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Design and fabrication of elevator system without using counter weight

Article  in  International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics · June 2018

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 1073-1081
ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version)
url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/
Special Issue
http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF ELEVATOR SYSTEM WITHOUT USING

COUNTER WEIGHT
1
Vijayakumar D, 2Palani S, 3Arjun D B, 4Ruban Raj A, 5Vinoth Kumar M, 6Akash P
1,2,3,4,5,6
Department of Mechanical Engineering, VEL TECH MULTITECH, Avadi, Chennai-62, India
*Corresponding author Email: dvijayakumar@veltechmultitech.org

Abstract input effort can be reduced to 1/3rd times the

The main aim is to fabricate and
actual effort. 3:1 pulley mechanism is
modify elevator mechanism with mechanical
generally the load and the input effort is
advantage i.e. pulley mechanism, so that the
required. The first number represents the total
input effort can be reduced. The pulley has
load in thechamber and the second load
generally a wheel and an axle which is
represents the input effort required to lift
designed for supporting movement as well as
theload .This avoids the usage of counter
direction change ofwire rope. Here a
weight or balancing weight, which can be
continuous wire rope is to transmit a tension
seen in conventional type elevators.
force around three pulleys to left the load. A
3:1 pulley mechanism is used. Initially, one Keywords: Pulley mechanism,Mechanical
advantage, Counter weight, Input load.
end of the rope has connected directly with
loadthen transfer around an anchored pulley 1. Introduction:-

also returns back to the load,Here 3 pulleys 1.1 Pulley:

are to be used with a wire rope wounded
between them and so the force and weight is
distributed evenly thereby reducing input
effort. Thereby using this mechanism, the
According to Abramowitz, M. and
Stegun, I (2006) [4], Pulley has designed for
supporting movement as well as direction
change of a taut cable and power transfer
between shaft as well as cable.This pulley has

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
supported through a frame which is not
transfer of power to a shaftbut it used for
guiding the cable through exert force. The
drive components of pulley structure
arerope, cable, belt and chain. The rope and
pulley systems are characterized through the
purpose of a single continuous rope for
transmitting tension force around pulleys for
lifting the load.Goroshko et al (2004) [5]
found that the parting of pulleys in the dual
tackle changes applied force for
balancing operation of pulley system that
assumes the pulleys as well as lines are
weightless and there is no energy loss due to
the friction.
1.1.1 Types of pulley
The three different types of pulleys
Fixed
A fixed pulley has an axle mounted in
bearings attached to a supporting structure. A
fixed pulley changes the direction of the force
on a rope or belt that moves along its
circumference. Mechanical advantage is
gained by combining a fixed pulley with a
movable pulley or another fixed pulley of a
different diameter.
Movable
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Special Issue
A movable pulley has an axle in a
movable block. A single movable pulley is
supported by two parts of the same rope and
has a mechanical advantage.
Compound
A combination of fixed and movable
pulleys forms a block and tackle. A block and
tackle can have several pulleys mounted on
the fixed and moving axles, further increasing
the mechanical advantage.
1.2 Elevator
Elevator is a vertical transportation
that carrying people as well as goods in
between floors in building, vessel and other
structure. It has operated through electric
motors by cables as well as the system of
counterweight as like hoistor pump which are
operated through hydraulic fluid for
raisingpiston.In agriculture as well as
production process the elevator is used as the
device of conveyor for lifting
materials.Numerous types of existing
elevators like chain as well as bucket type and
screw conveyor reduces the required power
consumption Ali et al. (2008) [09].
1.3 Bevel gears
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Bevel gears has two shafts which and
intersect and have the faces of tooth bearing
with conically shape. Bhandari VB (2003) [1]
stated that the bevel gears have most often
fitted on the shafts with the intention of 90
degrees apart. Also, it could be considered for
working at other angles. The cone shape is the
bevel gear pitch surface.
1.3.1 Various types of tooth line
Straight tooth lines
It has straight teeth as well as parallel with
cone generators. The bevel gear has very
simplest form, Ratnadeepsinh et al. (2013) [2],
Also, floodgate picture of the gears have
straight bevel. Here, each tooth connects it
impacts of corresponding tooth with simple
curving of gear teeth could be solved the
difficulties.
Spiral tooth lines
The gear with Spiral bevel has formed
teeth beside the line of spiral. The benefit of
the spiral tooth is when comparing with
straight tooth, connect with more gradually.
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Special Issue
Bruzhas V.V. et al. (2015) [3] stated that inc
straight bevel gears the abrupt tooth matting
causes for noise and further required high
speeds.
Zerol tooth lines
These gears have an intermediate type
across the straight as well as spiral bevel
gears. Teeth have curved at the same time not
in angled. It has constructed along with intent
of duplicating characteristics by straight bevel
gear however It manufactured through a spiral
bevel by the process of cutting.
1.4 Rope
Abramowitz and Stegun (2006) [4]
investigated that rope has yarns with group,
plies and fibers which have twisted together
become larger as well as stronger formation. It
has tensile strength could be utilised to drag as
well as lift. Also, it has too flexible for
providing the strength while compression.
Therefore, It not be utilized to push and same
application of compression.
1.4.1 Styles of rope construction
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
Laid or twisted rope
Goroshko and Savin (2004) [5] found that the
Laid rope is the historically rope prevalent
formation in the new history of Western.
General twisted rope has three strands which
usually right in laid, The hardness of twist has
the path of twists and it move away from
observer.
Braided type
Oroshko and Artjuchova (2000) [6] stated
that braided rope construct with tubular jacket
and the fiber strands. The need of additional
twisting forces has benefits while load is
freely suspended. At the same time another
particular cores minimize shock through
arresting a fall while using a part of personal
with the system of group safety. It is
commonly preparing through nylon, polyester,
polypropylene of more performing fibers of
high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) with
aramid.
2.1 Frame
Wickert and Mote (1990) [7] found
that metal has material and it is
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Special Issue
typically harden the state of solid, opaque,
shiny as well as better electrical, thermal
conductivity and malleable. Slavic et al.
(2006) [10] found that the strength as well as
resilience of metal is led to their frequent
utilization on high rise building as well as the
construction of bridge, vehicles, home
appliances, tools, pipes, non illuminated signs
with rail road tracks.
2.1.1 Types of Frame
Aluminum
Aluminium has abundant element of after
oxygen with silicon. Bauxite has the chief ore
of the aluminium. It has chemical reaction and
the specimens consider rare as well as limited
to extreme for reducing environmental
pollution.
Brass
Brass has alloy with 0metallic which is
made of copper as well as zinc. The
proportions of zinc as well as copper could be
varying for creating various types of brass
alloy including different properties such and
mechanical as well as electrical. It has utilized
to decorate its bright and its gold like
appearance.
Copper
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue

