Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Answers to MCQs:
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 Q10
A C D A C D C A C B
Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20
D D B C B C A B A B
Q21 Q22 Q23 Q24 Q25 Q26 Q27 Q28 Q29 Q30
C B D D C D D B A D
Q31 Q32 Q33 Q34 Q35 Q36 Q37 Q38 Q39
B B C D B B A D D
3
(a)
(i) water: HClO4 + H2O H3O+ + ClO4-
ethanoic acid: CH3COOH + HClO4 CH3COOH2+ + ClO4-
(ii) H3PO4 < H2SO4 < HClO4.
Since HClO4 requires the smallest number of drops to produce sufficient ions to
allow the bulb to light up, it ionises more extensively in ethanoic acid and is
therefore a stronger acid. (followed by H2SO4 and H3PO4)
(iii) H2O is stronger base as it accepts proton more readily (causes complete dissociation
of all the acids) than CH3COOH (causes only partial dissociation of all the acids).
(b)
(i) False. As temperature increases, pH decreases due to an increase in [H +]. Applying
Le Chatelier’s principle, an increase in temperature will shift the position of
equilibrium to absorb heat energy. Hence the dissociation of water is endothermic.
(ii) False. Above 25C, though the pH is less than 7, but the [H +] = [OH-] hence water is
still neutral.
(c)
(i) Given : pH at 62C = 6.54 (ii) pH = - log(2.98 x 10-7) = 6.53
Therefore [H+] = [OH-] =2.88 x 10-7 mol dm-3
4
(a)
60
50
40
Temperature /oC
30
20
10
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
-14 2 -6
Kw /10 mol dm
(i) From the graph, Kw = 1.0 x 10-14 mol2 dm-6 (accept 0.9 to 1.1 x 10-14)
Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 => [H+] = (1.0 x 10-14)1/2 => pH = – lg (1.0 x 10-7) = 7
(ii) Dissociation of water is endothermic as an increase in temperature favours the
dissociation of water.
(iii) Kw = [D+][OD-] = 9.8 x 10-16 => [D+] = (9.8 x 10-16)1/2 => pD = – lg (3.13 x 10-8) = 7.5
5 (i) [H+] = 2.00 x 10-3 mol dm-3 (ii) [acid C] = 0.15 mol dm-3
(iii) Acid C is a weak acid, as the results show that the acid is only partially ionized.
(iv) (weak acid-strong base titration ) – phenolphthalein
(v) Titration 1 is between strong acid and strong base, any indicator can be used.
However, for Titration 2, it is a reaction between weak acid and strong base.
8
(i) A weak acid is one which partially dissociates in solution to give protons, H+.
(ii) HOCl (aq) + H2O (l) H3O+ (aq) + ClO- (aq)
Acid base conjugate acid conjugate base
[ H 3O ][ClO ] [ H ][ClO ]
(iii) Ka = =
[ HOCl ] [ HOCl ]
25
No. of mol of HOCl = x0.0935 = 2.3375 x 10-3 mol
1000
No. of mol of NaOH = 2.3375 x 10-3 mol
2.3375 x10 3
Concentration of NaOH = 23.375 = 0.100 mol dm-3
1000
(iv) Methyl orange is not a suitable indicator as its pH transition range (3.2 – 4.4) does
not lie within the rapid pH change ( 7 – 11) over the equivalence point.
Suitable indicator: Phenolphthalein
Reason: pH transition range of phenolphthalein (8.0 – 9.8) lie within the rapid pH change
( 7 – 11) over the equivalence point
(v) A buffer solution is one which is capable of maintaining a fairly constant pH (by
resisting pH change) when a small amount of H+ or OH- are added to it.
HOCl (aq) H+ (aq) + OCl- (aq)
NaOCl (aq) Na+ (aq) + OCl- (aq)
When a small amount of acid, H+ is added:
Eqn: OCl- (aq) + H+ (aq) HOCl (aq)
The added H+ is removed as HOCl (aq).
Hence pH remains fairly constant.
When a small amount of base, OH- is added:
Eqn: HOCl (aq) + OH- (aq) OCl- (aq) + H2O (l)
The added OH- is removed as OCl- (aq) and H2O (l).
Hence pH remains fairly constant.
