The maxillary incisors radiography

The principles of maxillary incisors radiography are: -

1- The film is hold vertically by the patient thumb behind the 4 incisors with 2
mm. of the film will extend below the incisal edge. So
the other edge of the film will touch the palate the
thumb is positioned near the incisal edge without
expansively banding the film. If this occurs a distorted
tooth image will produced.

2- The tube head should be adjusted to cover the whole

incisor teeth expected that the roots of the anterior teeth
located at the wing of the nose.

3- The vertical angulations should be adjusted so that the central ray

perpendicular to the bisector (between the film and the tooth).

4- Horizontally the central ray directed as close as possible through the inter
proximal space of the central incisors

5- The exposure time is 1 sec.

Maxillary canine radiography

The principles for maxillary canine
radiography

are;

1- The film is positioned in the

patient mouth vertically behind the
canine tooth covering the tooth from the tip of the crown to the apex which is
located at the wing of the nose. In patients with narrow upper arches the film
cannot get in its right position so handing of part of the film is required. But the
film must not be curved.

2- The tube head should be adjusted to cover the canine region. The central ray
should be perpendicular to the bisector. The bisector is located close to a line
drawn from the cusp of the same canine to the pupil of the opposite eye of the
patient.

3- Horizontally the x-ray bead is directed between the canine and the first
premolar.

4- The exposure time is 1 sec.

Maxillary premolar radiography

The principles for maxillary premolar
radiography are: -

1- The film is positioned in the patient

mouth horizontally the anterior border
should be placed at the middle of the
canine tooth. The lower border of the
film should not extend more than 1 mm. below the cusps. The film is held in its
place with the thumb of the opposite hand of the patient without excessively
pressing the film to the palate.

2- The central ray is positioned perpendicular to the bisector. Location of the

bisector is obtained by a line connecting the buccal cusps of the premolar and the
top of the nose between the eyes of the patient.

3- Horizontally the central ray should be between the premolar teeth the cheek
should slightly retracted so the operator can see the premolar teeth.

4- The exposure time should be 1 and1/4 sec.

Maxillary molar radiography

The principles for maxillary molar
radiography are:

1- The film is positioned in the

patient mouth similar to premolar
teeth but it covers the molar teeth and
posterior it should cover the tuberosity area of the maxilla. The anterior border of
the film should be placed at the middle of the second premolar.

2- Horizontal angulations should be adjusted to direct the beam between the

molar teeth.

3- Vertical angulations should be adjusted so it is slightly more than that for the
premolar teeth. By adjusting the cone the patient cheek will prevent seeing the
teeth so we can use some land mark indicating the positioning of the teeth. If we
draw a line from the corner of the eye perpendicular to the ala-tragus line one
inch. Behind this point will be the position of the third molar roughly.

4- When the third molar is the tooth of interest the film is positioned slightly
higher in the oral cavity the vertical angle is slightly greater and the tube head is
positioned slightly distally.

5- Exposure time should be 1 and 3/4 sec.