BRIDGE & STRUCTURES
RESEARCH, DESIGN & DEVEPLOPMENT
SOME RECENT ACHIEVEMENTS
New Initiatives in Design and Fabrication
Revision of Railway Codes for Seismic
Design of Railway Bridges
+ The existing Design provisions of Bridge
Rule for Seismic Design of Railway Bridge
% Design of 91.44m span has been standardized. are Obsolete as these were based on
“Bow string gitders for NHAI drawings of 42m 1S:1893-1984 which has been completely
‘span bow string ROBs have been issued for revised with new design philosophy in Year
‘one way twolane. 2002, The Seismic design methods have
+ Design of 60m Bow Arch Bridge for NHAI one ‘also advanced all over the world.
way two lane isin progress. 4 Based upon new IS Codes and prevailing
+ Design of 72m Bow Arch girder has been latest international practices, IITK-RDSO
completed.
On-Going Research Projects
ey i371
Review of Fi
Railway Bridges
4 The Fatigue Criteria for design of Railway
Brides was revised vide correction slip no in
the June, 2012
‘ The Implication of the revised Fatigue
criteria has been a large and somewhat
unjustified increase in the sectional area in
some members. This necessitates a
Review of the Design Criteria for Fatigue.
4 The increase in the section from old to new
fatigue criteria is up to 150% in the
Diagonals etc resulting in large increase in
Steel Weight.
ia for Design of
Guideline were issued in Nov-2010. The
New methodology suggested takes into
account the Flexibility of the structures in
calculating design Seismic Forces and it
also takes into account the Duetilty factor of
the bridge in absorbing and sustaining
Earthquake forces by going into inelastic
range
+ Certain issues were pointed out regarding
these guidelines, especially related
Response reduction factor and Live Load
factors. This matter was discussed in 82nd
BSC jin 2014, The issues have been
‘examined and revised RDSO guidelines for
seismic design of bridges have been issued
in January 2015.
+ The correction slips to Bridge Rules and
‘Most ofthe problems in the Railway bridges (RSW CaRaereNE SeeN once eM Unter
have been found in the Fatigue failures of
preparation
Stringer! Rail Bearers where the increased _
section isjustited % The matter was discussed in 83° BSC
+ The reasons for this change has been es ee atoe ipa rer a
identified as follows
i. Use of complete stress cycle for
members like diagonals.
correction slips are to be proposed by B&S.
dte.
On-Going Important Design Projects
ii. Use of full impact factor for fatigue = Design of 106.6 m Span Open Web Girder
design (In Euro codes, 50% of impact + 106.6 m span open web girder is required
factor is used). forimportant bridges.
ili, Use of rivets which have low fatigue % Design work has been taken up in hand
strength. (This problem has been + Steel proposed is E350 B0, with double-
solved by using HSFG bolts). diamond type truss.
‘Matter was discussed in 83" BSC and as = Design of 30.5 m Span Ballasted Deck
per discussions, the revision will be done by
RDSO and presented during the next BSC
meeting.
Through Type Girders
+ The through girder drawings are all with
steel channel sleepers.
= a
TRDS eS Aeli ele ee oy
*
+
For better riding and for permitting laying of
LWR on bridge, ballasted deckis preferred.
Design of 30.5 m span with RCC deck over
stringers has been taken in hand.
Design of Bow-String Girders for Revised
Lane width ROBs
°
Design of Bow string girders for revised
lane width is required as per IRC
guidelines.
The work is held up because there is no
‘AEN/XEN forthe same.
Design of ROBs for Revised Lane
Configurations
*
°
The lane widths have been revised by
MOST for different locations of ridges.
‘All existing designs need to be checked and
revised forthese.
Design work has been taken up and likely to
be completed by 30.09.2016,
Drawings will then be required to be
prepared for different spans.
Progress of On-Going Research Projects
(External)
Development of Railway Bridge Health
Monitoring System with Wireless Sensor
Network
*
*
BENEFITS EXPECTED
> The use of wireless sensors reduces
the losses associated with the wires
such as thermal effects, drop in
voltage etc,
> Setting up of test is very fast and
convenient
> — Long term monitoring of bridges can
be done.
