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fast23 p1 / 11 17/09/1998 9:18 Page 1
AIRBUS
TECHNICAL
DIGEST
NUMBER 23
OCTOBER 1998
The articles herein may be reprinted without permission except where copyright source is indicated, but with
acknowledgement to Airbus Industrie. Articles which may be subject to ongoing review must have their accuracy
verified prior to reprint. The statements made herein do not constitute an offer. They are based on the assumptions shown
and are expressed in good faith. Where the supporting grounds for these statements are not shown, the Company will be
pleased to explain the basis thereof. © AIRBUS INDUSTRIE 1998
Publisher: Airbus Industrie Customer Services, 1 rond-point Maurice Bellonte, 31707 Blagnac Cedex, France
Editor: Denis Dempster, Product Marketing
Telephone +33 (0)5 61 93 39 29, Telex AIRBU 530526F, Telefax +33 (0)5 61 93 27 67
Graphic design: Agnès Lacombe, Customer Services Marketing
Photo-engraving: Passion Graphic, 60 boulevard Déodat de Séverac, 31027 Toulouse Cedex, France
Printer: Escourbiac, 5 avenue Marcel Dassault, 31502 Toulouse Cedex, France
This issue of FAST has been printed on paper produced without using chlorine, to reduce waste
and help to conserve natural resources. 'Every little helps'.
FAST may be read on Internet http://www.airbus.com
FAST / NUMBER 23 1
fast23 p1 / 11 17/09/1998 9:30 Page 2
TRAINING
ince 1985, Airbus Industrie has envelope. In such circumstances the pi-
istic is common to all turbofan engines How is this achieved? maintain speed at, or above VLS. ESCAPE PROCEDURES COMPARISON
with high by-pass ratio. High by-pass l Should the aircraft energy drop be-
Non protected aircraft Airbus protected aircraft
ratio implies: By pulling the side-stick fully aft the low a certain threshold, a low energy
l High inertia, in particular in the low pilot gets: aural warning is triggered calling Apply TOGA thrust Apply TOGA thrust
pressure assembly because of the size l maximum angle of attack giving “SPEED - SPEED”. The aircraft energy
of the fan and turbine discs; maximum lift, is a function of speed, acceleration and Autopilot disconnect -
l Only a fraction of the airflow gets l alpha floor* function giving maxi- flight path angle, and the aural warning
into the combustion chamber to pro- mum TOGA thrust, comes typically below VLS. Rotate with pitch rate 3°/sec -
duce energy in the combustion process. l speed brake auto-retraction giving l Should the aircraft angle of attack
Pitch initially 20° up Pull full back stick
Today, all engine manufacturers have reduced drag. reach the threshold of Alpha Floor the
programmed an engine acceleration (* see below - angle-of-attack where ATHR sets TOGA thrust automatically. Respect stick shaker -
schedule and a “bleed bias” system in maximum thrust is automatically ap- The resulting procedures are shown
the Full Authority Digital Engine plied by the autothrust system). in the table on the right. Retract speed brakes Check speed brakes retracted
Control (FADEC), in order to protect Due to this protection function,
the engines against stall. This protec- How does this work? which allows the pilot to apply full Maintain wings level Maintain wings level
tion allows the pilot to get the best pos- back stick immediately, the escape pro-
sible thrust increase rate, consistently The high Angle of Attack (AOA) pro- cedures on protected aircraft are
and repetitively, by pushing thrust tection is an aerodynamic protection straight-forward, instinctive and nat- The flying technique is simple and most
levers full forward instinctively and that prevents the aircraft reaching an ural. They do not require exceptional instinctive; it allows the pilot to rapidly
rapidly, while minimising the risks of AOA at which is stalls. AOA is also skills or flying techniques, which are trade speed for altitude in minimum
engine stall and without limiting what- known as alpha (α): far more difficult to achieve when the distance, and then to climb at maximum
soever the authority of the pilot. pilot is under pressure, or subject to AOA properly stabilised.
