7.

Ionic Equilibria Solutions

Answers to MCQs:

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10
A C D A C D C A C B
Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20
D D B C B C A B A B

Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25 Q26 Q27 Q28 Q29 Q30
C B D D C D D B A D
Q31 Q32 Q33 Q34 Q35 Q36 Q37 Q38 Q39
B B C D B B A D D

Answers to Structured and Essay Questions

1 CH4 accepts a proton/H+ from HF-SbF5.
2
(i) Brønsted base : ClO−; Conjugate acid: HClO
(ii) Addition of H+:
H+ + CH3(CH2)3CO2−  CH3(CH2)3CO2H
The small amount of H+ added reacts with the large reservoir of CH 3(CH2)3CO2− and
the pH remains relatively constant.
Addition of OH−:
OH− + CH3(CH2)3CO2H  CH3(CH2)3CO2− + H2O
The small amount of OH− added reacts with the large reservoir of CH3(CH2)3CO2H and
the pH remains relatively constant.

3
(a)
(i) water: HClO4 + H2O  H3O+ + ClO4-
ethanoic acid: CH3COOH + HClO4  CH3COOH2+ + ClO4-
(ii) H3PO4 < H2SO4 < HClO4.
Since HClO4 requires the smallest number of drops to produce sufficient ions to
allow the bulb to light up, it ionises more extensively in ethanoic acid and is
therefore a stronger acid. (followed by H2SO4 and H3PO4)
(iii) H2O is stronger base as it accepts proton more readily (causes complete dissociation
of all the acids) than CH3COOH (causes only partial dissociation of all the acids).
(b)
(i) False. As temperature increases, pH decreases due to an increase in [H +]. Applying
Le Chatelier’s principle, an increase in temperature will shift the position of
equilibrium to absorb heat energy. Hence the dissociation of water is endothermic.
(ii) False. Above 25C, though the pH is less than 7, but the [H +] = [OH-] hence water is
still neutral.
(c)
(i) Given : pH at 62C = 6.54 (ii) pH = - log(2.98 x 10-7) = 6.53
Therefore [H+] = [OH-] =2.88 x 10-7 mol dm-3
4
(a)
60

50

40
Temperature /oC

30

20

10

0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-14 2 -6
Kw /10 mol dm

(i) From the graph, Kw = 1.0 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6 (accept 0.9 to 1.1 x 10-14)
Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 => [H+] = (1.0 x 10-14)1/2 => pH = – lg (1.0 x 10-7) = 7
(ii) Dissociation of water is endothermic as an increase in temperature favours the
dissociation of water.
(iii) Kw = [D+][OD-] = 9.8 x 10-16 => [D+] = (9.8 x 10-16)1/2 => pD = – lg (3.13 x 10-8) = 7.5

(iv) pOD = pKb + lg [salt]/[base] = 4.96 + lg (0.30/0.10) = 5.44

pD = – lg (9.8 x 10-16) – 5.44 = 9.56
(b) (i) Ksp = [Ca2+][C2O42-]
(i) Ionic product = [Ca2+][C2O42-] = (0.01/2)(0.002/2) = 5 x 10-6 mol2 dm-6
Since Ionic product > Ksp, ppt is formed.

5 (i) [H+] = 2.00 x 10-3 mol dm-3 (ii) [acid C] = 0.15 mol dm-3
(iii) Acid C is a weak acid, as the results show that the acid is only partially ionized.
(iv) (weak acid-strong base titration ) – phenolphthalein

6 (i) pH = 0.55 => [H+] = 10-0.55 = 0.2818 mol dm-3

Concentration of HCl = 0.282 mol dm-3
(ii) HCl is a strong acid which dissociates completely in water (or show eqn)
HCl  H+ + Cl-
However, CH3COOH is a weak acid which dissociates partially in water (or show
equation). Hence, the concentration of [H+] from CH3COOH is different and the pH will
not be the same.
CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO- + H+
25
(iii) Amount of acid used = vol x conc = ×0.2818 = 7.045 x 10-3= 7.05 x 10-3 mol
1000
7.045  10 3
(iv) Concentration of base used = ×1000 = 0.40257 mol dm-3
17.50
[OH-] = 0.40257 pOH = -log (0.40257) = 0.39515
pH = 14 – pOH = 14 – 0.39515 =13.60

(v) Titration 1 is between strong acid and strong base, any indicator can be used.
However, for Titration 2, it is a reaction between weak acid and strong base.