SALIENT FEATURES
> Category ofproject — Artificial
Inteligence
> Sanctionedcost — Rs. 187.02 lakhs.
> ExecutiveAgency - Centerfor
Railway Research
(IIT Kharagpur)
> Exp. Upto Mar, 2016 — Rs. 181.02 lakhs
> Budget Grant — Rs.2.09 lakhs
> Exp. In Current Year — NIL
OBJECTIVES/DELIVERABLES
> Extensive literature survey to find out
state of art system of Wireless Sensors
suitable for Indian Railways.
> Development of energy efficient and
secure topology design to reduce
battery consumption & pilferage.
Developing numerical models for four
Representative Standard Span for
Railway Bridges,
> Analysis of Superstructure & Sub-
structure to find the locations for placing
the sensors
Design of Wireless Sensor Network for
Bridge Health Monitoring,
> Investigation for use of suitable Wireless
Sensors for Flood Water Level
monitoring,
> Testing of Sensors on a model through
simulation.
> Training of25 Railway Engineers.
STATUS
> Literature Survey Completed.
> Sensors and base stations procured for
wireless network
> Water level sensor procured and initial
testing done on Bridge No 57 in SE
Railway.
Instrumentation testing completed on
one bridge in SE Railway to check the
arrangement proposed.
> Numerical models prepared for four
types of girders, viz Plate girder, open
web girder, PSC Box and PSC girders
> Design of 12m Span Model Bridge for
outdoor experiments finalized & same to
be fabricated
> Final Report on Flood Water Monitoring
‘System has been submitted to RDSO on
21-02-2016
> Some sensors and wireless data
collection system is being tested
Testing of sensors also done on Br No.
168 UP. Validation of Numerical Model,
fine tuning of system under progress.
> Draft final Report on ‘Numerical
Modeling of Railway Bridges” has been
submitted by IITIKGP for scrutiny of
RDSO on 30-4-2016.After Scrutiny by
RDSO the shortcomings in report has
been advisedto IITIKGP on 19.05.2016.
> On receipt of Second Draft Final Report
on 14-07-2016, shortcomings again
advised vide RDSO letter dated 19-07-
v
v
vBRIDGE & STRUCTURES:
2016. Final report from lIT/KGP and
validation of whole system on Bridge
168 Upisstill pending,
> Request for expediting the project done
0n21.07,2016.
Prof /Civil Engg. With SRA had meeting
in RDSO on ist & 2nd August/2016 for
detailed discussion and assured to
‘complete the project atthe earliest
> Draft final Report on “Numerical
Modeling of Railway Bridges” has been
submitted by IITIKGP for scrutiny of
RDSO on 30.4.16. After Scrutiny by
RDSO the shortcomings in report has
been advised to IIT/IKGP on 19.05.16,
v
™ Development of Criteria for Dynamic
Analysis of Steel Railway Bridges
°
*
ey i371
BENEFITS EXPECTED
> Optimization and extension of impact
values to be considered in bridge design
for speeds upto which dynamic analysis
is not required (~ 200 KMPH). The
existing codal values are for 125/160
KMPH only,
> Criteria for dynamic analysis of bridges
for higher speeds (Upto 350 KMPH)
where CDAvalues cannotbe used.
SALIENT FEATURES
> Sanctionedcost - Rs. 43,22,640.00
> Yearofsanction - 2012-13, DF-3,
PH-18
> Agency - IITRoorkee
> MOUDate = 09.10.2012
> Expendituretill - Rs40.01 Lakhs.
31.03.2016
> BudgetGrant = Rs 1.12 Lakhs,
15-16
> Expenditurein = Nil
currentyear
OBJECTIVE / DELIVERABLES
» Dynamic Analysis of all types of Girder
and Truss bridges including
Comparisons of Dynamic analysis with
CDA based normal analysis, for
Passenger speeds 160 Kmph to 300
Kmph and Freight 125 Kmph to 150
Kmph for MBG, HM, 25 t and 32.5 t
loading.
> Procedure (step by step) to conduct
Dynamic analysis.
> Draft Provisions for Bridge Rules/ Stee!
