a EARTHING OF GIS - AN APPLICATION GUIDE* ohn LENS of Working Group 23.10 (Metlead substations) Abstract {is ovr past fen yar, mae (is pcan i’ on ating ofS ha aan ero by Waking Gp 2819 ‘vin Sw dee fay Conian 2 Senay tw ting 9 Si ae agent Sty Sort ‘conTeNTS, ‘Sli 'tnd at prong he sna fen eestor, trier wean {tod sstone, tn aro Abstract 43 Comectens te earth |e aca at pend en 4. wTRODUCTION 48 Disontoultes ‘vig am br 2 score, TERMINOLOGY ano | 45 Effsisoncontolcicuts | Te Sooo Caton re wl row PRINCPAL RELEVANT STANDARDS | 48 Treatment of utrasenstive | Ccsteron coayn grote end hare lees contol equipment ‘een oud ormary Yor, What no 22 Teminoogy 47 Irunenttanstrmers | Syme tne ‘ot wasnt Stele vlogs TEV) 0 low 23 Principalrelvant standards | 5, TESTING AND MAINTENANCE | sr “ransent gene leat 4. EFFECT OF Gls on pesicn oF | OFEARTHNGINSTALLATIONS | orm) wh sears G8 Sama sistas 5: Per funy cmp nhs a 31 cea! » Sookie igs ‘32 Physical size ‘52 High frequency compatibility | rmation to proceed with some cont 8 Tansnt ence voli |, concLUSIONS, REFERENCES | mato e Gt et ken (rev) AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘natioral and interratonal standards: ae 61 contsins cuir eneunes 35 Seen bao ad 48 Efects on personnel 4 DESIGN OF Gis EARTHING S¥S- 63 Acknowledgements rea APPENDIX: EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF TEV 444 General 42 Design of earth REFERENCES. ‘Tis gocument ie ames st proving the sitton del, fair wih | Sing scp cert unlcred hon aes anor Papatack cin oth ge ares rsa Cera seepage an. | thing stom fora Gas nse Sub ‘ELECTRA Na 181 DECEMBER 1993 31iston (6). The sana tar ‘Shans shanmena goraraladon op ‘sion oa oi sting coves evworos Is Earting - Tanslrt encase Satiage (TE = Trt gene (el fs (FOPR) art Ce [ 2.Score, TERMINOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL RELEVANT STANDARDS ‘ie “Aploaton Gate ans top Vt ta Gide eprint sed ak the ghar vtageesuinion, 2g. Heol wu ort gun lee tos esae te eect of worsen (ard potoneal eo wil be ee ‘reaoy bo fame win the dein {es sumone (MS) and cose ‘oenly re step haa been mae to ‘Ser rom tase pri, Th Gate ‘foveore ties he desgrer ough "aoe at nora be {Fa aad be take in IS tal nou ey ate as tno (ad, ie ivi tation {Ste ey ve btn rey ‘fat tave boon sed compe the {Gue.The eootiator psonses, Schren is as tapers e ‘Ae inulstod Substation (AIS) ‘most of the Insulation betweon tive pare and cart ie povied by i at Sphere posse Be connie ensoaue acund te pry conde fa GIS fo pert Sheesh aug inpedence cosas Exaing rounding) «§concng sonra) by eh the GIS sub. ets canaced to cam (our) oF to somo conctg boy o ltl) lege oer hat connate ar wh can tow fom te System, ‘hon the evan GS oormaces, as Insite Substation (Gi) - A sporti se acre Grounding carting) - See eam Main Earth Grid «An argent ot Sete ie cms on fee o which reo ole ports on the nigh vatage equpmett whee ‘in a ines yogi stale and ls) ny arth (exam) Earth Potent Rise The votage a wp between subton inal wa ad ma et ot Treugh to ti eLosiaton cared son uml govoes by nat too) of ear of al the flowing omeciod topaher bus code ‘hatha caring faecal tons entra nl en loro ‘Ground Poort! Rise (GPR) - Tho ‘age benen seston met work Seeds Sew cud 33 tod tequeny ofthe eye 10 wich the sua conned (oy 0 oredr) ‘Step Voge The pot enoten: (doy aperson avs rp ot Sasa Sn peta ran hehe one fotos pe ge of he area pl chine ther fot ane Sep aE “Touch Voltage - The patti! expe Seed rca wotk and. seing arslnt voeage Rdvod ne mea 22 PRINCIPAL RELEVANT STAN Banos EC Se - Becta ntaaton nb ‘ange a rad og IC Contos Drak 178 (Socetaat 435,170 (Groat) 102 Eee Itagneto compat (EMC) tor Renda Syatera Ie gos aud ‘ih een et ls TEC 478 - eds of cre pang ‘tough naman body tropeen Community CeneLec 10-112 (Chase 8)- Et Sanya deson Casch Ropu - Slovakia CN 22050 - Earns of eects! ‘ston 198) eaten (1807), (RN S71010 = Gena efor ao tec apts eoceal ouch voage (1988)‘es lamar e 725 820 ‘ensy anspor SOF (CPC ME °) Drecives egies put étude ae Spfoseaion pou a lee dee cis tat aon tgs xe (av sa534). IN 67 141WDE ove; 780 - spect fan So earn sttaons ‘batons above 1 RV 40 nil ote ofc ar (he for slate equomart tae Son" Anes ana"), ices 5 and “Toe gern of auton cain in'Tepco. (Saraen = ‘Grunig Engncog erosion fie in stemaing cuter set ene ronan ANGMIEEE Gs 62 - Gude for men ager resi ound inpedance pod orton ANSI C2 - 1989 «Nona! Ese! enc IEEE ue Ca 122-1989 Switzetand Deere about lets! power inal tee, aeration rom nan 18 1285 Copies Eng ELECTRA 151 DREEEBER 9 by righ reenay erent nt Bye fect toung at saves equney TEV can’ be set up by igor kes, sprain of tnag es (Gye) Boeing Iain EA Teotlcal Speention 4124 (or ‘EFFECT OF GIS CONDESION OF EARTHING SYSTEM the GIS wit have a pctound eect on ne vequtemaris oan oar ay {em fora GIS taon are noo: Sry naar ar 9 poe eer {ed Socrates ‘As ho are ocruied by GIS sta sn yaya 188% ato Sse toga egg ang a Sy gid, Le mow gourd concer ina qher ea THe later feature fags to redce tho : (roond aren for mor elects ta Sheeore be neces f recon ‘Sree Sue pagrapte 2 t= 425) aeasing te aeecey 7 een tocar aut a 35 Shing ey diconscar opera: ‘ene (Gee Append The TEV te sot {ye carr ed te eating “he. nigh fequeney curets couse {weston sarh caraclang, 99-2 ‘a en sa ea an ‘tel be egpimaay 008 ob {in copper conductors also cause high ‘4 01SconTINUTIES ined the ise othe bioms. However at IS nue tarot Gs. + S60 arteries uanngs Tere HV abe ousinae “auated fargee empayes ateraly outed caer rortor ‘et 1a, CFs meured sound te al of eco wrens “Tho 8F6 to sr ominaton gives the ron err nse acy ie of he igh Heauerey Ya hie om the SPSAN tor fates dependort on he aange ‘onsgaon ot te vane back io {ho Gis huonood by bas sup ‘also sources of high frequency eectsut then we goneraty much ana | 10 peor sarong ther normal earth ut cue nc, also te Nah than tose wtih appeer due © the | dotoswihn Gi salons feauansy ure ning om TEV SoA acai “The anearance capa at nas | Te eaves Feqiecy tena he (On some dongne of GIS enone | ad acortnatas “cng sing | Het #ONHERT ace the um tanger ee mage uring | opratons may, noneer.srba ope | Before deigtng to gc te racos fzaroith ta fang dt | lrg a ete frm 0 | ey oom rane eh a thus hae fobs mroduene