Final Exam MD2140E - Virology, Mycology and Parasitology

Version 2

Closed Question – 0.4 point, total: 20 points; True / False – 0.25 point, total: 10 points; Missing words – 0.4
point, total: 10 points. Total score – 40 point

1. How are viruses different from Bacteria ?

A. Viruses do not replicate by binary fission B. Viruses are smaller
C. Viruses are obligate intracellular parazites D. A and B E. All of the above

2. Bacteriophage replication differs from animal virus replication because only bacteriophage replication involves
A. Adsorption to specific receptors. B. Assembly of viral components.
C. Replication of viral nucleic acid. D. Injection of naked nucleic acid into the host cell.
E. Lysis of the host cell.

3. The mechanism whereby an enveloped virus leaves a host cell is called

A. Transduction; B. Budding; C. Abduction; D. Lysogeny; E. Penetration;

4. Which one of the following infection routes is most often involved in the neonatal transmission of hepatitis B virus
(HBV)?
A. Blood transfusion
B. Fetal contact with infected blood during childbirth
C. Ingestion of the virus via maternal breast milk
D.Transmission of the virus from hospital personnel during childbirth

5. A chemical component that is NOT found in all viruses is:

A. Protein; B. Lipid; C. DNA; D. RNA

6. Viruses range in size (diameter) from:

A.1-100 nm; B. 20-300 nm; С. 10-100 μm; В. 400-1000 nm; D. 1-10 μm

7. Bacteriophage are readily counted by the process of:

A. Immunoassays ; B. ELISA ; C. Plaque assays; D . Tissue cell culture ; E. Electron Microscopy

8. A type of cell culture that can reproduce for an extended number of generations and is used to support viral
replication is a :
A. Primary cell culture ; B. Continuous cell line;
C. Cell strain; D) Diploid fibroblast cell;
E. Connective tissue

9. Which of the following is the correct order for DNA-virus replication?

1. Maturation 2. DNA synthesis 3. Transcription 4. Translation
A. 1; 2; 3; 4; B. 2; 3; 4; 1; C. 3; 4; 1; 2;
D. 4; 1; 2; 3; E. 4; 3; 2;1

10. A lytic virus has infected an animal. Which of the following would best describe what is happening inside
the body?
A. The virus is causing the death of the infected cells in the host;
B. The virus is not killing any cells in the host;
C. The virus is incorporating its nucleic acid with that of the host’s cells;
 D. The virus is slowly killing the host’s cells;
E. The virus is infecting cells and then releasing only small amounts of virus

11. Adenoviruses spread by:

A. Direct contact; B. Respiratory droplets ; C. Fecal-oral route; D. All of the above

12. The primary victims of the influenza pandemic of 1918-1919 were

A . members of the military; B. infants and the elderly;
C. residents of Spain; therefore, it was known as the “Spanish Flu."
D. young adults; E. US residents

13. Cytopathic effects are changes in host cells due to

A. Viral infections; B. Protozoan infections;
C. Fungal infections; D. Bacterial infections; E. helminthic infections

14. An example of the condition in animal cells similar to lysogeny would be

A. Slow viral infection; B. Latent viral infection;
C. T-even bacteriophage; D. Infections resulting in cell death infection;
E. None of the above

15. Which of the following would be the first step in the biosynthesis of a virus with reverse transcriptase?
A. A complementary strand of RNA must be synthesized
B. Double stranded-RNA must be synthesized
C. A complementary DNA strand must be synthesized from an RNA template;
D. A complementary DNA strand must be synthesized from an RNA template
E. none of the above

16. An infectious protein is a

A. Bacteriophage; B. Prion C. Retrovirus.; D. Viroid; E. Papovavirus

17. Adenoviridae and Poxviridae are similar by content of :

A. Single-stranded RNA; B. Double-stranded DNA ;
C. Double-stranded RNA; D. Single-stranded DNA

18. All of the following statements are true regarding the attachment or adsorption of the virion to the host cell EXCEPT
that:
A. For naked virions, the surface capsid proteins are responsible for binding to a specific cell receptor;
B. For enveloped viruses, the spikes are responsible for binding to a specific cell receptor;
C. A cell lacking a receptor for a specific virus is not infected by that virus;
D. Majority of animal viruses are highly specific in that they can only bind with particular cell types;
E. All of these are true;
F. All of these are false

19. Which of the following is NOT possible?

A. single-stranded DNA virus; B. double-stranded DNA virus;
C. One single-stranded RNA and one single-stranded DNA in same virus;
D. Single-stranded RNA virus ; E. double-stranded RNA virus

are RNA viruses that are copied into DNA so that they can integrate into the host's DNA.
A. Retroviruses ; B. Lytic viruses; C. Lysogenic viruses ;
D. Icosahedral viruses; E. Cylindrical viruses;
 20. Which shape of viruses contains 20 equilateral triangles?
A. Cylindrical; B.Icosahedral; C. Binal symmetry; D.Triangular ; E. Circular

21. What is the function of the tail fibers of bacteriophage T4?

A. Proteins that make up the virion structure. B. Involved in host cell take over
C. Involved in replication of the viral genome ; D. More than one of the above.