Bridge Code along with design
implications.
‘+ CURRENTSTATUS
> Results of Dead Load and Free vibration
analysis completed for all Plate Girder
and Truss Bridges.
> Dynamic analysis for all Plate Girder
Bridges completed (including case with
CDA).
> Dynamic analysis of OWG completed.
> IIT Roorkee has informed that all
analysis work has been completed and
report preparation work is going on.
Development of Provision for Design of
Steel Concrete Composite Railway Bridges
for Normal Speed ad Special Provisions for
High Speed Passenger Traffic
‘+ EXPECTED BENEFITS
> Code for design of steel-concrete
composite girders will be developed,
benchmarking the same with other
international codes.
> Shear connectors will be tested to verity
their strength in static and dynamic
conditions.
Methodology for design of continuous
composite girders for high speed train
operations will be finalized.
> Existing steel bridge code will be
converted to limits state to make itin tine
with the concrete bridge code which is
already inlimitstate
% SALIENTFEATURES
> Sanctionedcost - Rs. 118.95 lakhs
> ExecutiveAgency— Centre for Railway
v
Research (IIT
Kharagpur).
> Exp.UptoMar,2016 — Rs. 78.55 lakhs.
> BudgetGrant — Rs. 3.48 lakhs.
2015-16
> Expenditurein — Nil
current year
OBJECTIVESIDELIVERABLES
> Report on analysis and design of
Composite Bridge girders for normal
speed (up to 160 kmph) in phase-1 and
special provisions for high speed
Passenger Traffic in phase-2 (up to 350
kmph). The report will contain the design
= a
TRDS eS Aeli ele ee oy
basis and the present analysis
methodology followed in different
‘countries.
> Report of test results for shear
‘connector, if required to be done during
development of design provisions.
» Design recommendations (with
commentary on provisions) for existing
railway loads and speed in phase-1 (up
t0160kmph),
> Design recommendations (with
commentary on provisions) for high
speed (up to 350 kmph) including
continuous spans.
> Assessment of existing composite
bridge girders for high speed passenger
trains (beyond 160 kmph).
> Design of 2-3 typical spans jointly
selected by RDSO and IT, Kharagpur.
CURRENT STATUS
> Technology Appreciation and Literature
Survey has been completed.
> Preliminary report on design basis
including analysis methodology for
Phase-1 (up to 160 kmph) submitted.
> A report has been submitted in July
2016.
> Furtherworkis going on.
= Evaluation and Management of
Longitudinal
Force on Substructure of
Railway Bridges
*
*
EXPECTED BENEFITS
> Measurement of longitudinal forces on
sub structure will be done forthe rolling
stock and track structure currently in
Use, The formula for longitudinal forces
tobe taken in design will be rationalised
Wverified
> Actual dispersion of longitudinal forces
will be verified through measurements
> Methods for retrofitment of existing old
bridges for the higher longitudinal forces
like Shock Transmission Units (STUs)
willbe suggested and tested in field.
SALIENT FEATURES
> Sanctionedcost. — Rs. 784.43 lakhs.
> ExecutiveAgency- SERC, Chennai
(under CSIR).
> Exp. Upto Mar, — Nil
2016
> BudgetGrant — Rs, 126,00 lakhs.
2015-46
> Expendituretill — Nil
OBJECTIVES/DELIVERABLES
> Evaluation, analytically as well as
experimentally, the longitudinal force
‘coming on the sub-structure of Railway
Bridges.
> Formulation of guidelines for design
provisions regarding longitudinal loads
on steel and pre stressed concrete
bridges.
> Review and evaluation of suitable
methodologies/techniques for
mitigation oflongitudinal forces.
> Training of 30 nos RDSO/ Indian
Railways Officials and Engineers for
evaluation of longitudinal force on
bridges sub-structure and its mitigation.
CURRENT STATUS.
> The agreement signed by SERC is
under evaluation by Project Evaluation
Committee
> The proceedings are likely to be
finalized in current week.
> Thenthe PEC proceedings will be putup
to DG RDSO and Railway Board for
further approvals.