10
(i) [CH3NH2] = 0.100 mol dm-3 (ii) pH = 11.8 (iii) pH = 10.6
(iv)
(v) Suitable indicator: methyl orange, screened methyl orange or bromothymol blue
9 x103
Volume of HCl added = = 0.045 dm3
0.20
no of mol 9 x103
Concentration of salt = =
total vol (0.045 0.030)
[ H ][ Mor ]
Ka
[ MorH ]
[ H ]2
-12
2.09x10 =
0.12
[H+] = 5.01 x 10-7 mol dm-3
pH = -log10(5.09 x 10-7) = 6.30
(b) At maximum buffering capacity,
[weak base] [salt of conjugate acid]
pOH = pKb
pOH = pKb = 4.74
pH of buffer = 14 – 4.74 = 9.26
[NH4+] = [NH3] = 0.1 mol dm-3
13
(a) (i) The pH value of 2.2 represents the maximum buffer capacity.
(a) (ii) pH = 1.65
(a) (iii) NaH2PO4.
(b) (i) H2PO4- + OH- → HPO4- + H2O
(b) (ii) Mass of NaOH = 0.366 grams
(c) The NH3 gas that is formed dissolves in the water present in soil to give OH - ions,
thus increasing the soil pH temporarily.
Over time, the NH3 gas escapes and NH4H2PO4 dissociates to give NH4+ and H2PO4-,
which will hydrolyse in water to give H 3O+, therefore the soil becomes more acidic
than before.
14
(i) Addition of H+ : HCO3– + H+ H2CO3
Addition of OH– : H2CO3 + OH– HCO3– + H2O
With a large reservoir of H 2CO3 and HCO3– present, since the amount of H + and OH–
added is small, there will be insignificant changes in [H 2CO3] and [HCO3–]. Hence pH
is maintained.
(ii) Ka = [HCO3–][H+]/[H2CO3] = 7.94 x 10–7
[HCO3–] / [H2CO3] = 19.95 (or ratio is 20:1)
(iii) [HCO3–] / [H2CO3] = 19.95
[HCO3–] = 19.95 x ( 0.05) = 0.9975 mol dm–3
No. of moles of HCO3– = 0.9975 x 2.0 = 1.995 mol (or [HCO3–]new)
No. of moles of H2CO3 = 0.05 x 2.0 = 0.100 mol (or [H2CO3]new)
{[H+] (1.995 - 0.03) / 2.0} / {(0.100 + 0.03) / 2.0}= 7.94 x 10 –7
[H+] = 5.255 x 10–8 mol dm–3 New pH = 7.28
15 (a) A buffer solution is able to maintain a fairly constant pH with the addition of
small amounts of acid or alkali.
b(i) HCO3 (aq) + H+ (aq) H2CO3 (aq)
+
or HCO3 (aq) + H (aq) CO2 (aq) + H2O (l)
b(ii) CO2 (aq) + OH (aq) HCO3 (aq)
22 (ii) Solubility will decrease due to common ion effect. F - ions from KF solution will
suppress the dissociation of BaF2.
(iii) [Ba2+] [F-]2 = 1.7 x 10-6 where [Ba2+] = 0.05 mol dm-3
[F-]= 1.7 x 10-6 / 0.05 = 5.8 x 10-3 mol dm-3
(iv) [Ba2+]remaining = 0.05 mol dm-3 (no change since no pptn of BaF2)
[Ca2+]remaining = 3.9 x 10-11 / (5.8 x 10-3) = 1.1 x 10-6 mol dm-3
23 % precipitated = (1 – 0.6407) / 1 x 100 = 35.9 %
Principle.
(iv) H reacts with PO4 to form the weakly dissociated acid, H3PO4.
+ 3-
3H + PO4 H3PO4
+ 3-
PO4 is removed from solution, position of equilibrium (1) shifts to the right,
3-
26 (a) At the beginning of the titration: white ppt (in green/blue solution)
At the end point: red ppt
(b) Method 1: When all AgCl is precipitated, [Ag+] = 1.42 x 10-5 mol dm-3
At this point, [Ag+]2[CrO42-] = (1.42 x 10-5)2 x 0.01 = 2.02 x 10-12 which is just less
than Ksp for Ag2CrO4 (3.01 x 10-12)
Method 2:
8.44
4.19
2.59
0 10 20 Volume of NaOH
added / cm3
29
C2O42- being a conjugate base of the weak acid HC 2O4- (and HC2O4- itself is a conjugate
base of H2C2O4), undergoes hydrolysis with water to produce OH -, as according to (II).
On addition of H+, OH- is removed, thus equilibrium position of (II) shifts to right, and
[C2O42-] decreases. Thus equilibrium position of (I) shifts to right, and P dissolves.
When sufficient H+ is added, all P can dissolve.