Ionic Eqm Revision Package (complied by CJC) Page 1

 Hence, the end point is > 7 , methyl orange cannot be used as the end point range is
between 3.1-5.
7
(a) 8.0 to 9.4; low [H+] thus small addition of OH– has great effect / OH– increases rapidly
as NaOH is a strong base / logarithmic nature of pH.
(b) volume of NaOH = 8.1 cm3 (exact);
8.1 0.00081
amount of NaOH; × 0.1 = 0.00081 mol; [HA] = 0.081 mol dm–3 / 0.081 M
1000 0.010
(c) correct pH reading from graph (2.9) (allow 2.8 or 3.0); thus [H+] = 1.26 × 10–3 mol dm–3
(1.26  10 3 )(1.26  10 3 )
Ka = = 1.93 × 10–5 (mol dm–3); pKa = 4.71
0.082

8
(i) A weak acid is one which partially dissociates in solution to give protons, H+.
(ii) HOCl (aq) + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + ClO- (aq)
Acid base conjugate acid conjugate base
   
[ H 3O ][ClO ] [ H ][ClO ]
(iii) Ka = =
[ HOCl ] [ HOCl ]
25
No. of mol of HOCl = x0.0935 = 2.3375 x 10-3 mol
1000
No. of mol of NaOH = 2.3375 x 10-3 mol
2.3375 x10 3
Concentration of NaOH = 23.375 = 0.100 mol dm-3
1000
(iv) Methyl orange is not a suitable indicator as its pH transition range (3.2 – 4.4) does
not lie within the rapid pH change ( 7 – 11) over the equivalence point.
Suitable indicator: Phenolphthalein
Reason: pH transition range of phenolphthalein (8.0 – 9.8) lie within the rapid pH change
( 7 – 11) over the equivalence point
(v) A buffer solution is one which is capable of maintaining a fairly constant pH (by
resisting pH change) when a small amount of H+ or OH- are added to it.
HOCl (aq) H+ (aq) + OCl- (aq)
NaOCl (aq)  Na+ (aq) + OCl- (aq)
When a small amount of acid, H+ is added:
Eqn: OCl- (aq) + H+ (aq)  HOCl (aq)
The added H+ is removed as HOCl (aq).
Hence pH remains fairly constant.
When a small amount of base, OH- is added:
Eqn: HOCl (aq) + OH- (aq)  OCl- (aq) + H2O (l)
The added OH- is removed as OCl- (aq) and H2O (l).
Hence pH remains fairly constant.

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9
(i) NH2OH + H2O ⇌ NH3OH+ + OH- Since [OH-] > [H3O+] solution at the end point is basic
[ NH 3OH  ][OH  ] ( x)( x)
(ii) Kb = 1.10 x 10-8 = x = 2.00 x 10-5 mol dm-3
[ NH 2 OH ] (0.03654  x)
(iii) Hence pH = 14 – pOH = 9.30
(iv) Maximum buffer capacity occurs at half equivalence point pH = 6.04
(v) NH2OH + HCl  NH3OH+Cl or H+ + NH2OH  NH3OH+
(vi)

10
(i) [CH3NH2] = 0.100 mol dm-3 (ii) pH = 11.8 (iii) pH = 10.6
(iv)

(v) Suitable indicator: methyl orange, screened methyl orange or bromothymol blue

Ionic Eqm Revision Package (complied by CJC) Page 3

11
(a)
(i) Let [OH-] at eqm be x mol dm-3
Mor (aq) + H2O (l) MorH+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
Initial [ ]: 0.30 0 0
 in [ ]: -x +x +x
Eqm [ ]: 0.30 – x +x +x
[OH  ][ MorH  ]
Kb 
[ Mor ]
Assume that x is so small that 0.30 – x ≈ 0.30
K x2
Kb  w 
K a 0 .3
1x1014 x2

2.09 x1012 0.3
x = [OH-] = 0.037887 mol dm-3
pOH = -log10(0.037883) = 1.42 => pH = 14 – 1.42 = 12.6
(ii) Mor (aq) + HCl (aq)  salt (aq) + H2O (l)
No. of mol of salt formed = No. of mol of morphine solution
30
= x0.30 = 9 x 10-3 mol
1000