There are three thresholds incorpo- heavy stress when facing emergency ➜ If the aircraft is not protected the pi-
Fly-by-wire protection rated in the protection: situation. lot has to act on the yoke cautiously,
in the flight controls l Alpha Prot(ection), which is the The optimum escape procedures on not too aggressively, so as not to get
maximum attainable stick-free AOA. non-protected aircraft are most difficult into the stall, in other words to reach,
Fly-by-wire control systems in Airbus The auto-trim stops there because to achieve! The pilot has to try to but not over-shoot, the stick shaker an-
fly-by-wire aircraft protect the aircraft there is no valid reason to fly at achieve a pitch rate of 3°/sec, and fly at gle of attack and try to stay there. This
against a stall. This protection allows such a low speed for a lengthy pe- the stick shaker angle of attack, be- requires a lot of skill and a lot of con-
the pilot to get the maximum available riod of time; The speed brakes, if cause it is the best for the escape! This centration, in a very stressful situation.
performance of the aircraft consistently extended, retract automatically. is exactly the goal achieved by the fly- The observed result is invariably AOA
and repetitively, with a unique, instinc- l Alpha floor, which is the AOA by-wire protections. oscillations around the stick shaker set-
tive and immediate action on the side- where engine thrust increases to ting, with usually an initial significant
stick, while minimising the risks of TOGA even with autothrust selected ACHIEVABLE overshoot. As a consequence, the over-
over-controlling or over-stressing the off. PERFORMANCE all performance is severely penalised.
aircraft. (Non protected aircraft provide l Alpha max, which is the maxi- In order for the pilot to really feel
warning of the arrival of a stall and mum attainable AOA with the side In case of an emergency on approach those characteristics, the training ses-
leave the pilot to deal with it as best he stick held fully back. (CFIT, windshear...) what matters to sions must include:
can). the pilot is the overall performance he l an explanation and a description of
Suppose that an aircraft decelerates, is able to get from the aircraft (airframe the characteristics of the altitude versus
stick free, with thrust at idle in level & engines) during a recovery manoeu- distance profile, on both types of con-
Figure 2 flight; the fly-by-wire pitch normal law vre. He must always have in mind the figuration (protected and not protected);
will keep the aircraft roughly in level capability of the aircraft, so as to be l a demonstration of the aircraft/engine
HIGH ANGLE OF ATTACK PROTECTION
flight and auto-trimmed and when VLS able to always fly ahead of the aircraft. behaviour and of the resulting perfor-
(minimum normal speed) is reached, This is the only way for him to readily mance, by specific manoeuvres on the
the pilot should take an action to pre- react to any emergency warning. Full Flight Simulator.
vent the speed from dropping further. If For the pilot, the overall performance This will make pilots fully aware of
CL the pilot takes no action, the aircraft of the aircraft is materialised with the the real capabilities of the aircraft, and
Airspeed scale will continue to decelerate till it reaches altitude versus distance profile the air- thus will comfort their confidence in
Alpha Prot. craft is able to fly in a recovery ma- the recommended escape procedure.
This is where the angle of attack pro- noeuvre. This profile is essentially a
140 VLS tection starts: function of two paramount parameters: Altitude versus distance
l If there is still no action from the pi- l The engine thrust spool-up character- profile during a recovery
lot, the aircraft will sink to maintain the istic, which is similar on all FADEC
α Prot and associated speed. This is a controlled high by-pass ratio engines, The flight trajectories achieved on all
Vα Prot major change in the aircraft behaviour. since ALL engine manufacturers have protected aircraft have the same charac-
l If, due to the sink rate the pilot then implemented an anti-surge protection. teristics since, on a short-term basis,
Vα Floor pulls the side-stick back, he directly or- l The aircraft’s response to the pilot’s they are a function of aircraft dynamics
ders a higher angle of attack, till he inputs on the side-stick or on the yoke; and engine response, which are similar
Vα Max reaches full back stick where he orders this response depends significantly on for all these types of aircraft. On a
120 α Max (Figure 2). the pilot’s flying technique, on how ag- longer-term basis, once stabilised, they
In addition to the aerodynamic pro- gressively he acts. depend upon the thrust-to-weight ratios.
