Short Q/A:-

Q1) What reason did Taimur wrote for attacking Hindustan in his book “Tuzk Taimuri”.

A) He himself wrote in his book named “Tuzk Taimuri” that he only attacked Hindustan to gather money
and safe Hindustan from Non-believers and destructions and he attacked Hindustan to save Islam but
the writer of Abb-e-Kousar denies that. According to him:-

“Although he was a Muslims, but he had no

abilities like a Muslims, and he only came for booty and money.” Therefore, he was only a pirate or
robber.

Q2) How Syed Dynasty ascended to the thrones.

A) After the death of Mehmood Tughluq in 1414, Daulat khan lodhi came into power and started to
govern the Delhi Empire. Although, he didn’t announced his government properly.

Khizar khan was appointed by Amir Taimur as a Niab in Hindustan, and the governor of Lahore (Punjab)
for administration of the Delhi empire during his absence. Hence, he sieged Delhi and after 4 months of
blockage, Daulat khan Lodhi escaped and Khizar khan announced his government and captured Delhi.
That how Syed Dynasty began.

Q3) Tell about the relation of Daulat khan Lodhi (Governor of Punjab) with Ibrahim Lodhi.

A) Ibrahim Lodhi was a very strict type of dictatorship. He used to treat his governor badly and punished
them on small mistakes. Hence, because of his strictness, many royal rulers were against him including
Daulat khan Lodhi and formed their own independent state.

Ibrahim Lodhi had not even trusted Daulat khan Lodhi who was the governor of Punjab so, he asked for
Daulat Khan Lodhi presence in Delhi, but send his son Dallawar Khan to Delhi to meet Daulat khan lodhi
because he thought that Daulat khan might had plotted a conspiracy against him. When Dallawar met
Daulat khan, he was insulted by him. So, when Dallawar came back to his father, he told him about the
whole incident.

Q4) When and why Babar attacked Hindustan.

A) Babar was invited by Daulat khan Lodhi to capture Hindustan, so in 1524 he first captured Punjab.
Later on, in 1526 Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the field of Pani patt. Hence, the Mughal Dynasty
began.

Q5) Who was the last ruler of Delhi Sultanate.

A) Ibrahim Lodhi was the last ruler of Delhi Sultanate and was defeated in the battle with Baber in the
field of Pani Patt in 1526.

Long Q/A:-
Q2) What was the role of Taimur’s attack in the destruction of Delhi
Sultanate.
A) Mehmood Tughluq fought with an Army against Taimur. After a long war, Mehmmod Tughluq was
defeated, but he somehow escaped and ran towards Gujrat.

1) Massacre:-

After he had captured Delhi, he ordered a General massacre and many people were
killed. He then stopped the massacre on the behalf of Ullama by taking large amount of money from
them.

After some days, some soldiers of Ameer Taimur were killed by the citizen, when Taimur heard the news
he again ordered a massacre and about 1000 of Hindustani’s were killed and women and children were
made slave.

After staying in Delhi for 15-16 days, he decided to leave Delhi and left a large booty and ransom behind
making Khizar Khan his Viceroy.

2) Impact of war:-

After the departure of Taimur, the whole of Northern India was in disorder and confusion.
Because all the crop and stored grains were destroyed and famine and pestilence swooped upon the
land and it took Delhi more than a century to recover. Thousands of innocent people were killed and the
whole Delhi was destroyed.

.) Just like Badauni has said:-

“Delhi was utterly ruined and those of its people who were left there for
whole 2 months and not even a bird moved wing in the city”.

3) End of Tughluq Dynasty:-

In 1398, Ameer Taimur attacked Hindustan during Mehmood Tughluq reign, but
somehow he escaped. Though, Mehmood Tugluq reign lasted till 1414, but it was worthless and weak
and was defeated by Ameer Taimur. Hence, Mehmood Tughluq ended up being the last representative
of the house of Tughluq.

4) Arrival of Syed Dynasty:-

After the death of Mehmood Tughluq in 1414, Daulat khan lodhi came into
power and started to govern the Delhi Empire. Although, he didn’t announced his government properly.