22. Which of the following is true of viroids?

A. They are naked, single stranded circular RNA; B.They seem to encode no proteins;
C. They are very large particles; D. All of the above are true;
E. More than one of the above, but not all, are true.

23. Which of the following best describes physicochemical properties of parvoviruses?

A. Enveloped virus particle; B. single stranded DNA genome;
C. is effectively inactivated by ether treatment; D. virus exhibits helical symmetry;
E. Virion is the same size as herpesviruses

24. Which adenovirus protein serves as primer for initiation of viral DNA .
A. Fiber; B. Hexon; C. Penton; D. Terminal protein; E. E1 region protein

25. Which herpesvirus is the causative agent of genital infections?

A. Cytomegalovirus ; B. Herpes simplex 2;
C. Epstein –Barr virus; D. Herpes simplex 1;
E. Varicella zoster

26. Smallpox can be spread by both exposure to skin scabs and by what other method?
A. Bites from infected insects ; B. Fecal-oral route;
C. Respiratory route; D. Sexual transmission;
E. Bites from infected animals

27. All of the following picornaviruses are resistant to the acidity of the stomach except
A. Coxsackievirus A ; B. Coxsackievirus B;
C. Echo virus; D.Poliovirus ;
E. Rhinovirus

28. What are hemagglutinin and neuraminidase?

A. Exotoxins produced by the influenza virus;
B. Glycoproteins on influenza virus that contribute to virulence;
C. Proteins found in the nucleus of influenza virus;
D. Proteins that surround each segment of the nucleic acid of influenza virus

29. What increases the possibility of antigenic shift in influenza virus?

A. The presence of neutralizing antibodies to influenza;
B. The annual flu shot;
C. Aerosol transmission of influenza;
D.The simultaneous infection of one individual with two influenza strains of different origin
 30. Which of the following is not characteristic of Paramyxoviruses?
A. Genome is negative –sense RNA;
B. Envelope contains a glycoprotein with fusion activity;
C. Relocation cycle occurs in the cytoplans of susceptible cells;
D. Genome is segmented

31. An EU citizen is going to China for 10 months. He leaves in 2 weeks. He has never received either the Hepatitis
A or B vaccines. Which is the best choice today for her immunoprophylaxis of hepatitis A?
A. A dose of hepatitis A vaccine today ;
B. A dose of IM immunoglobulin and a dose of hepatitis A vaccine;
C. A dose of immunoglobulin ;
D. Three doses of IG immunoglobulin before he leaves

32. The medical professionals in the low-middle income countries need to update with their immunizations,
particularly
A. Hepatitis B; B. Hepatitis E; C. Hepatitis A;
D). Hepatitis C; E. Hepatitis A and B;

33. What is the arthropod vector for Yellow fever?

A. Phlebotomus; B. Anopheles mosquito;
C. Ixodes tick; D. Aedes egiptii

34. Viral infection can lead to

A. Acute self limited illness ; B. No apparent symptoms;
C. Chronic infection with persistent viral shedding; D. All of these

35. Human papillomavirus causes following tumors:

A. Hepatic carcinoma; B. Cervical cancer;
C. Condyloma acuminatum; D. Melanoma

36. Adenoviruses are characterized with following except

A. Naked viruses; B. Icosahedral morphology; C.12 vertices;
D. Each vertex has a fiber; E. dsDNA, segmented

37. What is the best characteristic for Cytomegalovirus :

A. May re-occur as a genital lesion;
B. Is a ubiquitous virus which infects most people early in life;
C. Can remain in a latent state in the trigeminal ganglia;
D. Needs co-infection with HIV to cause any clinical disease;
E. Is the leading cause of infectious mononucleosis.

38. Which of the following herpesviruses is transmitted via the respiratory route?
A. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1); B. Herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2);
C. Varicella-zoster (VZV); D. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV);
E. Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

39. Which of the following statements about polio is FALSE?

A. Polio is nearly eradicated in developed countries globallyl
B. J. Salk created the first polio vaccine;
C. The poliovirus may result In crippling and serious neurological conditions;
D. Most people infected with the poliovirus exhibit severe symptoms;
E. U.S. President Franklin Roosevelt was afflicted with polio.