tection, three energy features enhance The aircraft’s response will therefore The flight trajectories achieved on all
α Prot α Max that function since engine thrust is be very tightly linked to whether the non protected aircraft also have similar
VLS α Floor α Stall needed to maintain the flight path: aircraft is protected or not: characteristics; however, they are sig-
l When Autothrust (ATHR) is in ➜ If the aircraft is protected the pilot nificantly penalised by the excessive
SPEED mode, it will adjust the thrust to may apply full back stick immediately difficulty to properly achieve the ma-
the maximum possible, in order to whenever an emergency is detected. noeuvre, and to stabilise the stick
Maintains αα prot
Maintains prot Maintains αα max
Maintains max The deductive step pending on the terrain configuration.
withstick
with stick neutral
neutral with
withstick
stickfully
full back
aft Therefore, the pilot’s reaction must be
Two exercises will demonstrate the ca- quick and efficient. Thus, he must be
pabilities of the aircraft in recovery ma- able to achieve the escape manoeuvre
α Floor
VVα floor noeuvres, and parameters essential to easily and naturally.
the pilots will materialise. ➜ On a protected aircraft, no training
l Go around from high vertical speed is required to achieve the escape ma-
(V/S) approach (Figure 5). noeuvre; indeed, the procedure is
l Escape manoeuvre (Figure 6). straight-forward, is instinctive and does
160 160 160 160 not require exceptional flying skills.
ALERTNESS TRAINING And, it systematically leads to the best
achievable aircraft performance.
140 140 VLS 140 140 The training for escape from emer- The demonstrations “in clear air”, as
Vα prot gency situations such as windshear and described in the previous paragraph, are
Stick back for level CFIT has actually two aspects: actually enough to train the manoeuvre
120 120 Vα max 120 120
flight l Train the pilot to be alert to the ele- itself, and provide an awareness of the
ments which may create an emergency aircraft’s performance.
situation., ➜ On a non protected aircraft, a thor-
l Train for the escape manoeuvre. ough training is required in order to
reach a certain level of flying skill. The
-16
Training the escape flying technique is not easy to acquire.
manoeuvre Furthermore, it is very dependent upon
Stick fully aft the situation! Therefore, a lot of time is
Stick fully back
A GPWS alert comes up with about required to try to make this manoeuvre
15 seconds before potential impact, de- “natural” for the pilot and a lot of men-
Figure 7 Figure 9
INTERMEDIATE APPROACH - MOUNTAINOUS AREA - RADAR VECTORING - GPWS MODE 2 CLOSURE RATE PRECISION (ILS) APPROACH - ATC BRINGS AIRCRAFT HIGH ABOVE GLIDE SLOPE - ANY AREA - GPWS MODE1 “SINK RATE”
Sink rate
Figure 8 Figure 10
NON-PRESICION APPROACH - MOUNTAINOUS AREA - TURBULENT WEATHER - GPWS MODE 2 / MODE 4 INITIAL CLIMB AFTER TAKE-OFF (OR GO-AROUND) - MOUNTAINOUS AREA - GPWS MODE 4 / MODE 2
Terrain
Aircraft on final approach, in landing
configuration. Pull up
Stabilised approach speed (VAPP).
Pull up
tal effort is required from the pilot to be In order to train the pilot alertness, aircraft’s instantaneous position along l Intermediate approach / Mountain-
able to achieve this manoeuvre effi- many aspects have to be reviewed: its predicted trajectory. However, this ous area / Radar vector (Figure 7).
ciently! l proper departure/arrival procedures, facility shall be used in an environment l Non precision approach / Moun-
l proper and concise take-off and ap- where it will create an alert realisti- tainous area / Turbulent (gusty)
Having an alert proach briefings, cally. Four examples of realistic scenar- weather (Figure 8).
state of mind l proper review of major obstacles and ios are proposed hereunder; these will l ILS approach / Any area / ATC
safety altitudes, create a surprise for the pilots without brings the aircraft high above the glide
This should be the core of the training: l proper appreciation of lateral and degrading the crew confidence in the slope (Figure 9).
