‘Table 1. ‘Table 2. ‘Table 3. ‘Table 4. ‘Table 5. Fig 1. Table 3, Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Table 3. Table 6. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Table 7. Fig. 134. Fig. 138, Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. + For aqueous and organic solutions see page 161 on which is given approximate formulas. APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA CONTENTS Conversion factors . . . Thermal Conductivities* ies of common materials. ies of gases and vapors. . ‘Thermal conduetivities of hydrocarbon liquids... Specific Heatst Specific heats of metals . . Specific heats of liquids... Specific heats of gases at 1 atm Specific heats of hydrocarbon liquids . Specific heats of hydrocarbon gases and vapors. Specific Gravities' Specific gravities of metals... . . 793 795 799 801 Specific gravities and molecular weights of liquids... ss. Specific gravities of hydrocarbons. Equilibrium Data® Equilibrium constants for hydrocarbons ‘Vapor pressures of hydrocarbons... . . Enthalpies and Latent Heats Enthalpies of pure hydrocarbons . Enthalpies of light hydrocarbons . Enthalpies of petroleum fractions... . . . Latent heats of vaporization... ..... - ‘Thermodynamic properties of steam. Viscosities? Viscosity conversion chart... Viscosity correction chart for gases . Viscosities of liquids... 2... . Viscosities of gases and vapors. Values of k(c/k)* for hydrocarbons. See also Fig. 18.14. ToL - 808 804 805 807 810 . SL 812 813 814 815 . 816 - 820 820 823 825 826792 Fig. 17. Fig. 18. Fig. 19. Fig. 20. Fig. 21. Fig. 22, Fig. 23, Fig. 24. Fig. 25. Fig. 26. Fig. 27. Fig. 28, Fig. 29. Table 8. ‘Table 9. Table 10. Table 11, ‘Table 12. PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Temperature Difference Corrections! Calorie temperature factor... LMTD correction factors for 1-2 exchangers LMTD correction factors for 2-4 exchangers . LMTD correction factors for 3-6 exchangers . LMTD correction factors for 4-8 exchangers . LMTD correction factors for 5-10 exchangers LMTD correction factors for 6-12 exchangers. Heat-transfer Data* ‘Tube-side heat-transfer curve... ‘Tube-side water-heat-transfer curve. . . ‘Tube-side fraction factors, . ‘Tube-side return-pressure losses. Shell-side heat-transfer curve. Shell-side fraction factors. . Approximate overall heat-transfer coefficients. Layout Data ‘Tube-sheet layouts (tube counts). . ‘Heat-exchanger and condenser-tube data. Steel-pipe dimensions (IPS) a Fouling Factors Fouling factors. Pee ee 4See Index for corrections. See Index for other data. 827 828, 829 831 832 833 834. 835 836 837 839 841APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA ‘Tapie 1. Conversion Facrors anp Constants Energy and power: Btu = 0.252 kg-cal Btu = 0.298 watt-hr Btu = 0.555 peu (pound centigrade unit) Btu = 778 ft-lb Btu/min = 0.236 hp Hp = 42.4 Btu/min Hp = 33,000 ft-lb/min Hp = 0.7457 kw Hp-br = 2543 Bru Kw = 1.3415 bp Watt-hr = 3.415 Btu Fluid flow: Bbl/hr = 0.0936 efm Bbl/hr = 0.700 gpm Bbl/day = 0.0292 gpm Bbl/day = 0.0039 cfm Cfm = 10.686 bbl/hr Gpm = 1.429 bbl /hr Gpm = 34.8 bbl/day Gpm x # (specific gravity) = 500 X «lb/hr Heat-transfer coefficients: Btu/(hr)(ft)(°F) = 1.0 peu/(hr) (ft*)(°C) Btu/(hr)(ft*)(*F) = 4.88 kg-cal /(hr)(m*)(°C) Btu/(hr) (ft*)(*F) = 0.00204 watts /(in.*) (°F) Length, area, and volume: Bbl = 42 gal Bbl = 5.615 ft? Om = 0.8937 in. Ft? = 0.1781 bbl Ft? = 7.48 gal Ft? = 0.0283 m? ‘M? = 6.290 bbl ‘M? = 35.314 ft* Ft = 30.48 om Ft = 0.3048 m Gal = 0.02381 bbl Gal = 0.1337 ft? Gal = 3.785 liter Gal = 0.8327 gal (Imperial) In, = 2.54 em Liter = 0.2642 gal Liter = 1.0567 at M = 3.281 ft Fett = 0,0929 m? M? = 10.76 ft* 793794 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Pressure Atm = 83,03 ft of water at 60°F Atm = 20.92 in, Hg at 32°F Atm = 760 mm Hg at 32°F Atm = 14.696 psi Atm = 2116.8 lb/ft? Atm = 1.033 kg/em* Ft of water at 60°F = 0.4331 psi In, of water at 60°F = 0.0361 psi Kg/em! = 14.223 psi Pai = 2.809 Ft of water at 60°F Temperature: ‘Temperature °C = 5¢(°F — 32) ‘Temperature °F = %(°C + 32) ‘Temperature °F absolute (°R) = °F + 460 ‘Temperature °C absolute (°K) = °C + 273 Thermal conducti Btu/(hr) (ft) (°F /ft) = 12 Btu/(hr) (ft?) (°F /in.) Btu/(hr) (ft#)(°F/ft) = 1.49 kg-cal /(hr)(m*)(°C/m) Beu/(hr)(ft#)("F/it) = 0.0178 watts/(em?)(*C/em) Viscosity (additional factors are contained in Fig. 18): Poise = 1 g/(cm)(sec) Centipoise = 0.01 poise Centipoise = 2.42 Ib/(ft) (br) Weight: Lb = 0.4536 ke Lb = 7000 grains ‘Ton (short or net) = 2000 Ib ‘Ton (long) = 2240 Ib ‘Ton (metric) = 2205 Ib Ton (metric) = 1000 kg Constants: Acceleration of gravity = 32.2 ft/sec? Acceleration of gravity = 4.18 X 10* ft /hr Density of a cubic foot of water = 62.5 Ib/ft®APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 795 ‘Tasie 2, Tueaaat Conpucrivirres or Sous Buruprva anp INsvLATING Mareriats* & = Btu/(hr)(ft*) (F /ft) ‘Apparent density Material p, Ib/tt °F k at room temperature Acrogel, silica, opacified. . 8.5 248 | 0.018 554 | 0.026 Asbestos-cement boards 120 68 | 0.43 Asbestos sheets. 55.5 124 | 0.096 Asbestos slate. { 112 32 0.087 42 140 | 0.114 Asbestos. 29.3 | —328 | 0.043 29.3 32 | 0.000 36 32 | 0.087 36 az | out 36 302 | 0.120 36 752 | 0.129 43.5 | —828 | 0.000 fess 32 | 0.135 Aluminum foil, 7 air spaces per 2.5 in } 0.2 100 | 0.025 361 | 0.038 Ashes, wood 32-212 | 0.041 Asphalt... oo 132 68 | 0.48 Boiler seale (ref. 364). Bricks Alumina (92-99% Al:0s by weight) fused...J ...... sor | 1.8 Alumina (64-65% Al,03 by weight). ee eee 2399 | 2.7 (Bee also Bricks, fire clay). : 5 1472 | 0.62 115 2012 | 0.63 Building brickwork... ee 68 | 0.4 Chrome brick (32% CrOs by weight). 200 392 | 0.67 200 3202 | 0.85 200 2309 | 1.0 Diatomaceous earth, natural, across strata| 27.7 309 | 0.051 27.7 1600 | 0.077 Diatomaceous, natural, parallel to strata] 27.7 399 | 0.081 277 1600 | 0.106 Diatomaceous earth, molded and fired.....| 38 399 | 0.14 38 1600 | 0.18 Diatomaceous earth and clay, molded and fired ....... 42.8 309 | 0.14 42.8 1600 | 0.19 Diatomaccous earth, high burn, large pores ee : 37 302 | 0.13 37 1832 | 0.34796 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Tasue 2, Taerma Conpucrivirtes of Sox Burne anv Insuuarine Marertars. *—(Continued) ‘Apparent density Material op, Ib/ft °F k at room, temperature Bricks: (Continued) | | | Fire clay, Missouri.......... : soz | 0.58 112 | 0.85 1832 | 0.95 2552 1.02 Kaolin insulating brick ............... 2 932 | 0.15 7 2102 | 0.26 Kaolin insulating firebrick ..... 19 392 | 0.050 19 1400 | 0.113 Magnesite (86.8% MgO, 6.3% Fes, 3% CaO, 2.6% SiOs by weight)......... 158 309 | 2.2 158 1202 | 1.6 158 2192 | 1.1 Silicon carbide brick, recrystallized ........| 129 mz | 10.7 | 129 1472] 9.2 129 1832 | 8.0 129 2192 | 7.0 129 2552 | 6.3 Calcium carbonate, natural........0...... 162 86 | 1.3 White marble. a ce LT Chalk........ . 