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02 PropaneRefrigerationLoop PDF
02 PropaneRefrigerationLoop PDF
Workshop
Refrigeration systems are commonly found in the natural gas
processing industry and in processes related to the petroleum refining,
petrochemical, and chemical industries. Refrigeration is used to cool
gas to meet a hydrocarbon dewpoint specification and to produce a
marketable liquid.
In this module you will construct, run, analyze, and manipulate a
propane refrigeration loop simulation. You will convert the completed
simulation to a template, making it available to connect to other
simulations.
Learning Objectives
Once you have completed this module, you will be able to:
• Add and connect operations to build a flowsheet
• Use the graphical interface to manipulate flowsheets in
HYSYS
• Understand forward-backward information propagation in
HYSYS
• Convert simulation cases to templates
Prerequisites
Before beginning this module, you need to know how to:
• Define a fluid package
• Define streams
• Navigate the Workbook interface
Process Overview
Installing a Stream
There are several ways to create streams. (For a complete description,
see the previous module.)
• Press F11. The Stream property view appears.
Or
• Double-click the Stream icon in the Object Palette.
Defining Necessary Streams
Add a stream with the following values:
In this cell... Enter...
Name 1
Vapor Fraction 0.0
Temperature 50°C (120°F)
Composition C3 - 100%
Adding a Chiller
The Chiller operation in the propane loop is modeled in HYSYS using
a Heater operation. The outlet of the Chiller will be at its dewpoint.
To add a heater:
1. Open the Workbook and click the Unit Ops tab.
2. Click the Add UnitOp button. The UnitOps view appears.
3. Select Heat Transfer Equipment from the Categories group.
4. Select Heater from the Available Unit Operations list as shown
below.
Adding a Compressor
The Compressor operation is used to increase the pressure of an inlet
gas stream.
To add a compressor:
1. Press F4. The Object Palette appears.
2. Double-click the Compressor icon on the Object Palette. The
Compressor property view appears.
1. Press and hold the CTRL key and pass the cursor over the operation.
2. Place the cursor over the stream you want to connect.
CTRL key 3. Press and hold the left mouse button.
4. Move the cursor to the operation icon and release the mouse button and the
CTRL key.
PFD
Unit Operations
Streams
(Depending on where on the stream
you click, either of these two menus
will appear. To see the long menu,
right-click on the stream icon. To
see the short menu, right-click on
the stream line.)
Workbook Tables
Text Annotations
2. Click the Create button to add a new report. The Report Builder
view appears as shown below.
Double-clicking a title
with a “+” sign will open
an expanded menu.
Advanced Modeling
One of the key design aspects of HYSYS is how Modular Operations
are combined with a Non-Sequential solution algorithm. Not only is
information processed as you supply it, but the results of any
calculation are automatically propagated throughout the flowsheet,
both forwards and backwards. The modular structure of the operations
means that they can calculate in either direction, using information in
an outlet stream to calculate inlet conditions. This design aspect is
illustrated using the Propane Refrigeration Loop.
In addition, HYSYS uses the specified heater duty and the intensive
enthalpy of streams 2 and 3 to calculate the flowrate, which is then
passed on to streams 1, 2 and 3.
Next, the Compressor is added to the simulation. Since all of the inlet
information is known, the compressor has only 2 degrees of freedom
remaining. Parameters such as Efficiency, Duty, or Outlet Pressure can
satisfy one degree of freedom. The second degree of freedom comes
from the Condenser.
The Condenser connects the Compressor outlet to the Valve inlet
(which is completely defined). The user supplies the Condenser
pressure drop, and HYSYS calculates the inlet pressure, which is also
the Compressor outlet pressure (the second degree of freedom for the
Compressor).
The Chiller Gas Flow meter has finally been calibrated and you can
determine the chiller duty. It has been decided to increase the chiller
duty to 1.5 MMBTU/hr.
With the compressor running at the same horsepower (225 hp), what is the best chiller
outlet temperature you can achieve (and thus maximize cooling for the process) while still
running the compressor at a reasonable operating point?
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What effect, if any, does this new composition have on the refrigeration loop?
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