Slave Dynasty and Delhi

Sultanate
A brief history and Achievements
• The Mamluk Dynasty (sometimes referred as Slave
Dynasty or Ghulam Dynasty) (Persian: ‫) سلطنتمملوک‬, (Urdu:  ‫غالم‬
‫ ) خاندان‬was directed into Northern India by Qutb ud-Din Aibak,
a Turkic Mamluk slave general from Central Asia.
• The Mamluk Dynasty ruled from 1206 to 1290;
• it was the first of five unrelated dynasties to rule as the 
Delhi Sultanate till 1526.
•  Aibak's tenure as a Ghurid dynasty administrator lasted
from 1192 to 1206, a period during which he led invasions
into the Gangetic heartland of India and established control
over some of the new areas
 Qutb ud Deen Aibak
• In 1206, Muhammad of Ghor, Sultan of the Ghurid
Empire was assassinated.
•  Since he had no children, his empire split into minor
sultanates led by his former mamluk generals. 
• Taj-ud-Din Yildoz became the ruler of Ghazni. 
• Muhammad bin Bakhtiyar Khilji got Bengal. Nasir-ud
-Din Qabacha became the sultan of Multan. 
• Qutb ud-Din Aibak became the sultan of Delhi, and
that was the beginning of the Slave dynasty.
 QDA
• Aibak rose to power when a Ghorid superior was assassinated. [9]
 However, his reign as the Sultan of Delhi was short lived as he
died in 1210 and his son Aram Shah rose to the throne, only to
be assassinated by Iltutmish in 1211
• he first Sultan of the Mamluk dynasty was Qutb ud-Din Aibak
‫یبک‬
( ‫) قطب الدین ا‬, who had the titular name of Sultan (‫ ) سلطان‬and
reigned from 1206 to 1210. He temporarily quelled the
rebellions of Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha of Multan and Tajuddin
Yildoz of Ghazni.
• Making Lahore his capital, he consolidated his control over North
India through an administrative hold over Delhi.
• He also initiated the construction of Delhi's earliest Muslim
monuments, the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque and the Qutb Minar. 
 Altmash/Iltutmish
• he Sultanate under Iltutmish established cordial
diplomatic contact with the Abbasid Caliphate between
1228–29 and
• had managed to keep India unaffected by the invasions of 
Genghis Khan and his successors.[6]Following the death of
Iltutmish in 1236 
• After Genghis Khan's death, Iltutmish consolidated his
hold on northern India by retaking many of the lost
territories. In 1230, he built the Hauz-i-Shamsireservoir in 
Mehrauli, and in 1231 he built Sultan Ghari, which was the
first Islamic mausoleum in Delhi.
 Razia Sultana
• he fifth Sultana was Razia al-Din (‫رضیہ الدین‬ ), who had the titular
name of Jalâlat-ud-dîn Raziyâ Sultana (‫ جاللۃ الدینرضیہ سلطانہ‬ ) and
reigned from 1236 to 1240.
• As the first female Muslim ruler in Inda, she initial managed to
impress the nobles and administratively handled the Sultanate
well.
• However, she began associating with the African Jamal-ud-Din
Yaqut,
•  Malik Altunia whom she agreed to marry. Her half-brother Muiz-
ud-din Bahram, however, usurped the throne with the help of the
Chihalgani and defeated the combined forces of the Sultana and
her husband. 
 Balban
• Rukn ud din Firuz to Razia Sultana until Ghiyas ud
din Balban rose to the throne and successfully
repelled both external threats to the Sultanate from
the Chagatai Khanate invasions and internal threats
from the rebellious sultanate nobles.
• The Khalji dynasty came into being when Jalal ud
din Firuz Khalji overthrew the last of the Slave
dynasty rulers, Muiz ud din Qaiqabad, the grandson
of Balban, and assumed the throne at Delhi.
Khilji Dynasty
 Khiljis Dynasty
• The Khalji or Khilji[a] dynasty was a Muslimdynasty
which ruled large parts of the Indian subcontinent
 between 1290 and 1320.
•  It was founded by Jalal ud din Firuz Khalji and
became the second dynasty to rule the 
Delhi Sultanate of India.
• The dynasty is known for their faithlessness and
ferocity, conquests into the Hindu south, [2] and for
successfully fending off the repeated 
Mongol invasions of India.[5][6]
• Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji, who was around 70 years old at the time of his
ascension, was known as a mild-mannered, humble and kind monarch
to the general public.[22][23]
• Jalaluddin succeeded in overcoming the opposition of the Turkish
nobles and ascended the throne of Delhi in January 1290.
• Jalal-ud-din was not universally accepted: During his six-year reign
(1290–96), Balban's nephew revolted due to his assumption of power
and the subsequent sidelining of nobility and commanders serving the
Mamluk dynasty.
• [24] Jalal-ud-din suppressed the revolt and executed some
commanders, then led an unsuccessful expedition against 
Ranthambhor and repelled a Mongol force on the banks of the 
Sind River in central India with the help of his nephew Juna Khan.