96 we | 04 Calcium sulphate (8110), artificial... | 84.6 104 | 0.92 Plaster, artificial ee 132 167 | 0.48 Building : oe 17.9 7 | 0.25 Cambric, varnished... . seen 100 | 0.09 Carbon, gas... 32-212 | 2.0 Cardboard, corrugated. . ae 0.037 Celluloid. Gosnccaese : 87.3 86 | 0.12 Charcoal fiakes............. 11.9 176 } 0.043 15 176 | 0.081 Clinker, granular puosunBoccao 32-1292] 0.27 Coke, petroleum... 22 | 3.4 932 | 2.9 Coke, powdered. pee ee : 32-212) O01 Conerete, cinder. . : 0.20 1:4 dry... 0.44 Stone....... fees 0.54 Cotton wool. : 5 86 | 0.024 Cork board : ce cee 10 86} 0.025 Cork, ground... Baneego00 9.4 86 | 0.025 Regranulated. 8.1 86 | 0.026APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA ‘797 ‘Tasuz 2, Taxman Conpucrivirms or Sous Burupine anp IxsvnaTine Mareriats.*—(Continued) ‘Apparent density Material a, Ib/it F k at roora temperature Diatomaceous earth powder, coarse . .. 20.0 100 | 0.036 20.0 1600 | 0,082 Fine . 17.2 309 | 0.040 17.2 1600 | 0.074 ‘Molded pipe covering 28.0 309 | 0.051 26.0 1600 | 0.088 4 vol. calcined earth and 1 vol. cement, poured and fired ........ 61.8 309 | 0.16 61.8 1600 | 0.28 Dolomite... paposuepb5q9o0qde0) 167 12 | 10 Ehonite . 0.10 Enamel, silicate. 38 0.5-0.75 Felt, wool. 20.6 86 | 0.03 Fiber insulating board 14.8 70 | 0.028 Fiber, red 80.5 6s | 0.27 With binder, baked. 68-207 | 0.007 Gas carbon. 32-212) 2.0 ee ; 0.2-0.78 139 86-167 | 0.63 Soda glass....... 0.3-0.44 Window glass... fees 0.3-0.61 Granite... 00..0000ccecseeeeenees 1.0-2.3 Graphite, dense, commercial. 26.7 Powdered, through 100 mesh. 30 104 | 0.104 Gypsum, molded and dry.......... 78 6s | 0.25 Hair, felt, perpendicular to fibers 17 86 | 0.021 Tee..... 57.5 a2 | 1.3 Infusorial earth (eee Diatomaceous earth) Kapok... en 0.88 68 | 0.020 Lampblack. 10 0.038 Lava. sees a 0.49 Leather, sole... : 62.4 cess | 0.092 Limestone (15.3 vol % 10)... 103 75 | 0.54 Linen ce Su6g80 86 | 0.05 Magnesia, powdered...... 49.7 u7 | 0.35 Magnesia, light carbonate. ..... 19 70 | 0.04 Magnesium oxide, compressed 49.9 6 | 0 a Marble............ re es798 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Taste 2, Tuerwat Conpucrivrrmes or Some Bumping aNp INSULATING Marertars.*— (Continued) Apparent ] density, Material p, Ib /ft® °F k at room temperature | Mica, perpendicular to planes 122 0.25 Mill shavings. .. | 0.033-0.05 Mineral wool 9.4 86 0.0225 19.7 | 86 0.024 Paper..... see 0.075 Paraffin wax ) 32 0.14 Petroleum coke. | | 212 3.4 932 2.9 Porcelain. 392 0.88 Portland cement (see Concrete) 194 0.17 Pumice stone. 70-151 0.14 Pyroxylin plastics wees 0.075 Rubber, hard. 74.8 32 | 0.087 Para 70 | 0.109 Soft. 1 ~ ot 70 | 0.075-0.092 Sand, dry...... 94.6 68, 0.19 Sandstone 140 | 104 1.06 Sawdust. 12 70 0.03 Seale (ref. 364) | Silk, 6.3 ea 0.026 Varnished | j _,00 | 0.096 Slag, blast furnace 75-261 | 0.064 Slag wool... 42a | 86 0.022 Slate. { | 201 0.86 Snow. . 34.7 32 0.27 Sulphur, monoclinic 212 | 0.09-0.007 Rhombic...... | : 70 | 0.16 Wallboard, insulating type 14.8 70 0.028, Wallboard, stiff pasteboard 43 86 | 0.04 Wood shavings. 8.8 86 0.034 Wood, across grain Balsa. 7-8 86 | 0.025-0.03 Oak | 51.5 59 0.12 Maple | 44.7 wz | ou Pine, white. . 34.0 59 0.087 Teak, 40.0 59 0.10 White fir. 28.1 140 0.062 Wood, parallel to grain Pine : 34.4 70 | 0.20 Wool, animal 6.9 86, 0.021 * From L. 8. Marks, “Mechanical Engineers’ Handbook,” McGraw-Hill Book Company, Ine., New York, 1941.APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 799 ‘Tapue 3. Tuerwat Conpverivirms, Spzciric Hears, Spscrtc Gravinins o¥ Merats axp Autors & = Beu/(hr) (ft*)(°F /tt) ke 7 119 155 10 9. 4 3 56 60 67 224 218 207 53. 82, 169. 170. 32 30 25 34. 27. 20 19 18 92 4. 36 34 32 242 238 26 26 21 32 65 64 bt 6 7 7 9 7 2 0 8 ao Specific heat,t Btu/(b) CF) 0.183 0.1824 0.1872 0.0493 0.0508 0.0294 0.0304 0.1315t 0.14884 0.2015 0.1487 0.1712 0.2684 0. 0. 0.1064 0.1178 0.1519 See Iron See Iron 0.0306 0.0315 0.0335, 0.255 0.0320 0.1050 0.4170 0.1408, 0.0557 0.0571 See Iron See Iron See Iron 0.0342 0.0917 0.0958 0.1082 Specific gravity 2.55-7.8 9.8 8.48.7 | 8.88.95 j 8-85 1925-1935 7038-718 7.6-7.9 11.34 woe | 10.4-10.6 7.83 16.6 6.9-7.2 : Substance | Temp, °F Aluminum 32 Aluminum 212 Aluminum 932 Antimony 32 | Antimony a2 | Bismuth 64 Bismuth 212 Brass (70-30) 32 Brass 212 Brass 752 Copper 32 Copper 212 Copper 932, Cadmium 64 Cadmium 212 Gold 64 Gold 212 Iron, cast 32 Tron, cast 212 Tron, cast 752 Iron, wrought 64, Tron, wrought 212 Load 32 Lead 212 Lead 572 ‘Magnesium 32-212 Mercury 32 Nickel 32 Nickel 212 Nickel 572 Silver 32, Silver 212 Steel 32 Steel 212 Steel 2 ‘Tantalum 64 Zine 32 Zine, 212 Zine 752, + From L. §. Marks, “Mechanical Baginea “York, 1941, ‘t From K. K, Kelley, U.S. Bur, Mine Bull. 971 (1989). Weighted value for copper and zine. Handbook,” MeGr ‘Book Company, Inc., New800 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Tasix 4. THermaL Conpuctivirres oF Liquins* i = Btu/(br)(it#) (*F/ft) A linear variation with temperature may be assumed. The extreme values given constitute also the temperature limits over which the data are recommended. “quid —F z Liquid, °F iz oe eee racic ete tome [Eee | etme gS al | BB Fat sett ra bite a Ake Abra : oe Ales Ammonia. eeee 5-86) 0.29 | K 167 } 0.081 see amen FE eles He ape i | 8/38 Aniline. . os 132-68 0, | 68 | 0-234 Benzene, 86 | 0 | 12 | o:tte brombenen a) 2/8 7-85) 0 86 | 0.095 Dry geg oho pe 8 sates a | 388 (iso-). . 50 | 0. 140 igen Calsium ebloride brine 29%. 88 | 9 180 | 0-082 3 Coon inhi #3 te | oo 8 ‘Tetrachloride. 8 Mo ; op |om chin : 23] 238 te ‘ a Su é 2 Date issn a8 ap 8 1B |B [rome i Tyelerigiee ccc |B 18) ES pocteoraaee ahi emits cts oe a 86 | 0.096 | Ptopyl sleokol (n-) 18 8.688 ese oe) Diy gene om sty 3 B38 a lium. . . . 49 Be Sle as ae Ba ten co in ge | BB 100 %. 9-087 | Stearic acid. . 212 | 0.0786 Benzene. . 0.086 | Sulfurie acid 90%. 2198 eit oe aE else Ba 3 # | BRR ; ee 1 Set |e zi als Bayle doen | B88 1 | gmt Sirgen) ag | gone [eta | |B Glyoerel 190 95.60.00. 68 | 0.164 | ptichloroethylene...-.- geo] ag Re oe ae gop. I) ee | 0:25 1 * sa L AN BB oie : ‘Hexane (n-). ‘86 | 0.080 | Xylene (ortho-) 68 | 0.090 1 LEG Poe foe | loa Pipa Fagg © His "Ghonical Baginor’ Handbook.” 8d ed, McGraw-Hill Book Company, Tae Now ork, 1586. a = ereAPPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 801 Taste 5. Turrmay Conpucriviries or Gases anp Varors* i = Btu/(hr) (ft?) CF /tt) ‘The extreme temperature values given constitute the experimental range. For extrapolation to other temperatures, it is suggested that the data given be plotted as log k vs. log 7 or that use be made of the assumption that the ratio cu/k is practically independent of temperature (or of pressure, within moderate limits). Substance wos — ve Avetoas . sal 0.0097 | Dicklorodituoromethane......