40. In the summer a 7 yr old child was hospitalized with aseptic meningitis, myocarditis and pleuritis after eating at a
fast food restaurant . What was the most probably the causative agent?
A. Influenza virus;
B. Hepatatis A Virus ( HAV);
C. Varizella- zoster virus ( VZV);
D. Coxsackie virus A;
E. Coxsackie virus B;

41. Which of the following is not a flavivirus ?

A. Japaneese B encephalitis virus;
B. St. Louis encephalitis virus;
C. West Nile fever virus;
D. Measles virus;
E. Yellow fever virus

42. Which of the following serious and often fatal diseases is caused by hantavirus
A. Yellow fever; B. Japanese encephalitis;
C. Dengue fever; D. Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

43. HTLV-1/2 virus encodes enzyme called reverse transcriptase. What is the function of this enzyme?
A. DNA-se activity; B. RNA- dependent DNA polymeraze activity;
C. DNA- dependent RNA-polymerase activity; D. RNA-se activity;

44. Human papillomavirus can cause cancer in humans and is most commonly associated with
A. Rectal polyps ; B. Breast cancer; C. Prostate cancer:
D. Anogential cancers; E. Mesotheliomas;

45. Where did HIV originate?

A. Shimpanzee; B. Mad cow disease;
C. A strain of hepatitis virus; D. none of the above

46. Cell wall of fungi contains following substances EXCEPT

A. Chitin; B. Glucan; C. Mannan ; D. Peptidoglycan

47. Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

A. teleomorph — produces both sexual and asexual spores
B. dermatomycosis — fungal infection of the skin
C. dimorphic fungus — grows as a yeast or a mold
D. systemic mycosis — fungal infection of body organs
E. coenocytic hyphae — hyphae with cross-walls

48. Giardia and Trichomonas are unusual eukaryotes because they

A. Are motile; B. Lack mitochondria;
C. Lack nuclei; D. Have flagella

49. Which of the following statements about parasitic helminths is FALSE?

A. They are heterotrophic;
B. They are multicellular animals;
C. They have eukaryotic cells;
D. Their digestive system is more complex than in free-living helminthes;
E. Some have male and female reproductive organs in one animal.

True/ False
51. Flu viruses change constantly that requires a new vaccine to be produced each year
A. True B. False

52. The eclipse phase in the virus one-step growth curve can be described as a period where there are no infectious
virus particles in the cells or in the culture.
A. True B. False

53. Viruses multiply inside living cell using viral mRNA, tRNA and ribosomes
A. True B. False

54. The ability of a virus to infect an animal cell depends primarily upon the type of viral nucleic acid.

A. True B. False
55. A viroid is a completely developed infectious agent composed of nucleic acid and surrounded by a capsid
A. True B. False

56. Neurodegenerative slow infections in animals and humans are caused by viroids
A. True B. False

57. The pathogenesis and the type of viral diseases have strong relationship to viral morphology
A. True B. False
58. Pox viruses are the largest and most complex of all viruses. In fact, they are large enough, to be seen under a
light microscope.
A. True B. False
59. Viruses of the herpesvirus family commonly cause infections in immunocompromised individuals
A. True B. False
60. The Foot and mouth disease is the same Hand, foot and mouth disease.
A. True B. False
61. MERS , a newly discovered respiratory disease, is caused by a virus similar to that causing influenza.
A.True B. False
62. Parotitis and orchitis are characteristic complications of mumps
A.True B. False
63. The urban cycle of Yellow fever involves transmission of the virus between humans mediated by urban
mosquitoes, primarily Aedes aegyptii.
A. True B. False
64. There’s antigenic cross-reactivity between Hepatatis A virus with HBV or with the other hepatitis viruses
A. True B. False
65. Hepatatis A virus (HAV) is stable to treatments with 20% ether and acids with pH 1.0
A. True B. False
66. There is no specific chemotherapeutic treatment and no vaccine available for Yellow Fever.
A. True B. False
67. Among the structural proteins of Hepatitis B virus ( HBV) is large polymerase protein that includes DNA
polymerase and Reverse transcriptase.
A. True B. False
68. Viroids are the smallest infectious pathogens known. They are composed of a short strand of circular, single-
stranded RNA and protein coat.
A. True B. False
69. Prion disease does not include any signs of inflammation or fever and has long incubation period ( several
years or decades).
A. True B. False
70. A chronic infection develops in 70% of individuals infected with Hepatitis C virus ( HCV)
A. True B. False
71. Expression of the picornavirus genome results in the synthesis of a polyprotein.
A. True B. False
72. Arboviruses are more prevalent in northern temperate climatic zones .
A.True B. False
73. Rubela virus , classified in togaviridae family has noarthropod vector and is a not an arbovirus.
A. True B. False
74. Hepatatis C virus, classified as a separate genus in the Flaviviridae family, has an arthropod vector and
therefore is considered as arbovirus
A. True B. False
75. Flavo viriuses are enveloped viruses with positive sense single stranded RNA
A. True B. False
76. Human factors are insignificant in influencing the development of virus induced human cancers
A. True B.False
77. Short latent periods elapse between time of virus infections and tumor appearance
A. True B. False
78. Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are mold -like at 37°C and yeast -like at 25°C
A. True B. False
79. Almost all persons who are confirmed to be infected with HIV will remain infected for life and develop the
disease.
A. True B. False
80. Helminths are unicellular heterotrophic animals, with well developed internal structures
A.True; B. False
81. Pathogenic dimorphic fungi are mold -like at 37°C and yeast -like at 25°C
A; True B. False
82. Entamoeba hystolitica causes amebiasis - an intestinal disease with bloody, mucus-filled stools, fever,
diarrhea, and weight loss
A. True B. False
83. Plasmodium species, including P. vivax - the cause of malaria, are hemoflagellates.
A. True B.False
84. If given access to oxygen, yeasts perform aerobic respiration to metabolize carbohydrates to ethanol and water
A. True B. False
85. Human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-1 and -2) belong to the oncovirus subfamily and
are associated with human cancers (adult T-cell leukemia ).
A. True B. False
86. The acute or chronic fungal infection of the feet, commonly called “athlete’s foot”, is caused by Trichphyton
species.
A. True B. False
87. Dermatophytes are keratinophilic fungi – they possess keratinase allowing them to utilize keratin as a nutrient
& energy source
A. True B. False
88. Sporotrichosis occur most often in gardeners, especially those who prune roses
A. True B. False
89. Ascaris lumbricoides is a longest and largest round worm
A. True B. False
90. Enterobius vermicularis is a smallest round warm causing ascariasis.
A. True B. False

