3 Dynamics ACIC H2/P3/7. 2 cic H2/P3/1. 4 cic H2/P3/2 5 Hel H2/P3/5. 6 uc H2yP3/1 a ic H2/P3/6. 9 Mi H2/P2/1. 10 Mic H2/P2/2 a MIC H2/P3/5. a Nc H2/P2/1. a Nic H2/P2/2 15 Nyc H2/P2/2 16 NYC H2/P3/1 wv Pic H2/P3/6. wv RL H2/P2/1. 19 RVHS H2/P2/3. 19 SAIC H2/3/5. 20 RIC H2/P2/1. 2 TPIC H2/P2/1. 2B TPIC H2/P3/1. 2B vic H2/P2/1. 24 3 Dynamics Page 1 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 18ACJC H2/P3/7 Z)@) oO FR . -F Miu, Myup = My, + Mave Aly | 0) 00) - (19),800) = -@o)v, - 1.0)% 4. | 2700 = 008 on) ‘lative spesd of approaci— elatve speed separation As collsion is elastic, we w= wt 300 = (900) =v, Cy) 00 = y+ vy @ ane y= (-ve:opp dieto initial assumed dirn) final momentum of, final momentum of 780 Ns 2. | Loss of energy due to heat/sound momentum / Ns * 83 calision | callsion | colison Total momentum 2 Total kinetic energy a=Fim = 1.38 x 10°N/1380 0.0 ms? At {c) Calculate the distance travellec before it comes to rest. Solution: M4 Work done by breaking force =K.E. loss At Fd=KE. d= KE. /F = 667400/1.38 x 1¢° =48.4m (d) Suggest whether the answer in(c) is an overestimation or underestimation Solution: In practice, air resistance and rolling friction of the road are present Bt The total decelerating force is larger and hence the dstance travelled willbe B4 Shorter, The value is an overesimation. Examiner's comments, (d) Many answers were no: fully explaned that ‘+ the air resistance is in the same direction 2s the braking force hence the total resisive force islarger ‘+ that the larger deceleration results in a smaller actual distance travelled (e) Discuss whether the braking o' the car wil cause injury to the driver by the safety bel. No solution is given by the JC 3 Dynamics Page 4 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 21ge 2. Fig 2.1 below shows a container of mass 45 kgfloating i (a) (b) H2/P3/2 deep space where the effect Calculate the speeds of The impulse from the explosion on A is 10 kg ms the fragments immediately after explosion Solution: For A: Impulse on A = change in morrentum of A 10=5.0v-0 v=20ms* At For B Impulse on B = change in momentum of B 10=10v-0 Mt v=1.0ms" The fragments adhere to the walls of the container upon impact. Sketch the horizontal position time/s Note’ Horizontal portion before 1 s. After the explosion, fragment A takes about 1 sto reach end X of thecontainer, and only then it starts moving. Straight line with constant gradient after 1s. After fragment A collides with the wall of the container, the container and A would move to the right with a common velocity while B continues to move to the left before it hits the wall. Total momentum of container and A will be 10 kg m s''. Since no net external force acts on the coniainer after that, its velocity remains constant, and hence the increment of its displacement with time is constant 3 Dynamics Page 5 of 25 sgfreepapers.comBy conservation of momentum, it can be shown that the common velocity of the container and Aafter impact is 0.2 ms" During the time that A takes to hit the well, B would have movad to the left by 1.0 m, Let tbe the time elapsed between A hits the wall anc B hits the wall 1.0 (t) +0.2(t)=34-1.0 t=20s Time B hits the wall = 2.0 + 1.0=3.0s Horizontal portion at the last part. As E takes about 3.4 s to travel 3.4 m, since the contaner is moving at the speed of | ms, B will take lesser than 3.4 s to hit the wall of the conaainer (see proof above). Once B hits and sticks to the left wall upon mpact, the container will lose rightward momentum. Since the system of the fragments and container is an isolated system, by the principle of conservation of momentum, their total final momentum must be equal to their total initial momentum ‘which is zero. Since all of them move at a common velocity finally, that common velocity must be zerc. Hence the containet will come to a stop again. Marking points: B2 - Shape of graph [2 marks] Bt - Labelling of 1.0 s ard 5.0 s. [calculation of 3.0 s is not expected] [1 mark] (c) Energy is generated during ‘he exploson. State the energy conversion during the first 5 seconds after explosion Solution: Energy is converted from cherrical eneray of the explosion to kinetic eneray B41 of A and B and then to thermal eneray when fragments A and 6 hit the wal, B41 and in the time interval between the impact of A and B, some eneray 's ‘converted to kinetic eneray of container too, HCl H2/P3/5 | @)_ | Rate of change of momentum. 