-| 82] 0.0048 115) 0.0074 122) 0.0004 21) 0.0000 29] 00080 369) 0.0147 soa) 0-007 caylee ~109| 0 0068 | Behan. = 0.0008 330.0108 Tan] 00008 129] 0-010 $2) o-o10e il o.oir2 21] 0.0178 Ai. 143] 0.0006 | Btn actate iia 0.0072 43] 0.0100 29] 0.0088 an] ovo18s 5ea| ocovet 50a] 0.0208 ssl 00080 sal 0-068 i 0.01% Armonia cccccccsssecesseve] TO] 0.0008 3) 0.0068 3a] 0-018 29) 0.0006, 129] oor 363] 0.0138 213 0.0185 413) ov0182 Biber cose 22 0.0077 Bente, J] 22) 0.0082 116, 0.0000 3 occas 213 0.0181 20 0.0108 aaa) 0:0180 409] 0182 13) 0.0200 43) 0.0176 | Rthplene... «| 29] 00008 29] 0.0078 so} 010, au] 0-018 129] 01st 2a) 0.0080 29 o.o1et 2n| 0.0199 75960088 | Heptane (a. «| 0.0112 32) 0.0085, 212) 0.0103 2120-0185 | Hexane (v9. 3) o-oora 302) 0.0181 6s] 0.0080 572| 0.0228 | Hoxene......... | 53] occoe: Dislphide.sssccccccesecceef 29] 0.0000 aia] 0.0100 45) 0.0012 | Hydrogen... «| ise 000s Monosie | -si2] oooet iss Ov0ss Te ooo 3 0100 2a] 0.0138 wml 0.118, ‘etrachoride | 88] coon bil 0.130 2] ocansd oma] 0.8 | 363) 0.0065 || Hydrogen and carbon dioxide. 33] Chlorine scesesees 2a) 0.004 | oe : 0.0088 Chioreform. “| ga) oc0oes | 20% 0.0188 119] 0.004 | dost 0.70 212 o'0088 | 0% o.o40 4ea| 0.0077 | 80% 0.20 Cyetohexsne dre] o-oo | 1003 oo802 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Taste 5. Tuermat Conpucrivities or Gases anp Varors.*—(Continued) Sates w]e Sutetanee wl. Svdronn and trode | sino xn of 0.018 on. OL | seca st 0 ote 60%. aa 0.0438 | 1221 0.0160 80%. : | 0.0635, | 212| 0.0180 sae a ata onde] | Sic xe | 2a 8 oe oni o.oo 29 oer oe (oo) Bae oe | 25} .et fous 180.008 oe |p) Soe 78) oes usta iis ai oom oo ou | 122] 0.0164 Moan | 48 6:oi00 | | 58) 0.0145 } Pentane (n-) { 32) 0.0074 | Boone oe oven | aos) Gay $2 oars ‘Methyl aleohol. . | 32) 0.0083 212| 0.0127 22d over | ropes 2 ower & ones Poe 28 osteo 2) o.eeas | tise eens)“ 009 dou coir 20088 ral ests ‘Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,” 8d ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., Now York, 198APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 803, 0.10 e 3 0.08 0.07 Thermal conductivity k,Btu/hr (Ft)? (°F/#t) 0 ~ 100 200 300, 400 500-600 Fra, 1._ ‘Thermal conductivities of hydrocarbon liquids. (Adapted from Natl. Bur. Standards Mise, Pub. 97.)804 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Spocitic heot= Btu/(Ib.Oe9.F.) Ne. Tiguid Range Dear 29 Acetic Acid 100! 32-178 32 | Acetone * 68-122 ‘Ammonia Amy Alcohol amyl Acetate Aniline zene Benzyl Alcohol Benzyl Gniorige Brine, 25% Goce Brine, 25% Noc! Buty! ‘Alcohol Gorbon Diuitide f Carbon Tetrachioride Ghlorobenzene Ghioroferm Deg. F. 400 Bo mmm id wn ROILAGHAS IOS OANHSADSSAORIRO 300 a 8 Se 110 o® oa Mages 119 OBe0 On loin = BLS uwIII VES" SBA Dowtherm Ethyl Acetote ‘Alcohol 100: derbies wmmardrucia 200 28023 os BASG-RSSRSSRIaL” s our*2ESIWTAV g z+ as 2 os 100 Liquid Freon-Ii(CCi5F) *120CGief) ‘o7 Heptone Hexone B10 08 0.9 3 10 Hydrochloric Acid, 30% sebum alcohol Isopropyl Alcohol S| 40] Men? auconol Methyl Gnioride 7100 S118 |Nirobensere Nonane Perchlorethylene Propyl Alcohol Suiturle Acid 96% Suitur Dioxige 3 Hiylene Ortho 3 P'S"* Reto Fig. 2. Specific heats of liquids. (Chilion, Colburn, and Vernon, based mainly on data from International Critical Tables, Perry, ‘Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,” 3d ed, MeGraw- isoamy! Alcohol Isopropyl Ether Naphthole 34 33 [Octane 3 29 |Pyeld riding 9 Ww 23 |Toluene 83 7] + Pore Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1950.)APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 805 40 1 2 ° 3.0 c 20 = Specitic hoot = Btu (10) (deg. F) 3 5 o °38 on a ue ‘Acetylene woo O & 7 °Q 5 a 8] aie ® os vamonle o - 1110-258 08 carbon Dioxide a 3° Gordon Monoxide 76 seine 88 os gw BOE Eman | O o 8, It 110. 026 o,F—0.3 22 230 gS 20 Etnytene 2 @ 230.9 : 1i%0-2580] Freon! (66k ay (ene FY Bicuciay | 32 81 yerailaoenrctin) | 32 @ F-08 rogen 2| Meroe 1136 ° 38 | nyccogen gromige 38 35| Mscoven Briones =| 38 2| © Fluoride | 38 Bp: OB 2 is Sst 2 at . 1230 3 $70 25 | trie oxide fae. os trie Ox 38 | nitrogen” es eos trogen #3 | Oxygen z we f°°8 33] sutur 330. © oor | Biter oe 't| water 38 os 0.05 Fro. 3. Specific heats of gases at 1 atm, (Perry, “‘ Chemical Engineers’ Handbook," 3d ed., ‘McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1950.)PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 806 001 saoqouy uorneapoioE sey = 9 [ever 6s “Fe “meus “ous “pus unosgy pun quoseH]] “sPybY| UoqrEsrPAy Jo sywoy OgWOdS °F “O1g oon 01 P sip BU LYEIINAL, 9 3 Haim syo0as Soy ‘yos BOLD¥S NOLLSBEICD iso UL UBHLO a lo ig iB 8 NHL (40)(91)/N1LE 1LV3H O1dIO3dS8 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA Loy SPECIFIC HEAT OF HYDROCARBON VAPORS ‘ATONE ATMOSPHERE PRESSURE Bees 09 BES e 8} 0.7] | os} Cp BTU / (LB) (°F) 0.4} 03) oa 200 ° 200 400 600 200 1000 ‘TEMPERATURE °F Fra. 5. Specific heats of hydrocarbon vapors at 1 atm. (Holcomb and Brown, Ind. Eng. Chem., 84, 595 (1942),]808 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Taste 6. Specwic Gravrries anp Mouecunar Weicurs or Liquws Compound wat | Compound wat | Aciadehyde. 1 hoa sas.a | oe ad 00% 9 ot dea ist] ioe Sd ron | Fernie wo | 1a Acetic anbydride. 09 Giveerol 100%. 92.1) 1.26 ‘inves 74 Siero, 508 | iis Aiptatial aq erase a] os Semon, 100% rel rllcanes 1 8. Ammonia 20% 9) Lnpope sk wo.t| 0.70 nyt nwa 38 Stercury | aoe | 2:38 ‘nyt alah Bt] Methanol, 30056 32.8 | 0.79 satin. of Metnanal, 90% oe Abit 20 Methanol, SOc =] ose ‘rte Uhisde. ie Motil eatate “) ake] oss Bante oe 34 Mety| code | tas} oles Pine Cut 289% 28] Medi etyt Keone. -0..| Tat] 8.8 tne Sacto “to Nopktatn 1] iia Bromtalune tbo “ta| Ni ct 98% | ie Bromotdlucn, meta, fi] Nie act 0% | 338 Bromotuese, “td Niccbensae i] Xap Butane 2] Nissen, ois tra Las i-Butane..... 60] Nitrotalnene, mata wf 337.1} 1.36 Buutaciis- a icoauce, pre ira] tas bul alec tif Octane commnujama| oie Fun let 2] Oct eco. “| i) oa Buty a | Pentacborotnae aes] ter Spuyas ead oe naire “]fa| oss Caren diode am Men | St] for Chron dia Uae] Phonon tdvomide. 0 --..| ams | 288 Carbon tte, Kot Pieprs wonder |r Chlorobenseee Litera wa 0.0 Chlrotore Lao] Provint aid S] ra] os Chlowedfoci ai Up aboot dest | toa] oso Chtorotauene, os ta eProps! brome Jassie) 3s hloretatune, neta, | a6:8 | er] wong! conde. 00000000] face | Oca “Ghloroteluene, pre Ltr eProps ide cites | 8 re mete 109 Sedum, 2] ise | oor Cyclohexanol. 0.96] Sodium hydroxide, 50%. 1.53 Ditromo metbane. ters | 2°00 Stans ede Bs Diet saan. 99.0 | Ltt] sulfur doe. is Dichlore methane 62:9 | 1a] Salts ai 0a ts Distt orate.” wea 1 Lat Dimes oui tie:t | aa ule ec eo ia Diptengl 104.2 | 0:99 Sulu stone a] er Dipeoplwxalaie 141 | Sal fete clothe... 3] ap ii cota 1 | 0:0 teen cloccthytne ‘sie | se Buby leche 10% 26.1] 0:79] Tetum teeter it | 133 Ful aol go wolf ois Ravens oat oer Ett aol, 20% oq tehlorccine wit] tas Ey! benene Ova Vino aentate se1| 0.98 Bil bromide Tal water we0| 10 ul elon 09a Xotecs, eri soot | Ocer Bayle. ocr} Xeon ate too-t | oes ug foes Ota] Sole, pres so0.1 | Ouse At approximately 68°F, These values will be satisfactory, without extrapolation, for most engi- neering problems.APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 809 10 SPECIFIC, GRAVITY ve TEMPERATURE i FETROLEUM 0} = oat to Knaes ye Lob Bulletin SEH EE Ne.2s, BS0la bit also Natural Gasaline os EF Aipphmane far 0 Buln, ES Bos Zor & 2 B06 os oa s i i ge ace 0 a 900 ese A eure 500 cae 00 ests 00 00 Temperature,*F Fre. 6. Specific gravities of hydrocarbons.