oscrane at a 200s relat Barbhouer: TRAN 25u 100ms 0250s UIC Bedr=t, (6.10) ‘PROBE «are se poate descompune in out reli ‘END Baal, (oy 09+ Pay = 2k unde he 46.12) 2.2.32 So larscazs In excuse progr Popice din pata de programs Desien (Center Eval in Windows ne simular evel Se lnsea pograml Probe de ‘iar a fommelor do und Se deschie Hye de date fLCeup dat ip dou ‘sone spare obj pia even Ploy, APs vizasiza tenaunes V1 renal KC) pe condenstor Se compart formele de unde olyinute cu cle toot din fg. 622. 123533. Se veri prin cle! ria (6.6) cae asgut oscil, Mesifclvlrile ‘omponentlor asl fc reali (6.9) 8.845 mal Yreka peel 2.2.1.2 12213. Cootseral 3234 Se celular priada de asl foosind reli (6.2) 4 s€ compart cea inu prin simul. 3. OSCILATOR INPUNTE WIEN Princip ciara armonie eu reat Schema bos a ssl anonie eu race (5g) et detec cea a ampoule rst, cu desea et reagan oer est pot adic Sem de reste X30 aun eu semaaul de invare X;- petra compensa pie deem pin cet one wn ea 6 he Sn eamoriza (ig 6:2. Th fige$ au fut wtoarete nota 1X) = Ase Jay) -sornall deiner sisal srs zor +X, = ces Jgy)- senna dn buen de eat; + etal comparator, a clr igre ete Ny =X) + Xe = Keay e)= semnall de crore: + = Xo /Xe- amplifiers amplieart fr woes Yo anf de ante a reel de reat. Remit exresia 48 ampli amplifier eu etic: Xo 4 a Bw “0 dooarese oir nu ese allmetatcu sus de cure slr snore ing! Xo 40 fn in lain (6.9 rez con de ose its 69) un Xe » x —} » Fig64, Schema bloc oscar ammoniceu etic 1) sche pineipil; b) sch echivalethn cel prinipile Relaia (6.1) 2 nue rela Ia arkhsen peru ample yi pect deerminren ampli semoall sinusoidal de ie Xia ea (612) 6 umes reload BarBhewen peu fcd si ponte determinate feevenfe de aia Xo 32. Oxcitatorin pante Win reaiza ew amplifeator opera Oseieoral ix pane Wien ve amet atl devsree tote componente ale pasive se pot desen su fm une! pun let (ig.6..).O att denn exe fea de oclator ea de reat amplfeatr define (Ti 631), ete pane sel in evident eemnteescanel be oscltorlr ew rate (i.e4). Eee tot osiator anon face pte da elegrin emiltarelor de tip Re deoaee 1nd de apne opera (0) ein compen dow eee‘Schon de cae eevee’ de ose fn # ssl in pte Wien $i ampli ensiunil de leyre Up este cen in fg... eae se recnanste configuati de AO neaversor ae ampliicare ae expres: y= 1 Rte, 66.3) Folin erenle Kc se pone ao nia de rns el de sea « Pear sel, bie spit ain Barkausen (6.10), ere yak sun namere res det exe neces en Bs fe monde ral, Ann pasta agit in lia (6.14 a pls. scl ay, ez oven de ose: tae = (15) Joe On TREE ncaa panos Ry = = R i Cy=C3 =C, rea: ae =, po 1/31 at (16) Sie SB Ee Bei An 3 619 ‘fos rte (13) 9 (616, rai rai de poeta: Ria =e on CContiguratic de ‘AO neinversor Vo Fig65. Schema principal ost in punte Win saz cu AO 1) evden pant Wien: 1) evidentern amplifier nets ell de reacti(del Psyc) 33. Montaju stint Macheta de laboruor din ig.6.6, seca cu ea dn fg 5.9, este dott un ‘AO tip A741 realzat ehnooge ub fom an cicut inegrat. AO ext linea 4 dou lon ontinae ieee '=s/SV gh E-m-1SV. Corsi ten ‘et se realzezt eu aftr ul poteationetrs de 10K sare are horse exten fsnetnt la pin 3519 a AO, far eusoul a tensianen &=-15¥ prin itera tne redistenie de protectetsy + ral px » Fig 6. Masia de abratorpets verifier exerncnal slau ta ants Wis ') seria plore negra BA 78; componente mashes