Model Answers

(c) Keep flammable chemicals away from fire

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION sources.
TO BIOLOGY AND
(d) Do not touch, smell, or taste chemical
LABORATORY RULES
substances directly.

Formative Practice 1.1 Formative Practice 1.3

1 Biology is the study of life and interactions of living 1 (a) Manipulated variable: starch concentration.
things with their environment. Responding variable: duration for complete
2 Genetics (bioinformatics), microbiology (various starch hydrolysis / rate of starch hydrolysis.
vaccines and medicine), biotechnology (bioplastics). (b)
3 Biotechnology. Bioplastics can be produced from Rate of starch hydrolysis against starch concentration
agricultural by-products, or from used plastic bottles rate of starch hydrolysis (% minutes–1)
by using microorganisms. 1.2
4 Wildlife biologists, doctors, chiropractors, exercise 1.0
physiologists, microbiologists, marine biologists, 0.8
botanists. 0.6
0.4
Formative Practice 1.2 0.2
0
1 (a) Eye goggles – to protect eyes from dangerous 1 2 3 4 5
chemicals. starch concentration (%)
(b) Lab coat – to protect clothes from damage.
2 (Any five)
(c) Fume chamber – to prevent inhalation of • Large and accurate; use a sharp pencil and not a
dangerous gases such as chlorine, bromine coloured pencil or a pen.
and nitrogen dioxide. • Do not shade artistically.
2 Category B biological waste must be packed • Lines must be drawn clearly, continuously, and
in autoclave resistant biohazard plastic bags, not disconnected. Do not use a ruler to draw
sterilised in the autoclave to be decontaminated, specimen outlines.
and later placed into a biohazard bin. Biohazard • Drawings must be labelled. Label lines must be
plastic bags must not be disposed in normal bins. point to the right structure, must not have an
3 (a) Inform your teacher. arrowhead, must be straight and do not cross
each other.
(b) Restrict the spill area.
• Drawings must be titled.
(c) Sprinkle sulphur powder to cover the mercury • Every structure in a drawing must be put
spill. in the correct position and its size must be
(d) Call the fire brigade. proportionate to other structures.
4 (a) Be careful when handling hot glass apparatus. 3 Three main planes that are used are frontal plane,
sagittal plane and horizontal plane.
(b) Report any damaged apparatus or glassware
to the teacher immediately. (a) Identifying a problem that can be tested with a
scientific investigation.

