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Art - Purchasing Chessboard PDF
Art - Purchasing Chessboard PDF
Chessboard®
In turbulent times, markets become more volatile and
differentiated. What does this mean for companies and
industries worldwide? That a “one size fits all” supply
strategy no longer applies.
Past procurement strategies were largely focused on ways to counter rising raw materials prices
and scarce resources, but the current economic crisis has forced a shift toward cost
containment. Although market volatility is likely to continue over the next year, one trend is
destined to remain: Supplier markets will become more differentiated. What does this mean for
companies and industries worldwide? That a “one size fits all” strategy no longer applies.
For years, most procurement organisations have operated in supply markets that could be
addressed using relatively simple tools and techniques—RFIs (requests for information) and
RFPs (requests for proposals), bundled products and services and multi-year contracts, among
others. Today’s supply markets, however, are heterogeneous and require vastly different
methods in order to yield benefits from material costs.
Leverage competition among suppliers. The most celebrated and perhaps most frequently
employed procurement strategy is competitive tendering or commercial negotiations with a
strong focus on price. This is particularly popular when buying in a high-demand, low-supply
market, for example component parts. There are four main procurement levers: tendering,
leveraging global supplier markets, reviewing suppliers’ prices, and enforcing target prices.
Experience shows that most procurement organizations readily employ the first two levers,
but only a few companies focus on pricing and enforcing target prices.
With this in mind, we have included a cost regression analysis as a key component of The
Purchasing Chessboard. The analysis is performed via a statistical methodology that deter-
mines target prices based on the technical characteristics of a module. Once identified, the
target price becomes the fact base for renegotiating with existing suppliers. In the past three
1. Place specific categories on sense to also perform a function- engineers whereas the right top
the Purchasing Chessboard ality assessment? corner of the chessboard (value
depending on their unique partnership) will require
demand or supply conditions. 3. Review the competencies of corporate strategy experts.
the purchasing function. Can your
2. Make sure you are applying team play on all relevant fields of 5. Review and update the position
relevant purchasing strategies to the Purchasing Chessboard? In of categories on the Purchasing
ca-tegories. Are you conducting what areas should you broaden Chessboard regularly and adjust
cost regression analysis to your skill sets? purchasing strategies accord-
identify the target price of ingly. The world is not static. For
packaging material? Have you 4. Do you have the right composi- example, the supply power of key
considered a supplier fitness tion of cross-functional team raw materials such as steel,
program for molded plastic parts? members involved when working metals and chemicals has
Would it be financially beneficial with categories? Purchasing significantly decreased in the
to outsource purchasing of strategies that fall in the left top past year.
indirect materials? When corner of the chessboard
performing a specification (innovation breakthroughs) will
assessment wouldn’t it make require deep involvement of
years, this analysis has proved successful for procurement professionals in the automotive
industry (OEMs and suppliers), mechanical engineering firms, financial institutions and
consumer goods, especially for commodities such as castings, hydraulic components,
forgings, and also for indirect categories such as IT equipment.
Seek joint advantage with suppliers. When buyers and suppliers in a transaction have equal
market power, the first strategy will not be sufficient to achieve sustainable cost or value advan-
tages. For example, the automotive industry procures numerous unique modules (for example,
engine controls) so simply putting suppliers into competition will not suffice.
In these situations, companies must strive to find common advantages with their suppliers. The
goal is to build joint cost-value partnerships, an integrated and transparent operations planning
process, and joint management along the entire value chain.
Such partnerships can reduce costs while also generating value. Suppliers and buyers work
together to spawn ideas for optimizing costs and then agree to share in the respective benefits.
What begins as an ad-hoc program could eventually turn into a longer-term strategic alliance
between buyer and supplier.
In such markets, the objective is to change the nature of demand. This is done by re-specifica-
tions of components, data mining, developing new technical options, and risk management.
High
Invention Leverage Function- Specificat- Valuechain
Revenue Profit Strategic
8 on innovation ality ion reconfigur-
sharing sharing alliance
demand network assessment assessment ation
Political
Visible proces Vendor Supplier Supplier
Bottleneck framework Product Complexity
Supply power
Total Leverage
Sourcing Buying Cost data Standardi- RFI/RFP Expressive
4 costof market
community consortia mining zation process bidding
ownership imbalances
Bundling Cost
Contract Bundling Linear
Demand across Global LCC based
1 manag- across performance
reduction product Sourcing sourcing price
ement sites pricing
lines modeling
Low
A B C D E F G H
In The Purchasing Chessboard, we call this “invention on demand” (see figure 2 on page 5),
whereby a company systematically challenges the basic elements of a technical system and
searches for alternatives throughout the field of science—essentially replacing technical
options for modules delivered by suppliers. This approach is particularly relevant for industries
where patent-protected components or systems are already successfully employed, for
instance, in aviation, engineering and automotive.
Authors
For more information, permission to reprint or translate this work, and all other correspondence,
please email: insight@atkearney.com.
The signature of our namesake and founder, Andrew Thomas Kearney, on the cover of this
document represents our pledge to live the values he instilled in our firm and uphold his
commitment to ensuring “essential rightness” in all that we do.