INTRODUCTION

In the real of accounting jargon a "spread sheet" or spreadsheet was and is a large sheet of
paper with columns and rows that lays everything out about transactions for a business person
to examine. It spreads or shows all of the costs, income, taxes, etc. on a single sheet of paper
for a manager to look at when making a decision. An electronic spreadsheet organizes
information into software defined columns and rows. The data can then be "added up" by a
formula to give a total or sum. The program operates on data entered in cells of a table. Each
cell may contain either numeric or text data, or the results of formulas that automatically
calculate and display a value based on the contents of other cells. A spreadsheet may also refer
to one such electronic document. The spreadsheet program summarizes information from many
paper sources in one place and presents the information in a format to help a decision maker
see the financial "big picture" for the company.

LITERATURE REVIEW

History Of Spreadsheet

Spreadsheets have been used by accountants for hundreds of years. Computerized or

electronic spreadsheets are of much more recent origin. In 1961, Professor Richard Mattessich
was the first to develop a computerized spreadsheet. In 1978, Robert Frankston & Dan Bricklin
invented VisiCalc, the first spreadsheet. It came out with the Apple II computer. VisiCalc did
very well in its first year because it could run on personal computers, could perform simple math
formulas, and gave immediate results. In 1980-83, new versions of DIF, SuperCalc, and some
other programs came out to the public. In 1987, New spreadsheet programs such as Excel and
Corel Quattro Pro were introduced. This allowed people to add graphics. They are different
because theyinclude graphic capabilities. Finally in 2001 Spreadsheet programs in use today
are Excel, Appleworks, Filemaker, and Corel Quattro Pro.

Purpose Of Spreadsheet

Spreadsheets are an essential business and accounting tool. They can vary in complexity and
can be used for various reasons, but their primary purpose is to organize and categorize data
into a logical format. Once this data is entered into the spreadsheet, you can use it to help
organize and grow your business.
PROCEDURE

1. First of all, enter each data in the first row which is A-STATION, B-DEGREE, C-MIN, D-
DISTANCE, DECIMAL E-BEARING, F-BEARING RADIAN, G-LATITUDE, H-
DEPARTURE, I-ADJUSTED LATITUDE, J-ADJUSTED DEPARTURE, K-LATITUDE
CORRECTED, L-DEPARTURE CORRECTED, M-NORTHING, N-EASTING.
2. Enter all the data into the correct columns such as station, degree, min and distance.
Make sure the data entered is the same as the original data.
3. Go to columns E, BEARING (decimal) and in rows E4, enter a formula to get a value for
decimal bearing. The formula is DEGREE + (MINUTES/60). Therefore, click = then click
B4 box , “+” and (C4/60). The command = B4 + (C4/60).
4. Next to make it easier to apply the same formula to the same columns click at the small
box filled with color. It helps us to auto generate the formula.
5. In the same rows in the Bearing(radians) columns, the formula is Bearing (decimal)
multiply with RADIAN. So, insert command = RADIANS and click the E4 box. The
resulting command is = RADIANS (E3). Repeat step 4 for the next value.
6. Next, still in the same row in LATITUDE column, the formula is value of Distance
multiply by COS and multiply by value of Bearing. So click = then click on the D4 box,
insert "*" and COS, then click the (F4). The resulting command is = D4*COS (F4).
Repeat step 4 for the next value.
7. After getting all the latitude values in each box, select all values in the latitude and
choose and click autosum to get the total of latitudes misclosure.
8. In the DEPARTURE columns, the formula to get the departure value is value of
DISTANCE multiply by SIN and multiply by value of BEARING. So, click = then click on
the D4 box and insert the symbol "*" then type SIN and click (F4). The resulting
command is = D4*SIN (F4). Repeat step 4 for the next value.
9. Repeat step 7 to get the total of departures misclosure.
10. Repeat step 7 in DISTANCE columns to get the total of distance.
11. In the column ADJUSTED LATITUDE, the formula is error in latitudes, G9 multiplying by
the distance of the line and dividing by the total distance. So, insert = then click box G9,
insert the symbol "*" then click on box D4 and insert "/". Lastly click the D9 box. The
resulting command is =G9*D4/D9. Repeat step 4 for the next value.
12. In the column ADJUSTED DEPARTURE, the formula is error in departure, H9
multiplying by the distance of the line and dividing by the total distance. So insert = then
click box H9, insert the symbol “*” the click box D4 and insert “/”. Lastly click the D9 box.
The resulting command is =H9*D4/D9.
13. In BALANCED LATITUDE column, the formula is LATITUDE – ADJUSTED LATITUDE.
So, on the first row click = and click G4 box then insert the symbol “-“ and click I4 box.
The resulting command is =G4-I4. Repeat step 4 for the next value.
14. In BALANCED DEPARTURE column, the formula is DEPARTURE – ADJUSTED
DEPARTURE. So, on the first row click = and click H4 box then insert the symbol “-“ and
click J4 box. The resulting command is = H4-J4. Repeat step 4 for the next value.
15. Next, on the NORTHING AND EASTING column. Insert a value of 0 in the first row of
both columns, Northing and Easting.
16. In row for station B Northing, the formula for this step is North value of station A +
balanced latitude B. So click = then click M3 box then insert symbol “+” and click at K4
box. The resulting command is M3+K4. Repeat step 4 for the next value.
17. In row for station B Easting, the formula for this step is East value of station A +
balanced departure B. So click = then click N3 box then insert symbol “+” and click L4
box. The resulting command is N3+L4. Repeat step 4 for the next value.
18. Lastly, to enter charts based on the existing data, select all the data in each column and
row. Select and click “insert” and select the appropriate charts. For this data select
scatter charts. So scatter charts will be generated based on existing data.
19. RESULTS.
 FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE, PLANNING &
SURVEYING

GLS 100
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

LAB REPORT : SPREADSHEET

NAME MUHAMMAD HAKIMI BIN MOHD ZAIN

STUDENT ID 2019255076

GROUP CLASS RAP120 (i)

SEMESTER SEPTEMBER 2019- JANUARY 2020

LECTURER NAME PN. NOORZALIANEE BINTI GHAZALI

DATA OF SUBMISSION 6 DECEMBER 2019