Get pilots to be aware of the situation. vertical situation of the aircraft, GPWS warning. l Initial climb after take-off (or go
Get pilots to be alert. The earlier an es- l radio communication phraseology, Note: The same principle applies for around) - Mountainous area
cape manoeuvre is initiated, the greater altimeter setting, task sharing. windshear scenarios. (Figure 10).
are the chances of success! Thus, the Last but not least, in case of emer-
pilot’s skill and mental capacity have to gency, the pilots’ reaction must be au- CONCLUSION
be concentrated on consciousness and tomatic and immediate, with little room
awareness of the situation; this state- for argument (unless in clear, cloudless The effort to improve flight safety must be a co-ordinated one, from aircraft manufacturers to airline management, including
ment is obviously true on any aircraft weather for GPWS warning). This is Air Traffic Control and other agencies. However, the pilot is the last link in the chain. The pilot has to take the right deci-
type. also part of the training for pilot’s alert- sion, and the pilot has to take the right action at the right moment, in an emergency situation, so as to save lives. Therefore,
On a protected aircraft the training ness. It will be achieved through sev- all efforts have to converge, to assist pilots in their decision-making processes, to ensure that they achieve the safest and
can therefore be fully devoted to pilot eral realistic scenarios flown in the sim- most efficient manoeuvre, in an emergency.
alertness, since all the pilot’s skill and ulators, spread throughout the training Training is obviously one of these essential efforts; and it is most clear that the training to handle emergency situations on
mental capacity are available for that courses. protected aircraft is a rational one, because the protection of fly-by-wire allows concentration on the most important aspect
purpose. This is not the case on a non For that purpose the simulator must of the accident prevention, which is pilot alertness. On a protected aircraft, valuable training time is not necessary and is not
protected aircraft, where a lot of the pi- have the capability to create an “elec- lost in teaching and learning how to fly the escape manoeuvre itself. ✈
lot’s mental energy is required for the tronic mountain” from the instructor
achievement of the manoeuvre itself. panel, at a selected point ahead of the
SOLUTIONS
TO REDUCE BACKLASH
Several cases of excessive play within the spherical
bearings of the elevator servo control, due to premature wear
of the Teflon liners, were discovered during inspections
following reports of in flight airframe vibrations.
This condition has now been eliminated thanks to higher
performance NMB bearings, introduced on the elevator
servo-controls through the LUCAS Service Bulletin 31075-
27-17 and Airbus Service Bulletin A320-27-1111. This
modification incorporates an additive in the existing liner,
and chromium and super finishing of the inner ball to reduce
the wear rate and friction coefficient. Also the maximum
acceptable value for backlash, measured at the elevator
trailing edge has been reduced from 10mm to 7mm, as
described in the AMM.
TO INCREASE HINGE MOMENT
The Airbus Service Bulletin A320-27-1114 describes the resetting of the
elevator neutral position to 0.5 degree (aircraft) nose up. Accomplishment of
this modification ensures that the elevators are aerodynamically loaded in an
appropriate manner in order to eliminate vibration, even during flight in
turbulent conditions.
Those changes have no effect on aircraft performance and there is no
change in the handling characteristics of the aircraft, nor is there any penalty
in fuel consumption. This modification has been developed to fit easily into the
maintenance program.
To perform the revised elevator rigging, a new elevator rigging tool,
developed by Airbus Industrie, enables the new neutral position to be
determined. It is highly recommended that this new tool be used, as it allows
more accurate rigging through a simplified procedure. Nevertheless, the
Elevator rigging tool (developed by Airbus Industrie) elevators can also be set using the previous tool which was developed
originally to set the elevators to a 0 degree position.
Therefore the Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) procedure now
describes how to set the elevators to the 0.5 degree using the original tool or
the new tool.
ADVANTAGES
As a preventive measure, these modifications will:
● improve the fleet reliability due to the new elevator servo spherical bearings and revised elevator rigging,
by Sonia Bouchardie, Engineer Flight Control Systems, Customer Services, Airbus Industrie ● improve passenger and crew comfort by removing the causes of vibration,
● reduce maintenance costs.