[even 18 4 “suoqawoospAy Joy sqUDYStOO UMBTMG “) “oi woyg “Oug pur ‘hunep pun pqoyog] Methane -| vapor | quid t |p |__| __% 7 ay t ‘3a | 0 .ogssa0-01608! 3306 1075-8|0.0000| aa 35 | 0:09005/0:01602 2047 11077: 10:0064 35 4 | 0:12170)0:01603/2444 1979: 3)0: 0102) a 45 | 0:14752/0: 01602 2036.4 1081 310.0262 is 5 | 0:i78ti)0:01603 1703:2 10887)0:0361 % 0 | 0.2563 [0.01604 1206.6 1088.010.056512 so 0 [0:01606| 897-8 110923 0.0733 1. % 2 lo:o1608| 63:1 11006 60.0983) 0 lo:o1010) ‘08:0 1300:9)0: 111511: $0 Jo:01613| 350.3 {1103-2 0:1205)1. 100 lo.orsi7| 266.3 1109.5)0, 14711. 110 o:01620| 208° 35 1118:7]0:1643)1 20 jo:o1625) 197°32 117610: 1816) 330 0.01620] 122.99 1122-010: 1984|1" 140 jo:o1634} “98:06 1136:1)072189)1. ito lo.o1sso) 77.27 1130. 210. 2814)1. 180 lo-o1ess) 62:04 134"2)0. 247211 io jo:o16s1) 50:21 1138:1)0:2630|1; a0 lo:o16s7| 30:04 11820102789 1 380 jo:o168s) 38:62 rr. O)148 9038 300 lo.oxszol 27.80 971.6|1149.710. 200011. 210 lo:o1672) 26:78 970:3)1180:410"319011 22 lo:o1er7| 38:13 | 965.2] 1138°4/0: 329011: 30 lo:o1e84) 10:305 | 19: 28) 958.8) 1157-000: 3387|1 30 [o:01602| 16.306 | 958-31260:5 0300 340 0.01700) 13.804 245.5|1164. 010, 307511. 332311 e008] 250 [0:01709) 112746 938 77|1167 30.3817 13048) 16860) 360 locou7a7| 1 | 031.811170'6 0;3038 1. 2769|1.6727| 370 lo:o1736) "3.026 | 94:97 ]1178:8)0: 40961; 2601|1 8507] 280 57.558 |o‘o17a5] 7: | 2178/1680 4284 Basalt or 380 97.018 |o.o1745| 6. 910.1]1170.710.4360|1.1980)1.6350) 800 Fes |ocorrss| ‘02'6|1189 5,0: 4504|1: 1724/1 6231] 310 80:68 [0.01769] $804°9)1185:210:g697|1: 1478) 320 103.08 jocorrve 4 a7 011187 7)0:4769)1" 1239 330 Tis.o1 [pcoi7e7| 3 §57970)1190-1|0:4900]1-0082 340 lo.orz00] 3. 870.7|1192.310. 5029|1.0754 380 lo-o1sui| 2: 862:2|1104-410: 158|1-0810 360 :o1szs| 2 85375|1190 310. 8286/1-0287 370 lo:o1ss6) 3: ‘44.6|1108.1|0.5415 1:0059 30 jo:o1sso| 2: 855141199. 610.5530/0; 0852 390 lo.orses} 1. 26.0) 1201 .ol0.56}0. 9808) 490 lo:o1sva] 1 816.3|1202.1)0.8788)0.9980 0 lo:orsoa) 1 $08: 3|1208.1|0: 591210. 9160 0 lo:o1s10| i 796.0) S04 0 lo:o1926| 1 735.4) 1204 3)0:6158)0; 0 lo.o1a | 1. 774.5) 1204. 610.2800. 8513 40 lo:o1v8 | 0: 768: 1204 610.6402)0: 8208) 460 Jo:oies | 0: | 751:5}1204°3}0:652310; 8083 470 Jo:0200 | 9: | 789:4|1308:7)0:6845|0: 7863 0 (o:0202 | 0: Bo § 1202: 80 67050-0391 4418) 80 ‘0.0202 | 0. 713.9] 1201-710. 0887\0. 7438114925] 600 ‘o:a200 | 0. 4580:4)1198"210'713010:7009)1 136] B40 boas | 0: | €56:6/1198:2)0:7573)0:6508|1: 3042] B40 (o:o221 | 0: | €24:3/1186:4/0:763110:6121|1.3742| B60 locoaz8 | 0: | S88:3|1177'3,0:7872}0:050|1: 3609) 880 ‘0.026 | 0. 5|1165..5/0.8131)0..5176|1.3807| 600 lo:a247 | 0. 6|1130, 30.8508. 4664 1,302] 620 1:0200 | 01588) 9: r9sle78:6 | 452°0|1130:310:070,0:4110 1 2789] 640 ‘Ocoa7s | 0.1165] 0: 1482\714-2 | 300.2|1104.3'0. 8067 0.3485 1.2472] 66D 0:0308 | O:oato] | O:1119,737°3 {097 2)0: 0881/0: 2710|1.207%] 680 ‘0.0369 | 0.0302) 0,761|823.3 | 172.1| 995.410.9005 0. 1484/1. 1380| 700 jo:a303 | _°"o"""|_o:050s)902-7 | 70" '| 902-711-0580)" 11-0580) 708.4 * Abridged from ‘Thermodynamic Properties of Steam” by Joseph H. Keenan and Frederick G. Keyes, Join Wiley & Sons, Ine., Now York. ™818 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Tasiz 7. Turmmoprnamc Properties or Sream~ Properties of superheated steam* os ations)” [a | 300 | woo | se] eo | m0 saw Yo | 00 Leura sa gaps o-oo ar ae-9 Eire ee St eg a ar ates eer eee ete ar eee eg tea. aig sels een. arse a 2] au.4 gm ag aa TT HL oun doo oni sitar 21 2602 981 ALT. a0] 1863 loa are cual et co ool one coal nie in Bi] 8 ne a Att em 4 ei ta atl sid ae ne ae ni es 240 re. 10 5076.1] 9 a Zh. 6.08 eh 8 ae 8 a /1.8743|1.8261|1.9734|2.0170|2..0576|2..0968|2. 13i9|2. 1682|2. 1989|2. 2603|2. 3174 2g aa 9142 7a sve] 3-4 4. anal. 9.2 Re] tn eA a a ae A ks ae Peg les Oak tas gig Pon isn tide at oasis 08. rn an lar 2 2024 223,68 a He O22 0) At, canis, SEER Se tS atl sesso tristan asa a 4 2 ee 1 (101.74) ea ae 3 See 5 (302.2 Be a 10 098.2) = 28 prey Gi2.00) 8 SES 5 20 (227.95) ok ~ fata 1358 0196880 401480 sistas sais ltrs 1807 eunty ¢ otali-7is|1. zeit. 816at. sods, 0048. oto. o7é2-01002-0484 210462. 168. . 4,220] 7.oan] 7.707.029. oaltoo7 10801158912. 2028, 0016, 225 te 0, 7an}s380,5 878 say 7 4do 1181-9] alles. 217i 1880. & Gu) &. 2 eral] rails] seis ey ovis 2.078 2.1908 be j++} 887 8.560) 928], ena] 7.14 soa], 3] 9.280] 08611 ool, 208 sok 2a .30 11880 596 oe oto s30, liso 16g. 7 rie 218683 irs ¢ (ccc) tae aoat oan eta t-Ssa 1-016) 058| oer 04842. 1088 ‘ 4,081 406] 5.168508 6,10] 67a] 7.207] 7.710 8.212] 9.24110. 218 wok 12, 2731887.7 [Frese 1 e560, 2168416863 1718 1856.0 oitts) 6 -eabr|iosc|t- 730 raaat- sz, eods|t. 60010360664 2.0282- 0864 : 4,05] 8.054 4413] «ea 6 21] 5. ro8| 0.172) 600) 7.038] 708] 8.782 wk 1224 i] 2i8 2888 4]. tar tie 915307]. 9 t84 sri S87 (253.09 1-6oat|1698]1-71601 76518065431. ssi7| oa o40)2 0102-0068 : -| $008 3.443] 3.e4a| 4,244] 4.001] 5.015] 5. go] 570] 0,159 6.200] 7.456 io ik i728. 1985.0} 6 cldan.a[diy olibae 1881 aioh4 6748 a86 6 (368.60) 16061. ebi1. 7089, rae}. oii 6011 Be7|1 coil. e6i)t. 0962/2. 886 t 3.4] 3.o14| 3.411] 3.704 4.110] 4.asa| 4.702] 5.120 5.460 6.130] 6.804 ae f bol. 888 344 ole 18866181 ose as7i2 le 2 (78.06) ccc fiss|1-697 1056417065770 ner |. 8a aa|t-onit-0881 2.0404 2.301| 2,720] 3.000] 3.0] 3.600) 400) 4.200] 4.613| 4.017] 660i] 6.128 a0 Bias s88n 1890 ae 46 218880160 9635 717321868. e870) (0022) afd. oér| 1217661604145 eras. dal. 0a. 0067 2.195 2.405| 2.772] 8.one| 3.260] 8.634] 3.3] 4.101 4.467| 6.017] 5.585 ne 6,260 080 7a ois o} as. hb. lS. of680, 3742 s]4-7 980.88) 1-646|1.eti7 senda. ian. 45, roo 800]1-eosl. B67. 090712. 0181 garg 2.247] 2.53] 2.4] 8.ons| 8.327 35] 3.30] 4.0m 4.507] 5,100 20 og 5]ait 5 |8i6 bt. 8| aa asthe 91588 180 ola otti2 86 cota) {°SBi0H coos 1 t0i7 1. {aio sete e802. o06t 3.063 2.220] 2.580] 2. 3 4.20 4.107 200 jas a|dir 7 Fever ies ota oS eae eta oda o065 -figoer 2.358 3s] 4.370 a0 bf oh igs alae 9 (ath08) jor 6864 1 ogsi|- 8012 7675 2.005 3.674] 4.078 00 fear 6 3is 7 rit 0858.7 aires) {.occcc] ered eaas do 88 1, 42a oa 3.147 3,498 a0 $130.9 ty ol1080 1740, s888.1 stn 1-bui|1-corlt- 6563170046. 77. Bao e461. 00st 0663 es [eos ga6yt 4770s e508 aie} o7e7| 2.13 920] 2.545] 2.751] 3.088 “ fib. alton ante al aeg 42 4851660 gai2 6 ait at fab Ol oda ain rea TO 143i 68 858 * Abridged {rom “Thermodynamic Propertir of Steam,” b i. ‘and Frederick G. Keyes, John a ghee! rom "Themadynanic Properties of Steam,” by Jove H. Kenan and Frederick G. Keyes, Jon WileyAPPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 819 ‘Tape 7, TueRMopynamic Properties or Sream.—(Continued) Properties of superheated steam* Tenp, F 680 | 700 | 800 a8 ral 7516.8 ia0-9 444347 | 2501-0091 7108 soa 0515715 ids uier0 ata 160.0 oot, 04i5 6871 0 1 it a sas. 1.6163). 4.27681 i ht. 1.15231. 