Design Criteria

Revision: 01
Date :24-03-2020
1.0 Design Criteria
1.1 Codes of Practice: The structural design of the building will be documented in
accordance with the following codes.
i) ASCE 7-05: American Society of Civil Engineer for minimum design
loads for building and other structures.
ii) Uniform Building Code (UBC-1997) Volume-2: Structural Engineering
design Provision.
iii) ACI-318-11: American concrete institute: Code of practice for
reinforced and pre-stressed concrete design and construction.
iv) ASTM: American Standard of testing material.
v) BS 4449: Specification of carbon steel bars for the reinforcement of
Concrete.
vi) BS 8110: Structural use of concrete.
1.2 Material Properties
1.2.1 The minimum Concrete Strength for different elements are as follows:
Cube (N/mm2) Cylinder (N/mm2)
Raft 50 40
Columns / Walls 50 40
Beams /Slabs 50 40
1.2.2 Minimum Yield Strength “fy” for Steel Reinforcement shall be 460
N/mm2.
1.2.3 All steel used in steel work shall comply with specification ASTM A36
or A50 (grade B & C) or equivalent standard such as BS 5950-2 and BS
5950-5.
1.3 Loading Combinations
1.3.1 All combinations that includes earthquake loads would be as per UBC-
1997
1.3.1.1 For Strength Design or Load and Resistance Factor Design use
basic load combinations as per UBC-1997 Section 16.12.2.1.
1.3.1.2 For Allowable Stress Design use basic load combinations as
per UBC-1997 Section 16.12.3.1.
1.4 Gravity Loads
1.4.1 Self Weights:
Reinforced Concrete 25.0 kN/m3
Structural Steel 78.5 kN/m3
Block Work:
100mm thick wall: 2.20 kN/m2
120mm thick wall: 2.44 kN/m2
150mm thick wall: 2.85 kN/m2
200mm thick wall: 3.12 kN/m2
250mm thick wall: 4.10 kN/m2
Soil (For Landscaping) 18 kN/m3
Lightweight structural build-up
(Styrene impregnated concrete) 12 kN/m3
Water 10.0 kN/m3
1.4.2 Superimposed Dead Loads:
Partition Wall Loads shall be calculated exactly as per layout.
External Glazing 1.0 kN/m2 (Preliminary)
Roof / Terraces 3.0 kN/m2
1.4.3 Superimposed Live Loads Loads
Residential Areas 2.0 kN/m2
Office Areas 3.0 kN/m2
Retail Area 5.0 kN/m2
Landscape Area 5.0 kN/m2
Pool Deck Areas 5.0 kN/m2
Corridors / Lobbies 3.0 kN/m2
Stairs / Egresses 3.0 kN/m2
Roof (Accessible) 3.0 kN/m2
Roof (Non-Accessible) 1.0 kN/m2
Mechanical Floor Levels 5.0 kN/m2 (Preliminary)
Car Parks 3.5 kN/m2
1.5 Wind Design
As per ASCE 7-05 Basic Code Parameters for determining the appropriate wind
loads are as follows.
Basic Wind Speed 101 mph or 45.0 m/s
Topographic Factor Kzt 1.00 (Clause 6.5.7.2)
Directional Factor Kd 0.85 (Table 6.4)
Importance Factor I 1.00 (Table 6.1)
Gust Factor G 1.0/1.0 (Clause 6.5.8.1)
Internal pressure coefficient GCpi ±0.18 (Figure 6-5)
1.6 Seismic Design
As per UBC-1997
1.6.1 Seismic Design Parameters
Seismic Zone Factor 2B (Table 16-I)
Soil Profile Type SC (Table 16-J)
Occupancy Category “I” 1.0 (Table 16-K)
Over Strength Factors “R” 4.5 (Table 16-N-3.a)
Near Source factor “Na” 1.0 (Table 16-S)
Near Source factor “Nv” 1.0 (Table 16-T)
Seismic Coefficient “Ca” 0.24Na (Table 16-Q)
Seismic Coefficient “Cv” 0.32Nv (Table 16-R)
1.6.2 Accidental Torsion
The building with Semi-Rigid Diaphragm is design with the provision of
5% eccentricities in seismic load applications as per Section 1630.6.
1.6.3 Structure Time Period (UBC-1997 Section1630.2.2)
Method A TA = Ct (hn)3/4
Where Ct (ft) = 0.02
Method B TETABS = Program (ETABS) Calculated
If TETABS ≤ 1.30 TA then T = TETABS
If TETABS > 1.30 TA then T = TA
1.6.4 Story Drift Limitation
As per UBC-1997 Section 1630.10.2
For Time Period T < 0.7 sec. ΔM ≤ 0.025 h
For Time Period T ≥ 0.7 sec. ΔM ≤ 0.020 h
Where ΔM (Maximum Inelastic Response Displacement) = 0.7 R ΔS
ΔS = Design Level Response Displacement
h = Story Height
1.6.5 Dynamic Analysis
Building is checked and designed for Response Spectrum Analysis as
per UBC-1997 Section 1631.5 in parallel to Static Analysis.