Fill gaps
91. In the replication of DNA viruses essential genes means the genes that encode _Genetic materil__ and
_capsid_ proteins.

92. Yellow fever virus is an RNA virus that belongs to the genus ___flavivirus__ , is related to West _Nile_ virus
and Japanese ___ Encephalitis____ virus.

93. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), the etiologic agent of viral hepatitis type A (infectious hepatitis), while Hepatitis B
virus (HBV) is associated with viral hepatitis B (_serum___hepatitis), and Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the agent of
hepatitis C ( so called _Post-transfusion_ hepatitis);

94. The pathogenic agent of the potato spindle tuber disease potato spindle tuber disease, was the first __viroid__
discovered. It consists of solely genetic material, a __RNA___ .
95. Chickenpox is a common _infectious_ disease , transmits with respiratory __droplet__ and direct_ contact.

96. Prion disease is spread via from person to person, either directly by _contact_ or by ingestion of contaminated
_food_.

97. The normal protein PrP 27-30 protein differs from the _Infectious_ protein PrP 33-35 in a single_Amino_ acid
residue.

98. Picornaviruses are small animal viruses containing ____RNA____ genome. This group includes
enteroviruses , which attack the vertebrate ‘s ___Intestinal__ tract and often invade the ___nerous___ system.

99. Most people infected with Polio virus have no symptoms whatsoever. However, in 1% of cases, _ paralysis of
the legs may occur with _Muscle_ atrophy, or decrease in _Muscle__ mass.

100. Main symptoms of arbovirus –related infections are severe _Head_ache, chills and _Fever__, that may last
up to _4_ days.

101. Filoviruses are filamentous or bacillary form viruses, with variable length ( up to 1200 nm for _Ebola_ virus)
and 80 nm of uniform _Diameter_.

102. In conditions of limited access to oxygen , yeasts convert _Carbohydrate_ into _Alcohol_ and carbon
dioxide. This is called _Fermentation__ and is used in the brewing, wine-making, and baking industries.

103. Systemic fungal infections result from inhalation of the spores of dimorphic fungi which have their _Mold_
forms in the soil. Within the lungs, the spores differentiate into _Yeast_ and cause infections, that sometimes
develop into severe lung disease.

104. _ Visceral __ leishmaniosis is most severe disease caused by Leishmania _Parasite_. This disease can be by
up to 90% _Mortality_if untreated.

105. After systemic tissue migration, Ascaris lumbricoides reenters the gut from the _Lunge_ via the
_Esophagus_: cough up and swallow eggs to re-infect _Small_ intestine.

106. Ancylostoma duodenale is spread worldwide. Adult organisms are 10 cm long, live in _Small_ intestine,
attaches to intestinal villus and suck blood , resulting in _ Hookworm infection_.

107. Trypanosoma cruzi causes _Chagas_ disease which is transmitted by _ Triatomine bug _ . Mostly spread in
Central and _South_ America.

108. Antifungal drugs Amphotericin B and nystatin both bind to __Cell membrane__ and create membrane pores,
causing cell _Leakage_ and death.

109. Erythema infectiosum ( with another name _Fifth_ disease), is a childhood illness first presenting as _Cold_ -
like symptoms, progressing in couple of weeks to a ”_ Slapped_ cheek” rash on the face.