1783)1_ sos gta. 5| 1354 808 n 1.860). 1.07821 1500) 1880.18 i 5731.8875)1. 934 lo. 8880\0,0077|1-o108)t. 1.7405, 11 BS ove t84 1503s Liga a daca tiles *coc Sasi pei 1680] 14 osat 5-2 Jo‘euslo eral, roo; raza rsao, reso, 7e8o 570 oss 1 soea) anne ‘cc Raat 15a t-s Ta 1, t.0 ta. ass 4 fiasahiaer s aor{ dato 0026960601946 902] stie}t es lo:saslo sera, sao, e240 alt a1 3500 ral Rs Ma sige are nang ais aha Baad Ba Be Ml baal so m0 us, smog gs Eee eee at ay Pia aa a Bik Beka et sh a ea {a nz om am ae er? an ee aes 2a tig lb sig Sa bar ango soe era sgh aon a id Se ee eames a AU PB 8 Mg ad ‘gear ai70 up sre as OEE ER CRN Rea ACC Ee Psa ett kg ab i oh a jae are enen aoa coe 1214. 0|1388. 5/1260. 3) 5/1600. 411717 811835 .0 ss ae i Pas ewe bap 79 nora am eg ara en SRR Teron eee ecee mTUT ES 2S Pi PES tal a a 1731.0 tés6.3 1 7871|1- 8000) 8568 10.9615|1.oss3|1.2146 {17.3|1730,014845.0 6825|1.7245/1- 7886). 8474 1400 (87-10) 1600 (@04.90) 1800, (@21.03) 2000 (5.2) 0. 14840. 19860, 22040, 2710020630, 36730. 424410, «798 2500, 182.3147 81808, 6]1887_ 8145. 4|1546. 3/1706 11826,2 (968.13) 12987]. 307a|1.4127|1.477a|1.6273|1.0088)10776|1. 7880 (301810. 85050 3008, 3000 airs. 3|1608.0}1819.9 (095.36) 1.671 -eB4o)1. 7168 (0. 2s0sl0. 26710 3703, 3206.2 i660 6) 1604 el1ai7.2 (705.46) 1. sréa|t-e452)1. 7080 (o.2546!0, 2077/0 ase1 1863.3|1680, 8/1813. 1.5648} 6386 1.6968 lo. 2102/0. asso. 2043 1652.18. 7H 1807.2 i. 64i7|t-61é41-6705 lo. 1917J0. 227310. 2602 1540, 81678. 0 1-8286|t-S000|4. soi. 'o. 1806/0. 2027/0. 2520 1620,s|1665, 3) 1-606) 5830)1. 8490 (0. 151sl0. 1823/0, 2100, 1é18.2|1657.9} éPROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ENGLER DEGREES Poses) nd SPECRIC GRAVITY “ABSOLUTE. Trwese cURves ARE ORAWN TO FIT THE FOLLOWINa| KINEMATIC VISCOSTTY.CENTSTOKES # EQUATIONS WHICH MAY BE USED FOR EXTRAPOLATION [SeYOND THE RANOES PLOTTED, . NI EXPERIMENTAL DATA (© SAYBBEE UNIVERSAL RGR OPE WHEN R70. THEN Aneacogiene PHN ATSShr co savoocs Func. "FROM EXPERIMENTAL OATA a» mEDWCOD WO. Kacaen- MEW yo TO 8 90. ¢ meowoon wo. Keaain-8 wien tats TO 0 sec (@ meowooD no. 2 t=ilexReOWOOD HO. 1 THE @ ENGLER TIME K=109 (onen-224). On t=BE © CES RE SSRIS deraroxes Ecoeet oaks ROBES “ee ier es EI com ' * TIME W SECONDS SAYOOLT WAIVEREAL & PURO, REDWODD Ht 42, ENOL To Fra. 18a, Viscosity conversion chart, 3 ES SF 3 la Wieritcal At al 4 23 akog = YE rIe. 22 ip a = 2,09) 3 $ 02 03 04 06 08 10 2 3 4 567810 20 30 Reduced pressure, p= 8. -9) Fic. 135. Viscosity correction chart for gases at different pressures. Ind. Eng. Chem., 88, 715 (1940).] [Comings and Eoly,APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 821 Viscosrrms or Perroueum Fractions For temperature ranges employed in the text Coordinates to be used with Fig. 14 x Y 76°API natural gasoline 14.4 6.4 S6°API gasoline... 14.0 | 10.5 42°API kerosene 11.6 | 16.0 35°API distillate. . . 10.0 20.0 34°API mid-continent crude 10.3 21.3 28°API gas oil 10.0 | 23.6 Viscosrrms of ANIWaL ap Vacrtanie Ons* Acid | Sper, | x No. | 2c | * ¥ ‘Almond 2.85 | 0.188 | 6.9 | 28.2 Coconut. . 0.01 0.9226 6.9 26.9 Cod liver... , | eos | r7 | 277 Cottonseed 14.24 0.9187 7.0 28.0 Lard. 3.39 | 0.9138 | 7.0 | 28.2 Linseed 3.42 | 0.0207 | 68 | 27.5 Mustard .. | 0.9237 7.0 28.5 Neatsfoot. 13.35 0.9158 6.5 28.0 Olive. .. || cotoissls|eietoy [pasa Palm kernel 9.0 | 0.9190 | 7.0 | 26.9 Perilla, raw 1.36 0.9297 8.1 27.2 Rapeseed. 0.34 | ood | 7.0 | 28.8 Sardine. . 0.57 | 0.938 | 7.7 | 27.8 Soybean 3.50 0.9228 8.3 27.5 Sperm 0.80 | 0.8820 | 7.7 | 268 Sunflower. 2.76 | 0.9207 | 7.5 | 27.6 Whale, refined 0.73 | 0.9227 | 715 | 27.8 * Based on data at 100 and 210°F of A. R. Rescorla and F. L. Carnahan, Ind. Eng. Chem., 98, 1212- 1213 (1936). Viscosrtms or Commenctan Farry Acrps* 250 to 400°F Sp gr at 300°r| * ¥ Laurie 0.792 23.1 Oleic 0.799 25.2 Palmitic. 0.786 25.9 Stearie.. 0.789 25.5 + From data of D. Q. Kern and W. Van Nostrand, Ind. Eng. Chem. 44, 2209 (1949),. 822 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Viscosrrigs or Liquips* Coordinates to be used with Fig. 14 M ea Liquid Liquid x;y ‘Keetaldehyde..- [15-3 1-8 Freon-21 15-7 7.5 Acetic acid, 100%. :/12.1]14"2}Preon-22 17.2 47 Acetic acid, 70%. 9.5/17-0|Freon-113. - 12.5[11-4 Acetic anhydride 12°7)12-8}Freon-114. 14.6] 8:3 Acetone, 100% 14:5) 7:2\Glyeeroi, 100% 2:0/30:0 ‘Acetone, 35% 7.9}15.0\Glycerol, 50% 6:9]19:6 Allyl aleohol.. ».|10-2/14.3]Heptane.. 14:1) 8.4 Ammonia, 100% 12.6) 2-0|Fexane. . |. 14.7] 7.0 Ammonia, 26% {]10:1/13-‘glHydrochiorie acid, 81.5% 13.0116.6 Amy] acetate. :/11.8 12. 5[tsobutyl aleohol. . | 71I18:0 Amyl alcohol 7.5118. 4|[sobutyrie acid 12 .2]14.4 Aniline :] 8:1]18-7[Isopropyl alcohol 8.2/16.0 Amisole. 1/12-3]13-5)Mereury. 18.4116.4 Arsenic trichloride {}18-9)14.5|Methanol, 1009-1... 12.4110:5 Benzene... 12.5]10-9|Methanol, 90%...) f123)11°8 Brine, CaCls, 25% | 6.6|15-9] Methanol, 40%. 7815.5 Brine, NaCl, 25% ‘]10:2/16-6)Methyl acetate. . 14:2) 8.2 Bromine....... 1/14:2]13:2| Methyl chloride. (15:0 3:8 Bromotoluene.... ‘/20-0)15-9)Methyl ethyl ketone 113.9) 8-6 n-Butane. :/15-3| 3.3|Naphthalene..... | 79lis"1 Isobutane... 3. 7|Nitric acid, 95%. 12.8|13:8 Butyl acetate 1L-O|Nitrie acid, 60% 10.8|17:0 Butyl alcohol 17.2)Nitrobenzene. 10.6|16.2 Butyrie acid. ° 15.3\Nitrotoluene 11:017:0 Carbon dioxide. 0:3/Octane...... 13:7|10:0 Carbon disulfide. 7.8/Octyl alcohol. ‘] 6621/1 Carbon tetrachloride 13. 1}Pentachloroethane ‘0.9117'3 Chlorobenzene. |12-4|Pentane. ‘fi4'9} 5:2 Chloroform... 10:2}Phenol.... |: ‘| 6.9)20°8 Chlorosulfonic acid. :2'18.1|Phosphorus tribromide ]138)16:7 Chlorotoluene, ortho. 113.3|Phosphorus trichloride 16.2}10.9 Chlorotoluene, meta 12..5|Propane. : 15:3] 1-0 Chlorotoluene, para. 12. 5[Propionie acid :[128)13:8 Cresol, meta. - '20.8)Propyl alcohol ‘| 9-1]16-5 Eyelohexanol.... -9|24..3| Propyl bromide 14:5] 9.6 Dibromoethane. 7|15:8|Propyl chloride tala) 7:5 Dichloroethane. 12.2|Propyl iodide... f14-1)11:6 Dichloromethane. 8.9)Sodium...... ] 1/16 :4113'9 Diethyl oxalate. : 16. 4\Sodium hydroxide, 50% :] 3:2)25.8 Dimethyl oxalate. 15.8lStannie chloride. :13°5/12'8 Diphenyl. 18.3)Sulfur dioxide..01 1111.1 15.2) 7.1 Bipropyl oxalate, 117. 7\Sulfurie acid, 110%. ‘| 72274 Ethyl acetate. 9:4)Sulfurie acid, 98% .0.221012211] 70}24'8 Ethyl alechol, 100% 13.8ISulfurie acid, 60% 10:2)21°3 Ethyl aleohol, 95% 14,3)Sulfuryl ebloride. . 5 -2)12.4 Ethyl aleohol, 40% 16. 6)Tetrachloroethane 1°9)15.7 Ethyl benzene. 11:5/Tetrachloroethylene. . ‘h14'212°7 Ethyl bromide 8.1]Titanium tetrachloride 144/123 Ethyl chloride. 6.0Toluene....... -/13-7|10-4 Ethyl ether 5.3\Trichloroetityiene... }14'si10°5 Ethyl form: 8.4\Turpentine. | 5f14-9 Ethyl iodide... 10.3|Vinyl acetate... ‘14.0 8:8 Ethylene glycol 23.6|Water.......0... -{10:2}13:0 Formie acid 15.8|Xylene, ortho... |! 13.5]12.1 Freon-11 9-0)Xylene, meta + /13.9]10:6 Freon-12. 5:6)Xylene, para... 2h13"9/10:9 * From Perry, J. HL, “Chem New York, 1989. 