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Chemistry (XI+JEE-main)

Hints to Equilibrium (Ionic) Date : 17/03/2023

1. (4) Conjugate acid–bases pair are differed by one proton i.e., Acid – H+  Conjugate base
HClO4 – H+  ClO4 , HCl – H+  Cl–, HBr – H+  Br–
HI – H+  I–, HNO3 – H+  NO3 , H2SO4 – H+  HSO4

2. (2) C = 0.2M,  = 3% = 3/100 = 0.03, Ka = ?

Ka = 2C = (0.03)2  0.2 = 1.8  10–5

3. (3) H2SO4 is strong acid having pH < 7. NaNO2 is salt of weak acid and strong base hence, on hydrolysis
gives alkaline solution of pH > 7. NaCl is salt of strong acid and strong base hence neutral and H2S is
weak acid.

4. (1) Lewis acids are the species which accept lone pair of electrons. BF3 orbital is vacant, it is not fully filled
therefore, it can accept a lone pair, hence, it is a Lewis acid.

5. (3) pH of water in 7 at 25C because at 25C [H+] = 10–7 mol L–1. As the temperature decreases the
ionization of water decreases. Hence [H+] decreases and therefore pH increases.

6. (3) pH of 0.1HCl =1 i.e., [H+] = 10–1M

H2SO4 ⇌ 2H+ + SO4
 H2SO4 ionizes to give two H+ ions
101
So, [H2SO4] = = 0.05M
2

7. (3) NH4Cl is slat of S.A + W.B so it is acidic salt pH is decreased.

8. (4) MX  M+ + X–
s s
 Ksp = s2
2.5 10–9 = s2
s= 2.5  109  25  1010 = 5.0  10–5

9. (4) Acidic buffer is a mixture of a weak acid and its salt with a strong base. HClO4 is a strong acid.

10. (4) As CH3COONa is being added it undergoes complete dissociation because it is a strong electrolyte.
Hence during addition [CH3COO] increases.
Ionization of a weak acid like CH3COOH is suppressed by adding CH3COONa due to common ion effect.
CH3COOH ⇌ CH3COO– + H+
CH3COONa  CH3COO– + Na+
Common ion

The increase in [CH3COO–] has to be nullified because Ka is a constant at a particular temperature and it
only depends on temperature. Hence the excess acetate ion combines with the H+ to form undissociated
acetic acid.

11. (2) C1 = 0.1M, C2 = 0.025M, 1 = 1% = 0.01, 2 = ?

For weak base, from Ostwald dilution law, Ka = 2C
C121 = C222 [As Ka is constant for a particular acid]
0.1  (0.01)2 = 0.025 22
0.1 104
2 =  4  104 = 0.02
0.025
12. (2) For pH = 1, [H+] = 10–1; Moles of [H+] = 10–1  50 = 5  10–3
For pH = 2, [H ] = 10 ;
+ –2 Moles of [H+] = 10–2  50 = 5  10–4
Total moles = (5  10 ) + (5  10–4) = (50  10–4) + (5  10–4) = 55  10–4
–3

Total volume = 100mL = 0.1L

55  104
 [H+] = = 55  10–3 = 5.5  10–2
0.1
pH = – log [H+] =– log (5.5  10–2) = 3 – 0.74 = 1.26

 
13. (4) HAc(aq) ⇌ H (aq.) + Ac (aq.)
Initial conc(M): 0.05 0 0.05
At eqbm. conc. (M): 0.05 – x x 0.05 + x

[H+ ][Ac ][(x)(0.05+x)]

Ka =
[HAc] (0.05  x)
As Ka is small for a very weak, x < < 0.05, hence, (0.05 + x) ≈ (0.05 – x) ≈ 0.05
( x )(0.05  x ) x(0.05)
Thus, 1.8  10–5 =  = x = [H+]
(0.05  1) (0.05)
pH = –log (1.8  10–5) = 5 – 0.25 = 4.75

14. (1) pKb = − log[Kb ] = −log[10−10] = 10 log 10 = 10

∵ pKa + pKb = 14 or pKa = 14 – pKb = 14 – 10 = 4
[salt ]
For acidic buffer, pH = pKa + log
[acid]
 [X–] = [HX], hence pH = pKa = 4

15. (3) Given; [HCl] = 0.1M, vol. of HCl= 1mL, Vol. of NaCl solution = 999 mL
Total vol. on mixing = 1 + 999 = 1000mL
[HCl] in 1000 mL solution = 0.1/1000 = 10–4
pH = – log [H+] = – log 10–4 = 4

16. (2) Ksp = 4  10−12 and solubility = 10−4 M

M(OH)x  Mx+ + x OH–;
Ksp = [Mx+] [OH–]x
4  10−12 = (10−4)  (x10−4)x = xx (10-4)x + 1
22  (10−6)2 + 1 = xx (10-4)x + 1
Comparing LHS and RHS, x = 2

17. (1) For precipitation, Ionic product > Ksp.

Ionic product
[Ag+] [Cl–]
[Ag+] [Cl–]
(1) 10–4 10–4 10–8
(2) 10–7 10–7 10–14
(3) 10–5 10–5 10–10
(4) 10–10 10–10 10–20
In (1) Ionic product > Ksp; 10–8 > 1.8  10–10
18. (3) M(OH)2 ⇌ M2+ + 2OH–
s 2s
Ksp = 4s 3

0.4  1011 = 4s3

0.4  10 11
s3 =
4
 s = 1  10–4 = [OH]
pOH =  log [OH] =  log (1  10–4 ) = 4
pOH + pH = 14
 pH = 10
19. (3) Initial pH = 7; so, pOH = 7 Final pH = 12; So, pOH = 2
[OH⊖] = 10–7 [OH⊖] = 10–2
∵ The increase in [OH⊖] = 105 times
[salt]
20. (4) pOH = pKb + log
[base]
[salt]
14 – pH = pKb + log
[base]
[salt]
14 = pH + pKb + log
[base]
[salt]
14 = 13 + log
[base]
[salt]
log = 14 – 13 = 1
[base]
[base] [base]
or log = –1.  = Antilog (–1) = 0.1
[salt] [salt]

21. (5) Ksp of BaCO3 = 5.1  109

2
[CO 3 ] = 1.0  104 M (From Na2CO3)
2
Ksp = [Ba2+] [CO 3 ]
K sp 5.1  10 9
 [Ba2+] = = = 5.1  105 M
[CO 32  ] 1.0  10 4

22. (7) Kw = [H+] [OH]

pKw = pH + pOH
 13.66 = 2 pH. [pH = pOH for a neutral solution.]
13.66
 pH = = 6.83  7
2
23. (1) pH = 5, [H+] = 10–5
But [H+] = C
 10–5 = 1.0     = 10–5
Ka = 2C = (10–5)2  1.0 = 10–10
24. (1) A2X3  2A3+ + 3X2– , let solubility of A2X3 be s
Ksp = [A3+]2 [X2–]3 = [2s]2 [3s]3 = 108s5
1.1  10–23 = 108s5
1.1  1023 110 1025
s5 =   1 1025
108 108
s = 1.0  10–5 mol L–1
[salt ]
25. (8) This is acidic buffer hence; pH = pKa + log
[acid]
 [X–] = [HX], hence pH = pKa = − log [Ka] = − log10–8 = 8  1 = 8