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M SMMHpHYecKkum dopmyaam: Aaa 6etona co mebnes P opmyaan: R,, = —x__ Alaa Gerona c rpasnem Rog == —u__ 1 af B 1 HWupoxoe npumevenu € NoayyHin dopmyan Bo : Alan Getoua co mesuem opm mone: Rog = 0,55: Rf = —0,5 28 of B 3 . Alaa 6eroua ¢ rpapnem Rog = 0,5-R, os 05). rae 3,5; 4,0; 0,55: 0,5 — smnupuyeckne kosbdrueursr. Oxguako npoanocrs Seroua, Kpome ocHosnx tbakropos (B/iL 4 Ry), TAKME 3aBNCHT OT MHOTHX AOUOANHTCABHBIX Daktopos (MA- HepaJoruyeckoro cocrapa UeMeHTa, pacxona wemMenta Ha 1 48 ‘Ge- Towa, Bila H KOaWMecrBa go6aBOK B TemeHTe BHAa MenKoro 1 Kpymuoro samoanwtenei#, wx yReTOTEI, COOTHOMIERHA BoOACTOrTone- HMA, TeMNepatypy § BAAXHOCTH npH TRepAeHHH ¥ 7, a.) . Cutexosarearbuo, @opmynn Beasesa y Bostomea HEOOxoAUNO MPOBEPATH OMBITHBIM NYTeM Ha MecTHuXx MaTepHaaax Hu cooTeer- €TBCHHO BHOCHTb KOp peKTHpopKky B VB SMIMPHueckHe KOR HH Obinnd Bux hopwyan pbantenra. R= b(t —a), rae & w @— aunupwueckne Koappunnentys. 2. Tloapwxnocrs (1tactHunoeTh) 6eronnol cMecn, KOTopaa xa- PakTepHayerca ocankoli CTaHRapTHOTO KOHyca (OK), sapncnt ot 18 pacxoga wemenTa Ha 1 m3 Gerona (IJ), coorHomenHa Mexgy Men- KHM H Kpynubim ganoqmutetem (BeTHuaHa f) H BOMOMeMeHTHOrO ornomenna (B/LL) OK ~F (lk, E). TloapwkHOocTh GETOHHOM CMecH Takoke 3ABNCHT OT NpHpomE me- MCHTa, OT BHJa 3epeH 3anoO.1nuTeneH W XapakTepa WX NOBEPXHOCTH. Ala no.olk ragpaTauHy WeMeHta Rp GeTOHeE HeEOGXOZMMO BCero 20--25% Boab oT ero seca (rt. e. B/Il=0,2—0,3), omnaKo Wement- Hoe Tecro ¢ B/I[=0,2—0,3 ameeT Manyio NOxBHKHOCTh Hf Tipu BBe- ACHHH B HETO M@IKOTO 4 Kpynroro 3aNO.IHHTeeH OHO MOxO No- KpbIBa€T HX NOBCPXHOCTh H 3aNOMHAET MEAKZEPHOBbIE MPOMEXKYTKH. Betonyas cmecb MOyUaeTCA OUeNb wKeCTKAH H Hey Lo6oyKa- AbIBACMAA, A CACTOBATCABHO, OHA He oGecmeuHT TpebyeMom m.10T- HOCTH H HpPOyHOCTH Gerona. Alan TOBLILICHHA ROABHKWOCTH H yAOOoy K.1a 2bIBAeMOCTH 6eTou- HOH cMecH B Hee OGBIUITO BBOAAT BOY B 3HaYHTe.1bHO 6onbrem koMuectTRe, Wem WeoGXOAHMO MeMeHTY KA PHApaTalHH WH nosyye- HHA_MAKCHMaJbROH NpounoctA Serona, Bmecto B/LL=0,2—0,3 na npakruke TIpHMeHsIOT¢H CyZOCTpOK- TembHple Setoun ¢ B/LL=0,26—0,45. UipH MpHroToseHHH BEICOKONPOWREIX CYAOCTpOHTeAbEEIX GeTo- HOB, KpoMe BhIGOpa KavecTBeHHEIX MaTepHadoB, BaxkHO OOecneuHT, TO BOSMOMHGCTH, MasOe 3HAIeHHE BOLOMCMEHTHOTO OTHOMEHHA. Boxollemestwoe OTHOMICHHe MOET GEITh YMeHBLeHO TyTeM TIO- bblllé€HwA pacxoza Bementa Ha | «° GeToHa HIM yMeHbUeHHeM B 6eToNe KONHYeECTBA BOB 3aTBOPERHA. Ana BecaeqoBanHg 3aBHCHMOCTH RPOYHOCTH cyAOCTPOMTeAbHEIX GeTOHOB OT BOXOMCMCHTHOTO OTHOUICHHA H AKTHBHOCTH WeMeHTa, Tabanya 3 Sasncumocts mpounocta Gerona {x/fca?) Ha coxkaTHe OT BOACWEMEHTHOFG “OTHOUIEHHE z)- | Pacxoa Marepuana, xe} ZI 5 | Npesen tpovnocra npw oxatan Ky6on | ai | 28 { 10xJ0xt0 ew w mepecuere na KY6H . | as | 3s | € - | pasmepom 20x 2020 cm c Kosgupu- | 5 « vi ES g5 |= = uHeyTom 0,85 B BospacTe (AHH) z gq 8/87 jee! se; e| 2/5 §4;/a2/28) a], 7) | =| 0] % ; j , : ™ : | 733 | 220} 506 941} 0,3 | 7,0 | 298 | 322 | 431 520 | 637 | 694 ; 550; 220 | 570 | 1060 | 0,4 7,5 | 170 | 272} 368 { 455 | 540 | 577 440 | 220} 608 | 1132 | 0,5 | 7,0 | 123 | 209] 288 ) 378 | 442 | 493 387 | 290 | 634 | 1179 | 0,6 | 8,0 97 | 171 | 227 | 300 | 383 421 3141 290 | 652 | 12141 0,7 | 8.0 76 | 146 | 198 | 252 | 323 | 360 o 19a Takxe ATA HCCAenoBaung BUM AAA Ppacxogaa Tementa Ha Mpoy- HOCTb KH DOBHKROCTE CYHOCTPOUTEABHLIX 6eroron Obit BOITO.T- NIG HbI Ge LyronHe SKCIEPAMCHT aA bbe padotat. Has noctpoenas saancamocru Ro=/ (B/W) Sean npunat se- “IHHHHDI BOAOWEMEHTHOTO ornomenua 0,3; 0,4; 0,5; 0,6 1 0,7. TIpa non6ope cocTaRoB Gerona, pH YKa3 @HHBIx BoLOneMent- HBIX OTUOUICHHAX, NOABHKHOCTH Gerornol emecn baa UpHuata 6. ifou2 OAHHAKOBOH Aa BCex cocTaBOR oT ui 7 na 8 em m0 CTausapTHoMy KoHy- cy, 370 cooTBeTeTayer cpesieli nog 1 RIDKHOCTH. cy OCTpOHTelBHUTO Ge. Towa UPd W3roToRAeHMH céOpHEX 600 STEMCHTOR =H OMGHOATNBAHKH 2 CTLKOB KOPHYCOB xKemTes06eTOH- 509 Fa Nox cygon, > Cpeqene pesyanratin ncmLITa- 400] 4, Holt Serona npa’ B/W, = 0,3; 0,4; i Yo 0,5; 0,6 4 0,7 B nlepecyere Ha cTaH- 308 > e AapTHLle Ky6r pasMepom 20x 20x Bs 20 cH c KoappHuHeHtom 0,85 200— 5 MpABeAeHL! Bo Ta6a. 3. ms “ep To pesyapratam HCHBITAHHH 6e- Tora mp B/I = 0,3; 0,4: 0,5; 0,6 F u 0,7 B Bospacre 3, 7, 14, 28, 60 4 ao 0 85 88 a7 90 xRet noctpoen rpadux (puc, 4) é SaBHCHMOCTH npeleta OpOuHnocru 6er Pue. 4. Tpacbax sasneamocnie mmpe- R) cron mata ov B/LL Hera upodntocrn Geraua npn cKaTHH a OcHOBanHH TIPHBERCHHDIX pe- B sospacre 3, 7, 14, 28, 60 9 3¥AbTATOR ncnpirann BHIHO, aTO 90 yHei or BOJOUEMeNTHOTO OTHO- TPexel mpounocry CYAOCTpouTens- WeHHs RUIX GeroroB pH cKaTHH B BO3- pacre 28 nnek npw ucnonpsosannH B Kavectrre KpynHoro SanodHHTeas TpaHHTHOTO WeGHH Lerecoo6g- Paso NOACWHTEIBAaTS m0 caeayroulel dopmyne: 310 hy HeMMITAHHH AKTHBHOCTH WeMeHTa no MeTonuke [OCT {Ui , : 2 =0,4-R, (e708), oTKYAa $a OARy \B Uo Rog = O24. sto HCMbITaHHH AKTHBHOCTH emMeHTa no MeToguKe TOCT Reg = 047-2, ( ~0.6). orkyga B= OMT Ry B To Reg — 0,28- Ry” rae 0,4; 0,47; 0,6; 0,24; 0,28 — omnupuyeckue KOSP@uMCHTEH, OnueBpemenno Ouran NPOBERCHE ONBITHEIe. pa6orn oo Hccaen0- BaHHiO NpownocTH wWemMeHTHoro KaMHA, W@MCHTHO-necuanoro pac- 20 TBOpa H Gerona. Oubirane paGoTH npoBoAKch Ha OOpasitax pas- mepom 10X 10X10 c# npu ux TRepZeHEY B HOPMAqbHBIX ycOBHAR. Bospact ucnsttanua o6pasnon 3; 7 u 28 anew. Llementuuifi Ka- Melb, PacTBOp H Gero MpHroTananwasnch upx B/Ll=0,3; 0,45. 