de arsior 33. Desfjuraresapliatieh, partes ehipanentencesare ‘rs de tesiae conta sabia festa de esione dejousfecveit E015; ‘elloscop eu dou eanale E0104, sll compaibilIBM-PC cet de programe pent simularePSpioe (vain sub Windows. ALL Vere experimentale Po micheta de aboraor dn fi.6.6, se ellzezt cone prin fire neces inst schemed da g67 pont yale jie =, ga 240. Ry= fy = 10422, Ry = 180 $i Cy =Cy = 33AP- Diodsle Dy $i Dz ‘moots a anparael au rll de init amples serail sinusoidal del LATOAREARMONICESY DE aL Fejea oslatrall I valor tensor de inte tn conde ste dodo. Potetometrl RR; ar roll de saga pate conan =! Dr Rig ot a Rs Ray & ir > BS j. iw | * ip cy nF Bt] wok mle oT Fig.62. Schama pats oir ponte Wien ‘34. So calcleazt cu relia (6.15) amplifcme aplistor fr eat, S412, Se eleuleard foc relia (616) gs ere experimental valoara ‘bn prin miurten x oselscopal a pron tensisl deere vt), 34.13, Masti eu osclloscopul amplitudes taunt de ere w(t). Paes revede valor obits? 1342, Analia PSpice 34.21, Sosclceuz pogramal Dexign Center Evel, pi Notepad. Se deichide se ‘copiac Merl de Invare deaunit Wen cir corespanrtor modells Spice in 1ig6-7, eat n subarea elect 6 sel (sciaoin pte Wien X123a0 ‘bet AO in pin at ‘out pin min 225 Finmia pin Ime ‘sie be efnre AO. sede ikon nik. RRDL323K RIa2 10K, 220 1082 pucar nee c134s3e8 10-2v doar STRAN 2 50s Sms us 2Sue UIC ali ining (ean) “roa END {C1 eto incact tl a vloaren1O-2V 3422. Se ve slaite (6:16) (617) pen vaoile alse pena simulrea ‘Seni -_ wat Puch» 3425. So lansczs tn esciisprogramal pce pentru fier Wiener. Se inna i exeaieprogsamal Probe 1 vin tensions de lyre VO). Se {itsoart pevoa de otic folosind corsr activa cu Seven: Tools, Cirsor, ‘splays compart eu xa call uel (6.1). ‘342.4 Se moar cy cursor enpliuloen tens de ere VG) ise nota Salossa objid Se smb condi nila 1C=2V cu valorea IC~AV 3 ao e-IV. Se mood dia nou nil amit’ obit se dedoe relia de ele S162, Se serge efpul IC. Ce observa le Iasrea fn exceutiew programel ‘Sple? Steg apo empl LIC. Ce observ? 4. OSCILATOR DERELAXARE CUTU (OR-TU) 4, Prezentare teortich ‘ranastorl_unijonstione (TU) este components eletroniet de bert din siema OR-TUI, Simboll ou eit lest! (Eero, = baza Ug = baat 2) sacar intr schema ceed evant simples sunt prezsae tn fig.68 a coacteriioa ae i =ig/ug) ete prez tn 63. » » ° Fig68, Transl njonetone (TU) 4) simtol b) svuctr iter) shen ehivalent spits Se observ cla tensunes up = Up puncal Pde ve, TU ine sci Up=Uo+nUn (618) unde dy este teasunen de iatare fn conduct a dnd ehvalete Dlr ste apart de dvigore rea TL da alongs: = gy Man + Roa)= [03:03 w Latensanea ug = Uy epunclt V de yale, Tas locheaz Oxia de relexare cu TU (F6.10) ese uaa date apical casi ale TUDalu el epezctiad etude comand pe pour instore din schamle fecronice al convetoarclar energetic, wv Regises de blecae ——i Fig69. Canctrsica sated curentiensione ig = fgg Ja wl TO A Panetionare forme de und: Ins, TUhal este bloc. Condenstoral C se dneared exponential pin reasteja pin a teratanes Up ta eare TU Inn sondete eval de timp 7; din Hg6.11). Se laljass asl pocea de desemeare exponen a ‘ondenstorlsi C prin eistena Ry de yr pla a tenses Uy cre rez ineral de inp Ty << 7. Proces! de increre-destrenre condensin see eto ou peronda 7 =; +Ty 27. Tenslunes de ei w(t) In regi permanent de finjinare