9 x103
Volume of HCl added = = 0.045 dm3
0.20

no of mol 9 x103
Concentration of salt = =
total vol (0.045  0.030)

= 0.120 mol dm-3

+
(iii) At equivalence point, salt (MorH ) undergoes hydrolysis.
MorH+ (aq) Mor (aq) + H+ (aq)
Since [H ] > [OH-]
+
pH at end-point is acidic at pH < 7

[ H  ][ Mor ]
Ka 
[ MorH  ]
[ H  ]2
-12
2.09x10 =
0.12
[H+] = 5.01 x 10-7 mol dm-3
pH = -log10(5.09 x 10-7) = 6.30
(b) At maximum buffering capacity,
[weak base]  [salt of conjugate acid]
pOH = pKb
pOH = pKb = 4.74
pH of buffer = 14 – 4.74 = 9.26
[NH4+] = [NH3] = 0.1 mol dm-3

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 25
No. of mol of NH4+ = 0.1 X = 2.50 x 10-3 mol
1000
Mass of NH4NO3 to be added = 2.50 x 10-3 X 80.0 = 0.200 g
12
(a)(i) H2CO3 + NaOH  NaHCO3 + H2O
1st end-pt
n(NaOH) = 0.0010 mol ≡ n(H2CO3)
Hence [H2CO3] = 0.0010 ÷ (10/1000) = 0.100 mol dm-3
2nd end-pt NaHCO3 + NaOH  Na2CO3 + H2O
n(NaOH) for = 0.003 mol ≡ n(HCO3-)
Hence n(HCO3-) initially = 0.003 – 0.001 = 0.0050 mol
∴[ HCO3-] = 0.002 ÷ (10/1000) = 0.200 mol dm-3
(ii) [H+] = 10-pH = 10-3.9 = 1.26 x 10-4 mol dm-3
Ka = [H+][HCO3-] / [H2CO3] = (1.26 x 10-4)(0.200/0.100) = 2.52 x 10-4 mol dm-3
(b) H2CO3 + OH- HCO3- + H2O
[NaOH] added = 0.80 / 40 = 0.02 mol dm-3
[NaHCO3]new = 0.200 + 0.02 = 0.22 mol dm-3
[H2CO3]new = 0.100 – 0.02 = 0.08 mol dm-3
pH = pKa + lg [HCO3-]new/[H2CO3]new = -lg (4.5 x 10-7) + lg (0.22/0.08) = 6.79

13
(a) (i) The pH value of 2.2 represents the maximum buffer capacity.
(a) (ii) pH = 1.65
(a) (iii) NaH2PO4.
(b) (i) H2PO4- + OH- → HPO4- + H2O
(b) (ii) Mass of NaOH = 0.366 grams
(c) The NH3 gas that is formed dissolves in the water present in soil to give OH - ions,
thus increasing the soil pH temporarily.
Over time, the NH3 gas escapes and NH4H2PO4 dissociates to give NH4+ and H2PO4-,
which will hydrolyse in water to give H 3O+, therefore the soil becomes more acidic
than before.

14
(i) Addition of H+ : HCO3– + H+  H2CO3
Addition of OH– : H2CO3 + OH–  HCO3– + H2O
With a large reservoir of H 2CO3 and HCO3– present, since the amount of H + and OH–
added is small, there will be insignificant changes in [H 2CO3] and [HCO3–]. Hence pH
is maintained.
(ii) Ka = [HCO3–][H+]/[H2CO3] = 7.94 x 10–7
[HCO3–] / [H2CO3] = 19.95 (or ratio is 20:1)
(iii) [HCO3–] / [H2CO3] = 19.95
[HCO3–] = 19.95 x ( 0.05) = 0.9975 mol dm–3
No. of moles of HCO3– = 0.9975 x 2.0 = 1.995 mol (or [HCO3–]new)
No. of moles of H2CO3 = 0.05 x 2.0 = 0.100 mol (or [H2CO3]new)
{[H+] (1.995 - 0.03) / 2.0} / {(0.100 + 0.03) / 2.0}= 7.94 x 10 –7
[H+] = 5.255 x 10–8 mol dm–3 New pH = 7.28