0,5: 0,6 1 0,7. . Miz cpeanux pesysraros ucnbitanni (Tada, 4) BuHO, U0 Tmpa Bceex sHavennax B/IE B sospacte 3; 7 H 28 anei Apounocrh wemest- Horo KaMHA BEILTE TPO OCTH pacTBopa H 6eToua, a NpOuHOCTh Ppac- TROPA BbUWE MpowNOcTH GeTOHa TOTDKO B BO3pacte 3 nu 7 THe, B sospacte ie 28 aneit TpouHocTb GeTola pH BceX sHayeNnax BA 6onbme npowocru pacrsopa. Tlpounocrs Setona 3 BospactTe 28 auel, mpuzeqennaa K CrauaapTHpim KyOaM pasmepom 20x 20x X20 cu c Kosh punnentom 0,85, 1pumepHo panna NpoywoctH pac- TROPA. Tpauxy sapucnmoctw npousocta (R) wemMenTHoro KaMta, me- MCHTHO-CCyaHore pacrropa Hu Gerona or B/I] up akraeHocra Tabauya 4 Mpeaca npowwoctn npw cRATHH HeMeHTHOTO KAMHA, WeMeHTHO-neCyaHOro pactsopa 4 GeTona (xPfew®) & 3aBHCHMOCTH oT BeaHdHHD BOnOVeMeHTHOTO oTHourenaa | Tlogsusx-| Upesea mpowrocry mpn cacatan i oB HOCTE xy6oa 10% 10x10 cx Cocras DL 6eTona, B Bospacte (2nn) ! cm ee : 3 | 7 28 Tlesentubiiit KaMeyb ~ j 453 | 634 709 ; Pactgop 1: 0,69 } 0,8 = 366 420 581 * Berow 1: 0,69: 1,28 7,0 | 263 (298) | 379 (322) | 611 (520) | Lemeurupti xameub — | 346 499 571 ' Pacrgop 1: 1,03 0,4 — 283 B28} 434 Berow 1: 1,08: 1,92 ; | 7,5 200 (170) | 322 (272) | 538 (455) LementHesit xavens — 274 872} 480 | Paernop 1: 1,38 0,5 —_— 215 269 35] Beron 1: 1,88: 2.57 L 7,0 145 (123) | 246 (209) | 447 (378) i Llemerrusii xanens | — 201 270 372 Pacrsop 1: 1,72 : 0,6 al 151 195 280 Berow 1: 1,72: 3,21 8,0 | 11497) | 201 (171) | 367 (312) j Tlemestuut xamens _ 176 244 3d | Pacrgop 1 : 2,07 : 0,7 — 129 177 253 | Beron 1: 1,07 3,86 8,0 89 (76) | 169 (146) | 197 (352) - | on(PMMegauie, B enoSxax ywasata npownecrs Geroua w nepecuete wa KyGu 20X20%20 cx ¢ Kosborirextom O85, 21Mementa 562 «I/em? no TOCT 31 310—60 noxazauer Ha pac. 5. PesyaprTarl ApHReneHHa X HCURITaHAA MOKasbiBalOT, MaTepuazion — i ‘i pacroge a ‘Pp OB UCMeHTHBIA KaMenp, UCMeHTHO-necdaHblit pacrsos H wT Mpowocry ph cwKaTan HMCeT [c- “TekyeT pacrRop 4 3arem Geto, Creqo- 6eron — nan6oanmnit npege, MEHTHBI Kameub, 32a HHM C. RaTeIbHO, OcHOBOH NpOUHOc TH O€TOHA ABsAeTC Horo Kamua, Koropan ymca foe een we a) 6, sf/em? 806 r—) &) 2 ae 4) 6, wivew? m0 TI 8%-———-_—_, 660 50] ae | ree! #00) s a0 400 & > oe . 8 Pp B32 ae B38 | wo B nN ce B, Llement 465 = 510} 7,0 564 | 10,0 G10 | 13,0 1,5 56h | 2,4 Bl _ 501 — Ileden, | 1132 | 2,42 | 1070 - 101! 2,38 | 955 1,37 | 0,40 | Mecox 594 Ilement ! 4i4/} 2,0 | 454 | 8,0 500 | 18,0 546 | 20,0 0,45 | Tlecok {| 608] 2,41 j 2,39 | 550) — 521 — IeGenp | 1162 — | 1208 — 1050 2,387 | 994 2,36 Iemenr | 372] 2.0 409 | 8,0 450 | 19,0 486 | 22,0 0,50 | Tecox 62) _ a94 | 2,39 564 _ 535 = IeSewp | 1184 | 2,40 | 1132 — | 4074] 2,37 | 1025 | 2,36 Bononotped- 186 204 _ 225 — 243 _ HOCT GeToHa, J} aime 23Koaunnent Pacxoya éMenta (Ry), paByaii WacTHOMY oT ge- sI€HHA PacxoRa WeMcHTa B xWIOrpamMax Ha t #2 Gerona na mpou- HocTb GeTOHA R Bo3pacTe 28 nHeli “WIA BCEX PacxOAOB WeMenTa mpu- MepHo Papen J. Tlponopuvon anni PocT GpowoerH Ceroua B aaBHcUMoeTH oT YBReAAYeHHA Pacxoya wemeuta OObBACHRETCH VMECHBUICHHCM BGOO- HeEMeHTHOLO OTHOILeHHA 6cTona DpH Ppaprol NOABHRNOCTH Heron- ToH cMecH (or 7 n0 8 cat), 3 pesytbTarop HCHBITaHMi (Ta6., 6) BuaHo, uTo ¢ ypeanue- HHeM pacxoga Wementa na | 43 Gerona HPH HOCTOMHHOM sHaveHHH BOZOLEMERTHOFO OTHOWEHHA C 0,35 no 0,5 TOLBWKHOCTR GHeTOHHOT cMecH HOBBILMAETCA, a o6beMHBHT Bec ¥Meiblaetcr, Ys nannnix ta6a. 6 TaKKe BHXHO, 470 MNpH 6ompwax pacxeaax ueMcita pM HOCTOAHHOM 3HayeHHH BOJOTOTPeGuHocTH Gerona mOd- BHKHOCTH 6eroauon eMecH YBCITHUNBAeTCA ¢ YBC.1NYCHHeEM BOO- H€MeHTHOTO OTHOIUeHHa. Pesynsratet BBITIO.THENH EEX. SKC CPM CHT Aa LHBIX pa6or M103B0- WH YTOWHTD aMnEpHyecKHe opmyaer pacuera Upoywnocty cygo- CTPOHTeNbALIX GeTOHOB. 3. Bnuvanue tonxoctn NOMOna ueMeHTa Ha POCT Mpounoctn cy4ocTpowTenbHEIx 6eTonos Bu6ponomea = ementa NOBLMUAaeT AXTHBIOCTE y coKpainuer CPOKH TREPICHHA, ITO NOSBOAHET NOBbICHTH Mapounyio npounocrs Setouwa na 25—50%, nan COKpaTHTD B TBA pasa TIPOJOAKUTC.Ib- HOCTh MSOTEpMMMcCKOTO Iporpesa Getona, HOW yMenbmATE pacxag uementa Ha 10—20% pa 1 48 6etoua, Cymmocrs nopumennsa akTHBHOCTH BHGPOAOMOTOTHX LeMCHTOB, flo Janne I], A. Pe6unaepa, M. JI. Mopry.auca, 3, Lr. PHapaen- Gepra, sakmouaerca B CICAYIOINEM: LEMEETEI 3aROACKOrO ToMOnA MMEIOT OObIYHO YACTbYIO NOBepxHocTy (ma npu6opy ITCX-2) 2300—2700 cae comepwat 40—45% yactan PasMepom 6oaee 40 we. Yacrnu npu SaTBOpeHHN ROXOM THApaTHpyioTes TOABKO Ha ray6mny 10-15 aK, a ocTaabHam Macca oOcTaeTcH B 6cToOHe Kak SanozHHTemb. Tomo raapatamu p Teyeune 10 aeT MOABeprarca NaCTHUBl WeMeHTa KpymHoernio 10 20 4K. Sepa weMenta paame- pom 0,1 4.4 He Boumor na MPOunoOcTL WeMenta, Bhd Bumoanenst OnBITHBIE pasers nO HecregzoBanHIO OCHOBHEIx JT4HACKHH lemeut MapKH 500 Ce6psKoscKoro 3aBOfa, wWebeHb KpyYHHOCTHIO oT 3 xo 20 swat BuSpogomet uementa ocyMecTBAaaca CyXHM cnoco6om B BH6poMerbHuye o6bemom 50 22, 24 I]pa amnatyze Koreéannl 2,25 44 Heo6xoaumo carenyroniee spent BUuOpOOMOa TeMesITA MIA MOAy4eHHA oNpCAeAcHHot KOCTH Tomoma: , Vaennaan nosepxrocts, es@f2 2... 