CONCLUSION
F ollowing reports of in-flight vibrations on the A320 Family, an intensive flight test
campaign was launched by Airbus Industrie to determine the different sources of elevator
The extensive work performed by the Airframe Vibration Task Force led to conclusions for eliminating airframe vibration
which have since been proven in service. The effectiveness of these modifications has been clearly demonstrated through
the positive feedback from the Operators. Therefore as a preventive measure, the incorporation of the Service Bulletins are
highly recommended by Airbus Industrie. ✈
vibrations. They are described in the Trouble Shooting Manual (TSM) Chapter 05-50-00,
and each possible cause is associated with corresponding trouble shooting procedures. REFERENCES
The TSM also provides a recording sheet to help operators establish the cause of vibration. • TSM Task 05-50-00, “In-flight airframe vibration”
The main source is the elevator system, which accounts for more than 70% of all • AMM Task 27-34-00-200-001 “Check of the elevator servo controls and hinge bearings for too much play, and condition”
• Video Tape “A320 Family elevator rigging”
vibrations. Further to the flight test campaign, it was revealed that the phenomenon was in The Part Numbers are: New Elevator Rigging Tool, 98D27309006000 / Previous Elevator Rigging Tool, 98D27309002000
fact a Limit Cycle Oscillation (LCO) which is a sustained vibration at a fixed frequency To order the new Elevator Rigging Tool, please contact AIRBUS INDUSTRIE, Materiel Support Center
with limited amplitude and having no impact on flight safety. Tel: +49 (40) 50 76 0 - Fax: +49 (40) 50 31 68
For further information or to receive a copy of the video tape please contact:
This article describes how to avoid elevator vibration through the incorporation of a Airbus Industrie Customer Services AI/SE-E52 - Flight Control Systems - Sonia Bouchardie
modification on the spherical bearing of the elevator servo control and a new elevator 1, rond-point Maurice Bellonte - 31707 BLAGNAC Cedex FRANCE Tel: +33 (0) 5 61 93 22 33 Fax: +33 (0) 5 61 93 44 25
setting.
11 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 38 49 52 53 55 56 57
Fleet for the A320, A319 and a non-common
ATA chapters
aircraft of similar size. Similar com-
monality savings are evident with the
A321 and the long-range A340/A330
Figure 6 family as can be seen in the similarity function, the FMGC and the FAC. With Figure 9
COMPARISON OF SPARES INVESTMENT between Figures 6 and 7. the introduction of the A330/A340 the
functions of these LRUs were further EVOLUTION AND INTEGRATION OF AFS COMPUTERS
Non common fleet
A320 only RELIABILITY integrated into one unit, the Flight
Spares investment (US$m) Management Guidance and Envelope
Combined A320/A319 Non
45 Along with the initial provisioning and Computer (FMGEC). The impact on re- fly-by-wire
40 Initial “in service” savings achievable liability and spares provisioning cost of generation FAC FCC
35 A320 build up through commonality there are the this leap from non-FBW to FBW air- aircraft
to 10 a/c fleet spares savings that Airbus Industrie craft will be examined.
30 has sought to make through continu- To examine the impact that systems
25 ous improvement and integration of integration has had upon spares provi- TCC FMC
20 The commonality aircraft systems. sioning it is necessary to consider the
dividend As we have already seen LRUs are reliability (mean time between un-
15
the most expensive materiel category scheduled removals - MTBUR) of the
10
within an initial provisioning recom- LRUs and, of course, their cost to the A320
5 mendation. Of the ATA chapters, chap- customer. There have been certain
0 ter 22 “Auto Flight” generates the high- trends which have been evident in the FAC FMGC
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 est spares investment for an Airbus development of FBW technology:
Fleet development aircraft representing 14% of the total ● As can be seen in Figure 9, the
investment (Figure 8). number of units required to fulfill the
For the A320, ATA chapter 22 con- Automated Flight System function has
sists of only five LRU part numbers re- been reduced simplifying maintenance A330/340
Figure 7
flecting the continuous integration of and spares holding costs. 2
COMMONALITY SAVINGS: ADDING A330-300S TO A FLEET OF 10 A340S functions into single boxes. It is there- ● Generally the reliability (MTBUR) FMGEC
1
Investment saved (US$m) Percentage investment saved fore an appropriate area to focus upon: of the individual LRUs has remained
within this ATA chapter a significant fairly constant.