to pre. | Conssaueiy& may bo eprops Io | ary. the sol eastv'y and cares apatingsoves be secorivly | fies, meinge lng atcess | quan, trong the miu alow Vics or cues ala epee | dung sate cprtion, rower, | abe er plone te, le @ are ‘int onlin sure “cote, may | fe rosso of eaauee Gestbed | maar casa te tages wal a er ches Sa laces sen eras | ocean ame tee coon Lidge Petes | Recents sseeneoma Por tegen el “Tranalont enesocure voltage interferes, ~ nd Insomatonal slandare Ove ou ‘Wan proton, coat an oer DESIGN OF GIS || Supe on ts mete (et Sesion cor au by aac ome || EARTHINGSYSTEM | | Ste ein ee ste Be say tate : forma thn A hw Saar ene or sete sa, ae See cleat tetay | 41 GENERAL ‘Sober Siaton cae tached oe Cis | TEesner eho peraech he ak | Pe ete nth cows comacne ook eee a ee gaum fem | of desing 8 GIS esting seem | Gp fe insite of equpme, eerceae wheats posse. | Be sewer IS ayer |W pve mcr ow re ss precomine. Howeve eta | re soc by @ GI teas at “re presano of TEV in GIS has, | taken no agent twas ages ten raises qusrion arcing ha | dng ne soi poten. 22"sangar mansares ey be Srey of prsonnet hang seco to fevessay (S00 Paragraph 42.1 Sicha eben. TEV, bowers it | 42 DESIGN OF EARTH GRID 425). fon ane steno ecrdedeidos | The prods of tho out ge po ‘Diaggeat faite crecty argorous | vee tow impsiance pat for he | 42:4 feat of diferent mesh aren er | ince ease T Sern Sooo mo | Saget meeee sae Howe he dsiny ote | LT |_| tegeraet siete ors Syriana feeeamg om Sit Aine ohng sod te soonee Semen ssen, Siccoapae ws tg trong ste tosh and See tan RARE So ‘cm Sel he ean gl Stood resets an to rove Fue 1.0860 fro even potas thin Foot Fe tees math rangers ‘Sen andat sca, Pty re fancrna 51 DICER 98 37Fire (PaeeE Seo, outils, le alee cotter des Gomonone Fiore et coue our ateloge an baton ame tmllage er emcie acer oe Set qk loom dos potent pus ‘outside etre nau a2 ou esse une conus Too, fect engerare un cana sonbee ‘tes rats, br oxen fe Seon damerer ie connate de ‘or avere ns dos ara fegusts inte nesses dormspe lesion et be aor Doosbie go pove Ie réseau It ‘esetanoe @Wactade otc ne "epee pe Sagat: Un svatage ut Soleo eo faut {le inpaanen ut courant tequonce ute Geet de lator pofonde 1 gavéo imsossbie do rte a "itance Gaacrose eto & ns (ew igual ae lore prone un fratementchinigue "du 9! pout ‘Gaurolaréslsvs poet deen La valour de a etance Soctode sant un emule emptie dor (Gricsance cule rdoea natal, Des si neonssae vor Crapo) 442, cOMMEKONS AU RESEAU DE es comations eqns Se rene Seppe ou PSE au feowou de are st riot ds lrstone Ge spe “se igen ae ee impedance aux fréquences cevios (wor rig a Eiger ae urna eto Peastes supocenSslmen fone fer que lo woppes, do PSEM {hors tuset proses aun pana rv au, tn que cla no St fas corareton pant oe do a osconimurrés erelopas de PSEM ot des mest LSE ner ee pars rane Tomada snoe carom at 228 Uoce doxyee de soe dover: Si fr eat a spires coven (or Fae 3h oar Ge betes ia are Gos ‘De mari iii, ru le mat (oe veers fo osan de gare a Fore moaiba separo. oes cout Frases mnie nese ures Siest une decor re Fen awed. Commotion a 38 tuncrna Ns ofcenene arWe 