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Vikas Kumar Verma Enrol - No.-11519016. M.Tech. (1 Sem.) Environmental Engg
Vikas Kumar Verma Enrol - No.-11519016. M.Tech. (1 Sem.) Environmental Engg
septic tank
tre atme nt
Inspection opening Access opening near side wall at Inspection opening 150
150 mm diameter least 600 mm diameter mm diameter
Inlet At least 25 mm
20% of Outlet
Liquid level Liquid depth Water line
At least 75 mm
Scum
20% of Liquid depth
(150 mm, minimum) 40% of
40% of
Scum clear space Liquid depth
Liquid depth
Liquid depth
Sludge
Sludge
Reinforced concrete
Fiberglass-reinforced plastic
(FRP)
Polyethylene/Poly-propylene
Tank Functions
Solids removal by settling & floatation
60-80% solids removal
Anaerobic digestion
Storage of solids
Factors that Influence Anaerobic
Digestion
pH
Teperature
Chemicals
Highly variable flow patterns
Pharmaceuticals and personal care products
(PPCPs)
Process wastewaters
Lack of tank maintenance
What Happens in the Tank
IN OUT
SCUM
SLUDGE
Anaerobic Digestion
Grease 102 21 79
(mg/L)
Computer program for septic tank
#include<stdio.h>
#include<conio.h>
#include<math.h>
Void main ()
{
Clrscr ();
Double population, per capita rate, detention time, quantity
of sewage, rate of deposition, period of cleaning, volume of
sludge, capacity, depth, surface area, width, length
Print f (“enter population”);
Scan f (“%f”, & “ population”);
Print f (“enter per capita rate”,);
Scan f (“%f”, & “per capita rate”);
Quantity of sewage=0.8*per capita rate*population
Print f (“enter rate of deposition”);
Scan f (“%f”, & “ rate of deposition”);
Print f (“enter period of cleaning”);
Scan f (“%f”, & “period of cleaning”);
Volume of sludge= (rate of deposition*period of
cleaning)/1000
Capacity=quantity of sewage+ volume of sludge
Print f (“enter depth”);
Scan f (“%f”, & “depth”);
Surface area= volume of sludge/depth
Width=power (surface area/3), 0.5);
Print f (“width=%d”, b);
Length=3*width
Print f (“length=%d”, l);
getch ();
OUTPUT
Enter population= 120
Enter per capita rate= 150
Enter rate of deposition= 30
Enter depth of tank= 1.5m
Width= 2.1m
Length= 6m
Role of the septic tank
Anaerobic fermentation of solids
Reduce the load of pathogens in the effluent
Hold the effluent for 2-3 days for improved safety
Retain solid material to prevent blockage of
further disposal system
Advantage
1. It can be easily Disadvantage
constructed. 1. Its size should be
2. No maintenance very large to serve
problem. many people.
3. It excellently 2. Smell problem
remove BOD. 3. It needs periodic
4.Very less amount cleaning.
of solids are
produced.
5. Low cost
Some things which can be done to prolong
the life of a Septic System:
Pump out the accumulated solids from the
Septic Tank regularly (check it every 3 years,
and typically pump it every 5-7 years).
Don’t overload it (minimize water usage).
Don’t put things which don’t readily
decompose into a Septic System (grease,
cooking oils, sanitary napkins, chemicals,
etc).
Don’t drive on it, or build over it.
Failures of a Septic System
1.Failure by surfacing
Failing Septic Systems often
show up as a wet or mushy area
above the drainfield (often
because the drainfield can no
longer absorb the effluent).
Ways to spot a failing septic
system
Failing septic
systems can often
be spotted from
the road.
Nutrients from
effluent often
cause the “grass
to grow greener”.
Anaerobic digestion process is widely used for the treatment
of biodegradable organic waste.
Anaerobic digester depends upon different empirical rules.
Mathematical models are very helpful in the better
understanding anaerobic digester . By analyzing theses
models we can also apply computer technique on anaerobic
digesters.
The anaerobic digester is conceived as an input-output
model with organic waste as input and carbon dioxide and
methane production per unit weight of substrate as output.
The output is a function of the following state variables-
1. Linear equation
A typical output y is related to the input and state variables by
the following linear equation-
Y=a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+a4x4+a5x5+a6x6 ……. (3)
In which a1’s are unknown constants to be determined in such
manner that there is a good agreement with the data. The error
ϵi in the ith data van be written as-
ϵi= yi-( a1x1+a2x2+a3x3+a4x4+a5x5+a6x6) ….. (4)
in which yi is the ith observed output.
Squaring ϵi (all the errors become positive) and summing one
gets:
E=Σ(yi- Σaj xji)2 (5)
For minimizing E, we have dE/daj=0; for j= 1, 2,3…….6
using equation (5) and (6) one gets
2 (Σyi- Σaj xji) xk =0…. (7)
Simplifying equation (7); one gets
Σaj Σxji xki= Σyi xki ; for k= 1, 2, 3…….6 …. (8)
Equation (8) is a system of linear simultaneous equation in aj
which can be solved using standard procedure.
2. Non linear Equation
Septic tank is widely used in waste water treatment. This method has
several significant advantages like very less by-products low energy,
low space requirement and highly efficient.
In septic tank, the treatment process is anaerobic present and due to
modeling of anaerobic system and the analysis of anaerobic
treatment has become simple.
By model analysis we can also write the several computer programs
for given input and parameter at different time.