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    Earthing switches for SF6 HV GIS

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    Earthing switches for SF6 HV GIS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    30 views5 pages

    Earthing Switches For SF6 HV GIS

    Uploaded by

    jayanth
    Earthing switches for SF6 HV GIS

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
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    Cons International Conference on Large High Voltage Electric Systems 12, boulevard Hausmann — 7508 Pais 1984 Session — 29th August-6th September 13-19 EARTHING SWITCHES FOR SFs HIGH VOLTAGE GIS LM. BORTNIK, V.N. BONDALETOV, V.S. CHEMERIS, R.A. MIKAELIAN, YU. I. VISHNEVSKY, Z.L. ZHIRONKINA. (usr) Susnary High-speed earthing switches for SP, ENV GIS using long-run-drives have been developed. The tests hhave confirmed the agreenent of calculated and ex- perimental data Key words Rarthing Switeh - SF, GIS ~ Preunatic Drive - Induction-Dynanic Drive ~ Caleulation Methods «Introduction For the purpose of earthing of individual ele~ monte of sections of the primary circuit in 8%, CIS high-speed earthing switches have been widely used In considerable degres it is caused by the necessi— ty to raise the reliability of earthing operations. As a rule, high-speed earthing switches can make short-circuit currents specified in SF, CIS. ‘Therefore they are put First of all in those points of earthing of the primary circuit of SF; CIS celle in which there is a danger of appearance of energen- cy short-circuit currents at earthing switch connec tion, Similar situation may appear in connection ‘with personnel maloperations during complex switeh~ {ings in the primary circuit or due to difficulties of determination of voltage absence on the earth= ing section of the SF, GIS. Thus it is supposed that high-speed earthing switches should have high- er reliability at operation commotations and be able to nake short-circuit currents. In SF, GIS protection systens against energen- cy current effects caused by inner insulation fai- Ture only high-speed earthing switches (short-cir~ cuiting switches) are used having the capability to hake short-circuit currents. In this case the appa~ Tatus should have enough resource for naking short circuit currents In a nunber of pover supply schemes using Si, GIS at unearthing of Line sections the earthing avitch has to break currents caused by capacitive of electromagnetic connection between parallel Lines of the system. ‘The presentation of a number of requirements to operation capability of earthing svitches (1, 2,3] at the tendency to retain conventionally the simplest and nost econonic single-unit design of the apparatus puts a very difficult task before the designer. With $F, GIS voltage rise the problem of de- veloping ecofomic and reliable design of a single unit earthing svicch becomes still wore complex. It is our opinion that the ensurance of high speeds of apparatus operation is the means which Will allow to solve the main design problens when Seveloping high-speed earthing switches meeting oth individual requirenents and, when it is ne~ cessary, 2 complex of special setvice require ~ nents. ‘The paper considers problens of developing earthing switches with high-speed drives suiting SP, SHV CIS, Te deals with design problems of high-speed earthing switches with long-run drives of pneumatic and induction-dysanic types, calcu~ lation methods for the drives and results of their tests. 2. Design features For SF, GIS of the highest voltage classes which are used now of will be used in the nearest future eingle-unit high-speed earthing switches should have considerable interelectrode gap and noving contact travel. Applying to ouch high-speed earthing switch- es in order to ensure high speeds of moving con~ tacts two types of drives may be used: pneumatic and induetion-dynamic, Both drives are of straight~ travel type, They are integral with apparatus de~ sign and transfer the movement to the moving con tact without any intermediate Links. Their use may serve as a basis for developing sinple reliable 13419 = and economic apparatus Figs. 1a and 1b give schenatic diagrans of designs of high-speed earthing switches with long- run drives of pneumatic and induction-dynani pes correspondingly. ) with pneumatic arive b) with induction aynanic drive Figure 1. vesign circuits of high-speed earthing switches I~ reservoirs 2 ~ bodys 3. - moving con tact; 4 = piston; § ~ pipelines 6 = ali- ding contact; 7.- screens; @ - fixed con tacts; 9 = insulators 10 ~ valves 11 — inductors 12 yokes 13 ~ drive arrange mont; §,, 8) ~ working surfaces A high-speed carthing oitch with a pneumatic arive consists of reservoir I which represents an elenent of earthing enclosure of Sf, CIS filled with SH,. The body of pneumatic drive 2 is fixed on thn tesorvaie boton, The hollow eoving contact Saves claslenoesusly ana drive placer sods toe Pipeline Sa fixed to body 2. At the end of pipe - Line 5a piston 4 is fixed. The design of the seals excludes the possibility for the coapressed air to get into SP,. The current-carrying system of the earthing switch in addition to the moving contact includes sliding contacts 6 and fixed contacts 8 Fixed on insulator 9. Contact elements of the appa~ tatus have screens 7 for electric