Khizar khan was appointed by Amir Taimur as a Niab in Hindustan, and the governor of Lahore (Punjab)
for administration of the Delhi empire during his absence. Hence, he sieged Delhi and after 4 months of
blockage, Daulat khan Lodhi escaped and Khizar khan announced his government and captured Delhi.
That how Syed Dynasty began.

This dynasty only ruled for 37 years. During this reign, the dynasty miserably failed to rule and no
progress was made in administration policies. During their reign, many insurgencies were also raised and
many independent states were formed and because of this the Empire of Delhi was almost about few
hundreds square Km in area.

.) Conclusion:-

He himself wrote in his book named “Tuzk Taimuri” that he only attacked Hindustan to
gather money and safe Hindustan from Non-believers and destructions and he attacked Hindustan to
save Islam but the writer of Abb-e-Kousar denies that. According to him:-

“Although he was a Muslims, but he had no

abilities like a Muslims, and he only came for booty and money.” Therefore, he was only a pirate or
robber.

Q3) Write a brief note on the reign of Syed Dynasty in Hindustan.

A) This dynasty only ruled for 37 years. During this reign, the dynasty miserably failed to rule and no
progress was made in administration policies. During their reign, many insurgencies were also raised and
many independent states were formed and because of this the Empire of Delhi was almost about few
hundreds square Km in area.

1) Khizar Khan (1414-1421):-

During Khizar reign many insurgencies were raised. Therefore, in-order to safe his empire
and to stop these insurgencies, he tried to recapture and make himself politically strong in areas named:
- Doab, Rajputana, and other areas and appointed several trusted man as Governor in these areas.

Khizar khan also tried to improve the facilities for cultivators, and to restore the powers of the Sultan
but failed to do so.

Khizar khan died in 1421.

2) Mubarak Shah (1421- 1434): -

Mubarak shah was the son Khizar khan. He unlike his father desired to
become the sultan of Delhi Empire. The feudal lords and other royal rulers were breaking the Delhi
Empire apart by raising insurgencies and forming their independent state. Hence, he found it necessary
to finish their strength therefore, he announced that no feudal lord has inheritance right and they will
be shifted from one land to another land and their locations will be changed. Because of this they will
become politically weak. Due to this rule by the Sultan, Feudal lords raised many insurgencies against
him.

.) Death of Mubarak shah:-

The royal rulers and feudal lords were very against him and were playing an
important role in plotting conspiracies of killing sultan, in which they succeeded, when he was murdered
in 1434 by a noble named Sardar ud Mulk.

3) Muhammad Shah (1434- 1445):-

After the death of Mubarak shah, his nephew Muhammad shah came
into power. No blood was spilt during his reign, because he was coward ruler and didn’t stop the
insurgencies raised against him and accepted the independent states formed in areas like Punjab and
Multan.

.) Insurgencies raised during Muhammad shah reign:-

The insurgencies raised are following:-

1) Lunghah family formed their independent state in Multan.

2) Behlool Lodhi captured central and eastern Punjab and started to became politically strong, but
Muhammad shah didn’t take action against them accepted their rule.

Hence, no blood was spilt and he peacefully ruled till 1445.

He died his natural death in 1445.

4) Allauddin Alem Shah (1445- 1451):-

After the death of Muhammad shah, Allauddin Alem shah came into power.
He was worthless sultan and spent most of the time in fulfilling his desires and did not took interest in
the politics and administration of the Delhi Empire. That is why many royal rulers and feudal lords
formed their own independent state, and during his reign, Delhi Empire was barely few Kilometers in
area. In 1448, he completely left Delhi own its own.

Because of the absent mindedness and worthlessness of Allauddin Alem shah in state affairs, the noble
and royal rulers made Behlool Shah as the new Sultan of Delhi.

From there, the era of Lodhi dynasty began.

Q4) For what reason the rulers of Lodhi Dynasty failed to save
Hindustan from Destruction.
A) Because of the destruction caused by Amir Taimur and the Syed Dynasty the Hindustan was in a
terrible state. After Allauddin Alem shah the last ruler of Syed Dynasty, Lodhi dynasty ascended to the
thrones.