10 60% improvement has taken place in inte- ● Individual LRU prices have in-
grating the computers performing the creased have done by using the following calcu-
50% Automated Flight System (AFS) func- The savings attained as a result of lation where Nu = number of units (see
8
tion. combining these factors must be calcu- formula below).
40% Looking at the Figure 9, the AFS lated by considering the Automated Applying this formula the impact of
6 computers in a typical non ‘fly-by- Flight System as one system. It is there- FBW integration is readily apparent.
30% wire’ generation aircraft consists of the fore necessary to calculate the reliabil- Although the individual LRU MTBURs
Flight Control Computer (FCC), the ity of the system as a whole. This we have remained relatively steady.
4
Flight Augmentation Computer (FAC),
20%
the Thrust Control Computer (TCC)
2 and Flight Management Computer 1
10% (FMC) or equivalent. For the A320, the ∑ (Nu A/MTBUR A + Nu B/MTBUR B + Nu C/MTBUR C....) *
first full ‘fly-by-wire’ (FBW) aircraft
0 0% the functions of the FCC, TCC and * For spares provisioning purposes the AFS components above are considered
FMC were integrated into a single
10+10
10+15
10+20
10+25
10+30
10+35
10+40
10+45
10+50
LRU, the Flight Management Guidance is taken off the aircraft to be tested or repaired regardless of whether the sys-
Fleet
Computer (FMGC) leaving the A320 tem remains functional.
with two LRUs performing the AFS
Figure 10
AFS MTBUR COMPARED TO INDIVIDUAL LRU MTBUR
COMBINING ENVIRONMENT
Relative MTBUR value
400
AFS MTBUR
364
PROTECTION AND
350
300
WINDSHIELD RAIN PROTECTION
by François Poveda
250
200 190
ON AIRBUS AIRCRAFT
Engineer Fire, Ice and Rain Protection
Customer Services Engineering
150 Airbus Industrie
100
100
50
0
Non FBW a/c FCC FAC TCC FMC A320 FAC FMGC A340 FMGEC
LRU MTBUR
0
The AFS fitted to the A320 is four
times, and the A340 seven times, more
cost effective than the pre-FBW aircraft
and as fleet size increases this effect be-
around time.
Airbus Industrie now guarantees a
maximum of 15 calendar days repair
time for its proprietary parts. This is
W indshield rain protection provides
the flight crew with a clear vision through
comes more pronounced. backed up by a forward exchange at no the aircraft windshield when rain is
additional cost should the repair time
PUNCTUALITY exceed this guarantee. The operator in encountered. The “ Rainboe ” rain
this case is then only invoiced for the repellent fluid, originally used on Airbus
The turnaround time for rotable and re- repair charges and not the exchange
pairable spares is a combination of the fee. This significantly reduces the level aircraft in addition to the basic windshield
transit time and the repair processing of inventory which needs to be stored wiper system, has been phased out as
time. to cover those “just-in-case” situations
and moves away from the current part of the worldwide effort to protect the
The transit time industry ‘standard’ of guaranteeing av- Ozone layer. Airbus Industrie has been
The transit time is dependent on the erage repair times.
actively working on alternative solutions
CONCLUSION
and is now in a position to provide the
operators with a choice of environmentally
Airbus Industrie is able to demonstrate that its aircraft families share large commonality in aircraft spares, enabling opera- friendly rain repellent fluid or windshield
tors to reduce their operating costs. This has been achieved through aircraft design with maintenance in mind. Further, the
fly-by-wire technology has lent itself to improving commonality by integrating the Automated Flight System Computers hydrophobic coating. This combines
into a reduced number of LRUs, which share high commonality and reliability within the family groups. So, when it comes maximum windshield rain protection with
to aircraft spare parts, Airbus Industrie is glad to be called common, reliable and punctual. ✈ safe guards for the environment.