este periodic 5} exponcnial, peelulad din tension nef) ‘ondersntoruli doar impulse de descr pe data TyTr Ta Fig. Fomele dun ale tensile ut) # et) 1B) Rela matematice ‘evi eferetl pe interval de eteare Tet Vg = REMC 4,6 nia ia Ue) 0 (620) Solu cui (6.20) ese eft) =Vee| te 2 Pannd conn Ue(T 87) =p =nVc rea psa OR-TUS: Ps Reinet (622) Ta 42. natin PSpee Libra DCSEVALALIB 2 avant demonstrative Design Center Bval 9 program de simularePSpce nu one nel un TU, far defies uu subcircit Plea TUS dope capaciates maxima de T8D de componcote acetate Mite. De oem rules ser de ntare necestranaliet oscil de relate ea TU) a a fice su 9 vasian DOS ma perforant. 42:1. Se deshide fier de inrare corespunztor 6.10 a OR-TUI i director electron. on-rys LB C\PSPICEALAWLOLIB R2Isk C10 uP i-ov RIZ3 10 R24010 Xiuj3 14 2nn6as veo 2012 tra 130 50 ve probe ‘pion Lt-50S-0 nd 422, Se rule programul PSpice si se desenear cu peopramal PROBE pe dou ‘sane dtinee testupen V1 pe eondeastral Ci tenstuen de ire VE). Se ‘Sompactformele de vs bine ey ele tortie cin 11. 42.3'Se misoar eu sinrultsiuile Up Up pe forma de wd a tensa ‘V()y-Se detent rsporl de dvzure laiasee ai TUL. 42.4 Cu ajtoral cursos, ve moar timp ;, Ty st pevoada 7: Se comer ‘valoarea Piste valata calculate lia (522),partici 5, INTREBARI 1PROBLEME 5 Cun se poate pts oni nsanortzts? Care mio ee rabive Fe Cm pons nia amplinn orl generate de esto a punts Wit {ES pla snc orntoasor instruc Lup clrsPicbLst.sLi8 tn 0m he Silt AO min pint ot pin 28 fining eg 5:4. Coulee cpa Cc irl sine a oristor in pe Wie? 58 G'creat er rosie se septicaemia et ace 192125 wee sia ii de str a kd ese 8 ‘entra ca circuit si devind un osclitor armonic? stators Wino y= 70k2, my =0l0, Ky =1040, yeaa peso Cy lebt ato 8 Sis ORT do Sigs, ll ono ce seek condom Coat pis AT ‘CIRCUITE LOGICE COMBINAFIONALE ELEMENTARE OBIECTULAPLICATIEL Aplicaa areca scopfaiirizarea ou pore loglce NU, $1, SAU, $LNU, SAUNO gi SAUEXCLUSIY, cae fac pare dia clase “circular ogi combinjonale, ‘Se preaaid tort prints qi lie algebre!ooleee, ‘Simbolul pore loge, fief logie pe sare sexta reslzert gi ticle de ‘deve corespunzbioare. Severed pre cu volmetral electronic pe machen de Tabor tabelele de adv le poor loge sda ie eracteristin de teaser apo loiee NU. Se anlizeara pore loge prin simular Ppice pe baa Toemelor de nd le semnallor de fire cind la ite se eile un seta (Gonna logic and suzeslune oaeare de alo! logis 2. INTRODUCERE TEORETICA CCiritelelogee sunt crete lesronce care opereazh cv sermalelogse (igale)eare pot hn dott dvd aloe (nivel ogee: * ubwldlopie 8: serif, d exemply ipsa Seana OV; 1 pel lope: semaid, de exempl preena sean SV. ‘De aces, forma de un sealer loge exe inftdeana dreptonghilrs (3g7.1) care sucesiune de Valo logie ale tenia V1) ete T0101 we ov wf} | a }—|— | 0 0 ‘ Nog ss te 3 Fig. Exemplu de semvallogie In Tell 71 se presi sinbol, inet fogic implement (deni relaietonleua) 4 tabela de adevr pet pore logiceeementare NU, $l SAU, SI-NU, SAU-NU $i SAU-EXCLUSIV care pels semnaele lice V() sau $i VO).2 ne “Tau 7.1, Prez pri loee NU, Sh SAU, SAUINU, SHNU, SAU cncunecootcecovnunowussiemarise TXCLUSIY Menon cn defi tir loge sora ms dno Daca gia aor < , Tela deadrira vetuten ast egie bde Noe: toa | Sentai | poe de | Mere ceo = TsC}-7 7) ruwianeea | [OLE beep new pepe lcs