1 Biology Form 4

DLP_Biology F4_Answers_Chap 1.indd 1 10/29/19 9:43 AM

 (b) Building a hypothesis.
(c) Identifying and controlling variables as well as
the data collection method.
(d) Planning and carrying out a scientific
investigation.
(e) Collecting data.
(f) Interpreting data and results through scientific
reasoning.
(g) Making a conclusion.
(h) Writing a report.
Summative Practice 1
1 To avoid injuries to legs and feet from broken glass
and chemical spills.
2 (a) Cross section divides a structure horizontally
into upper and lower portions.
(b) Longitudinal section divides a structure into left
and right.
3 • C
 ategory A (sharp wastes): Sharp instruments
such as syringes, needles, glass and scalpel.
These are placed in a special bin for sharp items.
This bin does not need to be sterilised.
• Category B (non-sharp wastes): Solid biological
wastes such as gloves, tissue paper, petri dish,
plastic culture containers and hardened agar.
Packed in autoclave resistant biohazard
• plastic bags, sterilised in the autoclave to
be decontaminated, and later placed into a
biohazard bin. Biohazard plastic bags must not
be disposed off in normal bins.
• Category C (animal carcass): Carcasses,
organs, and tissues of laboratory or experimental
animals. Wrapped in absorbent material (such
as tissue paper), packed neatly into biohazard
plastic bags and is frozen.
• Category D (fluids): Broth culture, liquid medium
such as blood and/or blood products. All
biological liquid wastes must be decontaminated
DLP_Biology F4_Answers_Chap 1.indd 2
using the autoclave before disposal. Sterilised
biological liquid wastes must be disposed off
immediately.
4 Steps of scientific investigation:
• Identifying the problem – Determining the
problem that will be investigated.
• Making a hypothesis – Presenting a statement
that will be tested through an experiment for its
validity.
• Planning the investigation – Collecting
information or scientific background about an
experiment, selecting and preparing materials,
apparatus as well as the right method.
• Controlling variables – Determining the fixed
variables, manipulated variables and responding
variables.
• Carrying out the investigation – Correct usage of
instruments, apparatus, and materials correctly,
observation(s) is/are done meticulously, cleaning
and storage of instruments and apparatus after
the experiment, as well as correct disposal of
waste materials.
• Collecting data – Data or observation recorded
efficiently, systematically with various methods.
• Analysing data – Data is converted into a more
meaningful form, such as a graph.
• The relationship between the responding variable
and the manipulated variable is determined.
• Data interpretation – Data is interpreted logically
and objectively. The information obtained is then
described clearly into smaller parts to find the
relationship or connection between the parts of
information or data collected.
• Making a conclusion – Hypothesis is accepted
or rejected and a conclusion is derived from the
experiment.
• Making a report – A report is written based on the
steps of the scientific method.
5 (a) (i) How does the presence of amylase enzyme
affect starch hydrolysis?
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 (ii) Starch can be hydrolysed in the presence
of amylase enzyme compared to without
the presence of amylase enzyme.
(iii) Manipulated variable: presence of amylase
enzyme
Responding variable: starch hydrolysis
Fixed variables: time and temperature
(b) The pupil must inform the teacher/lab assistant
as soon as possible and restrict access to the
spill area (stop other pupils from coming near
the spill area).
Essay Questions
6 (a) • M
 ake sure the victim does not run around
and instruct him/her to lie down.
• Use a fire blanket to put out the fire once the
victim lies down.
• If there is no fire blanket, roll the victim on
the floor.
• Inform the teacher or lab assistant as
quickly as possible so the victim can get
immediate treatment.
• The fire alarm should be activated at once.
(b) • Immediately inform the teacher or lab
assistant.
• Use sulphur powder to cover the mercury
spill.
• Restrict the spill area to prevent further
accidents.
• Report the accident to the fire brigade and
rescue team.
(c) To study the effect of sugar on the growth of
yeast (EXPERIMENT)
Problem statement:
What is the effect of sugar on the time taken
for the dough to double in size?
Hypothesis:
The time it takes for the dough to double in
size is shorter with the presence of sugar.
3 Biology Form 4
DLP_Biology F4_Answers_Chap 1.indd 3
Variables:
Manipulated variable:
Presence of sugar
Responding variable:
The time it takes for the dough to double its
size
Fixed variables:
Amount of flour, yeast and water used, water
temperature, and time taken to knead the
dough
Materials:
1.5 g yeast, 5 g glucose, 100 ml lukewarm
water, cloth and 170 g flour
Apparatus:
1000 ml beaker, 250 ml conical flask, mixing
bowl and stopwatch
Procedure:
  1. Mix the glucose with a little bit of
lukewarm water in a conical flask.
  2. Dissolve the yeast in the glucose mixture.
  3 Leave the yeast suspension for 20
minutes. This is to ensure the yeast is
activated and grows.
  4. Put half of the flour in the mixing bowl.
  5. Once the yeast mixture has expanded
and bubbles, make a hole in the middle
of your mixing bowl and pour in the yeast
mixture.
  6. Mix the mixture well to make a soft
dough.
  7. Add the rest of the flour gradually until it
becomes difficult to mix the dough.
  8. Sprinkle some flour on the table surface
and put the dough on it.
  9. Knead the dough for 10 minutes until it
becomes smooth, elastic and not sticky.
10. Knead the dough by folding it and
pressing it downwards with your palms.
Squeeze the dough and fold and press
the dough repeatedly.
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 11. Put the dough in a 1000 ml beaker. Press
the dough down and record its volume.
12. Cover the beaker with a clean cloth
and put it in a place with moderate
temperature.
13. Start the stopwatch and record the time it
takes for the dough to double in size.
14. Repeat the whole procedure to prepare
the second dough using the same
materials but without adding glucose.
15. Write a report regarding the experiment.
Results:
Time taken for dough
Dough to double in size or
volume (minute)
Dough with
glucose
Dough without
glucose
Enrichment
7 Some of the effects of Industrial Revolution 4.0 on
daily life
• Artificial Intelligence or A.I. Through A.I., a
system is created to study the environment and
enhance the relationship between humans,
physical equipment and the digital world.
• Cloud Processing Technology in storage
and processing of data, that connects smart
senses to equipment via internet connection,
DLP_Biology F4_Answers_Chap 1.indd 4
Cybersecurity to protect data and minimise
risks, and 3D printing that eases prototype
development.
• Automated Robotic Technology is able to operate
in a working environment that is similar to
humans.
• Virtual Reality can provide information virtually,
Intermediate Reality can combine the physical
and virtual worlds, and Big Data Analytics uses
data collected for service provision and more
accurate projections.
8 (a) The first step is to get information about tissue
culture technique. This can be done by:
• Surfing the internet
• Referencing printed materials such as
journals or electronic references
• Visiting local universities or research
institutions to obtain the information needed.
(b) From the information obtained, data regarding
the production of a new plant from a chosen
cell, for example an orchid plant, can be
collected.
(c) A report is prepared. The report contains the
method of planting using tissue culture along
with interesting graphics and a discussion
on how the technique is carried out. Current
issues regarding the technique can also
discussed.
(d) At the end of the report, conclusion is made
regarding tissue culture technique.
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