23.10 ec tas tr cnt. However fis ous tna umber of pata! semctne trash ‘ve ao oer SPigy caren wi sn enrages Sete eal. is eva oe SES aye at ov es Iie gros havertgo can ae be ‘Sion ot io at eoring tart ove iow ipocenes 10 gh Fe ove eis tunteakn ce 1429 Use of coop ven ground tho oun olcrods esares oan ery lw vue ting te mets ‘fm sol to rackce ‘essvly, may be bent “The vaue of he dosed sath sor ade testares can be culos ‘andards buts rceenmen hms enn be akon #meesoay Soe Shree). 49 CONNECTIONS TO THE EARTH Frequent comnecsn obo Gi ent Sie oun gu arte ‘eaeter ll nics zat: Soul be ae shor wn aint 9590s Sie a vedas the mpoaare at He Hgar equa (Soe Figure Sie sagan stony et G1 orc teres shoud be as near (0 youre ‘ino the Gs nition enon ‘espe 4s o1sconTmuries ‘scoters in para 3.4, ih fequeny pattie oan occu tc {feacimAn 91 REIBER 5 soci mosoues have 0 be tka > 43 Avent cntos tiie pons ena 8 flange but a siete and ocoame foe is valle by rears of ruber of nonines oie: 18 ied synmetcaly "one the targe ‘sabe armenia (Sea Page 3 ‘ausng esata mays Be Sat ‘placa tenon near estore ‘Sir, hee he GIS equipment is enneada barter, resco" oe ‘ir bushing, the ws 1 owp th erm deary Be ce ‘eroon sre te door ean 86 39 Feo mua, POEM (2Ber bro labman 8 Tolerant yaa marcos, apt el oy nea on urs (on pe ne {Sy sued togoner bev 20 ‘Sh ca be tn Dace of Sectengemarge mess the ausite of enelonree cea) sea 0 poe ery iment in ho. inary conor, Seneequont nei tanges have {5 be so oe pa Tet fay hs enctae nt ha oon ‘ioral sangere gh reqvnoy ar Tah pont etc som ne ery ed re we See aur onc Se‘raetow pra. Pa consequent ‘ijn ase vet fe moe fs lees pants Ces eat oo ate ype de econ done Fees ave Snger bi rae ‘qoncce vos ate sence go otrtal levees Can oat neve. {Cet pau see au eu meyer do ‘Sunt corqus do mane opens ‘tour So estornetoure oe oouant querer! uur coi crorenes foie or gue 8). Dare erie 2, des elute pawert Samet fie utes. Doo enacts de one Fete crt uoment stlescen 44 Traverse SFr en qu os oes is ne et pas ‘nses dng os verter Sa, ‘cubes 8 cnune oes trees pe ances donde des jour de bares Irires ot dee Yaveates I ete tre sdasentraie cane Fensores ‘et imporant de conore e- farce Matte equ com ‘ane de mie are do tet soe ne lau Pima Pe Dour onraover le waver pres ‘Siatinaue le coma setae ore 1S vesoau do tore pic st aus Courts etdioce us porebe 4A, Pointe entrée dos postee inter Le pont dente on tine sn PSeM ropréserie une. oxstene ppetunte pout Snir connsene de tre, parzuirement | carte ke deconeutde, Par cant: SRPSEN se toning seo ane to verese Shy & Four oe O88. ‘nls: Oats cele seonnces, (Gila lar un pasage fable Inpdance pour Tengo at, Un arangomart te ave oul ape sae on ue 8 epson pe ‘mates ale pour ompiches Fee ‘taco (ar Annes) de renter 8 ‘oweau cars ie bitmest Pour ie tu ticaoe, Teneuppe ce PSEN Gt ae ben sce la oon meta paramo auc baes a 8 | seteide men yauienaraurome | 5, eens sum ts ORCUTS Oe faux poms, ot de protronce pus t| ‘COMMANDE. sta, Ure sera peut Gre 2 "atston ae mur arromet meta. | #5 viet pore conepou in gus a en sir sven Gre drow. | esau co mee fea en Imoritele Brenlopoe