propria dn eb xu | veneer Seven si 1 neraera | For Miner Menpem: ddA gh ri ategiedecomaaivine: 4808 Asp Beas soe imc | LVETT peeing ot i Move-in si | YM er) fowvay= | ato) Lage de aban: Vasteag Sra-ra) toto aia ooo isgleddariaivines AGC) ae ac ‘tmeraeailesd): aga | (OTTO tagehit eects we metadisense | [FOTTAT ‘ wna ar sav [MOP => 1. pro pes 2345 Pig P7.1. Schema etd foe de und pen problema 6.2 A8 ‘CIRCUIT LOGICE SECVENTIALE, APLICATIE 1. OBIECTUL APLICATH Apliaia re ea cop faniivzarca cu leat bastante stabil (CBB) de tip RSF, TD, care sunt ctrcite logic seevesile (CLS) element. Sut atlizats pe macheta de labora $ prinsimulare Ppceuneespicaiclasie le CBB, sme inversorsl rs fenomene de vor en aplcae'8 CHD tp RS), ‘numdrtorcle lecrooie (cu apliale CBB tip PK 3 tip T) st roitle (on {tliciea CBB tp D). 2. INTRODUCERE TEORETICA, 2, Gomera iit sirstle opie combinations (CLC) ot iret loge seeventile (CLS) uilizart sonal loice Deosbitea ints ate crate lice const in Papal ck CLC au liven dependents dour de nti, pe ind CLS wt ieyirle pendent att die eg de starenantviar in clsa CLS far pate cicultele basculate hsablle (CBB), cae sunt ciruite cv douk sv} stale trceren into sare Tn la flcind-se numa Ie Splinrea unl sera de comands in exterior. Fe aunt cite cu memor dick ‘in evaminarensermalelor de lye ve poate deduce lina comand prints de ‘real Pri CBB ptf eliza a umioarce variant: + sorant exineront ces variant de ealizare a CBB nase provi co Ince de comands suplimentar lacie se cnestsoh din ester in generator de impulsurt drepunghisare peidice num cas 9k nat CLE. De ose, tice modifiare asi oe condace ied (ack ste sl) In 0 Imolieare asi lel, ‘+ Naronca snerond re previa inarea de exas CER, del mwicre tit Jer ete comin att de mifearea sti inlor eg dealcarea tulips dees, ‘Veron sera poate snp (eu un sigur CB) say “mastery” (x ous CD), Variant snerond master-slave pemspune montres i eae (sel ‘up ala) a dout CBB, primi ndeptinind lu de maser” (M), al doiea de ‘slave (8) Taasmeeadntlos eeu In pa pa 1 Pad I: Se lear S eM;—_aticenisans ‘+ Pasul 2: Se valida trate daria Mi; ssc ey pana 3 Se lochoazd ln e dae, ete ads la insare eal pot Ire 5 gi Raunt nate petra ‘+ Pas 4: Se wansferadatele din Min. Lethe epetriapiprsirinelrirtirear kif pace eds stve pe nvelul lope 0, Se observ existent uel combina Intra, ume SRI, — + CBB tip IK prezntat ete sincron (ote proves iar de ceas CTE), ‘bjnu in cel 1S asineron complet eu Ie un vel de resi Olin prin intodocerea a tes dows port de tip SLNU pe lta, in scopul eli Prezentarea CBB tip RS,J-K, TD fn Tabet 7.1 se preva schemele bie de relizare CBB tp RS, 4K, Ti D, tabelele de adevar si unele aplcaicaice, Prin Qy sa nott igirea Q la combina interiseR-S1 CBB Hp RS, ‘moment fa prin Ons 8 Nottie Q ia momentul distet imei wemitoe + CBB tp T prezeiat este sino, dia din el de tp -K sincron in care me oe ‘sag 7 incl 3g sunt Fete impreant (JK) i in conaeclna 3 ropela oar ‘hale JK=0 gKI de CB tp 1K; + CBB tp Dex sina, obit din CBB tip 1K ta eae 1° fn consis ‘Tabelul 8.1, Prezntren CBB ip RS, HK, T9iD Se pet elllte dat ear de le CBB ip X.anume (>t sh K-0) 31 00 _ — i Kt) Se observ ct jen Q's emit CBB Hp D ma foe Sst ope rl | Schema login de elie ii fara Tint eau CLE ‘Cin Schema logics de reali Tabeudeadevar | ARICA = ons ew | Orsi 1. Schema gia CB