4000 5000 sor 700 Bpewr, MHH. . ee bee ; Berou, upkrorosennplt 4a BUOPOAOMOTOTOM WeMeHTE, b ee c6yer Te10Bol odpa6orTKu, - novte Gerona B 2.cyTouN c OpMAJIbHBIX YCIOBHAX “cy ospacte mph HOpMay CTh GeToHa B 2-cyTOUTIOM B Ho IX YOHOBHAR TaepaeHin papna 200—300 xf/ew®, a R Bogpacre 3 cyToK — 350 KE [on _. ; 1 enerare uenmbiraHHh GeTonuyx oO6pasyos na one B BOS . ii B Ta6a. 7. z 14, 28 4 180 gHei Npunezernt pacte 1, 2, 3, 7, 14, rebsoya 7 GeTonos 2 ©MATHH CYLOCTPOKTEIBHEX ounoctH (KE jem?) mpw "pene ap BHEPOAOMOAOTHX WeMeHTaX 350 | 4000 |0,36 | 0,5) 206] 331) 428] 651 | 754; 822 | 870 | |e) | Hen WPOYHOCTA Tp CKAaTHH = i= go) a eee at even 10x 1010 ea = i Ee ge g Ss : B BOSpacte (HH) 28 ; Corn |2S/FS/E,) gS i ee | Gerona [3S leg) 2) 2 | Hi je |e") ee giilelsa|7lis 28 | 180) $3 & BA|Sé] m | a3 ge |seo;sz| s | 2° Bw fe |a 6] oO | 7 / - ~~ | 500 [2300'0,3761 6 — | 148/258] 344| 500! B52 8 400 500 |40000,378. 5, — | 245] 372 361 774 | 800 j ei.27:2,47 | 00 | Soa 0,376, 2 | — |312) 409 783 | 600 | ~~ | 500 | 6000 fo376' 3 }= 300| 433] 625. 733 | 60 | 500 | 7e00]0,376, 3 | — |390/ 473) | 330 |4000 0,376: 7 | 260] 901 | 338/619} 694, 740 | 784 | 600 38 : 12" | 140 | 210 | 316 | 493] 605] 612 | 7 1208285) S30 [S000 004 | lol {S41 | 403 | 238 839] 658 | 750 | 5e0 #80 [e000 los to - 146/346 | 428] 537/613) 650 | 75 | 6 =0,376, nog- aHHble Ta6d. 7 moKagslBaioT, uto Seton c B/Lj=0,376, vnanecne 3—6 ca Ha WeMeHTax ¢ TONKOCTBIO see BOR ion. ur 6000 es?/e HMeeT B Bospacte 28 ANCH MpoUnocTh heme Oe cae T. e. 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BCTOIb ¢ 3a- NOANATeeEM H3 rpaBAa MOrYT IIPHMeHATSCH B #Ke1e30GETOHHOM CYACCTPOCHAH ZX MSTOTOBMCHHA BUYTPeHIHx KoxctpyKuuA Kop- nyCa MOPCKHX CyOB, & TaKKe IA H3roTOBACHHS KOpNycoR peu- HBIX CyJOB. UleGen» c wepoxosaroi nopepxuoctE1, yrlopaTow un rpancuort fhopmok scpen coagaeT Goaee nsoTHyIo CTpyKTyPy 3anomutTetea B Seroue, ueM Kpyrible sepya TpaBunw, a Take WMCCT xoponice CICIWICHHe € WCMCHTHEIM KaMHem, UleGenp M3 MpOUHblIX H3BepRKeH- HbIX NOPOR AOMKEH CTaTb OCHOBHBIM. MaTepHa.lomM J.18 HPHrOToORte- HHA CYAOCTPOHTE.IbEBIX Getouor. 6. Bnnanne ycnosui cospesanna cyAoctTpovtenbHoro GeToHa Ha ero MPOYHOCTHBIe xapakTepHCTHKH Tlponenexneimn HeCWeRCBaAHHAMH Oboe Y¥CTAHOBJEHO, ITO (pou. HOCTh CYAGCTPORTEMbHEIX O€TOHOS Mp XPAHCHH UX B MopMaan- HBIX YCUOBHAX HHTeCHCHBHO YOCCTHYMBACTCA 10 JOCTHKeHI I Mapod- HOH Mpowrocry (28 nuel). B pospacre 180 ated npouocth cy ao- CTPOHTéAbEBLX GETOHOR NOBbIMAeTCA UpHMepHO Ha 30%, a p BOs- pacte 360 gHef#--na 55%. Alas ORPeqeenuA BANANA ycaoBHi cospeBaHHA 6eTOHOB lia HX MpOUnGCTHbIe XapaKTEPHCTHKI! Neciego- BaTHCL COCTABbLl CYAOCTpouTesBHOro SeToHa mapKu 400, Tlocae mpyx auell xpanenua B CTaabHX opmax oGpasuat spr- AEPRUBANHC B CCAVIOUNAX YCAMOBHAX: Ha OTKPBITOM BO3myXe mpit cpennei Temnepatype 30°C; 8 HOpMaJDHbIX YCAOBHAX & neMelte- Huu TPH Temmepatype 26°C u oTHocuTerbHOn BaaKHocTa 90%: B NpecHolt Boxe pH Temnepatype Bogpt 20°C. B sospacte GeTona 28 xnefi pce KONTpobHBIe OGpasubi-KyOET ObMM HCIbITaNbE na caarue. Tipu xpanenun oSpaaios-KyGon Ha oT- KPLITOM EBO3¥xe HX NPOSHOCTh a emKaTHC cocTaBTAeT TOJIBKO 63—67% or npowocrn oGpasnos, xpannamxca » HOP Ma. IBHELX YCMOBHAX, A NPOWHOCTh KONTPOMBILIX Obpasuon-Ky6oB, xpannn- UIMXCA B Boe, Ha G6—8% Gornme no cpapHenmio c o6pa3uamMu Hop- 86 mMaIbHoro xpanewua (Ta6a, 16). Tannpie ta61. 16 OTHOCATCA K CTan- AapTHRIM KyGam pasmepom 20X20X20 cw c KostbpunHenToM 0,85. Ta6auua 16 Mpoaocts Gerona Ha cxkaTHe B BOspacTe 29 we 8 aaBHCHMOCTH oT YcIOBHA XpaHeHHs | i TIpounocts Gerowa Ha cata- | &S ! 8 | . | “Tye B Boapacre 28 Heit E r nell ge Zz B B SABHCHMOCTH OT YCONOBHR | @B 9 Be 8 Xpawenns Coerar GeTona = 3 = z | r i i a s > Hop- go 82 | 2 M20F | masano * w none 2 | fsx) a5 | 8 | BAaIKROE | | 0.98 | 3 aes | 4t7 | 446 1: 1,97: 9,16 5 | 0 | 55 io 8 505 | 038 | 6 | 287 458 | 478 1: 1,15: 2,05 525 | | ef too ie ! | 580 ae | 10 mae | aa am | 1 1,0551,95 5 ; 67. 100 108 Tpamevanne, B anamevatene yeasana mpowwocrh » NPONeHTAN OT HOPMAThHO | paamnnx youoRws xpanenna, | meson _ Pesy.IbTaTbl pabot MOKSSHIBAIOT, ITO IMA MOTyNeHAs IIpOeKTHOM NpodtoctH: GeToKa CGOPAbIX H MOHOMHTHBIX UacTell Koplyca *xexe- 3O6CTOHHOrO CY Ha XPAHEHHe HX LOTKHO NPOH3SBOAHTECA BG BAK- JIBIX VCNOBHAX. Xpanennc GetoHa Ma OTKPLITOM Boanyxe B paHHem ero BOs- pacte cnoco6crByeT HchapenHio Baaru c GeToHa, HeOGxOgHMOK AH THIpaTauHd UeMenTa, oGpasopaHH Go.blero KoauvectRa Kania- JAPOB WH TPeWIHH B GeTOHC, 4TO NPUBOAMT K peskKOMy CITWIKeHHIO npousoctu ScToHa, ero ROLONCMpOHHMAeMOcTA H MOposeCTOAKOCTH. Ana noayuenus cyfocrpoure.waoro Gerona c TpeGyemoH 1po4u- HOCTBIO, BOAONENPOHHUACMOCThIO KB MEpOs0CTONKOCTEIO HeoOxoJMMo 8 Mepnate 28 quel TREPTeHHA cosqaBaTh GeTORy