auPSEM. | Ge tare a sextet Gos |4Ae.nésistances non ingares | PSEM et comperavument 8 Tnpe " (ance shai requenos vee Sa ‘Au omen ea dcton do 02 rap: | Eennexions de toro gua, = auaine fot Treas paso esoancee non | mecre spéle ret phe, I pat Indes ralomont pers dare | esor wo trance ds penal Ieeanmnetce qlee comune Adee | vee gu appara on es entorts lls noe petectan abe PSEA | Gee cides co. conle commen ga, Stage oi scciahd sne ome meta au moyen ists igi 8. Sarin te cnn rele by mean il rie 40 ALCAN 1s CENte ta (en Fare 9 Ie sane ‘Coupling capacitors are ao active, SAA SPUnir bushings nt suse tages do not teats in Gre = Ar busnnge neers, nis vel 2 "decoy in thn Hepa pers Seg 9 0 {evan aso shon and semaht | Spon 4A Indoor substation entrance pols The poet we 2 8 enclosure te bara pois ctr Sonctens, paneuaty ibe 6S tr foal aan SPA Bovirgeutise tide Une ut ea ‘a argent 26 shown Fig 8 fod an ial mets for ser feria Ge ep fea eects te GS enaaie rut eel banded tthe caraway etlle parton of te suring (fy lest two, preersy ror, Prt Alera she wal can eure, must bo doe bonded he {64 5Non ner resiaore ‘nea esstors degra forte eck eco senile ra ‘lt resto aptined forthe inten purpose Face fo been mo [St hae hgh Fegueney fore. vane ng oh Sy rey et Saino 4s EFFECTS ON CONTROL. ci curs {anes Oeteoen the oni ot cote Catis ns GS sem and na cam pal ge ugh reuora” impo (aven of toe enh cooneatons at Uinaes spol mast. oe tar, fore coos be © gh peel Extrémté/Terminal PSEWGIS ‘xactma Ne st SCHEER 8 4] terca sot up betwen the onde of ‘Soe eles (ne tlt) Th Gen att the paemaron ecto} freien ag pms cre Doar, ‘ough remate fori () Catens choca of cont “Te “vuln between ho cess Gi te cor esis ear bo eaced ‘Theater a led os fr say a8 sed ay fom the frisure ax aust ae posed str (2) Serenng of cn cables ‘ion, partclary the range of frequen ‘hor high impodanos at Pit equ fe peduned by oretoena the It cates n nae oom soar, oy Sct! of ly enon eta tho catia o Pousng corning the ‘Supers ag. gn dry lays ars Slrtes ale fanote ng by eno ‘Shp shoud so be tones 10 te 448 TREATHENT OF ULTRASSENSt- TWECONTROL EQUPIENT felecommucication sescclsod with te {Gs har evry sow araere pray see ft ay am wf SSovte cole tetany (ray Sing he eauomert in retnecs on i be comply srened. ahd te fcteans bored the et ote Frrecay ago e2 crecly a posse bitarbeniean the Gis ane the coed fei ben cr skrecess % use lean tar: | Tas cn be mas by hreting | ary way, nse, oveskesnd ‘Soweto ry Pivaiechenyeten aie” | exons equpmere ine rseang mene toma | apecton nd eng of te aoe Seen tne Foay J anieance | Sorts etre omni - inctasas ‘in imporance though, | senng the tnealsion to ensue that r 6 CONCLUSION, Shouw ed to dene of cool | tnd secure, Wher massing fort || REFERENCES AND ‘Shipment moreinmaneto vanes, | ossance ot nmauses f me same || ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ‘ene massing pes shout we | |_ACK! ee eee natn ei sw |W GEES Se Tenge | eae ro | rm pnd amr 8 ee oe nt cy | Sa crans nemo | Wnrapae s neeo aay et we sree es | Sarna ee Tana ha ae sues state | rates noes fone ae cee ie ecatnas mate | sae aines gre ti