81 ©) | (| Head-on: The carts travel along the same straigh: line as before the 81 collision, ai Elastic: The carts approsch and seperate at the same relative speed. i)_| Ifthe carts stop at the same instant, t implies totel momentum is zero at. | B1 ‘hat instant. But before the collision, btal momentum was non-zero. ee ‘This violates By the principle of conservation of omentum (PCOM), i ‘must remain non-zer0. 3 Dynamics Page 6 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 23(iil) | By PCOM: Total initial momentum = Total final momentum 200(2) + 300(-5) = 200v, +300v, oad Elastic collision: Relative speed of arproach = reative speed of separation 2-(-5)=%,-v, mt Solving the two equatiors give v, = -5.4 cm s* a and v, = 0.6cm s*. AL velocityiem * can 20 + (oxi) 81 00 4 e -s0 4 Fig, 52 (9 | |ayPcom: — 200(2.0)-300(-5.0)-s00v Mt : A 2ems ()_| Impulse on cart A = dp = 0-(0.020(0200) = -4.0« 10° kg ms", Mt Impulse on cart B is equal but opposte to impulse on cart A. Hence 40x | ®t 10° kgms*. (iv) | Energy stored in the magnetic field =loss in KE = KE,- KE, 4(0.200\0.020" +o. 300)(0.050)? -20. 5000.02)? M1 A =294x10% J (ECF from (c)(ii) allowed) 3 Dynamics Page 7 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 24@ ‘Total KER B1 Increase in KE durirg collision B1 lower KE after colision 00 Fig 5.3 (ii) Before contact, total KE ncreases dte to work done by magneticforce / | B1 loss in magnetic potentid energy. Final total KE is less because some KE is converted to heatinternal energy | 81 in an inelaste colision WC -H2/P3/1 1 Abullet of mass 2.0 g is fired horizontally into a block of wood of mass 600 g. The block (@ Determine the tension of the string after the bloc and bullet rise to a vertical distance of 8.6 cm, cos 6 = (1.50 -0.086)/1.50 0= 195° ‘At the highest point, v = 0 and the net force along the string is zero. mg cosa (0.602)9.81) cos(19.5) = 5.6N tension oN BI] () (i) Calculate the change in gravitational potential energy of the block and bullet. AGPE = mgah 602 (9.810.086) 51J 3 Dynamics Page 8 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 25a (ii) ‘Show that the initial speed of the block and he bullet, after they began to move off tocether, was 1.3m s. By conservation of energy, Loss in KE = Gain in GPE Yam -0 = AGPE UD) Ww (ii) 51(2)(0.602) = 1.3ms" Using the information in (by(il) and the principle of conservation of momentum, determine the speed of the bullet before the impact with the bock. By conservation of linear momentum, ‘Momentum, o of bullet + p of block = total finalp of bullet and block Mp + Meicitsocr= MV 0.002v, + 0 = 0.602(1.3) w=390ms" Calculate the kinetic energy of the aullet just before impact. KE = % mv’ = ¥% (0.002\(390)? = 182 J kinetic energy= , om ‘State and explain what can be deduced from your answers to (b\(l) and (d)(V) about the type of collision between the bullet and the block. ‘The kinetic energy before impact ('52u) is more than the kinetic energy after impact (0.51 4), total kinetic energy of the systsm decreases after the interaction and thus this is an inelastic collision IC H2/P3/6 eal ‘The rate of change of momentum of an objec is directly woporiional to the ‘sultant force acting 07 it. The charge in momertum takes place in he direction ‘of that foree.