 Tughlaq Dynasty
• Jalaluddin1290–1296Alauddin1296–1316
Shihabuddin Omar1316
Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah1316–1320
Khusro Khan1320
• Tughlaq dynasty[show]
• Sayyid dynasty[show]
• Lodi dynasty[show]
• The Tughlaq dynasty[9] also referred to as Tughluq or Tughluk
dynasty, was a Muslimdynasty of Turko-Indian origin[10] which
ruled over the Delhi sultanate in medieval India.[11] Its reign
started in 1320 in Delhi when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne
under the title of Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq. The dynasty ended in
1413.[1][12]
• The dynasty expanded its territorial reach through a military
campaign led by Muhammad bin Tughluq, and reached its
zenith between 1330 and 1335.[2] Its rule was marked with
torture, cruelty and rebellions, resulting in the rapid
disintegration of the dynasty's territorial reach after 1335 AD.
[13]
 Sayyid Dynasty
• The Sayyid dynasty was the fourth dynasty of the 
Delhi Sultanate, with four rulers ruling from 1414 to
1451. Founded by Khizr Khan a former governor of 
Multan, they succeeded the Tughlaq dynasty and
ruled the sultanate until they were displaced by the 
Lodi dynasty. Members of the dynasty derived their
title, Sayyid, or the descendants of the 
Prophet Muhammad, based on the claim that they
belonged to the Prophet's lineage through his
daughter Fatima, and son-in-law and cousin Ali.
• Khizr Khan[edit]
• Billon Tanka of Khizr Khan INO Firoz Shah Tughlaq
• Khizr Khan was the governor of Multan under Firuz Shah Tughlaq. When Timur invaded India, Khizr Khan a sayyid
from Multan joined him. Timur appointed him the governor of Multan and Lahore. He then conquered the city of
Delhi and started the rule of the Sayyids in 1414. He was ruling in name of Timur. He could not assume an
independent position in all respects. As a mark of recognition of the suzerainty of the Mongols, the name of the
Mongol ruler (Shah Rukh) was recited in the khutba but as an interesting innovation, the name of Khizr Khan was
also attached to it. But strangely enough the name of Mongol ruler was not inscribed on the coins and the name
of old Tughlaq sultan continued on the currency. No coins are known in the name of Khizr Khan. [4]
• Mubarak Shah[edit]
• Double falus of Mubarak Shah
• Mubarak Shah was the son of Khizr Khan. He came to the throne in 1421. He was a man of great vision, but the
nobles were against him and kept revolting.
• Muhammad Shah[edit]
• Muhammad Shah was a nephew of Mubarak Shah. He ruled from 1434-1445.
• Ala-ud-din Alam Shah[edit]
• Billon Tanka of 80 rati of Alam Shah
• Alam Shah was a weak ruler. In 1451 he surrendered Delhi to Bahlul Lodi and went to Budaun where he spent rest
of his life.
 Lodhi Sulltanate
• Lodi dynasty
1451–1526
• CapitalDelhi
• Common languagesPersianReligionSunni Islam
• GovernmentMonarchyHistory • Established
• 1451• Disestablished
• Bahlul Khan Lodi1451–1489
• Sikandar Lodi1489–1517
• Sikandar Lodi (r. 1489–1517) (born Nizam Khan), the second son of Bahlul, succeeded him after
his death on 17 July 1489 and took up the title Sikandar Shah. He was nominated by his father to
succeed him and was crowned sultan on 15 July 1489. He founded Agra in 1504 and built
mosques. He shifted the capital from Delhi to Agra.[6] He abolished corn duties and patronized
trade and commerce. He was a poet of repute, composing under the pen-name of Gulruk. He
was also patron of learning and ordered Sanskrit work in medicine to be translated into Persian
and Afghani.[7] He curbed the individualistic tendencies of his Pashtun nobles and compelled
them to submit their accounts to state audit. He was, thus, able to infuse vigor and discipline in
the administration. His greatest achievement was the conquest and annexation o
 Ibrahim Lodhi
• Ibrahim Lodi1517–1526
• Ibrahim Lodi (r. 1517–1526), the youngest son of Sikandar, was the last
Lodi Sultan of Delhi.
• He had the qualities of an excellent warrior, but he was rash and
impolitic in his decisions and actions. His attempt at royal absolutism
was premature and his policy of sheer repression unaccompanied by
measures to strengthen the administration and increase the military
resources was sure to prove a failure.
• Ibrahim faced numerous rebellions and kept out the opposition for
almost a decade. He was engaged in warfare with the Afghans and the 
Mughal Empire for most of his reign and died trying to keep the Lodi
Dynasty from annihilation. Ibrahim was defeated in 1526 at the 
Battle of Panipat.[9] 
 Fall of Delhi Sultanate
• This marked the end of the Lodi Dynasty and
the rise of the Mughal Empire in India led by 
Babur (r. 1526–1530).[10]
• The Lodi dynasty (or Lodhi [1]) was an Afghan[2]
dynasty that ruled the Delhi Sultanate from
1451 to 1526.
• It was the last dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate,
and was founded by Bahlul Khan Lodiwhen he
replaced the Sayyid dynasty.[3][4]