rsebeto Sitan an emia sytem wen Ie imu to he TEY phomanon Fa S.THSTING AND Ao curdiay be oped | ter uth epee pettone kn MAINTENANCE OF || Ge sinsorcson ai | ing conmesonng EARTHING INSTALLATIONS iis er, hla tae mstba 2 won rreouency compan | £9, mea rey oe un ‘user (© ensure that responsibilty for Saree Wee cele a ate 51 | Sng sg oa ge ‘ne itegity of the carting ietalation | at the design stage, between dierent Pecp poer seme curr, | spore omy bere he SutGaioal meaneeay''ts | binge te eben. ech (imo tinoang tin” | he ceo Bo epee Sinco the tigh trequency phenomena | #2 nearvenient sepenety ie fen ho Bi taccemcee ne ey! | ea nerznences wie sacs fon pte | sca, et ga ein Caled ety ge | "He's oy Ware 6:3 POWER FREQUENCY cOMPATE try be eaaquney sn eating Vraintor and soca tose ‘Smialeonmutzaonsequpmert fecitomanta not rout ras (iv ttn yar) chuck he ooh emer ieapenmn | Semmes See Sees torial cy oy | etm nate, gamers | ta ct ae See eyelet | Fagen crmacpormre | aes es et ister. Stonsondorcsrloetne.” | Sha ae sey AADAC an uty os | RISemamed tt a aco enue | Sar oer gurert Weston a ap saan #92” | re wil hve oan previous P| 2. aang Det, Rehr, Levis ee tee i ante nsec | Ingram er Eacreagoce | * Seat Otte ant ry cena | aca Eck et the equa has buen | Sensi re i pie Geet tapenade: | en reese {one cigesing at ae. To tors | eta -GGhE smart apr ‘Pots ao rave te GIs ham, | amor he crest ads of te eaing fe enianyaltogo feng, es nated in the long. easing ELSCTRA Wo. 151 CEN 1985 4B+-Darn: Gone etn rn Sei cA om eri rn Stang, Zn, ea Se: | Sevodsa aaa pong 8 APPENDIX BYALUATION OF THE EFFECTS OF Ti contents + Rete tenon ecole nee parting tacoma ans sas 1. Breskdnum nid he SS 4. She condos on he crea Sot ial sep ohages 1 compar Tetnies| “Ts pnomens of nse ensoase ‘ote (el Snowe a raat ‘geund pas ree (TGPR, corte ‘ti anal weap catego (SF Creskaown) lea! reste e038 {he sovarts of aptaing cet oak ‘ote tmvetng wees whch pop (> posable ocons Yom om of kas, depending on te fmber feu depering ors pont, Thee waves, curcoreed os stn sis tne, prodina the 20 rTON TH ‘yn o TEV, may oc eral eG = Breskiown of ta SF onan the condi ano snc Sere ear a, Ins cates VETO watts pop Gea roa on oles wo toa poe ascortaty (eon pareraoh Tho ont ot acura FU Fon can bole nn ie. Em auige inpacan. ne poet he Be caung be TEV “he most ca of hose ozo tes core GIS basting and oF the Gitte tus ananone ier cera ont ae no ‘ach supporting incur Tonge == ‘owe angie salt be Soe Van, =UMg 1.20.12 beter the raion wotape wih ose poy an negeve ok Fig. The covert 112 alows te [uocage tthe LO ot ee Sowers) As a concequnae of tama dts, 4 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Tne Cepler of le Guise wore: members of OGRE WG 23.10 for thoit ros ears or BV soe tha ped wave corpora ts open on vane sabearset raya, ave fe {ihr mone scone Dede ‘fom at gr sola eve. 1D | Cie ecm Tor hot eis nay nape apy | Seaacrstenensee tring lect tnt iting, avon fe characte by eet fins Ty C18 ra Pa ‘nha te gaeprosae Sabet 3 pu whan sntcwng 2 fo. Sb anstomor fruit) ed Tse pu fr decomecos (arty 25 pul). Ouig to besksoon te penaaiad, the epude teach tht renvart ta raeizon of ‘he rt ppreacting sop vlnge {iSicabe renstons. 