tp RSet schuna de else shen pce Lo) [1 Inversor {4CBB ip }-K, dncare dere po scheme lose le CBB tip TD: RS oq |—o ‘art 2, Schema loge a CBB tip pat reat co or SAULNO, sa TO, vii ‘reine Ry 5 nt ate pe sive oe | (tile din pratee din tT {aan desde 3. CBI ip 34 et elma complet dine ote CAD sore abla su de K [on ‘nea nina stra intrest CBD pS oun ale de adele ot Capi tsiD. he Toco] | Numtttore | sam Tey | “seers 22. Aplieaiae CoB Tho. 22.1 Inversoral fir fenomen de vibra x apiatie a CBB tip RS. Inver! fa fenomen de vba ek) me rl est de 9 lina secrenfl logic lestae de 1 ote cota imprisons de TH 4_ @hp T [Oni ‘roe opr sina comutaorclr ecm. t ere oT o unica av WK a [it To D iQ D [On ° vo | thax ole Regisre K a cot Scheme lgie din Tabi 1 sai ip Schema intemal nomen de vib + CBB tip RS prezetat est asineron (oy exist invare de ceas CER), objinut 4in dows pot logic ip SENU legate se prin react ac egirea uneacts Tors Rg aun legate t5V pa restenfle Rate intrasen 8-0, ind Ice mts. Re, va fort QO. Dac eam pe R tree in 2 cum SI {Qtroe nT. Doe contact mu Se foe perfect, spar viral cre desi gf refie Stceesi evict. Str inversoall mabe sein Soares interval de inp te contact ste deschis aver R-S=I 9 sl a ie me mae. Dass produce omit rice, lai olin impulsar poe. 2.32, Numritorul lectroni, ea aplcaie a CBB tip 4K 9 ____ Namirtorl lst wre old und Ta cod bina impulse ceasull aE. I fig82 exe representa ca exemple un numator bina asincon dst ev ereeiton pa bi ria ea pts CBB tip -K & % % 94 ca | ov a sv sv Te Tae cee. &| fea oth ox" mee rod Cra @ Fig 82. Schema namie Bnar asco de 46 Senin emai arca dees a pins CB laine sai coor oe deans CL ta SNS. de uc 4 Ka a panes, om sna 5 Soe ae orto ime dees al 8 Posen See carci CD dp ss yo er See Amott tp ea, cad mind ea te rs Nig=P Oat! 0+? 0642-0 an ce 0 boty pau wr 0 sa Re ace runt do uh at) uote nomi maxim 24 input de ces, anume de a pint {kil ps oot 15) "Teel 2 aad proce! de nue a iputarlor de ces de a0 ‘neo bina orespondentl esti Tn cod cial cuscomeuonessecvammane “Tabet 82. Obinerea cadurr bar cima ale implsuilo de sas (Cd bina "Nr mpl ces i Cod bal wulseess FO [ae | Os TO, | __Cotresinat 7 oto foro a T ooo 1c z ero 2 5 Cee is 2.32. Regstrul ea aplication CBB tp D Regist areal de soca su deplasa cove, are sunt seven de ogi. Exist rege de memare(emoreaz pe cas eine) reise de deplasare (Geplasea fa fccare impals de cea conioutl result spre snga sau sre rapt cele oes), repr combine de mamorie de epee are tinier care comulaz inti taro registlranariare. Ca exempl de regis de deplsars fg. hss un regi de depasare Aingacrespia in nel” ded bi Seovenfa. de deplete 105 => D5 Qe > Dp —> Oy => 0p > ae conte rots Ta ne need (CBE tip D de a sng spe rept. o a Ge Qs 4 1 Ee 7 Eee pl 'Fig83. Schma egistla de dopaar in inl de 4b MONTAJUL STUDIAT Machete boro (8) cupeindeei ciete inteprae digs: 1+ CDI 420, cae eyprinde dous port logice de tp SLNU oy cite da itch Fecare, conecate In rec, penta objine ua CBB tp RS sincron. Dale en nie S91 Re ndue manual pin comutsoncie Ky i K, eae pun Intille fie a SV (ove oie 1) fe la asa M (nivel logic 0) ei a Ia bomele Os! 3: ‘+ Cil—85 exe un modu ca eyindedoud CBB tip 3K mastersave. Dae Insile gK ae lade pin comtatorle 9K, tar pulse de ttAPuCATIA se obj cu strat CBB up R-S fst ea iaveror ie vrais comutatoral ipl gout