Report Properties lab

The aim of this experiment, to separate insoluble solid from liquid, specific to separate mud
. from water

:Introduction

Filtration is commonly the mechanical or physical operation which is used for the separation of
products like solids from fluids by interposing a medium through which only the fluid can pass.
The fluid that passes through is called a filtrate, and filtration is the best established and most
.versatile method for removing insoluble from dilute streams like fermentation broths

Loss of fluid (usually water and soluble chemicals) from the mud to the formation occurs when
the permeability is such that it allows fluid to pass through the pore spaces. As fluid is lost, a
.build-up of mud solids occurs on the face of the wellbore. This is the filter cake

The loss of liquid from a mud due to filtration is cintrolled by the filter cake formed of the solid
constiuents in the drilling fluid. Two types of filtration occur, dynamic, while circulating and
static, while the mud is at rest. Dynamic filtration reaches a constant rate when the rate of
erosion of the filter cake due to circulating matches the rate of deposition of the filter cake.
Static filtration will cause the cake to grow thicker with time, whih results in a decrease in loss
of fluids with time. The test consists of monitoring the rate at which fluid is forced from from a
filter press under specific conditions of time, temperature and pressure, then measuring the
thickness of the residue deposited upon the filter paper. Excessive filtration and thick filter cake
:build up are likely to cause the following problems

.Tight hole, causing excessive barrier-1

.Increased pressure, due to reduced hole diameter -2

.Differential sticking, due to an increased pipe contact in filter cake -3

.excessive formation damage and evaluation problems with wireline logs -4

 Pressure also affects filtration by compressing the filter cake, reducing its permeability and
therefore reducing the filtrate. Increased temperature has the effect of reducing the viscosity of
the liquid phase and hence increasing filtration. With all other factors being constant, it has
been found in early work that the volume of fluid lost is roughly proportional to the square root
.of the time for filtration

:Apparatus and Material

Water

Bentonite

Cylinder

Beaker

Mud balance

Filtration

:Procedure

.Loosen the T-screw until the filter cell can be removed from the frame -1

.Remove the filter cell and disassemble it-2

.Assume that all parts of the filter cell are dry and clean -3

.Check to see that the rubber gasket in the base cap is evenly placed -4

.Check the filtrate tube in the base cap to be certain it is free of obstruction -5

.Place the screen in the base cap with the wide rim up -6
 .Place filter paper on the top of the screen-7

.Place the second rubber gasket on the top of the filter paper -8

.Replace the cell body-9

.Turn the cell body clockwise until it securely fastensinto the J slots -10

.Check to see that the rubber gasket is evenly fitted into the top cap -11

.Fill the filter cell within the drilling mud sample -12

.Check to see thst the hole in the top cap is free of obstruction -13

.Place the top cap on the filter cell-14

.Place the cell body into the frame-15

.Tighten the T-screw securely-16

Place a graduated cylinder under the filtrate tube and adjust the support to keep the -17
.cylinder under the filtrate tube

Close the pressure-relief valve until the pressure is 100+5 psi or 100-5 psi. Start -18
.timing immediately

.Allow the test to continue for 30 minutes -19

Read and make note of the amount of filtrate in the graduated cylinder to the -20
.nearest 0.1cc

.Open the valve on the regulator by turning counterclockwise -21

.Wait until pressure is released-22

.Remove the cell from the frame by loosening the T-screw -23

.Remove the top cap and pour the mud out-24

 .Remove the bottom cap from the cell-25

.Turn the bottom cap upside down on a solid surface and remove the filter paper -26

.Measure the thickness of the filter cake to the nearest 1/32 inch -27

: Result and discussion

In this experiment, after prepared the mud must be fint the mud filtrate (this water is
injection ) put the mud into the mud cake untill 6mm rimain to be fill and the test start
in 100 psi of presurre and the range of pressure (95 till 105 )psi and close the presure
relief valve ubtill the pressure 100+5 psi or 100_5 psi and start timing imediately ( take a
beaker and pressure relief valve must be increasing pressure until 100 psi ,read the time
by using stop watch ,we use two time 7.5 minutes for determine water filtrate ( fluid
loss ).the fluid loss =15.6 cc after that prssure reduce to 0 and after 30 minute mud cake
apperaed the thickness of mud cake can be determined by put the ruler into the filter
. paper and determine thickness of it

: Conclusion

In this experiment after we prepared the mud ,find the fluid loss ( water filtrate ) which
is equal to 15.6 cc after 30 minute we can determine the thickness of mud cake by using
. ruller
 Conclusion

: Reference

https://books.google.iq/books?id=3Qx9BgAAQBAJ&pg=PT807&dq=Petroleum+prod
uct+density&hl=ckb&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS6v2f7DhAhUPcZokHdBUAIKQ6AEIJTAB/v
=onepage&q=Petroleum%20product%20density&f=false [Accessed 27 Apr.2019]

Google Books. (2019). Manual on hydrocarbon Analysis. [online] Available

at:
https://books.google.iq/books?
id=LnExAi4I02gC&pg=PA222&dq=Petroleum+product+density&hI=ckb&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjS6
v2f7DhAhUPcZoKHdBUAIKQ6AEIKzAC/v=onepage&q=Petroleum%20product
.%20density&f=false[Accessed27Apr.2019]