HOPMAJLHBIe yero- BHA JA co3peBaHHa. PesvabTaTh HCCIeEAOBANAA pOCTa MPOYUGCTH CYTOCTPOHTeAbADIX GeTouos BO BpeMCHH, ECTCCTBEHHOrO TRE PACHHA H HOABEPIAyTLIX HponapHBaHiio, H2,7o%KeNE B raane IIT.Tnasa ll VCCHEAOBAHME OCHOBHbIX MDU3HKO- MEXAHMYECKHX CBOMCTB CYAOCTPOMTENbHBIX BETOHOB B nacromuei raase npwBeqenn Pe3yILTaTbl 3KCNEPHMEHTAJb- HBX Pabor no HccreqOBaHAO OCHOBREIX (PH3HKO-MexauWdeckHx CBOHCTB HOBBIX BAJOB CYAGCTPOHTEIBHEIX GeTOHOB (BEICOKOTpoOY- Hble = GeTonbt Mapox 400—600, HebreHenponutaemnit 6eron MapKH 400, Merkosepuncrat Getou mapKn 400, KepaM3HToGeTou MapoK 300—400, GeToH Ha KOMOuMHpOBAaHHOM 3anoannrece MapKH 400, necuanple GeToHEI -mapok 300, 400 H 500), nosponMsume onpe- HeATh OOTacTh HX HPHMeCHEHHA B 3KETe3O6eTOHHOM cyAocTpoeuHH. Paccmozpeni PESYTDTATH AIMTEDHBIX HCCHeAOBAIINH cae Ay1O- THX CROHCTB YKASAHAbIX BHNOB CYOCTPOHTeNBHDIX O€TOHOB: TIpoU- HOCTH MPH CKaTHH, PacTAKeNHH A PacTAKeHHH ApH usrnGe TIpH- SMEHHOH UPC4HOCTH, MORYAA yapyroctu, HenpOHMaemocrn Aa BOADL M AWSEPHOLO TOMIMBA, yCanku, waGyxaHHA, Nosyuecru, no- TepM HanpwKeHH B apMaTYpe oT ycaqKH H NOmsyyeCTH Berona ¥% OObemIoro Beca. Pesyabtath uccnexozauuit CY LOCTPOUTE.TDERIX eTOHOR Ha moposocroiika fi CTL M KOPPOSHOHHYO cTOliKocTR - +KeHbI B rape IV. , me 1. Npewtocts cygoctpoutensupix GeroHos Tp OKATHK Tipounocth cyqoctponzeannoro 6eToHa NpH CmaTHI HCCMETOB a~ wach & Bo3pacre Gerona 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 90, 180, 365 anef, 3 roza, Hccaeqopanua mpoBonutich Na GeTonHbtx o6pasax-Ky6ax paa- Mepom 101010 cH, TRepaelOlux B HOPM@bHEIX YCAOBHAX 1 TOABEPrHYTELX NPOMAPHBAHHIO NO ONTHMasBHOMY pexuMY, obecteE- WuBalolleMy nomyyenne 70% npowocra Geroua cpasy nocae Tipona- PHBAHHA, a TakKxKe BEICOKOH MoposocToiKOCTH H Hempouuuaemocra Cyaocrpouresxbubie GeToHbI, NPHTOTOBIenHDIe Ha wementar © YACIBHON NOBCPxXHOcTHIO 2300—2500 cw?/z, nponapuBaanen Tro cnenyloulemMy peKHMY —4+4+48+4 (4 Waca —- MpeqBapHTepnaa 38 BbINepMKa Mepel mponapHRanwem upu Temmepatype 10—20°C; 4 yaca — nogpem Temmepatypsi no 80°C na 12—18° B uae; 8 Yac. M30TepMHyuecKHA Mporper mpu TemMuepatype 80°C; 4 aca - - CHHAKe- He TeMnepaTyp#). CYAOcTpOHTeibHble GeTOHDI, IPHTOTOBJeANbIe Ha WemeHTaX © yaetbHol nopepxHoctpla 3500—4500 ca?/e, mponapupanncy mo peikHMy, 5 KOTOpOM BP€Ma HSOTCPMHUYeCKOrO MporpeBa coKpalla- sloch na 50% —4+4+4+4+4. Bce o6pa3ubl 20 MOMelTa UX HCIbITAaHUA XPaHMTHCh B Tome- WeHHH C HOPMaJbUbIMH YCOBHAMH. Bpemsa mpenzpaputerbuo BbIepKKH Oefolla Mepe_ nponapy- BaHHeM 3aBHCHT OT MHHep aslOlH4eckOro cocTaBa WeMeHTa, €fO pac- XOQa, TOHKOCTH MOMOMA, CPpOKOB CXBaTbIBaAHHA, BEKYHAb! BOROLUC- MCHTHGrO OTHOIUGHHA H OT BUA MPHMeHHeMbIX 06aB0K. Cyao- cTponterbHbe GSeTOHH NOABHKHOCTHIO 2—15 cm, NpUroToBeHnBe Ha cy h@aTOcTOHKOM TOPTany-eMenTe ¢ PAaCXOAOM teMenta 500—700 xe/a? c B/L|=0,36—0,42 6e3 noOabox, HMCIOT ONTHMATb- HOG BPeMA BLILEP KKH Nepe npotapHBanuem 4YeTbIpe Aaca, VKa- 3aHHbe OeToHH c ZoGasKoli CCB (0,t—0,15%) umeior ontumap- Hoe BpeMA TIPeTRapHTCALHOH BEIZePARKA YeTHIPe-MATE 4acoB. Bolaepaka GeToHa nepex MpomapuBanveM cioco6crsyeT no.y- Ue@HHIO MaKCHMaJIDHOFO KOHYECTBa HOROOSpas0BaHHit 3a CueT Npa- TleccOB YTHApaTallHH WeMeHTa, 3aBepIReHHIO CeMHMCHTALHOHHDIX Tpoleccos fh OeTOHE H BbITECHERHIO 4acTH BOB.1e“eHHOTO RO3DyXa, YTO TIPHBOAHT K CO3LaHHIO NpOyNof KoaryALWOMMOH crpyKType 6eTOHa Nepey mponapusannem. CyzocTpouTerpuble Geroubl, nponapenuble Mo YKA3aTHIbIM Pe- *UMAM, OGecHeyHBaloT SeTORY BLICOKHE MPOUHOCTIBbIe NOKAsaTedH, BHICOKYIO MOposocrolikecTs HM HeMpouHiaemocts, pasyylo c¥AO- CTPOUTEIBHLIM GeTOHAM, TBEPACIOWIEM B HOPMAVIBIIBIX YCAOBHAX (cm. raapy IV). B GeTone, mpomapeliom 6e3 MpeaRapuTeabuoh BEICPAKKM, NOABACTCA Mado WOBOObpPasoBallMh H CcOswaeTCAH caa- Gas CTpyKTypa. B takux cTpyKTypax Bona, HC BCTYNUBI ant B peak- AW, a@ TakKe ROBAeUeH RELA BOSHYX, YB@IHUHBAAHCh NpH HarpeBa- HHK B o6beme, TIPHBODSIT K BCMYYHBAHHIO H PHXJOCTH, KOTOpan Sakpelinerca B npollecce npomapHBanna. Takue GeTOHL! HMeloT Sosee HM3KHe MIpOdHOCTALIe MOKa3aTe/d, a HX MOPOSOCTOMKOCTb B He€CKONbKO pas HWKE MO CPpaBHEeHlO C 6eroHamu, npotapCHHbIMH NO ONTHM@ILHOMY PeRKHMy HH TREPJCOWIAMH B HOpM 4/1bDHBIX YcOBHAX., ONTHMAILHOC BPeMA H3OTePMAYeCKOrTO Mporpeba Take YcTAHaBMHBaeTCs ONbITHBIM TYTEM. Ys cpeaunx pesyabTatos uenpitanuit {TaGa. 17) BHAHO, 4TO Seton ecTecTBeHIIOTO TBEPAeHHA W Mpomapenuntit AOCTHrAeT Mapoy- Ho MpoyHocTH B Bospacte 28 yHel. B sospacte oguoro roga WpHpoct MpousocTH cyOcTpPoNTete- nore Getona MapKu 400 cocrapaa 50—60%, a B BOspacTe IATb net —60—70% of npounocTn SeToHa B Bospacte 28 qucii. 39TaGauya 17 2) mpw cacaTHH cynoctTponteabhore Gerona Pesyuptatm vciaranuit Npownocra (cF/ca Tpupocr npownocra cysocrpouTerbnix GeroHoB ecTecTBeHHOro- gen gz awedeoaa | S S 28 8s gs &3 TBePAeHAA U NpotapeHHelx B BOspacTe MO NATH eT npakTHyecKH | PHoteg exdeyy : OnMNA KOBE, P xu 400 OS ' - BHOTO GeTOHA MapKH 5 ws tf oh = Tpadux pocra npeyHocty cyocTpouTen a ee Ss Ean) Be rd it} BO BpeMeHH Noka3ail Ha pue. 9. 