soop,comutatoaclek; si Kp pun pe pozifa U9 se face Tegra la mast a contactless al comuatorli Ky. tmpulsuile preive la esiea CBD tip R-S 9 lattes eli -K se ele nal rin Mancvare suczsivi comutaorul Kin poriile eee, leile sunt ‘conectate la borncle O5 51 O43 + CDB-474 eeu CBD tip D: Dates eintodue cu tor comuttorull Kg, ‘ae inpulsrle ees lize c Ia CBB tip HK. isle st Os gi [Fr Fip84. Macht de aboraor en stil CD tip RS, EK mastewaav gD 4, DESFASURAREA APLICATIEL Apart chipment necesare PP fut votre elacronice ip VORIOLM; Sta de ensue contin bikts MULTISTAB 235, 4 Se enti componente macho de labrator. {42,5 sed tote comuioarln por 20, mee prin nde sore porta soproal ays A) Verierea experimental a frond CBB ip RS _ ‘£3. Se monterd cole dou volte electronics la ieelle Q, gt Op penta sesicarea toe CAB ip RS. 44 Soaplies tenses de 15V de asus de ensue conn stabilizt, 445. Se verific Tuncionarea CBB Up RS introduc dtl in comico $1 Nose vor inode dite covespnztoare combina intra! 446. Se anaizeza fanconarea CBB tp F-S in stave ines, end reer in trea (1, ROO) Hn strea (RS) 3! wot din stares (SO, RoI) in stare (ES=T).Ce observa? 1 Verficarea experimental. bate imersrai fr vibra 447. Se pun comatoareleK; 5K In poaia 1 face unsere te bometeP gM pons tantora bibl Refit inveraoe fe vibra “48, Se ealzea ma i stan (RSL gi Q>0, OI), prin recs din stare (S°0, RI) In stare (R=S=), 49. Se aplch manuel n inpuls anaes Rend wecores RD > 1. Se ‘onsat kascolre ictal arian © Perearea experimental a frtiontrt CBB tp LK 4.10. Se monteaza cele dou voltmetreelectronce ln ieirle Oy 31 Oy pentru verifearea experimental a CBB tip -K. “GIL. Se veri Funcionarea CBB ip HK tn starea JI, K=0) de iserioe a Informa, respec in starea JO, KI) de gergere a lea, pind ial comatarle Ky 51 Ky i stile corspunztoare intro 391K pica ap Impulsl de tat cu comatnt K. 412. Se verflesfunfonuea CBB a stile (J-K-0) yi (°K), eect trcaile GJ, Ke0) tn TKO), G0, K=I) fa OPK) gi Jl, Ko) fn UP) 0-0, K=DinG-K=), ) Veriicarea experimental. munritrulBinarasincron det 4.13.8: pun ini J la apo severed Raneonarea CBB tp 3 ea ‘oll de nuntrre,eplicind implode oct sucesne Verfcarea experimental afar CBB ip D 4.14. Se monteaza eel dou voi electronics la ieiie Jy gi Oy petra ‘veins experimental a CBB ip. “415, Se vrifc abela cde adv l CBB tp D din Taboo 8,1, opicnd dle ‘in inrarn Don autor comiatosl Ke 9st ls CAD tip -K 5. ANALIZA SPICE 4) Amaia Spee afnetoniii CBB tip R-S E1."Se rulcass cu progaml PSPICE fie RSir din director! ‘leleotonlL8 at scheme! logis CBB Up R-S din abel 8.1(CBB detip RS ca port SLNU. * anularen fet seller mecanice al omtstoarelor* * modu pot S-NU SUBCKT? NAND AB Y OPTIONAL: DPWR-8G_DPWR DGND-S0,_DOND UNAND@)DPWR DGND AB Y'T-NANDIO SID. (MODEL T NAND UGATE TPLHTY=Sns TPHLTY-Srs [ENDS * desire ceili XIT43P NAND 5023.4 -NAND * spoil de comanda LUCOMANDA STIM G11) $0_DPWR $6_DGND 121 ) STM TIMESTEDS0oe ‘NIC GOTO RESET 3 TIMES sci TABEL=SET2 +e el 4 H1eGOTO SET2 3 TIMES ten TRAN OIE 2Sus ‘PROBE END 2. Cu programul PROBE se viaulisacs ponte VC), VO), VO) sh ‘Ud, cate se desert ulsb a $83. Pe formele de und desea, s obser capa CBB tp RS dew sola cect generat de ial meeanice ale comuaoreor mecaniss. 