| When object A exerts a force on cnject B, then object B exerts a force of the ‘Same type that is equal in magnitude and opposits in directionon object A. Force Is proportional tothe rate of change of monentum, a) ‘Almost all students did not give face correctly as proportinal to the rate of ‘change of momentum even though we stil avard the mak based on their notes ex “In uniform ciular motion, the acceeration of the object is alvays perpendicular To the velcaty. This is known as the centripetal acceleration, al F 11] for correct situaton [1] for corect siegrem Many students Grew the F diagonally to a and v. Many also da not describe the Situation in words, 3 Dynamics sgfreepapers.com 26 Page 9 of 25ex ‘An object thrown up wil have a velecity UPWARDS, but the eoceleration cue to ‘the gravitational pull is DOWNWARDS. a Ti] fo" comect situation [1] fo: corect diagram ‘Surprisingly, many students drew the resultant foe and acceBration n opposite direction. TaN) | The Princple of conservation of monentum states thatthe Toll momentum ofa | [1] system of interacting bodies is constant providednno extemal resultant force acts sot Many students did nat mention “external” TANID | Yes, the aw wil stil apply a ‘The force on the bal by the particle and the force on the partcle by the bel are ‘equal and opposite ‘and thus there is no resultant force acting on the system. Cespite the system losing kinetic energy he total momentum of he system is stilconserved, Poorly attempted, and there is no link to zero resultant external force to the (HO | Using CON 12u+0.6-02)=1.2v+0.60.0) 1.2u=1.20+0.18----() Mm Using relative speed of approach = relative speec of separation u+02=01- 2) A Solving (1) and (2) ml u=0025ms" [1] for sub [i] forans Many forgot about the negative signfor the directon tothe fefland many stl use ‘COE to craft out their 2 equation and yet could not solve it ‘Solving (1) and (2) Ti forsub ve-0.126ms" {1 forans (f)] The equations used in (e) wil not apply as friction is an extemal force acting on | [1] the system and thus the total momentum before andafter the interaction is notconstant, m ‘any mentioned since there Is an extemal force, Principle of COM does nat apply. Actually it stil dos. MI H2/P2/1 T@) ‘M for Ne T correct diagram man vane AM for ™ correct dagram Wa ba es ‘Np force by frame on man, Ng force by man onframe AM for T: tension by rope on man T: tension by rope on frame defining Wo: weight by earth on man We weight by earthon frame the labels 3 Dynamics Page 10 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 27(b)| Considering the forces acting on ihe man, Considering the forces acting on ihe metal frame, AS N= Ne (4) * (2), Not T= Woy = (1) ™ T=N+Wy ~(2) ™ Nm 27 = Wn N+ Wy T= (80+ 20)(9.81)/2= 490.5N ™ MjC H2/P2/2 2 @ wy (ity Newton's first law of motion states that a boty will continue in its state of fest or uniform motion in a straight line unless an extemal resultant force acts on it, (E2] Inertia is the tendency of things to esist changes in motion. [B1] OR Inertia is the property of an object to stay in a state of rest of uniform ‘motion, Inertia is basically an aternative statement tc Newton's first law of motion, however, Newton's firs law of mation made reference to how motion of a ‘body can be changed with a resultant force. [B1] MJC H2/P3/5 5 (a|_ Newton's second Law of Motion states the rate of charge of momentum of a body. {is directy proportional to the resultant fore acting cn it and the change takes ‘place in the direction of the fore. [82] cy Scenario State more / Jess / same. Elevator moving with constantspeed Same Elevator moving up and speeding up More Elevator moving up and slowirg down _| Less Elevator moving down and speeding up__| Less Elevator moving down and sloving down | More 2 [82] for all correct. [B1] for any 3 or more correct 3 Dynamics Page 11 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 28(© (No. (At] When the parachute just opened, the drag force upwards due to air on the ‘parachutist experiences anet force upwards. [MI] She is accelerating upwards and hence cannot be experiencing weightlessness since she Is not tree-alling at acceleration due to gravity. (ii) No. [At] The fc at in the boy is equal and. to weight of the boy. Hence the net foree on him iszero. [M1] He is not experiencing weightlessness since he ie no: free-falling at acceleration due to gravity (d)_ The principle of conservation cf momentum states that the total momentum of a system of objects remains constant provided no resutant external force acts on the system, (2 (i) By conservaton of momentum, 0153v, +0.34v, = 0.53(7.2)+0.34(-9.6) 0.53v, +0.34v, =0.552 [B1] Relative speed of approzch = relative speed of separation 8.6) -(7.2) V,-Ye=-168 [81] OF Vp =¥4 +168 Substituting, 0.53v, +0.34(v, +16.8)= 0.552 -5.931=-59ms" 5.931+16.8 = 1047 =11ms" Ma —Ya (1) o [62] - catect snapeand symmetrical vertically and horizontally OR [B1] - correct shape but notsymmetrical FIN 2 s tis Fig. 5.3 3 Dynamics Page 12 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 293 Dynamics iii) (ivy Considering Ball A, Average F,, = 24 at 16.57 N Hence, max Fin, 053(-5.9-7.2) 0.42 ~16.57x2=-331N By Newton's third law, Fing=33.1N [Al] OR Considering Ball A, ‘Area under graph for bal A = Ap, 1 (Fsnmun) t= 0.53(-§9-7.2) Mt] F, Al aaa = -33.1N By Newton's third law, [At] Fong = 33.1N Fig. 5.4 sgfreepapers.com 30 mt) fall [B1)~ correct snape (noniinear line durng collision) [B1|- correct labels and Inte’section is positive Page 13 of 25NJC_H2/P2/1 1 ‘a) |) Resultant Force = ma =mass x gradient of curve at t= 0 veLoary/ ms* ME/S Answer= 2x radion= 2x 1225 =- 24 5» (VES INGICSTESTESWAWATES) Qiaii.) Force by baseball player on ball Air resistant jean ‘System is not in equiliorium because there is acceleratien. Resultant Force (downwards, because acceleration is negative) = Weight + air resistance ~ Force by basebal player 24.5 = 2 x9.81 + 0.150 x 49 — Face by baseball pl Force by baseball player = 2.47N b) + Average upward velocity is larger than average cownward velocity. Time = Distance / Average Velocity. Same distance in both cases Lower average downward velocity due to contintal loss of Kinetic energy due to work done against air resistance 3 Dynamics Page 14 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 31°) ‘© Find the gradient of the graph «Atv = Oat t=6s on the graph, because the only force on ballis gravity at that point q) ‘¢ Straight line graph '* Gradient of aporoximately 9.81ms? NC H2/P2/2 a) ‘© noresuitant external force ‘total linear momentum of the system n any direcion always remain constant. by) ‘Assumption: There is no resultan: external farce acting en the skateboard and the skateboarder. Examples are air resistance of friction. By the Principle of Conservation of Linear Momentum, 2 (1.5) + 60(0) = 62(v) v= 0.0484ms" bi) 1, Ey = 0.5x 2 x (0.0484) = 2.34x 10° J 2. The kinetic energy of the skateboard remains constant before and after the skateboarder has jumped oft - This is because the vertical rrotion of the skateboarder has no impact on the horizontal velocity (and hence the kinetie energy) ol the skateboard. i) momentum / kgm s* ‘Skateboard’ Skateboarder jumps on the jumps off the ‘skateboard skateooard 3 Dynamics Page 15 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 3?NYJC H2/P2/2 (a Explain why X will move up the slope after he system is released from rest. Since the component ofthe wight of X along the slope (mg sin 30° = 42 N) is ‘smaller than the weight of Y (ng = 49 N), X will move up the slope. (t) Calculate the speed of X when Y has travelled a distance of 1.50 m. The spring is at its natural length at this momert. Heigh: gained by X = 1.50sir30° =0.75m By conservation of eneray, loss in G.P.E of Y = Gain inG.P.E of X +Gain in K.E of X + Gain in K.E of Y 5.00%9.81x1.£0 ~8.50x881x0.75-+) x5.00xv' 43 x8.50xv? Jio.00 + 890)<0* =9.00x88141.90-3.50«881.0.79 (5.00x9.81%1 50 -6,50x981x0.75) 5.00+8.50 =1.28ms* ‘Show that the maximum changein length ofthe spring is 0.289 m. 2 By conservation of energy, loss in G.P.E of Y +Loss in KE of ¥ = Gain in E.P.E of spring 5.00x0.81% x+ 3 6,00>3,00"+ = 3<2.00%10"x x? 100x? - 49.05: -22.5=0 x=0289m 3 Dynamics Page 16 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 33NYJC H2/P3/1 @ © C) Define acceleration. fo} Its the rate of change of velocity with respect to time. (on Fig, 1.2, identty a point where the 2 magnets are dosest to each other. Label the point P tl] Bhnce both magnets have the same mass, same iia speed and experience the same amount of foree throughout tre calision, both of them ‘wil stop and change their direction of motion at the same time. This will mean they are closest to each other when they have zero velocity ie. at time 6.0 10° s. Explain why the average gradient of the graph from 0 5 to 6.0 « 10 s is greater than the average gradient of the graph from 6.0» 