Lodhi Dynasty was the 5th and the last ruling family of Delhi sultanate. In Afghani language “Lodhi”
means “Great or Almighty”.

1) Arrival of Lodhi Dynasty:-

Because of the absent mindedness and worthlessness of Allauddin Alem shah in

state affairs, the noble and royal rulers made Behlool Shah as the new Sultan of Delhi.

From there, the era of Lodhi dynasty began.

2) Behlool Lodhi (1451- 1489):-

Behlool Lodhi belonged to Afghani race and after his accession to thrones, he
gave important values to the people of his race and appointed them for many important designations.

.) Role of Behlool Lodhi in the expansion of his empire:-

 Behlool Lodhi always desired to expand his Empire, so first
took action against Langhah family in Multan but failed. Then, he tried to recapture Jonpur and after
many years he succeeded to capture, before his death. He died on 1489.

3) Sikandar Lodhi (1489- 1517):-

After the death of Behlool Lodhi his son Sikandar Lodhi came into power. On
his accession to the thrones, he adopted the policies same like his fathers, but his brothers were
creating hurdles in his way because they believed that he was only the rightful ruler of Delhi Empire, so
in-order to avoid clashes with his brother, Sikandar Lodhi appointed his one brother as the governor of
Jonpur and other as the governor of Autawa. When the royal ruler of Jonpur raised insurgency, Sikandar
Lodhi fully supported his brother, but his brother failed to stop the insurgencies. Hence, he was replaced
with another trusted man of the Sultan. The former ruler of Jonpur, later on again tried to defeat the
Sultan but failed.

He also captured Bihar and reduced Gwalior to subjection. He changed his capital from Delhi to Agra,
which proved to be a right decision because of the poor conditions in Delhi.

Sikandar Lodhi was the greatest king of the Lodi Dynasty. He died on 1517 after a successful reign of 28
years.

4) Ibrahim Lodhi (1517-1526):-

After the death of Sikandar Lodhi, the Afghani royal rulers together decided
to make Ibrahim the eldest son of Sikandar the ruler of Delhi and his younger son Jallal Khan, the ruler of
Jonpur.

.) Rivalry with brother (Jallal Khan):-

Ibrahim has many disputes with Jallal khan over the thrones. Because of
these disputes, they both made their separate Afghan parties. Hence, the Afghan nation was separated
into 2 half’s.

.) Rana Sangha and Ibrahim Lodhi:-

Rana Sangha took advantage of the disunity between Afghani’s. He also

captured many areas from Syed family of Delhi and wanted to form his Empire in Hindustan. Hence, he
decided to attack Ibrahim Lodhi.

Ibrahim Lodhi was afraid because of the increasing strength of Rana Sangha.

Both fought very bravely and the battle lasted for many day and at last he apologized with Rana Sangha
and the battle was over, but the Sultan’s reputation and his army were badly injured.

.) Royal rulers and Ibrahim Lodhi:-

Ibrahim Lodhi was a very strict type of dictatorship. He used to treat his
governor badly and punished them on small mistakes. Hence, because of his strictness, many royal
rulers were against him and formed their own independent state.

.) Daulat khan Lodhi and Ibrahim Lodhi:-

 Ibrahim Lodhi had not even trusted Daulat khan Lodhi who was the governor of
Punjab so, he asked for Daulat Khan Lodhi presence in Delhi but, send his son Dallawar Khan to Delhi to
meet Daulat khan lodhi because he thought that Daulat khan might had plotted a conspiracy against
him. When Dallawar met Daulat khan, he was insulted by him. So, when Dallawar came back to his
father, he told him about the whole incident.

.) Babar and Ibrahim Lodhi:-

Babar was invited by Daulat khan Lodhi to capture Hindustan, so in 1524 he first
captured Punjab. Later on, in 1526 Babar defeated Ibrahim Lodhi in the field of Pani patt. Hence, the
Mughal Dynasty began.

.) Conclusion:-

Lodhi dynasty was better than Syed Dynasty, but because of the disunity between
Afghani’s ended them up.