1.4 Gila bushing anaton te echomatand a8 h'Pone Tas a The eraser of be eprossiny es fn he efowure ges ef 2 val Soetsgound, whose emptude can eaves by muting he amemae is coaeal tus to cote Zon sage tpesence of be eo- bce to pound, wan te wave propapstes cutie the phases "ae vied Ground Stops end over trundings san “Ts apiice of he tp pops Sejond conmctens i= beau By te ae gue 2 age [aT — win nc ot gis | 7 ES raat erates ei es Teta opi |” Sh dle te gra sap ole rooaue ware oaies he Oral sv (gne2) gh oe parable he axiom amptute Sheath of cates and GIS enclosure ‘hematzed sen Powe 8 te vais | aban ences PSE | ete varemosencostoont eatng | Sore 2 Asreren ot mem pope {5 tne amps of se wave bemoan ee — kt + or Tapani rar rye ad Aiton agate cpse tere Hagan rtetn fom pound ure Papen of ge dom rds 47miioms Sesamecisemn 1. 6tuatons numérgues En cortramt ies poms ceveopoés ‘Séseum le coaen le po corre Sppaat fl vance dea averse Geta En conser n POEM 8 fmelopos mnephaoes, ne Garces donde mursraner porent Se raise 2-001 (AH (opines comsins) 2260 inne VR=AAT A) (cfsrepln) e Fh rayon dy cordicteur re f= tayon_hrome raemum do Fenwtorpe y= has ane ob condataue rapper ou plan 1 ft note que terme ee planet une esprosiaton Linpédanee dente uno ce do toro vorcale pout 0 sipoate Iecauo cote ql seal tobe nate SSoomexons tre, Limpidance donde dos aes ee pat sue 2b rads Vavatong. doe vas. dca pron tos suraioe essen a Ze~20072800 Zp~ 1802000 ‘ee es valeurs dnpitarce one los cbcetin, tos concurs Stat {2 die port tance ce waver se PSE pven! be el ‘S12 054075 s2=0500.75 En ponent on compel ft qu une ‘cane dence a eveoppes oo feepondet chacita dab oss ‘aoa Soa we proces @ dane as" rates on paral, impedence ‘Sence Servoeppe wale po Oe ‘hones cones. impesnene wales dee tte erelonpes. Oar (heas, Stora a 1s pus, dos bres do tora mutes Dawe enea rece Ppadanes ‘once 2 educa valu oS. 10018 2. ANoRAGE A VexTéRIEUR OU a cause prelate de STTR vera Gs Fedeseur oa cs on smarnge ‘ri apo do aiaonetone me un pagnonine daresrage en SEM paut ie adate tpi LHW ele. Cat eer es ge fa poets postive ot 2 une proba Ihe Gamergage 10% Atel le Ineo et eben on maine Went par un actu 1.18 pout reer ‘on comp intone’ & ue polis ontop faaur 18 pour {oree pobsbiss damorage 0% (Comme als prtceron pourun aa Sister) Gee = UM X IB 2 Latorelon pas pode st aac ‘eco pa un taux Je moriaa Canon 200 ine Ls cools dracon sot las nee qb poor Un arogoge ers 4B 2. BREVES CONSIDERATIONS SUR Laenmierté bes TENSIONS DE PRSINITIALES: 1 eet event que Famine ot tome doe STA son Ios Aa oncor 6 paso, sane corer i on baton prior despots. Use consteuince des amines ‘manu ets tps de mora des ‘Sree toners de pas, les Ghee prteadenmen at glee Sorpate riciow ds PSEM pos. oot tre onus carne es ‘ves TEY ins pis ldon Des ‘Sorerjagea te covers dont (eo TEV micas, ale aut at bos. poment nasarce ee ‘mateoties normale dae Fost. De" pum ae ehacine oo Pmenanaes oo ssetonnaur ne ‘ston de out de bare, et po tbs Gaver deo deses ou Sa oot {abs do alumagen ene contact | TecHANQUES