Intra oral Radiography

Intra oral radiography is of two basic techniques:-

A. bisecting angel technique.

B. parallel technique.

These techniques require the operator to locate the long axis of the teeth and
position the x-ray beam. Accurate location of the long axis of the tooth is
obtained by observing the crown of the tooth in the patient and using prior
knowledge of the anatomy and shape of the tooth and some land marks on the
head of the patient these land marks are:-

1- Ala of the nose.

2- Tragus of the ear.
3- Bregma (soft skull opening found in the top of a baby's head located in the
midline of the head slightly anterior to the center of the head.
4- Lower border of the mandible.

In general there are some information's about the directions of the teeth:-

1- The long axis of the maxillary incisors teeth points up word to the bregma.
2- The long axis of the maxillary posterior teeth is mid way between the buccal
and palatal roots.
3- The long axis of the maxillary canine is directed to the top of the nose.
4- The long axis of the mandibular incisor teeth are varies from titling slightly
foreword to backward.
5- Long axis of mandibular canine is vertical.
6- Long axis of the mandibular molar is the crown slightly titled in word.
7- All the apices of the maxillary posterior teeth are located at a line drown
from the ala of the nose to the tragus of the ear.
8- All apices of mandibular incisor teeth are located less than 1cm above the
lower border of mandible.
9- The posterior of the first molar teeth are on a line drawn from the pupil of the
eye to the lower border of the mandible (when the patient is looking forward).
10-The position of the 3rd molar teeth are on a line drawn about 1cm behind the
corner of the eye perpendicular to all tragus line.
Patient position:-

Patient position must be standardized by two

planes;
1-Vertical plane: -
Position the head with the help of the back of
the chair so that sagital plane is vertical and at
right angle to the floor.

2-horizontal of occlusal plane:-

A. for the maxillary teeth: - lower the patients

head so that the ala tragus line is parallel to the
floor.
B. for the mandibular: - move the chin upward and backward until the occlusal
plane is parallel to the floor.

The bisecting angel technique:-

.
The central beam of the x-ray is
perpendicular to the bisector of the angle
formed between the long axis of the tooth
and the film.
A is the long axis of the tooth.
B is the angle of the film.
C is the angle that bisects angle A and B.
The beam is then directed at 90 degrees to
angle C.

Full mouth radiography:-

To take radiographic viewing the whole teeth, 14 films are required for full
mouth radiography which is seven films for maxillary teeth and another seven
for mandibular teeth as illustrated.