15 (a) A buffer solution is able to maintain a fairly constant pH with the addition of
small amounts of acid or alkali.
b(i) HCO3 (aq) + H+ (aq) H2CO3 (aq)
 +
or HCO3 (aq) + H (aq) CO2 (aq) + H2O (l)

b(ii) CO2 (aq) + OH (aq) HCO3 (aq)

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16 (i) solubility of MgCO3 = 7.12 x 10-3 mol dm-3
(ii) minimum concentration of CO32- ≥ 5.07 x 10-3 mol dm-3 and mass of sodium
carbonate added = 0.537 g

17 (i) Product of ions raised to appropriate powers for a saturated solution.

(ii) BaCO3 dissolve in acidic medium in the digestive tract to give toxic Ba 2+ but
BaSO4 is insoluble in acidic medium.

18 Let the minimum [ KOH ] = x mol dm-3

(0.20 / 2) ( x / 2 )2 = 3.97 x 10-6 => x = 0.0126 mol dm-3

19(a) (i) Pb2+(aq) + CrO42- (aq)  PbCrO4 (s)

(ii) Ksp = [Pb2+][CrO42-]
(iii) Let the solubility be x.

PbCrO4 (s) Pb2+(aq) + CrO42-

Initial x 0 0
Change -x +x +x
Eqm 0 x x

Ksp = [Pb2+][CrO42-] = x2 = 1.69 x 10-14

x = 1.30 x 10-7 mol dm-3

(iv) Let concentration be y.

Ionic product = Ksp = y x 0.01 = 1.69 x 10-14
y = 1.69 x 10-12 mol dm-3

(b) Let the solubilities of PbSO4 and SrSO4 be a and b respectively.

PbSO4 (s) Pb2+(aq) + SO42-
Initial a 0 0
Change -a +a +a
Eqm 0 a a

SrSO4 (s) Sr2+(aq) + SO42-

Initial b 0 0
Change -b +b +b
m
Eq 0 b b
Hence, [SO42-] = a + b, [Pb2+] + [Sr2+] = a + b = [SO42-]
Ksp of PbSO4 = [Pb2+][SO42-]
Ksp of SrSO4 = [Sr2+][SO42-]
Ksp of PbSO4 + Ksp of SrSO4 = [Pb2+][SO42-] + [Sr2+][SO42-]
= [SO42-] ([Pb2] + [Sr2+]) = [SO42-]2
Therefore, [SO4 ] = 6.3 x 10-7 + 3.2 x 10-7 = 9.5 x 10-7
2- 2

[SO42-] = 9.7 x 10-4 mol dm-3

[Pb2+] = Ksp of PbSO4 / [SO42-] = 6.3 x 10-7 / 9.7 x 10-4 mol dm-3 = 6.49 x 10-4 mol dm-3
[Pb2+] = Ksp of SrSO4 / [SO42-] = 3.2 x 10-7 / 9.7 x 10-4 mol dm-3 = 3.30 x 10-4 mol dm-3
20 (i) [Ba2+] = 0.05 mol dm-3
[Ba ][CO3 ]min1 = 2 x 10-9
2+ 2-

where [CO32-]min1 is the minimum [ ] before BaCO3 precipitates

⇒ [CO32-]min1 = 4 x 10-8 mol dm-3
[Mg2+] = 0.05 mol dm-3

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[Mg2+][CO32-]min2 = 2 x 10-5
where [CO32-]min2 is the minimum [ ] before MgCO3 precipitates
⇒ [CO32-]min2 = 4 x 10-4 mol dm-3
Since the minimum [CO32-] for BaCO3 is lower than for MgCO3, BaCO3 is precipitated before
MgCO3.
(ii) In order to precipitate the max. amt of BaCO3,
[CO32-] in the solution must be so such that I.P. (MgCO 3) cannot exceed its Ksp so that
MgCO3 does not ppt.
hence [CO32-] = [CO32-]min2 = 4 x 10-4 mol dm-3
Amount of CO32- in solution = 4 x 10-4 x 1000/50 = 2 x 10-5 mol
[Ba2+] (4 x 10-4) = 2 x 10-9
[Ba2+] in solution = 5 x 10-6 mol dm-3
Amount of CO32- ppt as BaCO3 = (0.05 – 5 x 10-6) x 1000/50 = 2.49975 x 10-3 mol
Total amount of CO32- to be added = 2 x 10-5 + 2.49975 x 10-3 = 2.52 x 10-3 mol
No. of drops of CO32- to be added = n
n (2.50)(1000/1.0) = 2.52 x 10-3
n = 10 drops