SUR ORDIATEUR Un cal précis dos STTR. pena ‘ilsoren dare upto slmen ‘drone entre orane our ce qu conse ls TE, ep ‘yarane ocala adopt. ot Geo Same de pence comple des lignes & puremaves sebuse mae ‘Mofaor Pour chaque conduct di ‘Genau 8 te ~ semloppe ara. panes dur mode do prnapaton (eonduceurervlope ot oneunpe: tee) soe évcene mpgs les tos phases sort prsat en cons ‘don en mira tino, cone faut to tae rowe fe om ome leppe con ve procs is ues oe Sitos, fo couplage on cose loppe cot re pr en corp coat ‘ie ti slr aos mode 4s popagnton. Pour ee PSEM dane Insquet ee tle cnactou son se (ie sane "a rma omeppe lee ate. Un loge! parca bien appro, letgerat hee cos neces regimes tanetover et FEMTP flo. ‘omagrae Tansee Peg, Se. lepea sar BPA (Corsenta Power Dnineaion. Gare veraon Sse de ce programms es ies ‘escma 1 ocean 8‘Feats Asoo Sd the GIS enlosies somo eqs Tne foe Parggh 6)“ ‘soy achivrg te ecie cot fu ing VT). oe vote 20 the pep vote cles po he vole sgeleup en the conrarting aad fe the vetago (V9 appt’ fo the ete rotor by Zeon Ze (Fg 1.3 Numerical evlutions ating the sbove io account the teat overs condom oes athe Inpadanees of ruerest can be =£01n(Fhh (cies) 2200 wllns YG2—FAIL A) (eye tne PS ds oft ntl concer aca othe gourd a. Ness tne cde nef ie “Tha euige Impadance of a veel ‘Jeune seep 2en be sprouse 8 2 eee led bray ta hgh Innsdanen ene oer somone [otis worton ay be abject ie previous Inpadance vals suns Token fo cin tt conan ‘oe and tus sonaced paral flours. In he cae St eco ean tov of 52 Thema aise of VETO coring tom Bocce ihe ave rae {iS can uo saved tom ne Ue hy of brtconn. Thus the maxinurt Stradi monniea be My iad at esl ao 3 TMoatoou porciny (e8 prev (Slouied retreat ah (aed by 8 fala Of reo of about SoD ine 4” {SHORT CONSIDERATIONS ON STEP VOLTAGES ip tay ner ri ‘tous ial ep votagee proveusiy ‘own bee de he GI can Naan TEV. Restee bstece tema ge mich lower TEV. But on tho oh ana tay oa fom he Shi have tens or hone of ‘an seu clon of he VETO'S {Sago ne aed att Treo eubemton ant het ‘sara TEV cannes, ado Sect pogm tes be se So ppapaton moses ears: Srooeure and onsen) are roded, al the free posse ae honored st ne same no, 2 ‘es are very naa posone, oiping bosmnn are mus Do tear ee at Fr a Sd in age enone he modes {So corse bones oor (Grstoragnete Tasers rer) Sr aPR Gonecte Power Ansa Ho, inthe pesert verse of Ns power prog, ioe up one po been of cones nies pa tally ae esa of ho ergy heted by a hua boop owning fhe ence “auing VETO the ona yay np sms ‘toatancn, te" med atensonicine carting meeh blow ston ema gh feqanabe. The blk (sins onna sro a on, the erties VETO. behaves pers an an he ay i ponsble Wo corect gel of cout ‘ahi soning om te slorreniones uncrna No 11 DECEMDER We on purpose io este the {ea n aad pat in coresroaence te tt inode wave. ent he By usa EMTP al the cher era (aosormace, "eteut beaker, (evothoad tes, ees, gals or Isa ees st) canbe inte. fotepe, Incoming thing event Soe (wit prious four back facovercubeequnt sige 51 In cases, when eamguter tx ‘approprisie modeling for aach ompo- ‘et elton te ae bot (nm eng rp 29858 PN nt Tome Ged