AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM:

1. Central air conditioning system& its Advantage

and Disadvantage.
2. Decentralized Air conditioning System&
Its Advantage and Disadvantage.
TYPES OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM:
1. All Air system.
2. All water system.
3. Air-water system.
 g refers to any form of cooling ,heating
disinfection that modifies condition of air.
e of air conditioning is to provide an energy effi cient ,cost effective, healthy
ment with acceptable indoor air quality
 Air Conditioning System
Pollen
Evaporator and and Dust
Heater Core
(under dash)

Blower
Expansion Valve

Service Valves

Micron Filter

Condensation
Drain Tube
Receiver/ Compressor Belt
Dryer

Condenser Fan
Cond £ 'nser COmpressor
A central air conditioning system serves one or
more thermal zones, and has its major component
located outside the zone, or zones being served in
some convenient central location in the building or
near it.
District system serving more than one building
revert to central system at the single building level.

 Central air conditioning systems

Components:
Central air conditioning systems basically consist
of three major parts:
(i).AHU (Air Handling Unit), air
distribution system (air duct) and
terminals.
(ii).Water System:
a. Chilled water system
b. Hot water system
c. Condenser water system
(iii). Central plant-refrigeration (chiller)plant,
boiler plant.
Fi'1g
 Allow major equipment components to be isolated in
a mechanical room (i.e. allows maintenance to occur
with limited disruption to building functions, reduce
noises and aesthetic impact on building occupants).
 Offer opportunities on economies of scale.
 Larger capacity refrigeration equipment is usually
more efficient than smaller capacity equipment;
larger system can utilizes cooling tower tat improve
system efficiencies in many climates
 Central systems are amenable to centralized
energy management control schemes i.e. reduced
building energy conception.
 A central system may be appropriate for other
than climate control perspective; active smoke is
best accomplished by a central all air-system.
 DISADVANTAGES:
 As system size and sophistication increase,
maintenance may become more difficult and may
be available from fewer providers if specialists are
needed.
 As a non-distribution system failure of any
equipment component may affect the entire
building.
 Large centralized systems tend to be less
intuitive making system analysis and
understanding more difficult.
 A decentralized system serves a single thermal zone
and has its major components located within the
zone itself, on the boundary between the zone and
the exterior environment, or directly adjacent to the
zone.
 It may be divided into:
 Individual System using self-contained, factory-
made air conditioner to serve one or two rooms.
 II). Unitary System, which are similar in nature to
individual system consisting of fans, coils, filters,
ductwork and outlets (e.g. in small restaurants,
small shops and small cold storage rooms).
 The term packaged air-conditioner. The air-
conditioning and refrigeration institute ARI defines
a unitary air-conditioner as one or more factory-
made assemblies that normally include an
evaporator/cooling coil and a compressor and
compressor and condenser combination.
 Term inaI unit

ir handIer

Pumps for chill ed water.

h at water, and cooling towe r

Chiller
1. Serving only a single zone, decentralized system
will have only one point of control typically a
thermostat for active system.
2. Each decentralized system generally does its
own thing, without regard to the performance
or operation of other decentralized systems.
3. Decentralized systems tend to be distributed
systems providing greater collective reliability than
do centralized systems.
1. Decentralized system units cannot be easily
connected together to permit centralized
energy movement operation.
2. Decentralized system can usually be controlled
with respect to on-off functions through electric
circuit control, but more sophisticated central
control (such as night-setback or economizer
operation) is not possible.
1. All-air system
All-water system
Air-water system
Unitary refrigerant based system
 All- air system:
1. All-air system when energy is transferred only
by means of heated or cooled air.
2. All-air systems provide sensible and latent
cooling capacity solely through cold supply air
delivered to the conditioned space.
 TYPICAL ALL-AIR SYSTEM
E.A.
DAMPE
R R.A.
R.A DUET
FAN
R.A. GRILL
S.A DUCT TERMINAL
R.A.DAlHPER
C%L COOL "
NR
FRESH
OUTDOOR BEAT
AIR S.A.
FAH

O.A.
DAMPER ^ WATER
PIPIHG
FILTER

HEAT

COOLING
TOWER
CI•tILLED
WATER WATER
PUMP CFtILLER
COHDEN9ER
PUNP
 Such systems are well suited to air-side
economizer use, and large-volume outdoor air
requirements.
 They are the best choice for close control of
zone temperature and humidity.
 They are generally a good choice of applications
where indoor air quality is a key concern.
 They are amenable to use in smoke control systems.
There is simple seasonal changeover.
 Such systems generally permit simultaneous
heating and cooling in different zones.
 All-air systems use significant amounts of energy to
move air (approximately 40%) of all-air systems
energy use is fan energy.
 Ductwork space requirements may add to
building height.
 Air balancing may be difficult.
 All-water system when energy is transferred only
by means of hot or chilled water.
 In an all-water system , space cooling and /or heating
is provided by chilled and/or hot water circulated
from a central refrigeration/ boiler plant to terminal
units located in, or immediately adjacent to, the
various conditioned spaces.
 Heat transfer to/from the room air occurs via forced
or natural convection. Except for radiant systems,
radiant heat transfer is usually nominal due to the
size and arrangement of the heat transfer surfaces.
 All-water systems can be employed for both
heating and cooling.
 Heating water is supplied either through the same
piping network used for chilled water in summer
or through an independent piping system.
1. Less building spaces is required for
distribution elements.
2. They are well suited for retrofit applications due
to their distribution efficiency.
3. Little (often no) space is needed for a central
fan rooms.
4. Because low-temperature water can be used for
heating, they are well suited for solar heating
and heat recovery applications.
1. Maintenance demands can be high and
maintenance must be performed on terminals
within occupied spaces.
2. Condensate drain pans and a drain system
are required; in addition, they must be
cleaned periodically.
3. Relative humidity in spaces may be high in
summer, particularly if modulating chilled-water
valves are used to control room temperature.
4. Ventilation is not centrally provided or controlled and is often a
 Air-and-water systems condition spaces by
distributing both conditioned air and water
to terminal units installed in the spaces.
 The air and water are cooled and/or heated in a
central mechanical equipment room.
 The air supplied is termed primary air to distinguish
it from re circulate(or secondary) room air.
 Air-and-water systems that have been used in
buildings of various types are below. Not all of these
systems see equal use in today’s design
environment
 They are presented, however, to provide a sense of
the possibilities and constrains inherent in the use of
an air-and-water system.
 Because of the greater specifies heat and the much
greater density of water compared to it, the cross-
sectional area of piping is much smaller than that of
ductwork to provide the same cooling (or heating)
capacity.
 Because a large part of the space heating/cooling load is
handled by the water of this type of system, the overall
duct distribution requirements in an air-and-water system
----
which saves building space.
 If the system is designed so that the primary air supply
is equal to the ventilation requirement or to balance
exhaust requirements, a return air system can be
eliminated.
 The air handling system is smaller than that of an
air system, yet positive ventilation is ensured .
 Numerous zone can be individually controlled and
their cooling or heating demands satisfied
independently and simultaneously.
 When appropriate to do so(as during unoccupied hours),
space heating can be provided by operating only the
water side system without operating the central air
system.
 When all primary air is taken from outdoors,
cross- contamination between rooms can be
reasonably controlled.
 Design for intermediate season operation is critical.
Changeover operation (between seasons) can
be difficult and requires a knowledgeable staff.
 Controls are more complicated than for all-air
systems, and humidity cannot be tightly controlled.
 Induction and fan-coil terminal units require
frequent in-space maintenance.