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Assignment

NFC IEFR FAISALABAD

POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
ASSIGNMENT NO 2

Submitted to:
Sir Junaid Alvi

Submitted By:
16-ELE-24

Registration No:

2016-UET-IEFR/FD-ELECT-23
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Assignment

Chapter No 7

Overload
Summary
For this relay the current setting can be less than the generator's rated current, but the relay does
not operate until the fault decreases the voltage. One hazard of all the relays relying on voltage is
the machine's inadvertent voltage loss and consequently incorrect trip. Currently, digital motor
safety relays are widely used to resolve defects in solid-state or electromechanical designs that
use current as a temperature signal or a thermal replica circuit that does not have the mass
needed to recreate a motor's thermal inertia. It is difficult to use an over current relay alone,
because the synchronous impedance of the generator restricts the fault current of sustained faults
to about the same or less than the maximum or average load current. Typical synchronous
impedance for the three-phase 60Hz generator varies between 0.95 and 1.45 per unit. Using the
unit in Example 7.1, this would result in a continuous fault current between 3211 and 4901A;
this is not sufficient to distinguish between a fault and a full 4656A charge. A voltage-controlled
over current relay or an impedance relay can be used to solve this issue. For this relay the current
setting can be less than the generator's rated current, but the relay does not operate until the fault
decreases the voltage. One hazard of all the relays relying on voltage is the machine's inadvertent
voltage loss and consequently incorrect trip. It should be known and appropriate care should be
taken by good design and sufficient tension supply maintenance.

The National Electric Code requires that an overload protection device be used in each phase of
an engine "unless protected by other approved means." This requirement is necessary because
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single-phase (opening one supply lead) in the primary of a delta–w ye transformer that supplies
an engine will produce three-phase motor currents in a 2:1:1 relationship. Depending on the

design of the motor and the impedance of the supply system, stator currents can typically range
from 3 to 7 or more times full load value if the motor does not accelerate. Since motors can stand
high current for a short time while starting, some time delay must be incorporated into the
current-sensing device, or provision must be made to make sense of both motor winding
temperatures and line current magnitude.

Continue on next page.

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Q.2 Solved Examples
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