1.7 Modulus of Elasticity
For Concrete
Ec = 4700 √fc (MPa) (ACI 318-08) clause 8.5.1
For Reinforcement
Es = 200 000 MPa (ACI 318-08) clause 8.5.2
1.8 Moment of Inertia (UBC-1997 Section1910.11.1.2)
Beams 0.35 Ig
Columns 0.70 Ig
Walls-Uncracked 0.70 Ig
-Cracked 0.35 Ig
Flat plates & Flat Slabs 0.25 Ig
1.9 Deflection Criteria (UBC-1997 Table 19-C-2)
Type of Member Deflections to be considered Deflection
Limits
Flat roofs not supporting or attached
to nonstructural elements likely to be
damaged by large deflections
Immediate deflection due to
Live Load
L/180
Floors not supporting or attached to
nonstructural elements likely to be
damaged by large deflections
Immediate deflection due to
Live Load
L/360
Roof or floor construction supporting
or attached to nonstructural elements
likely to be damaged by large
deflections
This part of the total deflection
occurring after attachment of
nonstructural elements (sum of
the long-term deflection due to
all sustained loads and the
immediate deflection due to
any additional live loads)
L/480
Roof or floor construction supporting
or attached to nonstructural elements
not likely to be damaged by large
deflections
L/240
1.10 Durability:
The following exposure classification will be adopted for the design of the
structural elements:
Member in contact with the ground - very severe
Member in interior environment - mild
Member above ground/exterior environment - moderate
Minimum concrete covers to the nearest reinforcement (including links) shall be
as follows:
Slabs 30 mm
Slabs (Exposed to weather) 30 mm
Beams 40 mm
Columns 40 mm
R.C. Shear Walls 40 mm
Piles 75 mm
Raft 75 mm
Retaining Wall 75 mm (earth facing)
1.11 Floor Vibration, Building vibration and Thermal effects:
The design of building structure shall take into consideration the effect of
vibration and thermal differential.
The floor vibration under gravity loads criteria is to have natural frequency of not
less than 4 Hz.
The building vibration under the wind load with respect to occupant comfort will
be not worst than the 2% complain criteria as defined in BS 6611 for low
frequency horizontal motion.
The differential temperature Delta-T should be 30 degree Centigrade for the
concrete structure.
1.12 Fire Rating:
The following rating shall be applied to the design of structural element:
Basement Parking 2hours
Generator and MEP room 3hours
Residential/Retail 1.5hours
(or as per requirements of local Authorities)
2.0 Structural Framework
2.1 Shoring System: This is not required
2.2 Vertical Elements:
2.2.1 Walls
Reinforced concrete core walls in building will take most of the lateral
loads and carry part of the gravity loads to the foundation.
2.2.2 Columns
Columns will carry most of the gravity loads and resist some part of the
lateral loads.
2.3 Floor Slab System
2.3.1 Flat Slab / Post-Tensioned Slab System
Since the building is in moderate seismic area i.e. Zone-2B, Flat slab /
Post-Tensioned slab system with perimeter beams connected to the
columns and walls on the periphery of the building shall be used.
2.4 Method of Analysis:
2.4.1 Computer model
The building has been modeled, analyzed and designed in 3-Dimentional by using
ETABS software. The Wall and floor element has been modeled as shell elements,
whereas column and beam by frame element. Large opening which are deemed to
affect the analysis and design is included in the model.
Gravity loads such as self-weight, super imposed dead loads, and live loads are
applied
directly on the floor area element or line elements where applicable. Wind load is
applied on the model through its diaphragm. Seismic load is considered by
utilizing
elastic dynamic analysis i.e. Response Spectrum Analysis.
Secondary forces from P-Δ effect are also considered in the analysis and design of
all
structural members. Drift and lateral movement of each floor with respect to floor
above and below and as well as mode shape that predominantly exhibit rotational
movement in the first two modes area checked and corrected before the
commencement
of detail design
2.4.2 Structural Software:
The following software will be used in analysis and the design development of the
detail design in this project
ETABS 3-D Building analysis and design
SAFE Single Plan Finite element analysis and design
PROKON Element design i.e. Beam, columns, retaining wall.
2.4.3 LOAD COMBINATION
All response spectrum load cases are assumed to be earthquake load case and load
combination is created to include the response spectrum case. Load combinations
are created
manually in ETABS based on ACI 318-11/IBC 2003 and governing combo for
spectrum case
is as follows:
1) U100 = 1.4D
2) U200 = 1.2D+1.6L+0.5Lr
3) U300 = 1.2D+0.5L+1.6Lr
4) U400 = 1.2D±0.8W+1.6Lr
5) U500 = 1.2D+0.5L±1.3W
6) U600 = 1.2D+0.5L±1.0E
7) U700 = 0.9D±1.3W
8) U700 = 0.9D±1.0E