8 § a “ TlpouvocTh npk CKaTHH cyMocTponTenbHOro Getowa MapKu 400 ~ 2 & = 2 2 ‘ PE as 3 3 fe Ba 3 8 = 8 ¢ Z0OaRKOH pacTBopHMoro ctTekza 3,5 u 0,1% CCB or neca ne- | a= > McHTa (HeTreHenpoHHilaeMoro GeToHa) HCCTeqoBaTach B BOspacTe a 2 go b& ao Qxo - Pee] OS gE 23 SB a3 | GeToHa MO Tpex mer. ge ~ - 6, nl Jem? | os 3 eo bo on aa aw A =& = 8& & & 6S ae Sek ae jf 5 | ra , 400] ge| 2 {ae lea ls2 (ee las BS ae 3s BS as as 760 Bo) ag [gee ies lg2 /s5 (se we aes nN ig g iB ip is Bw 6 we les - 500] g ~ eo =e 20 = a 2 22 7 Be oe & a & to] 405| 83 r . Jos 3 xo 9 ae - 2 ge ee, = |38 8e |S 128 [ae va 58 ; . - an ao. oN wm wo + 1 768) ee) 7 [82 |8#8 |§2 | SB 1B} . a — ~ —_ assy # 28 6 188 Ge teat Teoda ‘Seem ae as = 9 om "38 “8 a “38 Is Puc, 9. [pacbak Hapactanaa mpowHocTH npu ©kaTHA cyANCTPOHTedL ~| yoro Getona Mapku 400 Bo spemenit § g g g 8 a | Betou cctectRenuera TeepaeHin 1 & 3 £ = g 2 oS Sn = Geren ApoNapernntit 5 a f a a & a Be a a a ‘3 j ° 2s ee oe 2 eg o oS o eo Qo 90 = = 2 é z & = 2 : & = H3 cpedumx pesyabratos Hembitanui (ra6a, 18) BHIHO, ATO. i x a a B 2 a i GeToH ecTeCTBeHHOrO TBEPjeNHA H UpoMapeHHb MocTuraeT Ma- = g#e| gee] gee] B Re [ 8 ge pounoi mpognocTa B Bospacre 28 u 90 aAHeli. oGasKw pactaopn- & 5 gs) 6 $2) 5 2* 5 2 5 $2 Moro cTekita u CCB s3amegaaiot poct npounoeru GetoHa na : © 7 $ ; ae — | = “ ae 10—20% Kak B palHeM BogpactTe, TaK H B BOSpactTe 10 Tpex eT WO “BHOLIO ~ © : o ag “ HO CpaBNeHHio ¢ GeTOHAMH Ges LOOaBKH. | OOH MEYOT ” 7 ; 7 TIpounocth Mp CKATHH CYAOCTPOHTeIDHbIx GeTonOR mMapoK 500 r 4 ” — # 600, momydeHHLIx Ha OcHOBe BHOpOLOMOTOTHIX WemenTos, Hec7e- j - oyone B 3 2 6 HOBasiacb B Bospacte Gerona |, 2, 3, 7, 14, 28 u 180 oHei. | nohamvox one 5 te "9 o ‘8 Hs cpeqHux pesyaAbTaToR HCnbiTaHHit (cM. Taba. 7) BHAHO, ITO oe i “=| i BAGPOAOMGA WeMelita AO yAebOH NoBepxHocta 4000, 5000, 6000, i 38 j gf 7000 ca2/e HosnGdNe? TOBLICHTD aKTABHOCTD RemCHta Ha 25—50 Yo, ge 8 £ x Se ! & zg Bx jo =H UTO AacT BOSMOMHOCTH NOMAHee HCNOb3OBaATh BHRYL Ne CBOHCTBA Bes a S \ a = ae z o , aS WeMEHTOB H NONYSUTB B Bospacte 28 Anell BEICOKONpOURDIe GeToHEt Z . io = =o a 9 aye Roa 8 jek [Qs . mapox 500, 600 u 700. . 3 HeKo- Bae selo | Seloo | Solo | Sola , Salo Beron, mpHrorosaeunelt Ha BHOpOROMO.IOTOM WeMeHTe, 3 ae a ada! a! xn TOpbIX cayuanx He Tpe6ycT TensoB0H ob6paGoTKH, Tak Kak Mpou- ~ NocTh GeTOHA, TREP/elolkero B HOPMAADHLIX YCUOBHAX, B 2-cyTOY- 4hTaéauya 18 i Pesyabtate Hetltandsa npownoctn (x! feu®) wa cxaTHe cytoctpouTeabHoro SeTORAa Mapau 400 c¢ no6asko: PpacTBOpHMOrO CTeKla A Cyab@uTHO-crMpTOBOA Sapa (HepTenenponumaemoro Gerowa) HOM RO3pacTe papna 200—300 KF /cs?, a » BOspacTe Tpex cyTOK -— 350—400 KD jea’. Tpa@ux pocta mpouHocty BO BPEMCHN CYAocTpoHTeIbHOro Ge- roHa Mapox 500, 600, 700 ya BHOpogoMoaOTOM NeMeHTe TOKagaH Ha prc. 10. Tlpoyvocth Mp cK aTHH CYHOCTPOHTebHOrG KepamMauTOSeroua mapox 300 u 400 uccnexonanacb B Bospacte 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 66 wv 180 aHek. Henuitannio ROABepraauch COCTABL! Cy ACCTPOHTeAbHEIX 6, atfem? wy 06} g eg J aioedeoa a! eHoLag evade 40 400 40 G0 At 400 4 | og9 729 | 742 3 a 7368 771 718 | 758 721 580 | 691 621 475 | 503 : 640 | 711 519} G16 | 703 | 711 495 | 567 | 700 | 712 521 808 i t 780 466 | 477 415 ! — | 505 408) 377 | 482 | 515 | 600 | 732 | 745 —- | 495 | 552 | 653 | 723 349 | 484 | 521 272 | 435 X10 ca 8 Bospacre (aRH HM rods) 7 331 Tipeaea mpowxocrH npH caaTuu OSpasuos-Ky6on pasMepom 10 10% be I 2s ws we vs | | | 406 308] 200 700 OsF 4 8 1808H Puce. (0. Tpadus napacranaa apounocrn BO BpemCHH Epa oxatTwH CyAOCTpOUTeAb- Horo GetoKa mapoK 500, 600 u 700 na RKGpoMOMOsOTOM WeMeHTe {—Getow ma nemeHTe c ygeaLNOR nopepxHocTEw S280 cHefe, 2 GeToH na neMeHte © yaenbHoH moBepxiocreio S=4000 cat/e; 9 —-deton Cc yaeanuoi mozepxnectiio S— =5000 cate; 4 — GeTOK ¢ yreazLHOH noRepxHoctEIO S600 cxfe: 5 — GeTOR ¢ yewnuoh mo. BepxHocTEe S=7000 cle Trepienne SetoHa Nocne npomapusarna Tlocne opomapapanua EctecraeHHoc | Hoce npomapupanan - Tloce nponapHpanus i Ecrectpenmoe ! Ectecrseaxoe i Eetectrennoe Ws ‘BHOL3D | FLO MKARTOLY | 3 6 10 16 CCB a, 0,1 0,1! Ot GeTOHOR ¢ Pacxoyom uemeHTa 550—575 xKe/43, ¢ nowoueMeHTHEM oTHouleHHem 0,37—0,42, TOZBUAKHOCTLIO 2-—-4 em 0 cTaHZapTHOMy Konycy. Hcere,0banta MPOBOAMAHCh Ha OCTOHHEIX COpasmax-Ky6ax pasmepom 101010 cm, TBepaerOwlux B HOpaaabHEIX yC.1oBHAX HM TOABepruyThX mponapuBanHio no pexumy 44+4+8+4 (us0rep- MHYecKHH Mporpep — gOceMb YacOB NpH Temnepatype 80°C), Ms cpequwx pesyibTaTos HenblTaHHlt obpaagios (Taba. 19) BHAHO, YTo Kepam3uHToGeTon coctana 1:1,18:0,91 ¢ B/U=0,4 e€CTECTBEHHOTO TBRePeHHA A Tpomapenybia TIipH HCUGNb30Ba HHH B Kavectee KpyHOrO sanoaHNTedA KepaMsHtToBOrG TpasaA KpyN- HocTslo 3—20 ata (ppakuua 3—10 “a uw 10—20 mm) nosBonser " NGAY4HTS B BOspactc 28 aHeli GetoH MapKu 300 (oGbemHBIii Bec ajot 6etoa 1860 Ke/18). Ilpownoets GeToHa B ROapacte 180 aHel co- iy ctapadet 449 xP fea. Koanyeetso Ao6aBKH OT Be- ca wementa, % pactao- pumoe STEKO 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 By ° ‘BHOLag gw [ eH Rg RaHaWaT FOND | 525 550 7 124,15 : 2,05; 110,96: 1,88; | H BOROREMCHT- Hoe OTHOWeHHE Cocras Gerona