1 Engineers’ Handbook,” 3d ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc.,APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 823 Viscosity ye Star. Centipeies 200 '00 190 Hy 180 ze 60 70 so 160 40 150 30 40 130 20 20 110 © 100 ° 8 90 z ‘ 80 5 70 ‘ 60 5 so 2 40 30 1 03 oe 20 o7 os 10 Os os °- 03 -10 02 {2 coma meme ena Ons engin ma clic % -30 + -20 o Fig. 14, Viscosities of liquids. (Perry, “ Chemical Engineers’ Handbook,” 3d ed., McGraw ‘Hill Book Company, Ine., New York, 1950.)824 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Viscosrrres oF Gases* Coordinates to be used with Fig. 15 Gas x iY worn SBN Carbon disulfide Carbon monoxide. Ghlorine........1 cae: gen... Cyclohexane Ethane... Ethyl acetate. Ethyl aleohol Ethyl chloride Ethyl ether.. Ethylene. luorine...- Freon-11. Freon-12.. Freon-21. Freon-22. Freon-113, Helium. Hexane Hydrogen... BH, + INg oo. Hydrogen bromide Hydrogen chlorite rrogen cyanide. ‘Hydrogen iodide. . Hydrogen sulfide. Todine.......... lercury. =... ‘Methane... Methyl aicohoi Nitric oxide. .. gen. Nitrosyl chioride Nitrous oxide Oxygen... Pentane. Propane... Propy! alcohol ropylene..... Sulfur dioxide Toluene......0 0... 2, 3, 3-Trimethylbutane ‘ater. . Xenon. * From Perry, J. H., “Chemical Engineers! Handbook,” 3d ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Ine LE gp, t+ He" Chemical nine \dbook,” 3d ed., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc, meng ee CHWOROUDNoOROwWSNONRDE NF we Sacnsm scat te SH SSHSremmswoscmolmcncwnse toe: SENSSSSESNSELESSSEES rents PORADSANSODOSDUNdODwOAODHHONNADHUDHAWNSDWUFHNNODOSOUS lommmoomsTemperature Deg.c. Deg ~100 100 Oo Oo 100 too =r 200 300 200 =~ 400 500 300 FE Gog 700 400 800 500 900 1000 600 t00 1200 700 1300 1400 800 1500 1600 aod 1700 1000 1800 Fig. 15. APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 0 2 4 6 8 10 2 4 16 18 825 Viscosit; Centipoises Ol 0.09 0.01 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.005 Viscosities of gases. (Perry, “‘Chemical Engineers’ Handbook," 3d ed., MoGraw- Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1960.)PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 826 *Kys008 10 2. r0 tie LOO o 90 t0 8 (48136) (088) 24/408 500/78) 1 3 2838533827 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA (Over "H404 MON “pe PE ‘uoHMLOGEY eio.NDOsnUDA LaOuNyDxe JoINgN fo epsDpUDIg) “2g 1OYDEE eNyeIOdUIEY OWLOTWO BY, “ZI “OL weil 3 z on 30 2-0 a0 0-0 zoo 10: Va] ' so (Qn LOU 11319153303 TIVH3K0—"o 30myv3g310 aomnvaaai0 Ww) 2 10 40 ALtavD FINLVATEWAL GIN ZOVEIAV gPROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 828 “po pz ‘worpwossy sisnpoofnunsy saOunyaxrgy svmgn,, fo ep.mpurig) (o¥6 “s1oBuvyoXo Z-1 Joy si0,0Uf WosIDeII09 CLINT "40g MON imate +3'y0.1L0v4 NOILO3YYOD OLWT t SASSVd AGNL SYOW AOT SSVd TISHS 1 55 s ot 60 EX} £0. 90, go bo £0. 20 to a 5 2 8 3 3 arts a 5 ‘UOLIW4 JINFVIAIIG JUNLWUIdW: o1829 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA “po pe woumsony ewanynprunje nduoyoxy swan, fo speopuers) “sIeRUUIPXO Fg 10F 64 1-33 = 8 ae Corer 04 ma wonsen09 LWT “6t “PU SASSVd FANL NOW YOY SASSvd TIAHS Z +a‘yo19vs NOIL3YYOD O1WT OL 60 80 £0 90 i) vo eo 8 or) & 3 Q ° YOLOVs SONTBASSO AwNivsadWaL’ 2PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 830. Corer ‘04 may “Pe Pe “uonmweesy s1ompnfrunyy Ouoyorg seman. fo epsopunig) “S1PFOUIONS 9° 20} SO}OUS MOMO—NIOD CLINT “OF “DAE nae AYOWYOD = sassvd T13HS ¢ 940 a al ‘ty Q 5 3 3 34510 SUNLVUSdW a ° ‘BOLIW4 SINR 2831 APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA “po pz ‘uoypposy susinpofnunyy saduoyorg sojnqn,, fo spanpuvig) Corer 0K mW ‘sroBuUYyOXo g-F LOf SIOYDU} WOLHIELIOD CLIT Te O1L Say 3 @ ° ‘OL BONIYIIIIO JUNLVUSIW3LPROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 832 Cover 04 Nr “po pe ‘uosmporey sxzinjoofnunyy duoyers somgn.y, fo spunpunrs)) “sxeBuBYOxo 01-4 20} 810,90} WONDLOD GLWT “PML SASSVd 3GNL JYOW YOO! sassvd WSHS S +3‘yo19vs NOILI3HYOD G1W7 ou 60, 80 20, 90. so vo £0. 20, fie) Og © Pty & 3 a 2 yous ONRHRIIIa ‘SUN WuadNSL oO833, APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA Corer W404 may “pe PG ‘wormoossy ewsunzonfnunpy swOUDYerG soMgny, fo spavpunng) “sioBUEYOXA ZI-9 10} B1OJ9EF UODELO9 LWT “ES “OLY SASSVd JAN RIOWAOTI +4'4o19v4_NOIL93NO9 G1WI SASSVd TISHS O so i) £0 20 fo G9 ony 5 ommnasg aad ‘BOLO ONSYIAIO JUNLVYIDNIL 2PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER 834 volt Ee afE oy Fy ae 9 24x 44/a1“aaaraduny yom agry 24 40 A oa ‘APS pe iid ct (29mg pun epg wouf paxtypy) “oaano saysunsy-y OUI, “be “OEE Oovogdions sy «2 ooobueies + ¢ 2 oosres * © 2 comaLas + ¢ oo coice oaaso ot or y i 3s one ; oot “y"saam4 Josaesiop apsule ooel 4s % a1/049 ‘pny 40 gay 2yadg— 9 08 oe 14 08 ago Ybnodys ase wayje Fe 05 INITOO: Nv haa ONY ONILYTH . os Foe OL ONO? OF 2 0905 Oy oe oe og yc z 2 ant wo, Flea ofl Ei a F a owAPPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 835 1.2, o eee &S 5 2 Correction factor 2 ba 08 06 07 05 09 10 1S 20 Inside diameter of tube,in The values of hj are tor a %4'00x 16 8BW6 tube(I0=0.62"). For any other ID muthply 3000 fh, by the factor obtained above 2000) g Btu/hr (4?) (°F) 8 3s8s Heat transfer coefficient 300) 40. 1S rf 3 4 5 6 7 8 910 Velocity through tubes, ft/sec Fic. 25. Tube-side water-heat-transfer curve. [Adapted from Hagle and Ferguson, Proc. Roy. Soc., At! , 540 (1930).29 3040 5060 00 aja sfecslan, “tachaten °° TageprOx oy” STA nDxE xg, D. Wot tubes orpipe, Fret facet feign & Masco bier treet th pet mains echnges, a heer ae ‘omils 2 Pressure drop i ube o pipes, pi £ Specie graty © Density, st Viscosity tthe caloric temperature bf ahr fe Vicosty at hehe wal fonperre, Bt hr 4 (wh above Ree2100 4 Gun? below Rey=2100 Toe Friction factors are dimensional se $t/s4s to ff Gein zs i Rega DE . 26. Tube-side friction factors. (Standards of Tubular Exchanger Manufacturers Association, 2d ed., New York, 1949.)APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 837 10 os 06 . 5 E21 Retum pressure loss/pass=4 velocity heads on Toft relur pressure og slaty ead) x pases He 242 ose P= ay Cie z Ft g's Acceleration of grovity, ft/sec am 02F lumber of tube passes as F GReReturn pressure drop, Bi SE specific gravity locity, ps 0 008; eee Bae g One velocity head for 51.0 (water), “oa e 2 88 & a 0.001 a cL a ete ee bis Mass velocity, o/he (#2) Fie, 27. Tube-side return pressure loss.PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER . 838 “soygeq yWoUrFas 4no Y ge YEA HOpUNG 20) aepsuN-qwoy OPUS “8s “OLL suf ari ery 3 wolf) 68) Be sa pela aay 2H 3004 34h phy S020 id he fer airyeioca, Cje9 at po hysare = HAY BIL 40 AOL Auta = “uy gay oan Ag e~SE. 8S EE RBER, -tpiajeunpy papery Samay OM om oo 1 Dow if Deuhyz930 07 Aeen/o pronto apung oare nto my Se a ee age‘enbe fies fo races nin “| Igri eeses bunt from net alt 2 ‘ip Sten se presare dan psi fice ial be calrc lenperature, leh hs TE ie cobrclenperaha ph apr fa tsey at DESDE na Open Oi chr teu, )O% ote: Pion felors are dimensional. sq ten. to give ‘Lis inost chilly Yo ebbein caste CI8 “fetoré oly te ord by ted Fra, 29. Shell-side friction factors for bundles with 25% cut segmental baffles.840 : PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Taste 8 Arproxmare OvERALL Desien Conrricrents Values include total dirt factors of 0.003 and allowable pressure drops of 5 to 10 psi on. the controlling stream Coolers Hot fluid Cold fluid Overall Up Water Water 250-500§ ‘Methanol Water 250-5005 Ammonia Water 250-5005 Aqueous solutions | Water 250-500§ Light organics* | Water 75-150 Medium organics | Water 50-125 Heavy organiest | Water 5-75) Gases Water 2-509 Water Brine 100-200 Light organics | Brine 40-100 Heaters Hot fluid Cold fluid Overall Up Steam Water 200-700§ Steam Methanol 200-7008 Steam Ammonia 200-700§ Steam Aqueous solutions: Steam Less than 2.0 ep | 200-700 Steam ‘More than 2.0 cp | 100-500§ Steam Light organics 100-200 Steam Medium organics 50-100 Steam Heavy organies 6-60 Steam Gases 5-50 Exchangers Hot fluid Cold fluid Overall Up Water Water 250-500§ Aqueous solutions | Aqueous solutions | 250-500§ Light organies | Light organics 40-75 ‘Medium organics | Medium organies 20-60 Heavy organics | Heavy organics, 10-40 Heavy organies | Light organics 30-60 Light organies | Heavy organics | 10-40 ‘than 0.6 eentipoise and include benzene, toluene, acetone, ethsnol, methyl ethyl ketone, gasoline, light kerosene, and naphtha, tf Medium organics have viscosities of 0.5 to 1.0 contipoiee and include kerosene, straw cil, hot gas oil, hot absorber oil, and some crudes. Heavy organics have viscosities above 1.0 centipose and include cold gas oil, lube oils, fuel oils, reduced crude oils, tars, and asphalts, 4§ Dirt factor 0.001. || Pressure drop 20 to 30 psi. ‘ These rates are greatly influonced by the operating pressure,APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA Tasiz 9. Tuse-saeer Layours (Tusz Counts) 841 ‘Square Pitch 3% in. OD tubes on Lin. square piteh | 1 in. OD tubes on 144-in, square piteh Shell Shell wim [fP ora ep} sp} Oo, [FP |2P | 4P | or | sp 8 s2| 26/ 20] 20/ 8 a} 1} 1 10 s2| 52| 40| 36 10 s2| 32] 26] 24 12 si| 76| o8| 68| oo] 12 48) 45| 40| a8] 36 13% | 97| 90] 82| 76) 70] 134 | o1| 56) 52| 48] 44 18% | 137| 124] 116 | 108 | 108] 15% | 81] 76] 68| 08] 64 17% | 177| 166 | 158 | 150 | 142} 17% | 112 | 112| 96] 90] 82 1934 | 224| 220 | 204 | 192} 188] 1934 | 1a8 | 192 | 128 | 322 | 116 21x | 277 | 270 | 246 | 240 | 234] 214 | 177 | 106 | 158 | 152 | 148 23i4 | 341 | 324 | 308 | 302 | 202] 2334 | ata | 208 | 192 | 184 | 184 25 | 413 | 304 | 870 | a56 | 346] 25 | 260 | 252 | 238 | 226 | 220 27 | 48i | 460 | 432 420 | 408] 27 — | 300 | 288 | 278 | 268 | 260 29 — | 55a | 526 | 480 | 408 | 456] 20 | 341 | 326 | 300 | 204 | 286 31 | 657 | 640 | 600 | 580 | 560 | 31 —_—| 406 | 398 | 380 | 308 | ass 33 | 749 | 718 | 688 | 676 | 648 |. 33 | 465 | 460 | 432 | 420 | 414 35 | 845 | a24| 780 | 766 | 748 | 35 | 522 | 518 | 488 | 484 | 472 37 | 984] 914 | 836 | 860 | sas] 37 | 590 | 574 | 562 | 544 | 532 39 {iodo [1024 |-982+) 968 | 048 | 30 | 665 | 644 | 624 | 612 | 600 OD tubes on 194¢-in. square pitch | 1}4 in. OD tubes on 17g-in. square pitch 10 1s] 12] 10 12 30] 24| 22) 16| 16] 12 16| 16] 12] 12 13% | 32| 30] 30] 22| 22] 13% | 22] 22| 16] 16 1% | 44| 40] 37] 35| 31] 15% | 20] 29] 25| 24] 22 wy | 56] 53| 51] 43] 44| 17% | 30] 30) a4] a2] 29 19% | 73] 73| 71| o4| 56| 193¢ | 50] 48] 45) 43) 39 21% | 96| 00| s6| a2] 73| 213% | 62] 60] 57| 54| 50 23% | 127] 112| 106 | 102] 96] 23% | 78| 74] 70) 66} 62 25 | 140 | 135 | 127 | 123 | 115 | 25 o4| 90] 86} 34) 78 27 | 166 | 160 | 151 | 146 | 140] 27 | 112 | 108 | 102] 98 | 94 29 | 193 | 18 | 178 | 174] 166] 20 | 131 | 127 | 120 | a6 | 112 at | 226 | 220 | 209 | 202 | 198) 31 tot | 146 | 141 | 138 | 131 33 | 258 | 252 | 244 | 238 | 226 | 33 176 | 170 | 164 | 160 | 151 35 | 203 | 287 | 275 | 268 | 258] 35 | 202 | 196 | 188 | 182 | 176 37 | 334 | 322 | 311 | 304] 203] 37 | 224 | 220 | 217 | 210 | 202 39 | 870 | 362 | sas | 342] 336] 39 | 252 | 246 | 287 | 230 | 204842 : PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Taste 9, Toax-sucer Lavours (Tuse Counrs).—(Continued) Triangular Pitch ¥ in. OD tubes on 19e-in, triangular | 34 i. OD tubes on Lin, triangular pitch pitch tell [ipler|erler[sr| Sl |iplor|ar|or]er 8 | 36| 32| 26| 2¢| Is] 8 37, 30; 24) 24, 10 62; 56) 47) 42] 36 10 61 52 40} 36 12 109 | 98} 86 82 78 12 92 | 82 76 | 74 70 13% | 127) 114] 96| 90] 86) 1314 | 109] 106} 86) 2] 74 1534 | 170 | 160 | 140 | 136 | 128] 1534 | 151 | 138 | 122 | 118 | 110 17% | 230 | 224 | 194) 188) 178) 1714 | 203 | 196 | 178 | 172 | 166 1934 | 301 | 282 | 252 | 244 | 234) 1914 | 262 | 250 | 226 | 216 | 210 21% | 361 | 342 | 314 | 306 | 200] 2134 | 316 | 302 | 278 | 272 | 260 2344 | 442 | 420 | 386 | 378 | 361) 2314 | 384 | 376 | 352 | 342 | 328 25 532 | 506 | 468 | 446 | 434] 25’ 470 | 452 | 422 | 394 | 382 27 637 | 602 | 550 | 536 | 524 | 27 559 | 534) 488 | 474 | 464 29 721 | 692 | 640 | 620 | 594] 29 630 | 604 | 556 | 538 | 508 31 847 | 822 | 766 | 722 | 720 |. 31 745 | 728 | 678 | 666 | 640 33 974 | 938 | 878 | 852 | 826] 33 856 | 830 | 774 | 760 | 732 35 {1102 |1068 |1004 | 988 | 958] 35 970 | 938 | 882 | 864 | 848 37 |1240 |1200 1144 |1104 [1072 | 37 [1074 1044 }1012 | 986 | 870 i377 [1390 [1258 |1248 |i2i2 | _30 __|1206 [1176 |1128 |1100 [1078 Lin, OD tubes on 134-in, triangular pitch} 134 in. OD tubes on 19(6-in. triangular piteh’ to | 20] 8] 14 12 32] 30] 26] 22 20 1344 38 36 32 28 26 1534 54 51 AB 42 38 17 | 69] 65| 62| 58] 54 1944 95 OL 86 7B 69 2134 | 117 | 112] 105 | 101 | 95, 23% | 140 | 136 | 130 | 123 | 117 25 170 | 164 | 155 | 150 | 140 27 202 | 196 | 185 | 179 | 170 29 235 | 228 | 217 | 212 | 202 31 275 | 270 | 255 | 245 | 235 33 315 | 305 | 297 | 288 6 35 357 | 348 | 335 | 327 37 407 | 390APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA . 843 ‘Tapuu 10, Hear Excuanonn ano Conpensen Tusz Dara rf lin a a Wall _ | Flow area | Surface per lin ft, 1% | Weight O'S, |BWG| thie | ID, in. | per tube, |- per lin ft, aaa a Outside | Inside | | steel My 12 282 0.0625 0.1309 0.0748 0.493, 14 334 0.0876 0.0874 0.403, 16 370 | 0.1076 0.0989 | 01329 18, 402 0.127 0.1052 0.258, 20 430 0.145 0.1125 0.190 Mu 10 482 0.182 0.1963 0.1263 0.965 AL 510 0.204 0.1335 0.884 2 532 | 0.223 0.1393 | 0-817 13 560 0.247 0.1466 0.727 ub "384 | 0.268 0.1539 | 0.687 15 606 0.289 0.1587 0.571 16 “020 | 0.302 0.1623 | 0.520 17 634 0.314 | 0.1660 0.469 18 2 0.334 | 0.1707 0.401 ne 8 70, 0.355 0.2618 0.1754 1.61 9 704 | 0.389 o.isis | ila7 10 0.732 0.421 0.1916 1.36 A 0.760 0.455 0.1990 1.23 12 0.782 0.479 0.2048 1.14 13, 0.810 0.515 0.2121 1.00 14 0.834 0.546 0.2183 0.890 15 0.856, 0.576 0.2241 0.781 16 0.870 0.594 0.2277 0.710 17 0.884 0.613, 0.2314 0.639 18 0.902 0.639 0.2361 0.545 14 8 0.920 0.665 | 0.3271 0.2409 2.09 9 01954 | 0.714 | 0.2498 | 1.91 10 0.982, 0.757 | 0.2572 1.75 IL . 