SLOW
Figure 2
WINDSHIELD RAIN PROTECTION COCKPIT CONTROLS FAST
NEW RAIN REPELLENT bench testing and flight testing WINDSHIELD life and needs to be reapplied on a regu-
FLUID FREE OF CFC (Figure 4). The fluid bottle can be in- HYDROPHOBIC COATINGS lar basis.
stalled on the aircraft with only minor - AN ALTERNATIVE - Airbus Service Information Letter
modification of the existing rain repel- 30-024, issued in July 1997, provides
A new rain repellent fluid has been suc- lent system. For those operators wishing to leave the procurement and material information
cessfully developed. The product com- Airbus Industrie is now preparing the rain repellent system deactivated, related to the coating, as well as recom-
plies with all the existing regulations introduction of the new fluid in produc- Airbus Industrie has also formally ap- mendations for application and servic-
for the protection of the environment. tion. Service Bulletins allow reactiva- proved the use of the PPG Industries ing. The content of this SIL is being in-
Laboratory testing has confirmed its tion of the rain repellent system and in- “Surface Seal” windshield hydrophobic corporated in the Aircraft Maintenance
compliance with the existing toxicity stallation of the fluid bottle on aircraft coating on all Airbus aircraft types Manual, Maintenance Planning docu-
requirements and its compatibility with in service (Figure 5). The coating, which can be used with- ment, Consumable Materials List and
the surrounding materials on Airbus The rain repellent fluid bottle is sup- out restriction on all types of wind- Tool and Equipment Manual in accor-
aircraft (windshield, structure, paint). plied by Le Bozec Filtration and shields available on Airbus aircraft, dance with the normal revision plan-
The excellent rain repellent charac- Systems (LBFS). Refer to the Table on consists of a treatment applied on the ning set for each document and aircraft
teristics of the fluid and its endurance the preceding page for the applicable windshield outer surface in a liquid type.
have been demonstrated by extensive Service Bulletins and Mod references. form. It dries out to provide rain repel- Airbus Industrie is closely monitor-
lent characteristics similar to those of ing the development of other wind-
the fluid. shield hydrophobic coatings, which will
The coating does not contain CFC also be incorporated in the SIL and in
Figure 4 Figure 5 the aircraft documentation if their per-
and is therefore not subjected to the re-
CFC-FREE RAIN REPELLENT FLUID - ENDURANCE TESTING CFC-FREE RAIN REPELLENT FLUID quirements of the Montreal protocol. formance is found to be satisfactory on
HEAVY RAIN BOTTLE REPLACEMENT The treatment has a limited service Airbus aircraft.
No rain repellent
EFFECT OF RAIN REPELLENT OR HYDROPHOBIC COATING ON WATER DROPLET / WINDSHIELD CONTACT ANGLE
BEFORE APPLICATION AFTER APPLICATION
After 2 minutes
CONCLUSION
The commitments of Airbus Industrie on the subject of windshield rain protection were twofold:
● To comply with the requirements of the Montreal Protocol on Ozone depleting substances.
After 10 minutes ● To provide Airbus operators with an alternative form of windshield rain protection, in addition to the basic wiper system.
These commitments are today achieved with the removal of the ‘Rainboe’ fluid from the Airbus aircraft and with the
availability of two alternative forms of windshield rain protection for use on all Airbus aircraft types:
● A new rain repellent fluid,
● A windshield hydrophobic coating.
The needs of Airbus operators regarding windshield rain protection vary a lot, depending on local weather conditions,
habits, operational and maintenance procedures.
Airbus Industrie strongly believes that the choice of fluid or coating now available provides the best response to these dif-
Before After ferent needs. ✈
A
irbus Industrie endeavours to ● Aircraft Wiring Manual (AWM),
supply all Airbus Operators ● Aircraft Wiring List (AWL)
with Technical Publications ● Illustrated Parts Catalog (IPC).
that accurately reflect the configuration Note: All affected non-customised
of their aircraft. However, in order to manuals are systematically revised with
do this the Operators must supply SB data after SB release (no Operator
Airbus Industrie with the relevant data input is required).
on Service Bulletins (SB) selected for, The original information i.e. PRE SB
and implemented on the aircraft in a data, remains valid but, in addition, the
timely manner, since the Operators are POST SB data is included and dual
the sole source of such information. configuration is shown, i.e. PRE and
POST service bulletin configuration.
SERVICE BULLETIN
REPORTING
Figure 1
During aircraft final assembly, for each SB ACCEPTANCE/REJECTION SHEET
piece of equipment installed in the air-
craft the relevant data is directly incor-
porated into the Technical Publications.