1B) Anza PSplce a nut orl binarainron det B4."Se ruled co propa! PSPICE fier mumcit din deectovul eecriL8 sagt namie bine asicton dec dei din Si 82: income ocice sscvevmsue 2 Numartor bina CBB de pK * model CBB de tip 14. 'SUACKT CBB JK SBAR ROAR CKBAR QUAR ‘OPTIONAL: DPWR-SG_DPWR DGND=S6_DGND LUJKFF(2) DPWR DOND SBARRBAR CKEIAR IK Q QHAR T_CHB10_StD {MODEL TCD UEEF ENDS * desrerea cicuitl XLSD HISD Hi set ret cous QasD NCCHD X25 HL SD_HI set rate Qa QbSD_NC CIB X3 SD HL SD_HI setae Ob Qe SD_NC CBB X4SD-MISD-Hl st race Qo Qi $D_NC CIB * dispoivul de comand UUCOMENZ STIM (111) $O_DPWR S6_DGND ccas st eee 10. STM TIMESTEP ts + oooit + 16010 + eant emt + LABEL BUCLAT + Heo tent + He GoTo Buccal 1s TIMES + aco. #Ge101 + e001 + asein LABEL BUCLAD + Meo Phen + HeGoro auc.a2 7 TIMES LIB DCSEVALLIB. “TRAN 0.248 6s PROBE END SS. Cu pograml PROBE se viaulizaass urmitoarle smal digi: st reset cts, Qs Des 2 $i ae desenca ual sb at, 6, Se eaiveard cusonl din PROBE ey seven de instant Tots, Cursor, Display. Se deplsear coral de- angle mpl un arte logic (agate in stings disgromelo) ale semualeor fo dpa Teirl npears ve neatv de cue (ea), Se comple Tuell 82 pent tote combine be {nit Se verte sf ecw vloarea ati poole seal cod ato ed heres (ea 0 a 1 nea ci). (© AnalizaPSpice ari ce deplasare tn ie de i S7.'Se ruleai co progr PSPICE fier repcir in director electron. alga repsvull de depasre fn nel de 4 ain 83, Tne Sneed toc: Regist de deplasar in nel Kini Qacea intl Qa$D.NC77¢ 2 nt Qa cos fd Qo SD_NC 14 XS Int ox ind Qe $O_NC 7474 4 int Qe ces init Qu $D_NC 7474 LIB deteval ib ‘UCOMENZI FSTIM(3) $G_DPWR $_DGND oxs int int “10, STD FILE>comenei sin SIGNAMES cow int ac inl_activ [TRAN 0 5250 “PLOT RAN fe) i) 12H EH) OS) 1A END ‘38. Cu progrumol PROBE se vinsias wntoarte senna dpe: e35, Inst, inith. Oa, Qos Cee Oy eer 8 desenesz unl sb all. 59. Se civear cursor, desasidsl pe axa tinpull per a vee cum elon itl 1 eeu spre dreapta n deci 4 deposi. Acs ue poate ‘i obervat eet pin lea coi bina Insts n smal cit de co, 6 INTREBARI $1PROBLEME 64 Dece Ch ip 1K escort cl mal complet dnre CBB? (62. Caresun spall ale CBB sate? 463, Cont schema oi muna asineon ret de 3 bit Realzal wn ‘abe explietafineionii sl sentinel 82. A. Cons otras de deplste in Inel de 3 Bil. Serie eons ‘boas prin depasrea spe spa inl evil #00 101 11011. Ce ra? Ad "CONVERTOARE DIGITAL-ANALOGICE §t ANALOG-DIGITALE. 1. OBIECTUL APLICATIEL Apia i propane fmiavzaren cu sl mai canosete tip de convertors Aigialanalopce (CDI) sh analog-digiale (CA/D). Este analiza teorete 31 pen ‘Simul PSpice un convertor CDVA de tii realize conliguatie de amplifiestor ‘Sperjonal (AO) sumstor 9 een de redtnfe ponder. Pe macheta de lboraar ‘he sts practic convertonl CAD c sinpla rp, urnirndise Infelegsren Principia defuntionars prin vali fortelor de und Tn diferte pone ‘rau 2. INTRODUCERE TEORETICA 21, Convertor dighat-anaogle de pten Dif Comertoral dg anafogte (CDV) ete un eicit cae farina tigre 0 rte analogies tune sou eae Zp dtst proportional ex nual baa 18 (ca sta gta) apc ane. As, CDA ideal deters ae tensanee ‘lj Py = AP far CDV lial de crear erent de ii fp =¥-A1, ‘nde exe rapa (eine) de tense Ia yi aint peatN=I, tar AP este treapea (onan) de core ae bint pentru N= ‘O vor snpla'de CDIA de enim ete COMA de 4 bi realizar ex config de ampliestr perfor (40) sunator 3 reea de recente ‘ponder, ul schema principal xe peta in fg. Schema practic