107 eto 16» 107, fo} From 0s to 6 * 10° s, the resutant force is larger since the magnetic force and friction are in the same direction while the resultart force is smualler since they are in opposite directions from 6 « 10” s to 15x 10? s, Therefore, by Newton's 2” Law, the average acceleration from 0s to 6 10° is alwayslarger than the average acceleration from 6 x 10? sto 15 = 10% s. Since the acceleration is given ty the gradient of the graph, the ‘average gradient of the graph from 0 3 b 6 = 1076 is greater than the average gradient of the graph from 6 = 19” s to 15 «10°, Using Fig. 1.2 and and taking the mass of magnet A to be 0.10 kg, calculate the ‘magnitude of the magnetic force at 6.0 x 10° s. Explain your working. R} The acceleration at 6.0 = 10” sis given by the gradient of the graph 6.0 x 107s. ‘The fricional force will be © N enee the magnet ie statienary. SF =ma F,-0=0.10x2.5x10" F, =25N PIC _H2/P3/6 6{a)__| The raie of change of monentum of a body is directly | [1] proportional to the resultant foice acting 01 it, and takes place in the drection of the resultantforce. ‘6(b)(I)_| There is a change in horizonial momentum of the stream of | [1] water. Therefore the trolley is exering a horizontal force on the water, according te Newton's Second lawof motion. i) By Newton's Third law of motion, the water exerts an equal ‘and opposite force on the trolley. i) 3 Dynamics Page 17 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 34q FEIT rors on water, = 2 Tilfor eoreat Fe = pyar? (0-vsin60) =-pv?sr? sin60 . Force on container F, = ma (for Fe=ma per sin60=ma [1] for correct v? sin60.0°(1000)7(0.800 x 107)? = 2.50(1.10) =e, v=3.97ms" ‘e(b NH) Tif for correct substitution [1] for correct ‘(b)(v) | Magnitude of average resultart force Ti}for correct * 4er1.4y48 10") Sener 48.10" (F)=57N ‘S(EM) | (av)? =3.18? +3.37 -2(3.1813.31)c08(25.0° +20.) Li fos conte av =253 ms" Et Fonconeet ‘B(by(IN) av Tif for correst 3. substitution [1] for correct m =0.108 kg answer ‘{e){) | PCM for interaction between bullet and first Block: Ti}for correct 3.50% 10°u +0 =3.50%10°v+ (1.200.630) substitution PCM for interaction between bullet and second block 1] for correct 3.50 10° +0=(3.50«10° -1.80)(1.40) an u=937 ms" i} for comect answer v=T2ims* [n)tor {EVN | Magnitude of the impulse on bullet = magnitude of impulse on firs: block = (1.20(0.630) ‘Average force {itor comet substitution No [1] for comect 1310 u = 3550N on 3 Dynamics Page 18 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 35RI H2/P2/1 1 (a ()__ Newton's second law sates that the rate of change of momentum [81] ot a body is proportional to the resultant force acting on the body and takes place in the drection of he resultant force, () () — T-mg=ma T 3700(2.81) = 3700(0.39) Mt] T= 3.774 «10° =3.77210°N [atl (4. am_aav_ pare) ane = lar at at =1.3%0x9.0°xv my =330 [ao] 2 F=24my at 150000 = 2 x330v~ v (M1) v=151ms" fat] (lil) The density of air decreases with increasing altitude, reducing the [81] thrust that can be generated by the helicopter. RVHS H2/P2/3 3. (@) (Conservation of momentum (m1) [At] (ii) Max tension when wire is vertical Tomg=mv?/r [M1] T= (8)(9.81) + (8x 4.5") /1.5 = 186 N [At] Hence wire will not break. Tao] (b) (i) (1). efficiency no change as the amount of gravitational Ep gained depends on the ini (which is unchanged) [M1) (2) heighth will be doubled [M1] since g is smallerand mgh ~ constant (unchanged) TAt] (comment: Not aczepted: “al E, comerted to E, hence efficiency = 1", because initial E, is not equal to E, after collision; Ex in this part is referrng to initial E,) 3 Dynamics Page 19 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 36(ii) At] SAJC H2/P3/5 5 (a) _Inany collision, the time that the force acts between bodies must be same. ty Newton's Third Law indcates force on each body is equal and opposite i By Newton's 2" Law /F = dmv/dt, since force and time are the same, total momentum must be conserved in all cdlisions 1) (b) (i) Correct shape (includes almost flat start and end, no sharp Edges, gradient max at middle) u) Graph corresponds to the values i) Velocity 20} 10} 5 (ii) Stopping distance = area under v-t graph and itis symmetrical 10 Us about 10 ms" io} Estimate = 10 ms" x 10 s= 100 m(‘sf) i) (ii) Correct shape, well over halfway at 5s ty horizontal at 10s (1) 3 Dynamics Page 20 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 37(c) (d) 3 Dynamics 100 5 10s (i) Arrow showing the force exerted by Ais to the left t (i) 1. Net Foree= 14 (0.50- 0.30) =2.8N tt) acceleration i 2 E=%kx, hence, E ax? i =278 tl (ii) The resultant foree (on the trolley) is smaller. io (iv) The acceleration decreases because ior the same resultant F force, a=75 io) Ss 132 SiFUxt, t= =gypoeagr #3465 (1) t+ Yat? Sy 44 sin 30°(3.464) - 14(9.31)(3.464)° 1735 m tt Therefore, clearance 17.35 +1-5 134m tw ‘The tailwind will cause the velocity of the bal to increase, hence, the clearance will be higher. i Page 21 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 38SRJC H2/P2/1 3 Dynamics (1) Show thatthe time taten for the stone to hit the coconut is 0.474 s. 1 (u cos 6) t 15c0s 10°t [81] 70.4745 (Wl) Calculate the initial vertical distance of the coconut on the tree fom the ‘ground, x. x= distance of coconut above boy's hand + dstance of coconut from ite initial position at the inetant it shit + 1.6 + 9.2 ia =[(15sin10°}t-S9f]+59t? 1.8 oF et] (1) (81) =3.03 m (ill) In practice, there is air resistance. Explain how the time taken for the stone to reach the maximun height changes as ccmpared to when there is no air resistance. “The net force acting and herce the downward acceeration on the stone when there is air resistance as conpared to ro air resistance is larger. [M1 - accept either net force or acceleraton] OR The stone does work acainst air resistance, causing less of the kinetic ‘energy to become gravitational potential energy and stone to reach a lower maximum height. [Nt] Hence, time taken for vertical velocity to become zero is less than when there }2] is no air resistance. (A1] (State Newton's Second Law. ‘Newton's Second Law states that the rate of change of momentum of a body | directly proportional to the magnitude o' the resultant force acting on it [1], and the change of momentum takes place in the direction of the resultant force.{B1] (il) The intial deceleration is 15 m s“ Show thatthe value of kis0.345. [1] Using Newton's 2° Law Fm = R mg = Ma {must be stated] ik? —mg = ma [m(atg)] / = [0.5(15+931)V6? (BI) 0.345, (i) Show that the terminal velocity ofthe stone is3.77 ms". fo) Terminal velocity occurs when Foe, Page 22 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 39TPJC H2/P2/1 1(a) height = area under triangle %x0.90x 8.8 M1] 3.96 m [A1] (b) The accelerations are equal (A1] 2s they are straight lines with the same gradient IM) (©) The area under graph after rebound is smalle- than aree under graph when the girl falls [M1], hence the gil reaches a lower height after rebound and has lower potential energy at t = 1.35 s [A] (d) change of momentum = t [C1] 50[8.8 -(- 4.4) = x050 [M1] =1.32x10°N [At] TPJC H2/P3/1 Oy Ap! kgm s* (81) If body A exerts a force (action) on body B, ‘hen body B exerts a force of equal magnitude but in the opposite direction on body A. (61) 3 Dynamics Page 23 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 40[At] (iv) Area under the force-time graph equals to the change in momentum, or its impulse Po = APs (eu 1m (We Us) = (Ve Ua) my Vg + NV, = MjUg + Melly = an i) (av) =miv,-1) eee ru (av) =P +l ~2\vlv,Je0s70 mi 5 16-40c0870 M 5 22732 we Yi ‘i av=522ms" wn) 4p =0.84 kg ms" “ ta * Can also solve using somponents along the x8 y directions. Yc _H2/P2/1 + |e] || Typ® ef] Total Momentum | TotalKinetic Energy | Total Energy easton Elaiie =; y y Trehste 7 7 so | | Gomerson of magnetic ptenal energy (wien held dose together ie nets energy Talal momentum Dotorerloany = 0 = Total nornenha aa Soon Since foals zem the two mianets move in opposite directions each with same smaanitude of momentum. 3 Dynamics, Page 24 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 41© velocty Fig. 1.2 ‘Shape of graph starting at —u Graph's final velocity < +u Closest separaton : intersection point of both graphs, with label 3 Dynamics Page 25 of 25 sgfreepapers.com 4?