Details of Training Conducted
One week training of SSE(D)s as part of
IRICEN course being conducted by B & S dte at
RDSO regularly.
One week training in MIDAS design software
was conducted for RDSO's designers (Two
Rounds).
One week training in Complete Structural
Testing System (CSTS) given to 41 engineers
from 8 zonal railways.
One week training in NDT was conducted
through SERC, Chennai. RDSO's laboratory
staffattended the same.
For the first time, conducted one week training
course at RDSO for 29 Bridge Design
engineersas part of IRICEN's regular course.
One Day interactive session with SSE/Bridges
on “Practices adopted in Maintenance of
Bridges Over indian Railways” was organized
for improvement of bridge management
system.
Conducted 2 days familiarization training inBRIDGE & STRUCTURES:
software "LUSAS BRIDGE PLUS" which was BOGIBEEL RAIL-CUM-ROAD BRIDGE
attended by RDSO offcials in March, 2014.
Conducted successfully 4 days training on Rail
Structure Interaction using the software
*LUSAS BRIDGE PLUS’ which was attended
by 12 railway officials and 20 RDSO officals in
May, 2014.
Two days training to RDSO officials on Rail
Structure Interaction conducted in July, 2014.
= 4 Days training for officers & supervisors on
bride girder fabrication and erection work
including fabrication of ROBs and elastomeric
bearing was organized in Aug & Sep, 2014.
Details of Non-Destructive Testing Done
= Non-destructive Testing done in four bridges
(Bridge Nos 557, 17, 18 and 19) constructed by
RVNL near Bhubaneswar in ECoR and reports
submitted forfurtheraction
= Report on Non-destructive testing of Bridge
No.325 near Titlagarh, Sambalpur Division,
East Coast Railway
m= Non destructive testing of retaining wall of RUB
at RDSO, Manak Nagar, Lucknow
1 __Reporton Non-destructive testing of Br, No, 332
near Balasore, Kharagpur Dvision, South
Eastern Raitway.
Details of Consultancy Assistance to
Railways
Consultancy rendered to N C Rly regarding Chambal
bridge in Gwalior - Etawah section which had
developed cracks in pier P6. Two rounds of ND testing
and one round of instrumentation studies have been
completed and reports given toNCR.
Details of Other Recent Activities of
Directorate
Inspection of 23350 t of fabricated steel! work of
triangulated and welded plate girder bridges
has been completed in 2016-17 as against
target of 180001. This is exclusive of the two
national important bridges i.e, Bogibeel, and
Chenab.
Total no. of 15 speed certificates were
vettedlissued from bridge point of view and 8
trial reports have been vetted
= Four girders of 125m span Rail cum Road
bridge over Brahmputra at Bogibeel (a national
importance project) have been inspected and
cleared for launching in 2016-17, making the
cumulative total of 30 spans.
ON RIVER BRAHMAPUTRA (FIRST
FULLY WELDED BRIDGE OF
RAILWAYS)
Total length: 4.940m
Spans: 39spans of 125m
Location: Dibrugarh district, Assam, India
Carries: Railway and Road vehicles
Bridge Type: Truss Type, Rail Cum Road
Bridge
Materials: Steel, Concrete
Bearings: Spherical Bearings
It is a combined Rail-Cum-Road Truss
Bridge in Dibrugarh district at Bogibeel of
the north eastern Indian state of Assam
over river Brahmaputra connecting Assam
and Arunachal Pradesh border.
‘Superstructure of this bridge is composite
Welded steel truss and reinforced concrete.
It is designed to carry a double line broad
gauge railway and a 3-lane road on the
lower and upper decks with spherical
bearings. Out of 39 spans 30 spans have
been inspected and cleared by RDSO and
launched.