0.800 0.2644 1.58 12 0.836 0.2701 1.45 13 0.884 0.2775 1.28 1 0.923, 0.2839 | 1118, 15 0.960 0/2896 | 0/991 16 0.985, 0.2932 0.900, 1 Lot 0/2969 | 0/808 18 1.04 0.3015 0.688, 6 8 1.075 0.3925 0.3063 2.57 9 1.14 0.3152 2.34 10 1.19 0.3225 2.14 u 135 013299 | 198, 12 1.29 0.3356 1.77 B 1.35 013430 | 1156 14 1.40 0.3492 1.37 15 14d 0.3555 | 1:20 16 1.47 0.3587 1.09 17 1.50 0.3023 | 0.978 18, 1.54 0.3670 0.831844 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER Tame 11, Dnenysions or Sree Pipe (IPS) Nominal Kereta low area | Suage par TNT 7 Weight Pipe size, | OD, in. | ID, in.| “per pipe, per lin ft, TPS, in. in? ’| Outside | Inside | tb steel 3 | 0.405] 40* | 0,269| 0.0581 0.106 | 0.070 0.25 sot | 0.215} 0.036 0.056 0.32 % | 0.540| 40* | 0.364] 0.108] 0.141 | 0.095 0.48 | | sot | 0:302} 0072 0.079 0.54 3¢ | 0.675 | 40* 0.192 | 0.177 | 0.129 0.87 80+ Ould o.11L 0.74 wy | oso} 4o* | 0.304 | 0.220 | 0.163 | 0.85 | sot | 0.235 0.143 1.09 % | 1.05 | 40° 0.534 | 0.275 | 0.216 1.13 | sot 0.432 0.194 1.48 eal 0.964} 0.344 | 0.274 1.68 | 80+ 0.718 | 0.250 217 14 | 1.66 4o* | 1.50 | 0.435 | 0.362 2.28 80+ 128 0.335 3.00 ug | 1.90 | 407 2.04 | 0,498 | 0.422 2.72 | 80+ 176 0.393 3.64 2 2.98 | 40" | 2.007} 3.35 | 0,622 | 0.542 3.66 sot | 11939] 2105 | 0.508 5.03 2g | 2.88 4o* | 2.469 4.79 | 0.753 | 0.647 5.80 sot | 2.323 4.23 0.609 7.67 3 3.50 | 40" | 3.068) 7.38 | 0.917 | 0.804 7.58 got | 2900] 6/61 0.760 | 10:8 4. | 4.50] 40* | 4.026} 12.7 | 1.178 | 1.055 | 10.8 | sot | 3.826) 11:5 12002 | 15.0 6 6.625] 40* | 6.065] 98.9 | 1.7384 | 1.590 | 19.0 sot | 5.761] 26-1 1/510 | 28.6 8 8.625} 40° | 7.081] 50.0 | 2.258 | 2.090 | 28.6 of | 72625 | 45.7 21000 | 43:4 to} 10.75 | 40* | 10.02 | 78.8 | 2.814 | 2.62 40.5 | 60 | 9:75 | 7416 2155 5418 12} 12.75 | 30 | 12,09 | 115 3.938 | 3.17 48.8 4 | 14/0 30 | 13:25 | 138 3605 | 3.47 54.6 1% 16.0 30. | 15:25 | 1s 4180 | 4.00 626 18 | 18:0 got | 17:25 | 234 4712 | 4/52 2.7 2 | 20:0 | 20° | 19:25 | 201 5.236 | 5.05 78.6 22 | 22.0 | dot | 21/95 | 355, 5.747 | 5.56 84:0 2 | 240 | 20 | 28.95 | 495 6.283 | 6.09 94.7 * Commonly known as standard. Commonly known as extra heavy. } Approximately.APPENDIX OF CALCULATION DATA 845 Tasun 12. Fouuna Factors* Temperature of heating medium... Up to 240°F | 240-400°FF Temperature of water. 125°F or less | Over 125°F Water velocity, | Water velocity, fps fps Water Sf | Over | 3ft | Over and less| 3 ft fandless| 3 ft Sea water... 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.001 Brackish water 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.002 Cooling tower and artificial spray pond: ‘Treated make-up. 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 Untreated. | 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.004 City or well water (such as Great Lakes).....| 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 Great Lakes........ 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.002 | 0.002 River water: Minimum 0.002 | 0.001 | 0.003 | 0.022 Mississippi. 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 Delaware, Schuylkill... 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 East River and New York Bay 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 Chicago sanitary canal. 0.008 | 0.006 | 0.010 | 0.008 Muddy or silty 0.003 | 0.002 | 0.004 | 0.003 Hard (over 15 grans/aa) 0.003 | 0.003 | 0.005 | 0.005 Engine jacket. 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 Distilled.......- 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 | 0.0005 Treated boiler feedwater 0.001 | 0.0005 | 0.001 | 0.001 Boiler blowdown........... 0.002_| 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.002 ‘f Ratings in the last two columns are based on a temperature of the heating medium of 240 to 400°F. If the heating medium temp« ratings should be modified accordingly. ture is over 400° ‘and the cooling medium is known to scale these Petroleum Fractions Oils (industrial): Fuel oil. ses 0,005, Clean recirculating oil........ 0.001 ‘Machinery and transformer oils 0.001 Quenching oil... 0.004 Vegetable oils. - 0.003 Gases, vapors (industrial): Coke-oven gas, manufactured BPS. eeceeveceeeeeseee 0.0L Diesel-engine exhaust gas..... 0.01 Organic vapors... 0.0005 Steam (non-oil bearing) 0.0 Alcohol vapors. . 0.0 Steam, exhaust (oil bearing from reciprocating engines) 0.001 Refrigerating vapors (condens- ing from reciprocating com- pressors). 0.002 vee 0.002 Liquids (industrial) Organic. . 0.001 Refrigerating liquids, heating, cooling, or evaporating. 0.001 Brine (cooling)........ 0.001 Atmospheric distillation units: Residual bottoms, less than 25°API........ ces 0.005 Distillate bottoms, 25°API or above. +. 0,002 Atmospheric distillation units Overhead untreated vapors... 0.0013 Overhead treated vapors 0.003 Side-stream cuts..... 0.0013 ‘Vacuum distillation units: ‘Overhead vapors to oil: From bubble tower (partial condenser)... . 0.001 From flash pot (no appreci- able reflux)... - 0.008 * @andarde of Tubular Bachanger Manufacturera Association, 24 ed., New York, 1949.846 PROCESS HEAT TRANSFER ‘Taste 12, Fouuine Facrons.*—(Continued) Overhead vapors in water- cooled condensers: From bubble tower (final condenser). : From flash pot Side strear To oil..... To water.......... , Residual bottoms, less than 2Q0°API......... Distillate bottoms, over 20°API. eee Natural gasoline stabilizer unit Feed........ O.H. vapors....... ve Product coolers and exchangers Product reboilers.... HS Removal Units: For overhead vapors Solution exchanger coolers Reboiler. Cracking units: Gas oil feed: ‘Under 500°F 50°F and over ‘Naphtha feed: Under 500°F. . 500°F and over... Separator vapors (vapors from separator, flash pot, and vaporizer)...... Bubble-tower vapors. Precautions must be taken against deposition of wax. O-199F | 4it and over (0.00210. 002 |0..20210. 002! Under| 2 it pa ft 2ft Dry..| 0.003) Salt § | .0.003 Lean oil.......... : 0.002 Overhead vapors 0.001 Gasoline. . 0.0005, ++. 0.001 Debutanizer, Depropanizer, De- + 0.06 pentanizer, and Alkylation Unit 0.001 Feed.......... 0.001 0.002 Overhead vapors. . + 0,001 Product coolers... 0.001 0.005 Product reboilers. 0.002 Reactor feed. 0.002 0.002 Lube treating units: Solvent oil mixed feed. 0.002 0.0005 Overhead vapors 0.001 0.0005 Refined oil........ se 0,001 0.0005 Refined oil heat exchangers 0.001 water cooled$... 0.003 Gums and tars: orn Cil-cooled and steam gener- ators..... 0.005 ataota Water-cooled + 0,008 Solvent. Wee e eee ee ee 0.001 Deasphaltizing unit: Feed oil... eeeeee es 0.002 0.002 Solvent....... eee OF 00! 0.008 ‘Asphalt and resin: Oil-cooled and steam gener- ei ators... bee 0.005 ae Water-cooled. - 0.008 Solvent vapors. + 0.001 Refined oi . 0.001 Cone Refined oil water cooled...... 0.003 Dewaxing units: 0.010 Lube oil... 0.001 Solvent....... a 0.001 0.002 Oil wax mix heating. . 0.001 0.002 Oil wax mix coolingt 0.003 Crude Oil Streams 200-209°F | Under] 2-4 ft. '0.003|0..002(0..002| 0.005/0..004/0 .004| 300-499°F | 500°F and over Velocity, fps 4t Under! 2-4 and over| 2% | ft ait and wer aft and over 10.004(0 .003/0.002| 0.00510 .004/0.003 0.006/0.005/0.004| 0.007|0.006/0.005 Under] 2-4 att | ft § Refers to a wet crude—any crude that has not been dehydrated.