21(i) Ksp = [Ag+] [ Cl−] = 1.8 x 10−10

(s + 5.9 x 10−3)(s) = 1.8 x 10−10
Assume s << 5.9 x 10−3,
s = 3.05 x 10−8 mol dm−3
Mass = (3.05 x 10−8)(0.250) x (108 + 35.5) = 1.09 x 10−6 g
(ii) AgCl (s) ⇌ Ag+(aq) + Cl– (aq)
Ag+(aq) from AgNO3 caused the above equilibrium to shift to the left and thus suppresses the
solubility of AgCl due to common ion effect.
(iii) AgCl (s) ⇌ Ag+(aq) + Cl– (aq)
S2O32– forms a complex with Ag +. This decreases [Ag+], and hence, shifts the above
equilibrium to the right, which causes more AgCl to dissolve.

22 (ii) Solubility will decrease due to common ion effect. F - ions from KF solution will
suppress the dissociation of BaF2.
(iii) [Ba2+] [F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6 where [Ba2+] = 0.05 mol dm-3
[F-]= 1.7 x 10-6 / 0.05 = 5.8 x 10-3 mol dm-3
(iv) [Ba2+]remaining = 0.05 mol dm-3 (no change since no pptn of BaF2)
[Ca2+]remaining = 3.9 x 10-11 / (5.8 x 10-3) = 1.1 x 10-6 mol dm-3
23 % precipitated = (1 – 0.6407) / 1 x 100 = 35.9 %

24 Mg(OH)2 (s) Mg2+(aq) + 2(OH)-(aq)

(i) Ksp = [Mg2+(aq)] [(OH)-(aq)]2
(ii) Well-limed soil, pH=9.25, pOH= 4.75, [(OH)-(aq)] =1.78x10-5 mol/dm3
[Mg2+(aq)] = 1.8 x10-12 / (1.78x10-5 )2 = 5.68x10-3 mol dm-3
(iii) Peat-based soil, pH=6.55, pOH= 7.45, [(OH)-(aq)] =3.55x10-8 mol/dm3
[Mg2+(aq)] = 1.8 x10-12 / (3.55x10-8)2 = 1.43x103 mol dm-3
(iv) peat-based soil due to higher magnesium ion concentration.

25 (i) Ca3(PO4)2 (s) ⇌ 3Ca (aq) + 2PO4 (aq) ……………… (1)

2+ 3-

Ksp = (3 x 2.57 x 10 ) (2 x 2.57 x 10 ) = 1.21 x 10 mol dm

-6 3 -6 2 -26 5 -15

(ii) [OH ] = 10 = 0.100 mol dm

- -1 -3

[Ca ][OH ] = 4.0 x 10

2+ - 2 -5
=> [Ca ](0.100) = 4.0 x 10 2+ 2 -5

=> [Ca ] = 0.00400 mol dm

2+ -3

[Ca ] [PO4 ] = 1.21 x 10

2+ 3 3- 2
=> 0.004 [PO4 ] = 1.21 x 10
-26 3 3- 2 -26

[PO4 ] = 4.35 x 10 mol dm

3- -10 -3

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 (iii) Solubility = ½ (4.35 x 10 ) = 2.18 x 10 mol dm
-10 -10 -3

Solubility of calcium phosphate in solution A is lower. Presence of common

ion, Ca , shifts position of equilibrium (1) above to the left by Le Chatelier’s
2+

Principle.
(iv) H reacts with PO4 to form the weakly dissociated acid, H3PO4.
+ 3-

3H + PO4  H3PO4
+ 3-

PO4 is removed from solution, position of equilibrium (1) shifts to the right,
3-

thus increasing solubility.