CHENAB RAILWAY BRIDGE, J & K,
INDIA
Location: Chenab River between Bakkal
and Kauri, J&K State, India
Design: Arch Bridge
Material: Steel and Concrete
Total Length: 1,315 (4,314 ft)
Height: 359m (1,178 f)
Longest Span: 467m (1,532ft)
No. of Spans: 17
The Chenab Bridge is a railway steel arch
bridge under construction between Bakkal
and Kauri in the Reasi district of J&K in
HTS SS AIndia. This Iconic Bridge is of National
Importance connecting Udhampur-
Srinagar-Baramula Rail Link Project being
constructed by KRCL under the supervision
of Northern Railway. The bridge consist of
main arch 467m span with approach span
of 650m (13 spans) at end and 185m
(4spans) at Bakkal end. Itis world's highest
railway bridge with the widest span in the
Indian broad gauge railway network
RDSO is carrying out fabrication inspection
of the Chenab Bridge and has done the
prefabrication requirement like approval of
QAP, scrutiny of WPSS and then qualifying
the welders to take up the welding works.
Till now 650 welding qualification records
have been approved and 30 segments of
Kauri end viaduct have been inspected by
MBC directorate of RDSO.
RDSO Designs of Steel Bridges Available
Plate Girders for 25t Loading
Drawings of 12.2m, 18.3m & 24.4m steel plate
girder welded type for New Fatigue Criteria and
HSFG bolts are available.
m= Plate Girder for DFC Loading (32.5t Axle
Load)
Drawings of 12.2m, 18.3m & 24.4m steel plate
girder welded type for 10 million cyclesissued
Open Web & Open Web Underslung
for25tLoading
ler
Drawings of welded type open web girder for
30.5m, 45.7m, 61.0m & 76.2m, 91.44m and
Underslung Girder of 30.5 m for New Fatigue
Criteria and HSFG bolts are available.
eli ele ee oy
Open Web Girder for DFC Loading (32.5t
Axle Load)
Drawings of welded type open web girder for
30.5m, 45.7m , 61.0m & 76.2m for 10 million
cycles for DFC loading issued.
RDSO Design of Composite Girders
= Composite Girderfor25tLoading:
Drawings of composite plate girder for 12.2m,
183m, 24.4m and 30.5m spans for New
Faligue Criteria and HSFG bolts are available.
= Composite girder for DFC loading (32.5taxle
load)
Design and drawings of composite plate girder
for 12.2m, 18.3m, 24.4m and 30.5m spans as
per NEW fatigue criteria issued (except for
slab)
Standard Design OF Road Over Bridges
= RDSO Design of Composite Girders for
ROBs
Drawings of 18m, 24m, 30m & 36m span
‘composite girders for ROBs have been issued
including for skew spans upto 20°, The drawings
are for 6 different road width configurations
(The drawings have been taken up for revision
with revised deck configurations decided by
IRC.)
1 Bow-String Girders for ROBs
Drawings of 30m, 36m, 42m, 48m, 54m and
60m & 72mspan Bow string ROBs have been
issued for two-lane road width
Important Guidelines Issued
B & S Die issues guidelines for various bridge related
activities. Important guidelines issued are
% NDTofbridges : BS103
¢ Instrumentation of Bridges : BS 106
Inspection and Testing Facilities at
RDSO's B&S Lab.
B&S Directorate is having a well furnished laboratory
with following facilities
4 Impact load and static load testing facility
for full scale testing of newly developed
FRP/Composite sleeper as required by
nodal DirectorateAnnual Report 2016-17)
BRIDGE & STRUCTURES
Concrete Core Cutting Machine,
NDT Testing of Concrete Bridges with
Corrosion Analyser, Profometer, Rebound
Hammer, CAPO Test & Lock Test,
WINDSOR Probe etc.
Testing of Steel Bridges by Acoustic
Emission Technique
Corrosion Analysing Equipment (CANIN)
i
J br
Residual Life Assessment of Stee! Bridges.
Arrangement for Static Load Test
UNTRS eS‘Annual Report 2016-17 4
ERs
Instrument:
with RDSO
RDSO has the following instruments which are used
{or testing of bridges as per reference received from
zonalrrailways
= Complete Structural Testing System (On
loan from Northern Railway)
Can be used for measuring strains,
accelerations, displacements and temperature
onsteel as well as concrete bridges.
Vibration Signature instruments
coeceanel Eetetreal Can be used for determining the natural
frequency of girders.
ion Capabilities Available
‘Testing of Brick & Stone Masonry by FLAT
ppinde
Jack Method.