da fig9.1 best relat cu mmartorl 74393, care gered mura iar de ip, N=byhbty unde (0.0) 16/123) "Tenimea defers acest tp de CIA est dat rea: Say tte ote Ue y on Pea eR Prosi i Hinritatn aca CDA na st te bune deouee fensionile finiete i eile numa asin igus egle on OV (pene y=), reapectv cu Up (epoxy 3.5¥ pon y= 1) ele varie dati tate “ire sie umaboruR bieuR | ou bseuR| oy ) gD, DIA deh az a cof eA sama dene 1) soma piel ) seta rach Comerioral analg-digitl(CA/D) exe wn iret ate Razer la ee uae Nina (easel at) dee poportonal cu rporu date lores Iii malice pct Ia inrare to mine de refering. “Tatformares miei anlage nine nner se fae eu juts woe ‘ements de pag, al eitor nivel de stvare i ete rigwron constant as instabiti thimp sau © un 2gom0 supspss, Misurad fori exe vet Srmalul de iarae Ia ear re produce sclera mii! mnercs Tet se ‘onstathc ocasta varia de la eonversin lt, vloile ele Find cape na at care ince nivel core Lames set hon depinde alt de ccle de rag din conertorl propre de nivel remot supraps Diferca re "lorie din carol bea i vloares reagent fete nvelut nu ete costa, ea ce dice la 0 efoare de neinarnte de comers parmetn Toate impor pent CAD. 221, Chasienre circulelor de couversie mealog-dgitae in prezent exist o mate vaste de melode de CAD, care ay permis realizes ‘uno etuiteexrem de efit ex performs, pins api unot Inkl cor vite de acini ete cuprnst tne 2m faite de mec de ‘sce evo eli cupeas ei 16 ‘Convertorle analog ep casificn dup ma mute tei + CUD airete CAD indirect CA direst curing creitele care genera numira de la ese operind ‘ect supra maint dela itr, lar CHD Inds folosese 0 tnstornme ‘reali marin de inrare eutent sa tension) ino mire ines {even itera detimp), cas apt este convert in mitine digital: Acesten ‘in uot Sut mode de converse aie, + CAD ox functonare eu cic programat $i CAD cx fnctonare ex cctn neprogramat Din prin etegorie fae pate CA/D la care coda numeric este genera dp o scene de oper, seven excess inttdcauna In acta con de ‘inp, intent de mimea sonal del inare. Categoria x davs coping CCAD la eae opeaile eae se exes ao un depend de men ‘ermal dente + WD cn reac CAD fr renee Le GUD ta rectie eer bit determin independent de ei bt Acre convertoare sunt eames danni de C4 para ai sank ‘ener i acl tinp), CA/D ev reagie govern bist mumiral de fe scovenil + CUD ex compari scree ae wnortnsani si CVD de ip integrator CCAD integrator ar posite dea cinina opts din egomotec sueapuse ‘cor pero este un mull ling de integraSe vor preznia io comimare cltevs dae trite reprezenaive ale converter cnumeste anion. 2.22. Comertoral analog de tp parse ‘peste ncn CAD present in fg. exe dterminaren smn a tror ito seprezenat gta, corespunzor ait aalgice de ire spire po U;, Miimea U, exe comport de omparsoase C),C,Cy cu nivel de relent Uae /4s 2Unae/4 $\Uper/4 (Una 68a supesionr ella err, ita intrinsic) wom BU nal Waal Usa lt . conarnton TE sens un eek Finn 93, CAD curate Compaatoucl vor da nivel ogee 1 lei dup cam maine de intare 1 va sient aiveze unl a a mle din cote, Ace logit de fer ete decodes de un decor boar, gnerindoiformatie bint edo bi “Avan tee tip de CAD et conversa simulans semnalll oeesard Ia ‘Grutle cu vita mare de vise ar be derail ols un ae are COWARTO ARE DIE —ANALOGICE St AMALon

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