26 (a) At the beginning of the titration: white ppt (in green/blue solution)
At the end point: red ppt
(b) Method 1: When all AgCl is precipitated, [Ag+] = 1.42 x 10-5 mol dm-3
At this point, [Ag+]2[CrO42-] = (1.42 x 10-5)2 x 0.01 = 2.02 x 10-12 which is just less
than Ksp for Ag2CrO4 (3.01 x 10-12)

Method 2:

[Ag+] when Ag2CrO4 starts to precipitate = = 1.73 x 10-5 mol dm-3

[Cl-] when Ag2CrO4 starts to precipitate = = 1.16 × 10-5 mol dm-3

This value is very small, hence most of the AgCl would have been precipitated
out by the time Ag2CrO4 starts to precipitate out.

27 (a)(i) pH = -log10 [H+] = -log10 K a c = -log10 (6.46 x 10-5 x 0.100) = 2.59

(ii) Kb = Kw / Ka = 1 x 10-14 / 6.46 x 10-5 = 1.55 x 10-10 moldm-3
pOH = -log10 [OH]
= -log10 K b c
= -log10 (1.55 x 10-10 x 0.0500)
= 5.56
pH = 14 – 5.56 = 8.44
(iii) Maximum buffering capacity occurs at 10.0 cm 3 of NaOH, and the
pH = pKa = 4.19 . Final pH = pH of NaOH solution = 14 – ( -log 10 0.100) = 13

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 pH
13

8.44

4.19

2.59

0 10 20 Volume of NaOH
added / cm3

(b)(i) Ksp = [Fe3+] [C6H5CO2-] 3

(ii) Number of moles of Fe(C6H5CO2)3 = 0.0532 / 418.8 = 1.27 x 10-4 mol
C6H5CO2- ≡ C6H5CO2H
Number of moles of benzoic acid reacted = 3 x 1.27 x 10 -4 = 3.81 x 10-4 mol
(iii) [H+] = 10-2.33 = 4.68 x 10-3 moldm-3
Number of moles of H+ = 0.100 x 4.68 x 10-3 = 4.68 x 10-4 mol
(iv) Since the H+ comes from both dissociation of benzoic acid and reaction of benzoic
acid with iron (III) chloride,
Number of moles of benzoate in solution = 4.68 x 10 -4 - 3.81 x 10-4 = 8.70 x 10-5 mol
Concentration of benzoate in solution = 8.70 x 10-4 moldm-3
(v) Ksp = [Fe3+] [C6H5CO2-]3 = (1.83 x 10-3) (8.70 x 10-4)3 = 1.21 x 10-12 mol4 dm-12
28 (a) From the graph, 0.011 moles of squaric acid reacts with 0.022 moles of NaOH
solution.
Thus 1 mole of squaric acid contains 2 acidic hydrogen atoms

(b)(i) From the above equilibrium:

[ H  ]eq [ In  ]eq
KIn =
[ HIn]eq
(ii) pH range for indicator = - log KIn  1
Bromocresol green : 3.82 –5.82
Cresol red : 6.77 – 8.77
Most suitable indicator is Cresol red.
(c) No of moles of NaOH = (26.50 x 10-3) (3.00 x10-2) = 7.95 x 10-4 mol
From the equation given:
Pb2+ (aq)  2H+(aq)
[Pb (aq)] = (7.95 x 10-4 / 2 ) / 25 x 10-3 = 0.0159 mol dm-3
2+

[Cl-] = 0.0159 x 2 = 0.0318 mol dm-3

Therefore Ksp = (0.0159)(0.0318)2 = 1.61 x 10-5 mol3dm-9

29

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(i) 0.0177 mol dm-3 (ii) 2.27 g (iii) [Ca2+] = [C2O42-] = 2.50 x 10-3 mol
-3
dm
(iv) Ksp = [Ca2+][C2O42-] (v) 6.25 x 10-6 mol2 dm-6
(vi) CaC2O4 (s) (P) ⇌ Ca2+(aq) + C2O42-(aq) (I)
C2O4 (aq) + H2O (l) ⇌ HC2O4 (aq) + OH (aq) (II)
2- - -

C2O42- being a conjugate base of the weak acid HC 2O4- (and HC2O4- itself is a conjugate
base of H2C2O4), undergoes hydrolysis with water to produce OH -, as according to (II).
On addition of H+, OH- is removed, thus equilibrium position of (II) shifts to right, and
[C2O42-] decreases. Thus equilibrium position of (I) shifts to right, and P dissolves.
When sufficient H+ is added, all P can dissolve.

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