A3,TaGauya 19 Pesyapratin ucaietanus ua cMKarme cy AOctoMTersHOro Kepamaurogerona evr a co ~ Ms faHHbIx, NpuBegennax B Ta6n. 19, TaKoKe BEAHO, YTO 3a~ 1 — ausedsue a is 8 is ig ys MeHa bB cOCTaBe KepaMSHTOOeTOHa KpPyNol (pakudA KcpaMgnTo- ' Poway vxdey | - ~ ~ Roro rpasia 10—20 sa Ha TPanUTHEIa UleGeH cooTseTCTRYIOMeh | : ~ - fom KpyWHocTH (B KepaMsuTOeroHe ocTaétcs KepaMauTonpn rpaBuit 2 1 8 gg x 4 if KpynHoctpio 3—10 a) nosBomdeT CHH3HTS BOTOUEMEHTHOE oTHO- Ske | = * . | |e wenHe Wo 0,37 H MOBbICHTh MpodRocTh GeTORa B Bospacre 28 ane bes | gs gS 5 ¢ g | 3 Ha 25% (438 «I/cm?) nu B pospacre 180 auneiina 75% a 6 * _* : (612 xf few?) wo cpaBHeHHloO c KepaMsuToGeronom MapkH 300, rae i col BS 3 ig be 48 . Tlonyuerupit GeTou Ha KOMORBHpOBAHTIOM ganoanlreste HMCET 28 3 | a |8 4 i 2 > R Bogpacte 28 nHeli mapxy Gerona 400. Cdnemuntii Bec Getona feel = fe S a = 2080—2100 Kaj’. gee, = 8! os % 5 ' Fas ~ — Ou xijeu ; 28 g i 1g 5 wa 7 gez| - [81 |B 8 & in : aux —-——_| - ae Sach Io oo = i B83 = | g is g so Boe — “| poo ee vg eT = Po La | } 0 . — J ja. ee s 204) a a 3 : 2 a : i 186 3 S © ie 6 la log | 2 i. = - z ap an ze Ie g 9 ay) 8B 7] w g iz 2 !e £ 2 = iz 1 iz a 13 . 8 é z Pus, il, Tpatbux lapactanun mpowocra Bo Brew aS 3 ee 8 5 b OPH COKATHR CYNOCTpORTegbHOTO KepangHTobetoia arapox BO g 2 BE fz | [ ¢ i 400 & a 5 | a: 3 | a — —— —Kepansuyoeton MapKH 400 (na KepamaHTopom = Tpanal {- ~ | TE = Geran Wap 400 Ha HONGviNpoBAMeN sulOauivene (2 Bee i : RepaNHTOBOM CpaRWA HW TDAANTHOM IneGKTe) ; es zl J bg! Bet i el bal —+ + Kepananroterod mapKy 300 (Ma KepasiantonoM Fpasust = a3 , ES os Be. 5-20 sat) iis [Basie jgigsits ge | chs “ fee" [dake | EsESEsE| 228 | gc8 - Ese “4 dt ied ¥ ad : Sl xe | Hekwovemme ug cocTaba KepamgHToGeroua MapKH 300 Kpynnoi = oo iM & on a z. ans = at _ ppakuun KepaMeHTonore rpasyA 10—20 ma uM BBeMenne AGGaBKH - e3 | | . | | ~ CCB Takwe chocoGcTByer MOBDITeHHIO MpouOCTH KepaM3uTo- ‘ “ i = - : Gerona. FLOOR Har a! i 9 pemaren) ! | i Kepam3ntedeton coctasa 1:1,18:0,91 ¢ BAL= 0,98 Hoc Ao- - ee Te | 6apKot CCB 0,15% apa pacxoae uementa 550 xe/a® (cépemiterti el 2 Sales | wo | pec GeToHa 1890 «e/a3) umMeer podMocTh TIpH cxaTUH 8 BOspacte y ‘ 2 ne , i BLIDDNOT TOMDE.T 8 ie | BE05 | 5 | 28 aneit 437 xP /em®, B Bospacte 180 guefi — 524 KI/cm?. : pave | KepamantoGero# coctaBa |: 1,12:0,83 c B/U=0,42 npH pac- ‘ ya a 4 xome yemeuta 575 ke/m? (oGpemubii Bee Gerona 1890 Ke/m*) umMeer - t . e 6 ; eet 5 ~ = & lag agg npoyxHocts A Bospacte 28 quent 445 xi /cx®, 8 pospacte 180 zHelt By s - S ,ee go 573 «jem, Se & . 1 2 (a! Ppapuk Hapactakus| MpounoctTH BO BpeMeHH MPH CHATHH CyAO- 3 male Said Doxmler omar CTPOHTeThHOrG KepaMSHTOSeTOHa MapoK 300 H 400 noKagaH Ha 2 ! 2 on 2 Tel | ae i 7 pue. Ll,. TipounocTs upd cykaTHM TecdaHbIx BbeToHoR mapoK 300, 400 500 ucctencbatach B BO3PacTe GeToHa 3, 7, 14, 28, 90, 180 ahel, 1 u 3 roga. Henbiranna npoBodHanch a o6pasiax-Ky6ax pa3Mme- pom 7X7X7 cm ecTecTBeHROFO TBeEpeHus HM HOABePrHYTHIX Mpo- TAPUBAHHW flO ONTHMANLHOMY PeMUMY, OSecKeynBalOMeMy HoOTyUe- HHe 70% mpouwwoctu Gerona cpasy Mocaze mponapHBanna (4+4+ +544), a TakxKe TMOAyYeHHe BHICCKOH MopO3ocToiKocTH HM HeMpo- nuyaeMocTH GeTOHA {BMAepaRKA NepeA Mponapusannem — veTblpe 6, affem? m8 aaa} 6 root 3 508 500) 909] 300 200 fo j00 + Tee Bw ce Pre. 12. [pa S68 i. HK HAPACTAHAA OPOUOCL BO BPeMeHA pH CKATHM TeCTAIHEX éeTonos mapox 300, 400 4 500 2— Geto Mapxa 300 ectceTReyuore ToepacHHs; 2- Gevon mapKH 300 mponapenunf; J — GCTOH MapxH 400 ecTectpeHHOrg TaepAewua; 4— GeTol Map 400 npomapemmilt; & MEpku AID ecTeeTAeNOTO THEpAeHna; 6 -- SeTOH MapaH 590 nponapenturt sero yaca; MOAbeM TenmepaTypLt azo 80°C — uernipe yaca; HsoTepMH4e- ckui nporpes opi TemmepatType 80°C — math wacos; cHmKenve réMhepaty ph — yerTHpe uacay, Ms cpenana PesyipTaToOR HecthITa- wa (Ta61. 20) BugHo, uro necuaHbl GeToH ceTecTBeHHOTG TREpze- UA M ppomapensEi yocTHraer Mapousoh mpounocTH B BOZpacTe 28 ane. B pospacre onworo rola MpBapoct upoyRocry cocTaBHa 50—80%. B pospacte tpex ser —50—90% or mpounocTH 6erona B BospacTe 28 sHeH. [IpapocT nposnocTH mecyanerx GCTOHOR MapoK 300, 400 u 500 ecrecTBeHHoro TRepACHHA H NpOMapeHHEIx npakTHye- CKM OduNaKouE, Tpacuk HapacTaHHA MpOUHOCTH BO BpeMeHH mMecdaHblx GeTo- HOB ToKagat na pue. 12. Alia uccneLOpanta BAHARHA KOTHYeCTBa goGasKH CCB ua TOABHRHOCTR CYTOCTPOUTEIBHEIX LeCLaHbIX Gerouos uw Ha pocr 46 a Tabauya 20 Tpegen upoanoctn (xf /cH?