field equaliza~ tion, Apparatus switching on is performed whea compressed air gets into the drive through pipe- Line Sa at simultaneous air dump from the evitehing off path through pipeline 5b, In the process of svitehing on valve 10 ia closed, as a consequence during che piston rod movenent the pressure in its head end under piston 4 rises. This volume provides damping. The design is such that in a definite no- ment of pressure tise in the dauping volune above the drive pressure valve 10 opens and the pressures level. This moment is determined by the balance of switching on force and opposing one to i¢ switching on force. In this case the opposite force should Not reduce the switching on speed on the most essen- tial part of the path where breakdowns between con vergent contacts are possible. Apparatus switching off is fulfilled by meane of compressed air supply to pipeline 5p at simlta~ ‘neous air dump fron the switching on path. A high-speed earthing switch with induetion- dynamic drive (IDD) in the curceat~carrying cie~ cuit contains the sane eleneats az the above dis— cussed design: hollow moving contact 3, sliding contact and fixed contacts 8 fixed on insulator 9 and screens 7. Body 2 of IDD is rigidly connected with reservoir 1 filled vith Sf. The executive elements of TDD are inductor 11 and yoke 12, The ower source of IDD is a capacitive accumulator installed outside the drive. The suitching on of a high-speed earthing aviteh occurs at conaecting the capacitive energy Storage circuit to the inductor. At capacitance discharge on the inductor, ae a result of interac tion of the inductor impulse magnetic field vith eddy currents in the yoke, electrodyaamie forces are created under the action of which yoke 1? is, pushed avay from inductor 11 aad pushes moving contact 3 along the guide in ite cavity into avitehed on positions ‘The svitching off is fuléilled by the return nechenisn, drive 13 of which is installed on body Dof ID, 3, Characteristics of @ high-speed earthing. switch with a long-run pneumatic drive In order to ensure the highest speed of appa~ tatus switching on and correct operation of the damping device (fig. 1a) it is necessary for the pressure of the air pressed by the piston in the switching off path not to rise but to be on the le- vel close to atmospheric air pressure. This condi— tion is achieved by the choice of the proper va~ ue of the narrowest section £ of the switching off path. This section may be estimated with the help of the folloving equation [4] = soue a ar a-a) #-2 o where 1 is full travel of the piston rod: ¢ is speed of air dump from the switching off paths w - is outflow factor; 5 ~ working surface of the drive piston at the switching off side; V- the apeed of suitehing on; P- air pressure in the svitching off. pathy m= the piston mass; X- piston travels for air k= 1.4, Te is seen from (1) chat pressure P renains unchangeable in the process of air compression by the piston in the switching off path if four wel @ The pressure will rise if the left side of expression (2) is less than the unity and lower if it exceods the unity. It is determined from (2) the permissible minimum (critical) value f,,. en~ suring the highest speed of svitching on Vv... The expression for piston rod speed before opening of valve 10: is deduced by simultaneous solution of the piston rod travel equatio ow x « 7,8, 8))~ PS, ~PapgS) ~P,8 {on condition of the absence of surplus pressure in the switching off pach) and the equation: eo received aaa result of solution of eq. (1) at f=0 ‘there in this case £ is section of che hole closed by valve 10, Psu 49 opposite switching pressure caused by SF; P, is air pressure in the drive; P, is atmspheric pressure, Dependences of switching speed upon the travel at different sections of the svitching off paths land at drive pressure I MPa are shown in Fig.2, The focted ine shows the speed calculated according to eq. (3). The experimental curve differs but little from the caleulated one despite the fact that in eqs-(2) and (3) friction forces are not taken into account and gas-dynanic outfloy factor 4 and outfloy speed C are taken in a definite degree approximately. The exact caleulation of these paraneters (vhich are, strictly speaking, variable) would require complex experiments and mathematical couputations unjusti ~ fied for the purpose of apparatus design. Figure 2. Dependences of moving contact speed V pressure P in the damping volune upon ton rod travel at switching on proces: and pis Xe opening of the danping volume hole Contact travel, p.w. 1 = experimental dependence, 2 ~ calculated dependence (adiabatic process) 4 ~ calculated dependence (isothermal process) contact speed, m/s Pressure, MPa 13.419 Ac reducing the section in the suitching off path to 2/3 £4) the weximm speed of evitehing on dropped to 14 m/s and the maximum shifted to the Lefts at 1/6 f.,., the speed dropped to 5-6 m/s with considerably Larger shift of che maximm to the left. In fig.2 also dependences of air pressure in the danping volume on the piston rod travel is shown, Ourve 1 shows pressure rise up to 1.6 MPs to the moment of hole opening by valve 10, pressu- rre drops to the value of pressure in drive | MPa after opening of this hole and pressure retaining fat this level until the end of the switching on, The oscillating process of pressure drop lasted for several milliseconds. Curves 2 and 3 vere cal~ culated according to eq.