In this case, the Airbus Industrie inter-
nal process is smooth, as the source of
the data is controlled by Airbus
by Claire Harel. Industrie production system.
Group Manager Configuration Control Once the aircraft has been in service,
Technical Data and Documentation the aircraft is regularly inspected, re-
Customer Services paired and upgraded by the incorpora-
Airbus Industrie tion of SBs. The Technical Publications
should evolve with the aircraft, reflect-
ing the changes that the aircraft under-
goes throughout its service life. To en-
S ERVICE BULLETIN
able this to happen, Operators should
systematically report SB selection and
accomplishment to Airbus Industrie.
These changes can only be reflected in
1st step:
SB selection
POST SB SOLUTION
5B - PRE & POST SB SOLUTION ON AFFECTED IPC Figure 5B highlights the part number
5908974-16 and associated information
to be deleted from the IPC figure when
SB A340-24-4015 has been installed on
aircraft 0401 to 0405.
▼
reporting, as obsolete PRE SB data is of a typical SB list, including the These two steps of the reporting process are absolutely vital if the
removed from the manuals leaving the Operator’s Engineering Order (EO). Technical Publications are to be correctly updated. Regular reporting
relevant POST SB information. This The left column gives the SB incorpo- of SBs that have been selected by the Operators for embodiment is the
also results in more user-friendly manu- ration code: ‘S’ means split (or dual) first and basic stage and should always be completed by reports of
als and can help avoid any confusion configuration (PRE and POST) while their accomplishment.
when ordering spares and carrying out ‘C’ indicates the complete (final) con- All reports should be sent to Airbus Industrie Customer Services
maintenance tasks. figuration (POST). Directorate Technical Data and Documentation AI/SE-D32
An overall view of SB application/ On the Operator’s request, it is possi- 1, rond-point Maurice Bellonte - 31707 Blagnac Cedex France
incorporation is available in the SB list ble to show the Operator’s internal EO Fax: +33 (0)5 61 93 28 06
of each maintenance manual. number that is associated with the SB.
Figure 7
SB STATUS LIST
CONCLUSION
Methods of SB reporting will improve as time goes on, and reduce the Operators’ workload. On-line access to the
Technical Publications database will become available with SPOC (Single Point of Contact). Another reporting process us-
ing bar codes could also be introduced. A project is under evaluation to record bar codes on the SB kits, Line Replaceable
Units (LRU)s, and Airbus Industrie proprietary parts. This system of recording could not only trace the repair of any spe-
cific piece of equipment but it could also make it possible to easily and safely monitor the changes carried out on each air-
craft.
This could also lead to individual aircraft ‘identity cards’. The service Airbus Industrie offers its clients would then be
improved by a more direct source of information and shorter lead-time for incorporation of the relevant information into the
Technical Publications.
Please remember that the data you expect from Airbus Industrie can only be as good as the configuration information Lieutenan
tS
provided by you. ✈ the World tainforth having w
Speed Re on
in a Supe co
rmarine S rd in 1931
6-B.
RESIDENT
CUSTOMER
SUPPORT
REPRESENTATION
USA / CANADA
Thierry van der Heyden, Vice President Customer Services
Telephone: +1 .703. 834 3484 / Telefax:+1 .703. 834 3464
CHINA
Emmanuel Peraud, Director Customer Services
Telephone: +86 .10. 6456 7720 / Telefax: +86 .10. 6456 76942 /3 /4
GENERAL ADMINISTRATION
Jean-Paul Gayral, Resident Customer Representation Administration Director
Telephone: +33 (0) 5 61 93 38 79 / Telefax:+33 (0) 5 61 93 49 64
32 FAST / NUMBER 23
Cover / backcover 17/09/1998 11:12 Page 4
FAST / NUMBER 23 33
Cover / backcover 17/09/1998 11:06 Page 1
based on mutual trust. Many have an airline background, which means they’re at home with
your operation and aircraft. In fact, whatever you require, you can be sure our Resident Customer Support
Managers are all ears. Airbus Customer Services. Dedicated to meet your requirements. AIRBUS
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