} mpy cxaTHY necHanDlx GeToHoB mapoK 300, 400 H 500 | i 2° HORT 9% ec 3e S& 8 araedeos 1 a 8 + os exomg eudey _ . \ : —- 2 ©os i se a fb BS i & a # 2 ion 2 B BB 6 1 2 i a ; .. — _ 5 — a a 2B 1 oo & = i 9 2e no i = & 88 1 3 8 e | 8 So 8 ROE a | on om 2 et $8 & & 5 é = | & oS ee e a an — tow © ae ' : % & 2 a 8 i 85 ; 2s x | = —| - o | . om «© = 2 2 se | a ze Qo 2 1 fe | & | 85 7 a i — - } = 2 x | & * gB | x | x 6 a 3 x 2 ° - E - 2 | 3 z | ; | _ te S | a , 8 | 5 I _ ) i. 1 ‘ “ : ~ 1 5 © i 2 3 2 § ° B | 3 gi! z 3 2 , = 8 ;, 8&8 t po 28 = 28 =f | a -| : { 7 : ‘ i w s a i & a = 9 | = : z \ z = a i & a. $ o 5 S eo ee 3 g & 6 & €¢ & ‘ og x S < = i a = a 2 fF | 6 1 8 a 3 gE 7 EB L i Sa i x Book 2 8S go 38 1 a eo am ce oh i 5 i @ gh a] a & | 5 BF 28 Be” | 3 |= a Wa | o o S \ WHuTigeds) © | = 1 -SHOM OL BHOLOD ~ 2 ad | \ SLQOMRKHAVOLL | — — 1 t eu ot i So g ! i Z S t wm ‘pHoLag gW [ EH | B i is Be BlHOWa TOXIed “ 1: i | | an ® 283 1 8 | = } i . gee i oof : | og } o24 we i , a8 : y i ast oe er : 225 bo | col ot : 8 Bia aio i S28HPOUNOCTH BO BPLMEHH BCTITANMIO HOABEPranca COCTAB Neckavoro éeTona 1:2 MpH pacxoge Wementa 680 Ke/a3, 3 qaWHHx HCTIBITa- wn {ra6s. 21) ycranoprtuo, 4ro go6aBKa CCB B Kkonnuectse 0,1 nu 0,3% oT seca ucMeHTa MnacTupHuupyet GeTOHHyro cMecb, 4TO cmoco6cTByel yBeTHyeHHIO NOoBuMOCTH Gerona (c 4 Zo 10 cm) MPH COXPAHeNMH MOCTOMHUOTO SHaTeEHHA BETHUMHDI BOLOLEMeHTHOTO oTHomenua (0,4) Haw cnocoGcTByeT YMenblieHHi0 BeEAMUHHD! BOZO- weMeHTHOTO OTHOHIeuHA {c 0,4 no 0,34) npw MocTosHHO NOzBHAK- HOCTH TlecuaHoro 6eToua, Tabsuya 24 Bananue poGaaxu cyappuTno-conpTosoh Sapo wa mpovHocTs mpH cKaTHH # MOZBHKHOCTH NeCuaHWx GeToHOR ' ° | 1 I | BS ft bso [ =, |, | Tipezennpounocrs apy oxatan ia aS 25 2 | taf lea?) oSpasnon 7X7 x7 ca } Ee on i a boa i o3pa Coctas necua- | $8 ES 25 gle g . ne pare (aun) wore GeTona | = gO) Be >| BEI \ | oF Ze (Eoe | 2s i : 1g— [es Ben FE | 7 , 8B : 90 365 | 2se|e (225/26 | i | en ee 1 i ~ I | 31 532 | 596 | 728 ; 680) Of Oa | | | i | | | eC | i r “a i To 7 yo T | | ~ 680 Jor] 4 | 0,35 | zag ast | 97 867 / ; jp | m 9 a : .. Boe io. i bes sao | p3 | 436 553 | i 9 + 9 me | ' | 1 - 680 470 | | 38 | i i nea | , 680 603, to .o,4 | FA | 882 | ! , 62 | 72 MTpumeqcawie. B avamevarete yeagana EpowsoCTS B Mpoentax or npoyuoers : 1B Gerona Gea qobankn, | Hobanxa CCB w xoanuectue 0,1% Kak B panveM BOgpactTe, Tak H HO OANOTO Tosa 3aMeaAeT Poct MpounocTH GeTowa na 8—16% 0 CPaBHeHHiO C 1:pO4NnocTbIO GeTona Ges AOGaBKH. JEo6aBka CCB B KodHYecTRE 0.3% GT BeCa WeMEHTa 3HaYNTeNBHO 3aMesmeT pocr MpounocTH Necuancro GeTOHa B paniteM Bospacte Ha 30—48% i B BO3pacTe 310 OfHOTO romqa—ua 24%, Take Oo cpapHeHu1o © Npownocth Necuaxore GeToua 6e3 WOOaBKH. Ana HccaeqORakHA BIHAHHA pagMepa HCNIThIRaeMbix dOpa3- WOB-KYGOB Ha NPOYHOCTL CYAOCTPONTEIBHLIX GeTOHOB pK coKATAH 46 Tabauya 22 4 Bawnane npoynocra (xf /ca®) npa cxAaTHM cyoctponTesbHux GeTOHOB B 3aBACHMOCTH OT paaMepos HCHETNEAeMbX OfpasyoB i 1 4 ; ie gh i}ajyaujufrl @) @l 8 F cd i = i. - 5 - E & /f%ey| 3] 8] 8) 8] 8/8] a] 8) 8) B ly S$] sj ¢)] ¢] sys] 8 2] 2 = f e | & | yw etal =f alel es 1 i ZB [w-w) 81 4) 8] 8] a) 4 i en) q ar os c So c °° : 2 ! a i 2 i 2 om Rolie! es) ae} afe) 2: e¢) 4) 2. 2 ayo Sy EB) Sy) 3) 5 | | : I F i | I ¥ 8 gs | gx EKER ! ry ot | 3 S/o 3 eS | 23 i on oe oo a8 2} #/ 2] 8/28) 8] 3 Bg: 84 Em | O1X | BR | 88 | 38 | : | LI 5 a ~ aS ‘ ' g F f i -_ S x ax lip. | we ae loo | ae 3 oo AL We oo Be Be ae | RX | is 2 2 ae | oe | wep ae | aa Pes] ) = a a ome | eo 2 FE 8 88 | 88 | $8 6 | &3 / 8S 188 é aA =H “a “<= ae fee |e z . a | = = So 0D Da on at ee: 8 AS |} 38 | AR | 28 | AS | SS | 88 oe, 2 ao joe | co) at | tt |S) 45 no 3 ~ es [uo |as | aa | ae leon | no Sy = a2 | S2 [Sa | al | 8A | RG | SE ze| & r= | SSP SAP AS | RN PAA) Se as me [oe | aa | ae | ae fea | ee Sal gel. ace | co tac loo jee |oa}cc 2 & AS | SS PBS | aS | SS 22 7 2a Be pacte Gerona 90 u14 180 gueli, wTO sHauNTetHHO NpHOmMaHT CBOR- cTBa GeTOHa MpH HcMbITaHHu K Le#eTBHTeIDHEIM IPH cave cyAna, STH MePONpHATHA TakKe NOSBOAAT 3HAINTeEbHO YMeHLIUNTh pac- XO U€MEHTA LTA NPHTOTOBIENHAT GeTOHOR. PesymsTatbl HCCHegoBaHUll MOKAgbIBAIOT, YTO NapacTanwe Mpou- HOCTH CYZOCTPOHTeMLHBIX GETOHOB HCIIDITHIRACMBbIX COCTABOB BO BPeMCHH MPH TBEPJeHAH B HOPMAJBHBIX YeOBHAX MpoMcxoAHT 53,HATeHCHBHO B nepBble 3, 7, 14, 28 aHeA H HpOsOAAeT yBeNHMH- BaThca B BOSpacte 180, 360 nHeli H Gonee, Onpeseiue Mpowiocth cysocTpouTerbHoro GeToHa Ha cKATHE B Bospacte 3, 7 HTH 14 Ane (Ra, Rz, Ris) pn WOpMadaHEIx yo.t0- BHAX TBEPACHHA, NPOUHOCTh CYAOCTPOMTeILHOrE 6etTona B Bo3pacte 28 quek MOxKHO BBUNeCTUTS nO creAyOWuM depMysam: Rog= =2,22-Rs; Rig=143+Re Roa=lll Ris. K sospacry 7-14 quel mpounoctH GeroHon Kak ecTécrBeaNoro TREPAeHHA, TAK H PpOMapeHHoro BbipapHEBalTca. B daathiekurem HapactTanne Hx HIpOUVHOCTH NpOWCXOAHT OAMHAKOBO. ALAA onpegesenua npouwgclH cynoctpoutTerbHOrO GeTcHa B BOS pacte 90, 180 nan 360 quel (no pesybTatam mpowtoctn GeToHa Rog) MOTYT 6bITh HCNO1b30BaHbI colemyroume cpopMy.ibi: Ron = = 1,15- Rog: Rigo 1,3 + Rog; Rago= 1,55 + Ros. Alas onpegenexua MpOuHocrH cyYLOCTPOHTeABIBIX GETOHOB B BO3- Pacte tpex H STH JeT MOryT GEITh HCMOAbSORAaHb! KOIpUNHeEHTLI, NpHBeReHHble B TAG. 23, 3. Rpounocta cygoctpontenbHeix GeTOHOB Ha pacTaKeHWe HM pacTaKeHwe npw narnbe TIpH necneqoBanHn MpoxocTH cyazocTponresbMLEx GeronoR Ha Pacts KenHe Onin OpHHATpI TPH Me€TOMNMKH: a) Henbitanue pocbMepox paa3mepom 5X5 X50 cu no MeToaMKe TOCT 4800—59 (pyc. 13). Mpeaen npousocru Gerona Ha ocenoe pactaenue (Rp) 10 yKa3aHHol MeTOANKe ncnbITaHHi BEIUHCAICA To opmywe = Pea, Post F : R P rae Ppasy — paspywaiouad warpyaka, aT; F—naoulaie ceyenia o6pasna, ca. 6) Henpiranue Gaciox’ pasmepom 