(5), for adiabatic (K = 1,4) and isothermal (k= 1) processes of pressure Tise in the damping volume correspondingly. The ex~ perimental curve corresponds to some polytrope be~ [ng between the adiabat and the Lsothermic Lines. ‘The experimental curve coincides practically with calculated one at polytrope index n= 1,16, The hhole opening at the moment, when damping pressure exceeds the pressure in the drive 1.6 tines,ensured smooth reduction of the speed of switching on down to the zero at a very short end section of the pis~ ton rod travel, Later hole opening of the damping volume led to Fod rejection by the backpressure of the compressed air, arlier hole opening Led to Sharp speed rise to the end of svitching on and to impact loads reducing mechanical stability of the apparatus. ‘The tests have shown that the described design of the high-speed earthing switch allowed to ensure 6 makings of short-circuit currents 40-63 kA, | without apparatus inspection. amas 4, Characteristics of high-speed earthing switch with long-run induetion~dynamic drive (DD) ‘The calculation of optinal parameters of IDD and energy storage for high-speed earthing switch was performed proceeding from the necessity of getting the required speed of the oving contact of the apparatus and highest efficiency of the stored energy conversion into the kinetic energy of the moving elements, i.e, to ensure the aininun energy capacity of the storage device for solution of the task put. Optimization method of induction accele~ ration of conductors was used with similarity eri- teria [5] on the basis of differential equations describing the transient process in che impulse electrouechanical systea: nytytige Upc + Af Be EE = os a aM dX * 6) “4, Ox iy an Sioa vhere U ig capacitance voltage, ij, ip are currents Yn the prinary and secondary clrebiesy L,, Ly, Ly, Mare inductances of the storage device, the prina~ ty and secondary cizeuits and their mutual indue~ 13.19 tances of the storage device, the primary and secon dary circuits and their mutual inductance, correspon— dingtys R,, Ry are resistances of the priaary and secondary!eiréuits; C is capacitances F is resulting backnotive force; X is movement coordinates mix ae~ celerating mass. ‘The parameters of the equivalent circuit (Ly, Lys My By; By) were clarified according to the rewen the saya Toy thy oa sa wae tromagnetic field theory),” the Entluence. om the of the trasslene process of electromagnetic Field enetration into the conductor [6]. Be results of Investigations made according to. (2) wese sampesed wen ones obtained ty the nethode of the noqnetic Field ehory. tim savolte coincided vith scturesy upto 10k sb mygsage acesusmy of sameeren 4 seoteved ipso) AE eeleetig coanae vith tee He aie following rangee: = av?/C4EL,= 10 = 205 $1. fp ie > = 8) 96"? < ont 4/0 < 0.015 Holy < Ont, vheré x, is initial distance between the inductor and the yoke, D is average diameter of the inductor. Characteristics of high-speed earthing switch with induetion-dynanie drive Figure 3. Influence of relative resistances of in ductor 9, and accelerated conductor P, upon dependence of efficiency of electro~ nechanieal energy conversion at free in- ductional acceleration of conductors upon 0.01, relative wass G(P=P, =P} €, Age 0.1). 2 os ary fap ai stored energy, kd contact speed, m/2 he On the basis of che performed investigations approximate calculation methods were developed (7,8) ensuring enough accuracy and, vhich ie of main importance, correct determination of the zone 9f optimal combination of the values of similarity criteria, ‘The calculated assessnent of the maximus speed of the moving contact was mide proceeding from cor~ relation between kinetic energy of the moving mas- fee and the energy stored in the capacitance: Vax” ie [e o where the values of efficiency m are determined from dependences given in fig. 38: ‘The whole travel of the moving contact may be conventionally divided into two parts: acceleration fone on which electromagnetic foree acts and braking, fone on vhich the moving contact travels by inertia, fand consunes the accumulated kinetic energy. At braking the speed of the soving contact is determined by the equation: @) in the right part of vhich che second tem Is speed decrease due to the action of the all resistance Forces (of springs, friction, gravity and so on). The tests have shown chat with the chosen mass of the moving parts, storage energy and design of the fixed contact 1t is possible to extinguish the residual kinetic energy during their travel in con tacts without the use of a complex damping system. ‘The investigations of speed characteristics of the earthing switch with IDD allowed to get con- vinced of the possibility to achieve high speeds of switching on for a design with large intercontact gaps aeeting the requirements to HV and EAV appar: At change of energy stored in the capacitance in the range of 3~ 8 kJ the average speed V,, of the moving contact is in close proximity to the proportional dependence upon the stored energy (€ig. 3b). The figure shous also dependences of con~ tact speed upon the Eravel at constant eapacitance and different values of charge voltage of the sto~ rage device (ty

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