Kulvietiene et al (2006) [08] stated that

copper has a soft, malleable as well as ductile
and also it has more thermal as well as
electrical conductivity. It has utilized as the
good conductor of heat and electricity in the
building material.

Stainless Steel
It has corrosion resistance and improving
chromium content. In addition with the
Molybdenum is improving corrosion Figure 1:Design of frame of proposed
resistance and minimizing the acids as well as elevator
against pitting attack in the chloride solution.
Wrought Iron
It has an iron alloy in addition to a much low
carbon as less than 0.08% content in the
contrast of cast iron 2.1% to 4%. It has semi
fused mass of iron including fibrous slag up to
2% by weight which provide grain resembling
wood and which is visible when etched to the
failure point.

3.1 Design Figure 2: Design of structure of proposed

elevator
The design of frame, structures and
mechanism diagrams are shown in Figures 1,
2 and 3 respectively.

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International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
2 Design Calculations:
Figure 3: Elevator mechanism
Here the load to be carried is 10 Kg (assumed)
= 10 * 9.81 = 98 N
But by using these pulleys here
3T = 98 N
T =32.66
M = T/g = 32.66/9.8
M = 3.33 Kg
Therefore by using three pulleys the amount
of input power given to do a particular task is
only 33.33% of the power given usually
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Special Issue
5. Working:
This mechanism consists of consist of
three pulleys of which two pulleys are placed
in the upper compartment and the other pulley
is placed in the bottom compartment. A steel
rope is used to lift the elevator, of which one
end is fixed by tying it to a hook present in the
lower compartment and the other end of the
steel rope is looped between three pulleys and
brought back inside the elevator. When
pulleys are introduced in such a way as our
mechanism, the power input required is
reduced to 1/3rd of the actual input power
required.
7. Conclusion:
A strong multidiscipline team with a
good engineering base is necessary for the
development of this elevator mechanism. And
if this elevator mechanism is made possible
the cost of living can be reduced in different
places .we gained a lot of practical knowledge
regarding planning , purchasing , assembling
and machining while doing this project work.
We feel that the project work is a good
International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics
solution to bridge the gates between institution
and industry. This project helps to reduce the
power consumption while elevating and also
how to perform the same task with reduced
input energy. By using more techniques this
can be modified and developed according to
the applications.
6. Reference:
[1] Bhandari V.B., (2003), Design of
Machine Elements, Tata McGraw-Hill
Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi
[2] Ratnadeepsinh M. Jadeja et al (2013),
“Bending Stress Analysis of Bevel Gears”,
International Journal of Innovative Research
in Science, Engineering and Technology,
3041-3046
[3] Bruzhas V.V. et al
(2015),”Development of solid-state model
Bruzhas V.V. et al (2015),”Development of
solid-state models for the gears of different
geometry”, Procedia Engineering 129 ( 2015 )
369 – 373
[4] Abramowitz, M., Stegun, I. (2006)
Handbook of Special Mathematical Functions,
Applied Mathematics Series-55, Mir
Publishers, Moscow
[5] Goroshko, A., Savin, G. (2004)
Introduction to mechanics of elastic bodies
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Special Issue
with variable length, Science, Kiev, (in
Russian)
[6] Oroshko, A., Artjuchova, E. (2000)
Dependence coefficient of damping in rope of
its load, Steel wire-rope, 5, p. 57-59, (in
Russian).
[7] Wickert, J.A., Mote, C.D. Jr. (1990)
Traveling Load Response of an Axially
Moving String, Journal of Sound and
Vibration 149, p. 267-284.
[8] Kulvietiene, R., Kulvvietis, G.,
Tumasoniene, I. A (2006) Symbolic/ Numeric
Vibrations Analysis of System with Many
Degrees of Freedom, Journal of Mechanical
Engineering 52(12), p. 309-317.
[9] Ali, M.M.; Armstrong, P.J. Overview
of Sustainable Design Factors in High-Rise
Buildings.In Proceedings of the CTBUH
World Congress, Dubai, United Arab
Emirates, 22–24 March 2008
[10] Slavic, J., Nastran, M., Boltezar M.
(2006) Modeling and Analyzing the Dynamics
of an Electric-motor Brush, Journal of
Mechanical Engineering 52(12), p. 126-142.
.
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