10X10%50 cw Ha H3THO on- BUM TPY3OM, MpHAlOwKeHHbIM B CepedMHe Tpodera, papuoro 40 cat, ao MeTozHKe «<[Ipapua nocTpolikn sxenegodeToHHLIX cyyon» Peu- Horo Peructpa PC@CP (puc. 14). Mpegea npouroctu 6erona na ocenoe pactaxkenne (Rp) no yKasaHHO MeTOAMKe NenbiTaHHit BHI UHCAHACH NO bOpMyte R, = 0,88-5 be 0,85 KP feu?, Tae {—paccrosnue mexay onopamn, 40 cat; 6 — unpuua Ganky, cat; A —spicota GaaKn, C41; 0,88 — noctosHBaa peaW4HHa; 0,85 — koath@muvent meta Gadox cevenueu 1010 cat, 54 B) Mensitaune xy6on pasmepom i10X10X10 c# MeTOAOM pac- Kanbipanuia (pc, 15). [I[pege1 mpouxoctu Getowa Ha oceBoe pacTakenHe 10 yKagaHHOH MeTOANKe HenbITanHH BErHCs.IcH 10 opmyie R, = 0,635: 22822. cP fea’, a Tae Q— ANHHa Ppa ky6a, eM; 0,635 — mocTOHHHad BeAH@HHa. CpaBHuTedbHbiM HcnblraHHaM M0 yKa3aHAbIM TpeM MeTOUKaM NOABeprastch cOcTaRbI cyfocrpouTeabnoro Gerona Mapku 400 C pacxogzom wementa 500, 525 a 550 xe/s3 pu B/ll=0,38. Tlogsusxucerb GeToHHOoH cMecH coctapiadaa 3—12 ¢a# NO CTaHAAapTHOMY KO- Hycy. HenbitanHa GeTOHRBIX O6pasil0B (BOCbMe- pok, Ganck 4 KyGoB) HpoHsBORHIMCh B BO3- pacte Gerona 3, 7, 28, 90 u 180 Anei Mpu Ax TBePUeHHH B HOPMaIBHDIX YCOBHAX. H3 CpE€ZHHX MaWHbIX CPpaBHHTe.IbHbIX HeIibi- TaHUii Ha OceBoe pacTaxenue GeTONNHIX oGpas- OB pAsAHUHOTO BUA H pasMepa (Tabs, 25) BHAHO, UTO pe3yIbTaTLI HCIbITaHHH HesaBH- CHMO OT BHa o6pasuoB (BochMepKH 5X5 x50 cm, Gamku I10X10K40 cH, Kyéb 10x 10X10 cat} 8 Bospacte or 3 go 180 aueit TpakTMteckH paBnal. CcgqopaTesHuo, Wa He THTAHHA CYOCTPORTEIBHLIX GCTOHOB Ha oce- BOe PacTAKEHHC MOET GLITh McNObsOBala suioGan 43 TIpHBeEHUbIX MeTOAHK. VYuntTiipast, uTO MeroxwKa ucmblTanun Ge- TOH@ Ha pacTaKcHHe MeTOAOM packaJibiBaHHA KyGOB ABIAeTCA HAHMEHee TPYACeMKOH, a pe- BYIBTATH HCTBITANHH noayyalorcr HaHGonee Puc. 18. Henuranue oGpasuon wa oceroe cTa6HAbHble, ABTOP PeKOMeHAOBaT ee Mpame- pactaxenne HeHMe = LIS HeiiblTaHhA CY¥MOCTPOHTE.IbITbIX 6etonos. B 1961 rf. ¥kKasaHHaH MeTO;HKa épuia BeatIogena B Mucrpyxuuie ©111-60—61, a satrem B MuetpyK un P11 t-140—63, WHUATC. Bee matbueiine Pe3y1bTaTH HCNLITANHA Ta oceBoe pacTAnKe- HHC CYMOCTPONTETbHbIX GeTornos c KpyYTHbIM 3aNOTHHTéTemM 10.1 NeHLI MpH packaJabmanHn KyOoB pasmepom 10X10%10 cm. Menuitanua mecuaHbix GeTouoR Ha Ocezoc PacrTsIReHHE PeKOMEH- AyeTch MpOBOgsHTh Ha MaJlbIX BOChMepKax mo metoguKe TOCT 310—41. Tipoutocth ma OCeBOe PaCTAKEHHC HOBHX BHAOB CYAOCTPOH- TCADHBIX G6ETOHOR HCc.1eOBatacb B BOapacte GeTOHA AO Tpex-NATH 55net. H3 cpegquux pesymbratos Hcuplranwk (Tab. 26) BuAHO, ato Foubauga 29 HSroTOBIeHAHIX H3 CYAOCTPONTeABHOrE 4 Ha QctBde pactwkenxe -GeTOHHLIX TibIT aH Setowa mapKy 400 Ganox a Ky605), Peayabratiy cpasHHTenbiwx uc o6pasuos (Bocbmepox, i » 2 enw ok wo. an a cyRocTpouTeibHbit Gerox mapkH 400 HMeeT B Bospacte 28 Ane = - ee 8 ae 48 woo on HPOuoCTh Ha OceBoe pacTsmenHe 32 af fem, Mpupocr npounoctr 2 | GeTona B BO3pacTe OAHOTO Toma cocTaBHaA 48%, B BOSpacTe MATb oa tet — 66% of mpounocTu GeTona B Bospacte 28 AHeh. g5 g ea g 2 e a @n¢ TloGaska pactBopuMoro crek#ta 3,5% nu CCB 0,1% B coctaB 2 ° cyjocTpourenbHoro GetoHa mapxu 400 cHMaaeT ero NpOUHOCTL a at _. . ocepoe pacramenne B BO3pacTe 28 AHeli H B BOSpacTe Tpex Jet Se B cpemHem Ha 15%. ea] & a & 8 & 8 8 8 8 8 pa S| i -—-| ee & Ba ef ok RS Fs a 2£ 222 ae ae oe ~—- - a & oS = = a3 a £2 a nh 2 = % ¢ 8 3 8 Zs eee af os ZK fe zS x EF x x FxtR ER ak oe Se e fe |e 2s z " s 2 est) Lexy Le zel i && & = 7, = “=~ 2 n #8 e I | a | i a | | Puc. 14, Heneirapne o6pasnos xa w3THG =6Puc. 15. Menuiranae o6paauos Ha pac- Hn Ss 2 = So TWKCHHE MeTOLOM pacKamDBaHHA ae é& & ae @] 2s 8 8 > 8 3 a oa a 8 w ag =< CyaocrponterpHEli Geron MapkH 600 umeer npoynocTb Ha Oce- : ” Boe pacTamkenve B Bospacte 28 queli 34 xf /c#?, B BOspacTe MAT amet — 61 «f/em?. e ° CygocTpcuteibHH KepaMsHToGeTon Mapok 300 u 400 HMeer ~ HpoyHOCTL Ha OceROe pacTAKeHHe B Bospacre 28 gue 24 u 30 xf/em?, B wospacte 180 mHefi— 3t u 33 KP fom? CyazocTpouteabnbii Geton MapKH 400 Ha KOMOHHHPOBANHOM 3andJIHHTete AMCeT NpoOunocTs Ha OceBOe PaCTAKCHHE B BospactTe 3 2 3 28 anelt 30 xe/c#?, B Bospacte 180 j”Reli — 36 KT/cm?. " ° “ CyaOcTpOHTeIbHETe Tecualnie Geronit mapox 300, 400 a 500 HMeIOT IPOYHOCTh Ha OceBOe pacTAIKeHHe B BOspacte 28 AHelt 24, o ~ 30 n 36 KI/em?, B Boapacte Tpex JeT cooTBeTcTBeHHO — 46, 54 H Ss o 7 60 «KP fom?. Eee se we w s ees = @ 28 Bo Vg mpypesqenHeix JAHUbIX JAHTeIBHEIX HcMbITaHHH cyAOcTpoH- oes aS “3 7S TeABHBIX GeTOHOR Ha cKaTHE H OCeBOe PACTAKeHHE SHAHO, uTO aos a 8 8 Mpewe MPOYHOCTH Ha OCeBOe PACTAMKERHE CYMOCTPOHTEMbHIX Ge- sos * = | 1 1 Ba = Pom = 8 & 6 08 | Ef | mae +o | of TOHOR B Bospacte 28 gHeH M Jo NATH eT cocTaBaneT is is = ~ : ” t - | Mpeyeta Mpownoctu GeToHa ApH camKaTHH. a7{ | ow ge°0 = _ zo | St | Th | OF | 9¢ 8 082 TT oug madex Holag yoenday] | i ; __. ; | T 1 «. H : FO= _ 5 Ge | OF | 9B ; OF | B | Te 8 089 OCT OOF HNdEN vOLQ PIHeAOIL] Og Hudew Mo1ag woHeadal] aLeLHHVOUee WOHHBA -OdHHMQNON GH oy RdeW _ a - } 9¢ j ce | og | at | tr Zz ogg ‘0'} | HoLag yeu gie Lae davov A a - . 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